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Kovács B, Andreolli M, Lampis S, Biró B, Kotroczó Z. Bacterial Community Structure Responds to Soil Management in the Rhizosphere of Vine Grape Vineyards. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:254. [PMID: 38666866 PMCID: PMC11048173 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The microbial communities of the rhizospheres of vineyards have been subject to a considerable body of research, but it is still unclear how the applied soil cultivation methods are able to change the structure, composition, and level of diversity of their communities. Rhizosphere samples were collected from three neighbouring vineyards with the same time of planting and planting material (rootstock: Teleki 5C; Vitis vinifera: Müller Thurgau). Our objective was to examine the diversity occurring in bacterial community structures in vineyards that differ only in the methods of tillage procedure applied, namely intensive (INT), extensive (EXT), and abandoned (AB). For that we took samples from two depths (10-30 cm (shallow = S) and 30-50 cm (deep = D) of the grape rhizosphere in each vineyard and the laboratory and immediately prepared the slices of the roots for DNA-based analysis of the bacterial communities. Bacterial community structure was assessed by means of PCR-DGGE analysis carried out on the v3 region of 16S rRNA gene. Based on the band composition of the DGGE profiles thus obtained, the diversity of the microbial communities was evaluated and determined by the Shannon-Weaver index (H'). Between the AB and EXT vineyards at the S depth, the similarity of the community structure was 55%; however, the similarity of the D samples was more than 80%, while the difference between the INT samples and the other two was also higher than 80%. Based on our results, we can conclude that intensive cultivation strongly affects the structure and diversity of the bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabás Kovács
- Institute of Viticulture and Enology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Marco Andreolli
- Department of Biotechnology & Verona University Culture Collection-Department of Biotechnology (VUCC-DBT), University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Silvia Lampis
- Department of Biotechnology & Verona University Culture Collection-Department of Biotechnology (VUCC-DBT), University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Borbála Biró
- Department of Agro-Environmental Studies, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zsolt Kotroczó
- Department of Agro-Environmental Studies, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (Z.K.)
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Valleggi L, Carella G, Perria R, Mugnai L, Stefanini FM. A Bayesian model for control strategy selection against Plasmopara viticola infections. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1117498. [PMID: 37546263 PMCID: PMC10399454 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1117498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens pose a persistent threat to grape production, causing significant economic losses if disease management strategies are not carefully planned and implemented. Simulation models are one approach to address this challenge because they provide short-term and field-scale disease prediction by incorporating the biological mechanisms of the disease process and the different phenological stages of the vines. In this study, we developed a Bayesian model to predict the probability of Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevines, considering various disease management approaches. To aid decision-making, we introduced a multi-attribute utility function that incorporated a sustainability index for each strategy. The data used in this study were derived from trials conducted during the production years 2018-2020, involving the application of five disease management strategies: conventional Integrated Pest Management (IPM), conventional organic, IPM with substantial fungicide reduction combined with host-defense inducing biostimulants, organic management with biostimulants, and the use of biostimulants only. Two scenarios were considered, one with medium pathogen pressure (Average) and another with high pathogen pressure (Severe). The results indicated that when sustainability indexes were not considered, the conventional IPM strategy provided the most effective disease management in the Average scenario. However, when sustainability indexes were included, the utility values of conventional strategies approached those of reduced fungicide strategies due to their lower environmental impact. In the Severe scenario, the application of biostimulants alone emerged as the most effective strategy. These results suggest that in situations of high disease pressure, the use of conventional strategies effectively combats the disease but at the expense of a greater environmental impact. In contrast to mechanistic-deterministic approaches recently published in the literature, the proposed Bayesian model takes into account the main sources of heterogeneity through the two group-level effects, providing accurate predictions, although precise estimates of random effects may require larger samples than usual. Moreover, the proposed Bayesian model assists the agronomist in selecting the most effective crop protection strategy while accounting for induced environmental side effects through customizable utility functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Valleggi
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Application (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carella
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Environmental and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Perria
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Laura Mugnai
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Environmental and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Duan R, Du Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Hu W, Yang L, Xiang G, Luo Y. Diversity and composition of soil bacteria between abandoned and selective-farming farmlands in an antimony mining area. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:953624. [PMID: 35935219 PMCID: PMC9355163 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.953624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Land abandonment and selective farming are two common management methods to restore the soil conditions of low-pollution farmland in mining areas. The soil bacterial community plays an important role in farmland soil restoration; however, few studies have compared the composition and diversity of soil bacteria between the abandoned farmlands (AFS) and selective-farming farmlands (FFS). Here, the effects of AFS and FFS on soil properties and bacterial diversity were evaluated in an antimony (Sb) mining area in southern China. This study aimed to identify effective land management methods in terms of positive or negative changes in soil environment and bacterial diversity. Methods 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to compare the diversity and composition of soil bacteria between AFS and FFS in the Xikuangshan (the largest Sb mine in the world). Results Compared to AFS, FFS had higher Sb concentration and nutritional properties (e.g., available N, P, and K) and lower Zn concentration (p < 0.05). The bacterial alpha diversity including Chao1 index, Simpson index, Shannon index and Pielou−e index in FFS was higher than AFS (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, FFS had higher relative abundances of Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Rokubacteria, and lower relative abundances of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, FFS had higher relative abundances of Acidothermus, Haliangium, and Rokubacteriales, and lower relative abundances of Bacillus, Rhodococcus, Sphingomonas, and 67-14. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil heavy metal content and soil fertility were closely correlated with the soil bacterial community. Altogether, selective farming of low-pollution farmland in the mining area can improve soil properties and soil bacterial diversity.
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Rapson GL. Tertiary succession ‐ a new concept to help vegetation restoration. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GL Rapson
- Ecology School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North New Zealand
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Genova G, Della Chiesa S, Mimmo T, Borruso L, Cesco S, Tasser E, Matteazzi A, Niedrist G. Copper and zinc as a window to past agricultural land-use. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:126631. [PMID: 34334215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agricultural management significantly affects soil chemical properties. Such impacts, depending on the intensity of agronomic practices, might persist for several decades. We tested how current soil properties, especially heavy metal concentrations, reflect the land-use history over a 24,000 ha area dominated by intensive apple orchards and viticulture (South Tyrol, ITA). We combined georeferenced soil analyses with land-use maps from 1850 to 2010 in a space-for-time approach to detect the accumulation rates of copper and zinc and understand how present-day soil heavy metal concentrations reflect land-use history. Soils under vineyards since the 1850s showed the highest available copper concentration (median of 314.0 mg kg-1, accumulation rate between 19.4 and 41.3 mg kg-1·10 y-1). Zinc reached the highest concentration in the same land-use type (median of 32.5 mg kg-1, accumulation rate between 1.8 and 4.4 mg kg-1·10 y-1). Using a random forest approach on 44,132 soil samples, we extrapolated land-use history on the permanent crop area of the region, reaching an accuracy of 0.72. This suggests that combining current soil analysis, historical management information, and machine learning models provides a valuable tool to predict land-use history and understand management legacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Genova
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy; Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy.
| | - S Della Chiesa
- Chair of Geoinformatics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Mimmo
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy; Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - L Borruso
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - S Cesco
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - E Tasser
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - A Matteazzi
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Laimburg, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - G Niedrist
- Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
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Chen H, Shen Q, Zang D, Li H, Sow Y. Study on the impact of environmental pollution on farmland abandonment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:1458-1469. [PMID: 34355318 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Farmland abandonment, as a manifestation of the low efficiency of the rural economy, has a profound impact on the process of agricultural and rural modernization. This study uses the 2016 China Labor Force Dynamic Survey data based on 8116 samples from 104 cities, constructs the Tobit model and IV Tobit model to analyze the land abandonment quantitatively from the perspective of environmental pollution. The results show that (1) environmental pollution can significantly increase the probability and area of land abandonment, (2) there is significant regional heterogeneity in the impact of environmental pollution on land abandonment, (3) the impact of environmental pollution on land abandonment varies significantly with different family sizes and land management scales, but the land management scale is relatively more sensitive. This study provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between environmental pollution and land abandonment in China and provides a basis for formulating relevant policies to strengthen the treatment of environmental pollution to solve the dilemma of land abandonment, which is of great practical significance to sustainable development of rural economy and the guarantee of food security in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Chen
- School of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qianling Shen
- School of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Dungang Zang
- School of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Houjian Li
- School of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaya Sow
- School of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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A Smart and Sustainable Future for Viticulture Is Rooted in Soil: How to Face Cu Toxicity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11030907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, agriculture has faced the fundamental challenge of needing to increase food production and quality in order to meet the requirements of a growing global population. Similarly, viticulture has also been undergoing change. Several countries are reducing their vineyard areas, and several others are increasing them. In addition, viticulture is moving towards higher altitudes and latitudes due to climate change. Furthermore, global warming is also exacerbating the incidence of fungal diseases in vineyards, forcing farmers to apply agrochemicals to preserve production yields and quality. The repeated application of copper (Cu)-based fungicides in conventional and organic farming has caused a stepwise accumulation of Cu in vineyard soils, posing environmental and toxicological threats. High Cu concentrations in soils can have multiple impacts on agricultural systems. In fact, it can (i) alter the chemical-physical properties of soils, thus compromising their fertility; (ii) induce toxicity phenomena in plants, producing detrimental effects on growth and productivity; and (iii) affect the microbial biodiversity of soils, thereby influencing some microbial-driven soil processes. However, several indirect (e.g., management of rhizosphere processes through intercropping and/or fertilization strategies) and direct (e.g., exploitation of vine resistant genotypes) strategies have been proposed to restrain Cu accumulation in soils. Furthermore, the application of precision and smart viticulture paradigms and their related technologies could allow a timely, localized and balanced distribution of agrochemicals to achieve the required goals. The present review highlights the necessity of applying multidisciplinary approaches to meet the requisites of sustainability demanded of modern viticulture.
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Baldi E, Cavani L, Mazzon M, Marzadori C, Quartieri M, Toselli M. Fourteen years of compost application in a commercial nectarine orchard: effect on microelements and potential harmful elements in soil and plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141894. [PMID: 32896791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to valuate, after 14 years, the impact of annual compost applications on micronutrient and potentially toxic trace elements on nectarine tree uptake and soil fertility. The study was performed in the Po valley, Italy, on the variety Stark RedGold (grafted on GF677). Since orchard planting, the following treatments were applied, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates: 1. unfertilized control; 2. mineral fertilization (N was supplied as NO3NH4 at 70-130 kg ha-1 year-1); 3. compost at 5 t DW ha-1 year-1; 4. compost at 10 t DW ha-1 year-1. The actual rate of application was 12.5 (LOW) and 25 (HIGH) t ha-1, since compost was concentrated in the tree row. Compost was made from domestic organic wastes mixed with pruning material from urban ornamental trees and garden management and stabilized for 3 months. The supply of compost HIGH induced an enrichment of soil total Cu, Zn and Cd, and a decrease of Fe and Co concentration; with values always below the European threshold limits for heavy metals in the soil. In addition, compost (at both rates) increased availability (DTPA-extractable) of Fe, Mn and Zn, Cd, Ni, and Pb in the top soil (0-0.15 m). Total micronutrient and trace element tree content was not affected by fertilization treatments; however, the recycled fraction returned to the soil at the end of the season through abscised leaves and pruned wood of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn was increased by mineral fertilization; Fe and Zn also by compost HIGH. Our data show that the introduction of compost at both 12.5 and 25 t ha-1 year-1 in the row did not increase the risk of pollution related to potentially toxic trace elements and at the same time increased the bioavailability of Fe, Mn and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Baldi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luciano Cavani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzon
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marzadori
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Quartieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Moreno Toselli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, viale Fanin, 46 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Using the Web of Science database, 1498 research articles published between 1900 and 2019 on the subject of farmland abandonment were retrieved. With the help of the SciMAT tool, a theme strategic diagram, overlay map and evolution map represented by keywords were constructed, and the strategic coordinate analysis and data flow analysis methods were used to analyze the research themes, evolutionary states and paths of farmland abandonment in different research time periods. The results show the following: (1) Research on farmland abandonment has rapidly grown in the past ten years, the development of studies on farmland abandonment has become more mature, and the research topics and content have tended to solidify; (2) The research topics of studies on farmland abandonment are mostly centered on forests, patterns, landscapes, land use changes, climate change, etc. The research topics have had strong continuity and few new research hotspots; (3) The study of the ecological environment effect of farmland abandonment is the basic research direction in the field of farmland abandonment and will continue to become a research hotspot; (4) Farmland abandonment has become an important part of the research on land use change and ecosystem processes; (5) The driving force of farmland abandonment includes natural, social and economic factors, among which the socioeconomic factors are the most important driving force, and will continue to be a research hotspot. Finally, this study concludes that the research directions on farmland abandonment in future should strengthen the quantitative assessment of environmental effects of farmland abandonment, information extraction and multiscale simulation monitoring, trend prediction and risk assessment.
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Gabarrón M, Faz A, Martínez-Martínez S, Acosta JA. Concentration and chemical distribution of metals and arsenic under different typical Mediterranean cropping systems. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2845-2857. [PMID: 31197552 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil under an intensive agriculture production could result in metal pollution if bad management practices are carried out. The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of cropping systems on soil metal(loid)s accumulation and speciation and to identify metal sources for each cropping system. To achieve these objectives, 40 soil samples from cereal, fruit, citrus and horticultural cropping areas and 15 samples from non-disturbed areas were collected. pH, salinity, particle size distribution, organic carbon and carbonate contents were analysed. In addition, total, DTPA-extractable and water-soluble Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and As concentrations and their chemical speciation were determined. Results showed an enrichment of Pb in cereal and horticultural soils, of Zn in fruit and horticultural soils and of Cu and Cd in citrus soils. The most available metals were Pb and Cd which was due to their ability to bind to carbonate and reducible phases of soils. The PCA suggested an anthropogenic origin of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in most of the cropping systems; this origin was related to both agriculture management practices and other anthropic actions, such as traffic. Therefore, changes in crop managements are necessary for a sustainable agriculture in the studied crop systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabarrón
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Angel Faz
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Martínez
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jose A Acosta
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain
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Responses of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities to the Sewage Sludge Application into the Soil. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110505. [PMID: 31671795 PMCID: PMC6920848 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing sewage sludge production in the world and problems with its disposal, an application of sludge to the soil appears to be a suitable solution considering its fertilizer properties and ability to improve the soil physical conditions. On the other hand, the sludge may also contain undesirable and toxic substances. Since soil microorganisms are sensitive to environmental changes, they can be used as indicators of soil quality. In this study, we used sewage sludge (SS) from two municipal wastewater treatment plants (SS-A and SS-B) in the dose of 5 t/ha and 15 t/ha in order to determine possible changes in the fungal community diversity, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), in the rhizosphere of Arundo donax L. Rhizosphere samples were collected in summer and autumn for two consecutive years and the fungal diversity was examined using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and 18S rDNA sequencing. Fungal alpha diversity was more affected by SS-A than SS-B probably due to the higher heavy metal content. However, based on principal component analysis and ANOSIM, significant changes in overall fungal diversity were not observed. Simultaneously, 18S rDNA sequencing showed that more various fungal taxa were detected in the sample with sewage sludge than in the control. Glomus sp. as a representative of AMF was the most represented. Moreover, Funneliformis in both samples and Rhizophagus in control with Septoglomus in the sludge sample were other representatives of AMF. Our results indicate that the short-term sewage sludge application into the soil does not cause a shift in the fungal community composition.
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Tang J, Zhang J, Ren L, Zhou Y, Gao J, Luo L, Yang Y, Peng Q, Huang H, Chen A. Diagnosis of soil contamination using microbiological indices: A review on heavy metal pollution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 242:121-130. [PMID: 31028952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of soil has become a serious global issue because of their persistence in the environment and the non-biodegradable nature leading to their accumulation to toxic levels. In order to achieve early warning and prevent soil quality from deteriorating, it is necessary to select suitable indices to diagnose heavy metal pollution. Microbiological indices for monitoring soil pollution by heavy metals are gaining attention. However, the related researches are scattered, and critical review is imperative. This review is mainly to provide readers with an in-depth understanding of the merits and limitations of microbiological indices for heavy metals contaminated and remediated soils. Microbiological indicators include microbial abundance, community diversity and structure, functional activity. The changes of different microbiological indices and the mechanism of microbial response to heavy metal stress in soils are comprehensively summarized. Furthermore, research gaps and future directions of the microbial ecotoxicological diagnosis of soil contamination by heavy metals are also proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Liheng Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qinghui Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Liang Y, Wang X, Guo Z, Xiao X, Peng C, Yang J, Zhou C, Zeng P. Chelator-assisted phytoextraction of arsenic, cadmium and lead by Pteris vittata L. and soil microbial community structure response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1032-1040. [PMID: 31020854 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1594685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using biodegradable chelators to assist in phytoextraction may be an effective approach to enhance the heavy-metal remediation efficiencies of plants. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS), citric acid (CA), and oxalic acid (OA) on the growth of the arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L., its arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) uptake and accumulation, and soil microbial responses in multi-metal(loid)-contaminated soil. The addition of 2.5-mmol kg-1 OA (OA-2.5) produced 26.7 and 14.9% more rhizoid and shoot biomass, respectively compared with the control, while EDDS and CA treatments significantly inhibited plant growth. The As accumulation in plants after the OA-2.5 treatment increased by 44.2% and the Cd and Pb accumulation in plants after a 1-mmol kg-1 EDDS treatment increased by 24.5 and 19.6%, respectively. Soil urease enzyme activities in OA-2.5 treatment were significantly greater than those in the control and other chelator treatments (p < 0.05). A PCR-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that with the addition of EDDS, CA and OA enhanced soil microbial diversity. It was concluded that the addition of OA-2.5 was suitable for facilitating phytoremediation of soil As and did not have negative effects on the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Liang
- a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Chi Peng
- a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Jun Yang
- b Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Cong Zhou
- a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Peng Zeng
- a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University , Changsha , China
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Impact of Farmland Abandonment on Water Resources and Soil Conservation in Citrus Plantations in Eastern Spain. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the reduction in the prices of oranges on the market and social changes such as the ageing of the population, traditional orange plantation abandonment in the Mediterranean is taking place. Previous research on land abandonment impact on soil and water resources has focused on rainfed agriculture abandonment, but there is no research on irrigated land abandonment. In the Valencia Region—the largest producer of oranges in Europe—abandonment is resulting in a quick vegetation recovery and changes in soil properties, and then in water erosion. Therefore, we performed rainfall simulation experiments (0.28 m2; 38.8 mm h−1) to determine the soil losses in naveline orange plantations with different ages of abandonment (1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years of abandonment) which will allow for an understanding of the temporal changes in soil and water losses after abandonment. Moreover, these results were also compared with an active plantation (0). The results show that the soils of the active orange plantations have higher runoff discharges and higher erosion rates due to the use of herbicides than the plots after abandonment. Once the soil is abandoned for one year, the plant recovery reaches 33% of the cover and the erosion rate drops one order of magnitude. This is related to the delay in the runoff generation and the increase in infiltration rates. After 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years, the soil reduced bulk density, increase in organic matter, plant cover, and soil erosion rates were found negligible. We conclude that the abandonment of orange plantations reduces soil and water losses and can serve as a nature-based solution to restore the soil services, goods, and resources. The reduction in the soil losses was exponential (from 607.4 g m−2 in the active plot to 7.1 g m−2 in the 10-year abandoned one) but the water losses were linear (from 77.2 in active plantations till 12.8% in the 10-year abandoned ones).
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Xu D, Deng X, Guo S, Liu S. Labor migration and farmland abandonment in rural China: Empirical results and policy implications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:738-750. [PMID: 30529416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Farmland abandonment is a universal socio-economic phenomenon in various countries in the world. However, there is a lack of the large-sample empirical research on rural households' farmland abandonment in China, and few studies have explored the quantitative influences of labor migration on rural households' farmland abandonment. This study uses the survey data of 8031 rural households from 27 provinces (cities) in China. It analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of labor migration and farmland abandonment on the basis of provinces (cities). Moreover, it constructs the iv-probit models and the iv-tobit models to quantitatively explore the influences of off-farm employment and part-time employment on rural households' farmland abandonment. The results show that: Labor migration and farmland abandonment in various provinces (cities) of China present the trend of spatial area agglomeration. The regional differences of off-farm laborers are significant, whereas the regional differences of part-time laborers are relatively small; Labor migration would promote rural households' farmland abandonment. When other conditions remain unchanged, with every 10% increase in off-farm employment and part-time employment, the average probability of rural households' farmland abandonment increases by 4% and 5%, respectively, and the average farmland area that rural household abandons increases by 3% and 5%, respectively. This study can enhance the understanding of the relationship between labor migration and rural households' farmland abandonment in China, so as to provide reference for the rational allocation of labor resources and the formulation of the policies related to ensuring food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingde Xu
- Sichuan Center for Rural Development Research, College of Management of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xin Deng
- College of Economics of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shili Guo
- China Western Economic Research Center, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 610074, China
| | - Shaoquan Liu
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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Schröder P, Beckers B, Daniels S, Gnädinger F, Maestri E, Marmiroli N, Mench M, Millan R, Obermeier MM, Oustriere N, Persson T, Poschenrieder C, Rineau F, Rutkowska B, Schmid T, Szulc W, Witters N, Sæbø A. Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe-A vision how to mobilize marginal lands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1101-1123. [PMID: 29132720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase of the world population constantly demands more food production from agricultural soils. This causes conflicts, since at the same time strong interest arises on novel bio-based products from agriculture, and new perspectives for rural landscapes with their valuable ecosystem services. Agriculture is in transition to fulfill these demands. In many countries, conventional farming, influenced by post-war food requirements, has largely been transformed into integrated and sustainable farming. However, since it is estimated that agricultural production systems will have to produce food for a global population that might amount to 9.1 billion by 2050 and over 10 billion by the end of the century, we will require an even smarter use of the available land, including fallow and derelict sites. One of the biggest challenges is to reverse non-sustainable management and land degradation. Innovative technologies and principles have to be applied to characterize marginal lands, explore options for remediation and re-establish productivity. With view to the heterogeneity of agricultural lands, it is more than logical to apply specific crop management and production practices according to soil conditions. Cross-fertilizing with conservation agriculture, such a novel approach will provide (1) increased resource use efficiency by producing more with less (ensuring food security), (2) improved product quality, (3) ameliorated nutritional status in food and feed products, (4) increased sustainability, (5) product traceability and (6) minimized negative environmental impacts notably on biodiversity and ecological functions. A sustainable strategy for future agriculture should concentrate on production of food and fodder, before utilizing bulk fractions for emerging bio-based products and convert residual stage products to compost, biochar and bioenergy. The present position paper discusses recent developments to indicate how to unlock the potentials of marginal land.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schröder
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, GmbH, COMI, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
| | - B Beckers
- Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - S Daniels
- Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - F Gnädinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, GmbH, COMI, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - E Maestri
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sci. Environm. Sustainability, - Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - N Marmiroli
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sci. Environm. Sustainability, - Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - M Mench
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Bordeaux University, France
| | - R Millan
- CIEMAT - Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M M Obermeier
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, GmbH, COMI, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - N Oustriere
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Bordeaux University, France
| | - T Persson
- NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | | | - F Rineau
- Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - B Rutkowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Schmid
- CIEMAT - Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - W Szulc
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Witters
- Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - A Sæbø
- NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
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17
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Wang T, Sun H, Ren X, Li B, Mao H. Evaluation of biochars from different stock materials as carriers of bacterial strain for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12114. [PMID: 28935871 PMCID: PMC5608944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two kinds of biochars, one derived from corn straw and one from pig manure, were studied as carriers of a mutant genotype from Bacillus subtilis (B38) for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation. After amendment with biochar, the heavy metal bioavailability decreased. Moreover, the heavy metal immobilization ability of the biochar was enhanced by combining it with B38. The simultaneous application of B38 and pig manure-derived biochar exhibited a superior effect on the promotion of plant growth and the immobilization of heavy metals in soil. The plant biomass increased by 37.9% and heavy metal concentrations in the edible part of lettuce decreased by 69.9–96.1%. The polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles revealed that pig manure-derived biochar could enhance the proliferation of both exotic B38 and native microbes. These results suggest that B38 carried by pig manure-derived biochar may be a promising candidate for the remediation of soils contaminated by multiple heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinhao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Centre for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
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18
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Xiao XY, Wang MW, Zhu HW, Guo ZH, Han XQ, Zeng P. Response of soil microbial activities and microbial community structure to vanadium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:200-206. [PMID: 28411515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
High levels of vanadium (V) have long-term, hazardous impacts on soil ecosystems and biological processes. In the present study, the effects of V on soil enzymatic activities, basal respiration (BR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and the microbial community structure were investigated through 12-week greenhouse incubation experiments. The results showed that V content affected soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA), BR, and MBC, while urease activity (UA) was less sensitive to V stress. The average median effective concentration (EC50) thresholds of V were predicted using a log-logistic dose-response model, and they were 362mgV/kg soil for BR and 417mgV/kg soil for DHA. BR and DHA were more sensitive to V addition and could be used as biological indicators for soil V pollution. According to a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis, the structural diversity of the microbial community decreased for soil V contents ranged between 254 and 1104mg/kg after 1 week of incubation. As the incubation time increased, the diversity of the soil microbial community structure increased for V contents ranged between 354 and 1104mg/kg, indicating that some new V-tolerant bacterial species might have replicated under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yuan Xiao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hui-Wen Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Han
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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