1
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Yan H, Zhu DZ, Loewen MR, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhao S, van Duin B, Chen L, Mahmood K. Particle size distribution of total suspended sediments in urban stormwater runoff: Effect of land uses, precipitation conditions, and seasonal variations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121467. [PMID: 38908149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Understanding particle size distribution (PSD) of total suspended sediments in urban runoff is essential for pollutant fate and designing effective stormwater treatment measures. However, the PSDs from different land uses under different weather conditions have yet to be sufficiently studied. This research conducted a six-year water sampling program in 15 study sites to analyze the PSD of total suspended sediments in runoff. The results revealed that the median particle size decreased in the order: paved residential, commercial, gravel lane residential, mixed land use, industrial, and roads. Fine particles less than 125 μm are the dominant particles (over 75%) of total suspended sediments in runoff in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Roads have the largest percentage of particles finer than 32 μm (49%). Gravel lane residential areas have finer particle sizes than paved residential areas. The results of PSD were compared with previous literature to provide more comprehensive information about PSD from different land uses. The impact of rainfall event types can vary depending on land use types. A long antecedent dry period tends to result in the accumulation of fine particles on urban surfaces. High rainfall intensity and long duration can wash off more coarse particles. The PSD in spring exhibits the finest particles, while fall has the largest percentage of coarse particles. Snowmelt particles are finer for the same land use than that during rainfall events because the rainfall-runoff flows are usually larger than the snowmelt flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Yan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - David Z Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Mark R Loewen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Stacey Zhao
- Climate & Environment, City of Calgary, AB, T2P 2M5, Canada
| | - Bert van Duin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada; City & Regional Planning, City of Calgary, AB, T2P 2M5, Canada
| | - Lei Chen
- Climate & Environment, City of Calgary, AB, T2P 2M5, Canada
| | - Khizar Mahmood
- Climate & Environment, City of Calgary, AB, T2P 2M5, Canada
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2
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Li S, Liu Y, Her Y, Nguyen AH. Enhancing the SWAT model for creating efficient rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies to improve water resources management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121829. [PMID: 39018853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Rain barrels/cisterns are a type of green infrastructure (GI) practice that can help restore urban hydrology. Roof runoff captured and stored by rain barrels/cisterns can serve as a valuable resource for landscape irrigation, which would reduce municipal water usage and decrease runoff that other stormwater infrastructures need to treat. The expected benefits of rainwater harvesting and reuse with rain barrels/cisterns are comprehensive but neither systematically investigated nor well documented. A comprehensive tool is needed to help stakeholders develop efficient strategies to harvest rainwater for landscape irrigation with rain barrels/cisterns. This study further improved the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in simulating urban drainage networks by coupling the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)'s closed pipe drainage network (CPDN) simulation methods with the SWAT model that was previously improved for simulating the impacts of rainwater harvesting for landscape irrigation with rain barrels/cisterns. The newly improved SWAT or SWAT-CPDN was applied to simulate the urban hydrology of the Brentwood watershed (Austin, TX) and evaluate the long-term effects of rainwater harvesting for landscape irrigation with rain barrels/cisterns at the field and watershed scales. The results indicated that the SWAT-CPDN could improve the prediction accuracy of urban hydrology with good performance in simulating discharges (15 min, daily, and monthly), evapotranspiration (monthly), and leaf area index (monthly). The impacts of different scenarios of rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies (rain barrel/cistern sizes, percentages of suitable areas with rain barrels/cisterns implemented, auto landscape irrigation rates, and landscape irrigation starting times) on each indicator (runoff depth, discharge volume, peak runoff, peak discharge, combined sewer overflow-CSO, freshwater demand, and plant growth) at the field or watershed scale varied, providing insights for the long-term multi-functional impacts (stormwater management and rainwater harvesting/reuse) of rainwater harvesting for landscape irrigation with rain barrels/cisterns. The varied rankings of scenarios found for achieving each goal at the field or watershed scale indicated that tradeoffs in rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies exist for various goals, and the strategies should be evaluated individually for different goals to optimize the strategies. Efficient rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies at the field or watershed scale can be created by stakeholders with the assist of the SWAT-CPDN to reduce runoff depth, discharge volume, peak runoff, peak discharge, CSO, and freshwater demand, as well as improve plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
| | - Younggu Her
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering & Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
| | - Anh H Nguyen
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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3
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Mokhtar A, He H, Nabil M, Kouadri S, Salem A, Elbeltagi A. Securing China's rice harvest: unveiling dominant factors in production using multi-source data and hybrid machine learning models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14699. [PMID: 38926368 PMCID: PMC11208568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ensuring the security of China's rice harvest is imperative for sustainable food production. The existing study addresses a critical need by employing a comprehensive approach that integrates multi-source data, including climate, remote sensing, soil properties and agricultural statistics from 2000 to 2017. The research evaluates six artificial intelligence (AI) models including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) models and their hybridization to predict rice production across China, particularly focusing on the main rice cultivation areas. These models were random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), conventional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), and the hybridization of RF with XGB and CNN with LSTM based on eleven combinations (scenarios) of input variables. The main results identify that hybrid models have performed better than single models. As well, the best scenario was recorded in scenarios 8 (soil variables and sown area) and 11 (all variables) based on the RF-XGB by decreasing the root mean square error (RMSE) by 38% and 31% respectively. Further, in both scenarios, RF-XGB generated a high correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.97 in comparison with other developed models. Moreover, the soil properties contribute as the predominant factors influencing rice production, exerting an 87% and 53% impact in east and southeast China, respectively. Additionally, it observes a yearly increase of 0.16 °C and 0.19 °C in maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin), coupled with a 20 mm/year decrease in precipitation decline a 2.23% reduction in rice production as average during the study period in southeast China region. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamic interplay of environmental factors affecting China's rice production, informing strategic measures to enhance food security in the face of evolving climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mokhtar
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 210062, China
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Hongming He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 210062, China.
| | - Mohsen Nabil
- Division of Agriculture Applications, Soils, and Marine (AASMD), National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saber Kouadri
- Laboratory of Water and Environment Engineering in Sahara Milieu (GEEMS), Department of Civil Engineering and Hydraulics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, PB 147 RP, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Ali Salem
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61111, Egypt.
- Structural Diagnostics and Analysis Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pécs, Boszorkány ut 2, H-7624, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Ahmed Elbeltagi
- Agricultural Engineering Depeartment, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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4
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Mayou LA, Alamdari N, Ahmadisharaf E, Kamali M. Impacts of future climate and land use/land cover change on urban runoff using fine-scale hydrologic modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 362:121284. [PMID: 38838538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Future changes in land use/land cover (LULC) and climate (CC) affect watershed hydrology. Despite past research on estimating such changes, studies on the impacts of both these nonstationary stressors on urban watersheds have been limited. Urban watersheds have several important details such as hydraulic infrastructure that call for fine-scale models to predict the impacts of LULC and CC on watershed hydrology. In this paper, a fine-scale hydrologic model-Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM)-was applied to predict the individual and joint impacts of LULC changes and CC on surface runoff attributes (peak and volume) in 3800 urban subwatersheds in Midwest Florida. The subwatersheds a range of characteristics in terms of drainage area, surface imperviousness, ground slope and LULC distribution. The PCSWMM also represented several hydraulic structures (e.g., ponds and pipes) across the subwatersheds. We analyzed changes in the runoff attributes to determine which stressor is most responsible for the changes and what subwatersheds are mostly sensitive to such changes. Six 24-h design rainfall events (5- to 200-year recurrence intervals) were studied under historical (2010) and future (year 2070) climate and LULC. We evaluated the response of the subwatersheds in terms of runoff peak and volume to the design rainfall events using the PCSWMM. The results indicated that, overall, CC has a greater impact on the runoff attributes than LULC change. We also found that LULC and climate induced changes in runoff are generally more pronounced in greater recurrence intervals and subwatersheds with smaller drainage areas and milder slopes. However, no relationship was found between the changes in runoff and original subwatershed imperviousness; this can be due to the small increase in urban land cover projected for the study area. This research helps urban planners and floodplain managers identify the required strategies to protect urban watersheds against future LULC change and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ashley Mayou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA; Resilient Infrastructure and Disaster Response Center, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Nasrin Alamdari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA; Resilient Infrastructure and Disaster Response Center, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Ebrahim Ahmadisharaf
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA; Resilient Infrastructure and Disaster Response Center, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Meysam Kamali
- Environment and Water Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Qin Y, Chen M, Fang Y, Li X, Wang J, Qiu J. Physical and hydraulic properties of bioretention substrate using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA) modified zeolite. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3236-3248. [PMID: 35319347 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2056084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA) modified zeolite as a component of bioretention substrate, to investigate the effect of HDTMA modification on the basic physical and hydraulic properties of substrate layer. Two different levels of HDTMA modified zeolite (ZHD10 and ZHD50) were mixed with a mixture consists of peat soil, river sand and compost (fixed volumetric proportion at 5:4:1) with varying volumetric percentage (25%, 50%, and 75%) to form substrate media. The modification only changes the physical properties of zeolite and media with zeolite slightly, while significant changes in surface hydrophobicity and hydraulic properties were observed. A distinct decline of saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s ) values of zeolite can be observed after the modification, K s values drop 36.5% for ZHD10 and 55.1% for ZHD50. In contrast, K s values of substrate media using zeolite increase after the modification at the same volumetric ratio of zeolite. When 50% of zeolite (v/v%) was used in substrate, K s for natural zeolite, ZHD10 and ZHD50 was 0.024, 0.038 and 0.075 cm/s, respectively. Such alterations in K s are associated with the changes of surface hydrophobicity after the modification and ion exchange between modified zeolite and other materials after soaking into water. Changes in water retention characteristics (WRC) curves were in good accord with the variations in K s , and can be interpreted by the changed K s of tested materials. The orientations of HDTMA molecules loaded on zeolite surface were suggested to play crucial roles in altering the hydraulic properties of zeolite added substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Qin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Erhai Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsheng Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqing Fang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Erhai Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangping Qiu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Erhai Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Dali, People's Republic of China
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6
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Hussain S, Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Majeed H, Qaisrani SA, Hammad HM, Amjad M, Ahmad I, Fahad S, Ahmad N, Nasim W. Assessment of land use/land cover changes and its effect on land surface temperature using remote sensing techniques in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:99202-99218. [PMID: 35768713 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Land surface temperature (LST) is defined as a phenomenon which shows that microclimate of an urban system gets heated much faster than its surrounding rural climates. The expansion of buildings has a noteworthy influence on land use/land cover (LULC) due to conversion of vegetation land into commercial and residential areas and their associated infrastructure by which LST is accelerated. The objective of the research was to study the impact of changes in LULC on LST of Southern Punjab (Pakistan) through remote sensing (RS) data. Landsat images of 30-year duration (1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017) were employed for identifying vegetation indices and LST in the study region. These images also helped to work out normalized difference water index (NDWI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) maps. There was an increase from 29620 (3.63 %) to 88038 ha (10.8 %) in built-up area over the 30 years. LST values were found in the range 12-42 °C, 11-44 °C, 11-45 °C and 11-47 °C in the years 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017, respectively. Regression coefficients (R2) 0.81, 0.78, 0.84 and 0.76 were observed between NDVI and LST in the corresponding years respectively. Our study showed that NDVI and NDWI were negatively correlated with less LST; however, NDBI showed positive correlation with high LST. Our study gives critical information of LULC and LST and will be a helpful tool for policy makers for developing effective policies in managing land resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hamid Majeed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Qaisrani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Department of Agronomy, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Vehari Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
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7
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Ramezani MR, Helfer F, Yu B. Individual and combined impacts of urbanization and climate change on catchment runoff in Southeast Queensland, Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160528. [PMID: 36470390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the impacts of climate change and land-use change is of critical importance, particularly for urbanized catchments. In this study, a novel framework was used to examine and quantify these impacts on the runoff in six catchments in Southeast Queensland, Australia. For each catchment, temporal variations in impervious areas were derived from six satellite images using a sub-pixel classification technique and incorporated into the SIMHYD hydrological model. This model was satisfactorily calibrated and validated with daily runoff observations (0.63 ≤ Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient ≤ 0.94, percent bias ≤ ±18 %) and was used to produce baseline runoff for 1986-2005 in these six catchments. The projected population increase was used to predict future imperviousness based on the linear relationship between the two. The projected rainfall and evapotranspiration were derived from the ensemble means of the eight general circulation models. Catchment runoff was projected under two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and 8.5), three urbanization scenarios (low, medium, and high), and six combined scenarios for two future periods (2026-2045 and 2046-2065). Comparing with the baseline, it was found that (1) climate change alone would lead to a -3.8 % to -17.6 % reduction in runoff among the six catchments, for all scenarios and both future periods; (2) a 11.8 % to 78 % increase in runoff was projected under the three urbanization scenarios, and (3) a decrease in runoff due to climate change would moderate the increase in runoff caused by urbanization. For example, the combined effect would be a 54 % increase in runoff, with a -17.2 % decrease due to climate change and 78 % increase due to urbanization. Overall, runoff in the six catchments may be significantly affected by urban expansion. From this study, decision makers could gain a better understanding of the relative importance of the effects of climate and land-use change, which can be applied when developing future long-term water management plans at the catchment scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Helfer
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Bofu Yu
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Australia
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8
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Hu T, Dong J, Hu Y, Qiu S, Yang Z, Zhao Y, Cheng X, Peng J. Stage response of vegetation dynamics to urbanization in megacities: A case study of Changsha City, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159659. [PMID: 36302416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urban vegetation affects urban microclimate and maintains biodiversity, which is vital to the social-ecological system. However, there is a lack of research on quantitatively identifying urbanization stage impact on vegetation dynamics, and the stage difference in the response of vegetation dynamics to urbanization characteristics is not clear. In this study, taking Changsha City as an example, we explored the response of vegetation dynamics to urbanization, and identified the impact stages of urbanization on vegetation dynamics as well as their social-ecological characteristics. The results showed that the vegetation dynamics in Changsha City presented spatial pattern of "increase-decrease-increase" from downtown to outside in the past 20 years. The population density, GDP density and construction land proportion firstly inhibited vegetation growth, and then promoted it, with the turning points of 141.58 million yuan/km2, 1205 person/km2, and 19.80 %, respectively. Then, the urbanization impact on vegetation dynamics was quantitatively divided into three stages according to the vegetation change speed, and in different stages, urbanization impacts on vegetation dynamics were compared. This study illustrated the typical stage feature of the urbanization impact on vegetation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianquan Dong
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi'na Hu
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Sijing Qiu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental and Urban Sciences, School of Urban Planning & Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xueyan Cheng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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9
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Bakhshipour AE, Liu M, Rao Q, Lu Z. Designing coupled LID-GREI urban drainage systems: Resilience assessment and decision-making framework. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155267. [PMID: 35447181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As flooding risks rise in urban areas, research suggests combining low impact development (LID) and grey infrastructure (GREI) in urban drainage systems. Several frameworks have been proposed to plan such coupled systems, but there is not a comprehensive framework to assess their resilience under diverse failure scenarios and sources of uncertainty. This study proposes a framework which considers both technological and operational resilience. Technological resilience has to do with the performance of the system under extreme loads. Operational resilience has to do with the performance and long-term efficiency of the system after structural damage or degradation, using appropriate probability distributions to quantify the likelihood of failures. The proposed framework is based on an optimization and multi-criteria decision-making platform. It improves on previous research, which lacked consideration of uncertainty in resilience over the life span. We also apply the proposed framework to a real-world test case, and find that in a high-density urban area, a coupled system is more cost-effective than GREI alone. Furthermore, decentralized systems with greater flexibility show significantly better technological and operational resilience. The proposed framework can better support decision-making for planning robust and cost-effective urban drainage systems, particularly in highly urbanized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Amin E Bakhshipour
- Civil Engineering, Institute of Urban Water Management, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany.
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qiuyi Rao
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhongming Lu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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10
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How Do Transportation Influencing Factors Affect Air Pollutants from Vehicles in China? Evidence from Threshold Effect. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, China has promoted a series of legal norms to reduce the environmental impact of air pollutants from vehicles. The three main vehicle emission species (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides) contribute significantly to air pollution. In this study, the emission factor method was used to estimate air pollutants from vehicles in 31 provinces from 2006 to 2016. The results show a trend of total vehicle carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) emissions decreasing with time; the vehicle nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission trend is divided into two stages: an upward trend between 2006 and 2012 and a downward trend after 2012. Based on a panel threshold, a regression method was used to divide the vehicle NOx and CO emissions in China into four emission zones: low emissions, medium emissions, high emissions, and extra-high emissions. Vehicle HC emissions were divided into three emission zones, which corresponded to low emissions, medium emissions, and high emissions. Overall, vehicle pollution emission efficiency and per capita GDP have a significant inhibitory effect on the three main air pollutants from vehicles (NOx, HC, CO). Both passenger and freight turnover have significant roles in promoting the three air pollutants from vehicles (NOx, HC, CO). Road density and road carrying capacity have a significant role in promoting vehicle HC and CO emissions. Increasing truck proportion inhibits vehicle CO emissions and promotes vehicle NOx emissions. The urbanization rate has a positive effect on vehicle HC and CO emissions. Moreover, there is obvious heterogeneity in different emission zones of the three air pollutants from vehicles (NOx, HC, CO).
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11
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Liu H, Ding F, Liu Y, Zhang L, Wu D. Solid-liquid partitioning and variation of palladium in rainfall runoff. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2407-2417. [PMID: 34228207 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Palladium (Pd) is most widely used in the production of automotive catalytic converters that serve to reduce toxic emissions from motor vehicles. The aim of this study was to analyze the solid-liquid partitioning and dynamic variation of Pd in rainfall runoff. The results showed that the partition coefficients (K) of Pd ranged from 0.05 to 8.55. Transport via suspended particulate matter as the main carrier was the main form of Pd migration in rainfall runoff. Pd phase distribution exhibited complex dynamic variations. The variation in Pd could be roughly divided into three categories, namely the W, M and N types, and the semi-U type was also observed. Rainfall characteristics and microenvironmental factors had a profound effect on Pd phase distribution in the first flush runoff. Under the influence of multifactor coupling, the impact of water quality parameters such as pH, Eh and Cl- on Pd partitioning was significantly weakened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Fangfang Ding
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
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12
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Nguyen HH, Gericke A, Venohr M. Importance of different imperviousness measures for predicting runoff and nutrient emissions from non-urban and urban land-uses at large spatial coverage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 315:115105. [PMID: 35489187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Growing population and urbanization challenge water resources sustainability and require stringent solutions in terms of emission measurements and pollution controls. Advancements in observation techniques have improved the availability of impervious surface data that cover both urban and non-urban areas to assess the impacts of urbanization. However, most models used in macroscale studies continue to derive surface imperviousness based on land-use classes and population data, and the contributions of non-urban impervious surfaces to runoff and nutrient emissions remain largely ignored. Effects of different impervious surface data on the predicted runoff and nutrient emissions is investigated in this study for macroscale urban and non-urban areas in tandem by means of an extended urban module MONERIS - PCRaster to enable scenarios with high-resolution imperviousness data. The results showed that approximately 70% of the total runoff and nutrient emissions nationwide originated from low-to-medium populated impervious surfaces rather than from major urban catchments. Using high-resolution imperviousness data at various aggregation levels resulted in lower biased outputs of predicted runoff and nutrient emissions when compared to results using the estimated impervious data from land-use and population information. The impervious surface shares between urban and non-urban lands revealed the opposite trends of urbanization developments in the less populated areas versus an increasing contribution of emissions from non-urban areas rather than urban centers in densely populated municipalities. Overall, the non-urban impervious surface areas contributed 5-20% of the "hidden" runoff volumes and nutrient emissions from all impervious areas. The results of this study highlight the need of model adaptations regarding the increased availability of high-resolution imperviousness data and the trend of urbanization development beyond urban areas for more accurate quantification of potential flood risks and emission hotspots of macroscale urbanized areas for sustainable water resources management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hanh Nguyen
- Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Gericke
- Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Venohr
- Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Lei C, Wang Q, Wang Y, Han L, Yuan J, Yang L, Xu Y. Spatially non-stationary relationships between urbanization and the characteristics and storage-regulation capacities of river systems in the Tai Lake Plain, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153684. [PMID: 35134417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Given environmental or hydrological functions influenced by changing river networks in the development of rapid urbanization, a clear understanding of the relationships between comprehensive urbanization (CUB) and river network characteristics (RNC), storage capacity (RSC), and regulation capacity (RRC) is urgently needed. In the rapidly urbanized Tai Lake Plain (TLP), China, various methods and multisource data were integrated to estimate the dynamics of RNC, RSC, and RRC as well as their interactions with urbanization. The bivariate Moran's I methods were applied to detect and visualize the spatial dependency of RNC, RSC, or RRC on urbanization. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was set up to characterize spatial heterogeneity of urbanization influences on RNC, RSC and RRC. Our results indicated that RNC, RSC and RRC variables each showed an overall decreasing trend across space from 1960s to 2010s, particularly in those of tributary rivers. RNC, RSC, or RRC had globally negative correlations with CUB, respectively, but looking at local scale the spatial correlations between each pair were categorized as four types: high-high, high-low, low-low, and low-high. GWR was identified to accurately predict the response of most RNC, RSC, or RRC variables to CUB (R2: 0.6-0.8). The predictive ability of GWR was spatially non-stationary. The obtained relationships presented different directions and strength in space. All variables except for the water surface ratio (Wp) were more positively affected by CUB in the middle eastern parts of TLP. Drainage density, RSC and RRC variables were more negatively influenced by CUB in the northeast compared to other parts. The quantitative results of spatial relationships between urbanization and RNC, RSC or RRC can provide location-specific guidance for river environment protection and regional flood risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaogui Lei
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuefeng Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Longfei Han
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- School of History Culture and Tourism, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Liu Yang
- College of Geography and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Youpeng Xu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Groundwater in Crisis? Addressing Groundwater Challenges in Michigan (USA) as a Template for the Great Lakes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14053008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Groundwater historically has been a critical but understudied, underfunded, and underappreciated natural resource, although recent challenges associated with both groundwater quantity and quality have raised its profile. This is particularly true in the Laurentian Great Lakes (LGL) region, where the rich abundance of surface water results in the perception of an unlimited water supply but limited attention on groundwater resources. As a consequence, groundwater management recommendations in the LGL have been severely constrained by our lack of information. To address this information gap, a virtual summit was held in June 2021 that included invited participants from local, state, and federal government entities, universities, non-governmental organizations, and private firms in the region. Both technical (e.g., hydrologists, geologists, ecologists) and policy experts were included, and participants were assigned to an agricultural, urban, or coastal wetland breakout group in advance, based on their expertise. The overall goals of this groundwater summit were fourfold: (1) inventory the key (grand) challenges facing groundwater in Michigan; (2) identify the knowledge gaps and scientific needs, as well as policy recommendations, associated with these challenges; (3) construct a set of conceptual models that elucidate these challenges; and (4) develop a list of (tractable) next steps that can be taken to address these challenges. Absent this type of information, the sustainability of this critical resource is imperiled.
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15
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Shokri M, Kibler KM, Hagglund C, Corrado A, Wang D, Beazley M, Wanielista M. Hydraulic and nutrient removal performance of vegetated filter strips with engineered infiltration media for treatment of roadway runoff. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113747. [PMID: 34649328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a new strategy for treating excess nutrients in roadway runoff, a self-filtering roadway could be accomplished by including engineered infiltration media within a vegetated filter strip (VFS) located in the roadway shoulder. However, nutrient removal performance will depend on the design to effectively infiltrate roadway runoff and the capacity of subsurface media to sequester or remove nutrients from infiltrated runoff. The objective of this study is to test hydraulic and nutrient removal performance of a roadside VFS over varied rainfall-runoff event sizes and filter widths. Two identical 1:1 scale physical models of roadway shoulders and embankments, one containing engineered media (Treatment model) and the other without (Control model), were tested with simulated rainfall and runoff from 1- and 2-lane roadways. Overall, 32 paired hydraulic experiments and 28 paired nutrient removal experiments were completed to assess performance across frequent and extreme rainfall-runoff events. The results indicate that scalability of performance with filter width varied by parameter. Runoff generation scaled predictably with filter width, as runoff generated close to the pavement and total infiltration increased with filter length. A 6 m-wide VFS containing the engineered media infiltrated all rainfall-runoff except during the most extreme storm events (1-h storms of 76.2 mm and 50.8 mm), where respectively 35% and 22% of rainfall-runoff did not infiltrate and left the system as surface runoff. A majority of phosphorus was retained within a 1.5 m filter while nitrate removal was not observed until 6 m. The Treatment model strongly outperformed the Control model with respect to nitrate (arithmetic mean ± standard deviation of 94 ± 6% reduction vs. 23 ± 64% increase, p < .001) and total nitrogen removal (80 ± 5% vs. 38 ± 23% reduction, p < .001) due to higher rates of microbially-mediated denitrification in the Treatment model. The two models performed comparably with regard to phosphorus reduction (84 ± 9% vs. 82 ± 12% reduction). A minimum 6 m filter width is recommended to ensure sufficient infiltration of runoff and nitrogen removal. Results of this study address uncertainty regarding nutrient removal performance of VFS in urban runoff applications and highlight a potential strategy for standardizing VFS performance across varied soil properties by including engineered media within the filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shokri
- University of Central Florida, Civil, Environmental, And Construction Engineering Dept. 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, Fl, 32816, USA.
| | - Kelly M Kibler
- University of Central Florida, Civil, Environmental, And Construction Engineering Dept. and National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, 12800 Pegasus Drive, Orlando, Fl, 32816, USA.
| | - Christopher Hagglund
- University of Central Florida, Civil, Environmental, And Construction Engineering Dept. 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, Fl, 32816, USA.
| | - Andrew Corrado
- University of Central Florida, Civil, Environmental, And Construction Engineering Dept. 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, Fl, 32816, USA.
| | - Dingbao Wang
- University of Central Florida, Civil, Environmental, And Construction Engineering Dept. 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, Fl, 32816, USA.
| | - Melanie Beazley
- University of Central Florida, Department of Chemistry, Physical Sciences Building 205. 4111 Libra Drive, Orlando, Fl, 32816, USA.
| | - Martin Wanielista
- University of Central Florida, Civil, Environmental, And Construction Engineering Dept. 12800 Pegasus Drive, Orlando, Fl, 32816, USA.
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Li S, Liu Y, Her Y, Chen J, Guo T, Shao G. Improvement of simulating sub-daily hydrological impacts of rainwater harvesting for landscape irrigation with rain barrels/cisterns in the SWAT model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149336. [PMID: 34375258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rain barrels/cisterns, a popular type of low impact development (LID) practice, can restore urban hydrological processes and decrease municipal water use by harvesting roof runoff for later use, such as landscape irrigation. However, tools to assist decision makers in creating efficient rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies are limited. This study improved the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in simulating the subdaily hydrological impacts of rainwater harvesting for landscape irrigation with rain barrels/cisterns, including the simulation of rainwater harvesting with rain barrels/cisterns, rainwater reuse for auto landscape irrigation, evapotranspiration, initial abstraction, impervious area, soil profile, and lawn management operation. The improved SWAT was applied in the urbanized Brentwood watershed (Austin, TX) to evaluate its applicability and investigate the impacts of rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies on the reductions and reduction efficiencies (reductions per volume of rain barrels/cisterns implemented) of field scale runoff (peak and depth) and watershed scale streamflow (peak and volume) for two storm events. Scenarios explored included different sizes of rain barrels/cisterns, percentages of rooftop areas with rain barrels/cisterns implemented, auto landscape irrigation rates, and landscape irrigation starting times. The performance of rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies, which is determined by features of fields, watersheds, and storm events, varied for different reduction goals (streamflow or runoff, and peak or depth/volume). For instance, the scenario with rain barrel/cistern sizes of 7.5 mm (design runoff depth from treated roof area) and the scenario with 10% of suitable area implemented with rain barrels/cisterns provided the highest peak streamflow reduction efficiency and total streamflow volume reduction efficiency at the watershed scale, respectively for the smaller storm event. To achieve sustainable urban stormwater management, the improved SWAT model has enhanced capability to help stakeholders create efficient rainwater harvesting and reuse strategies to reduce field scale runoff and watershed scale streamflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Younggu Her
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering & Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031, USA
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tian Guo
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gang Shao
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, 504 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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17
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Ureta J, Motallebi M, Vassalos M, Alhassan M, Ureta JC. Valuing stakeholder preferences for environmental benefits of stormwater ponds: Evidence from choice experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112828. [PMID: 34062422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With population growth driving urban expansion in many cities in the United States, there is a need for a sustainable way to manage stormwater. Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is considered an innovative way to handle stormwater because of its potential to provide multiple ecosystem services (ES) beyond flooding reduction. However, there is limited research regarding the society's perceived value for GSI practices' co-benefits. This study utilized stated-preference data obtained from a choice experiment in an online survey of 1159 South Carolina (SC) residents to estimate a monetary value for the ES provided by wet detention ponds- the most widely adopted stormwater practice in coastal counties of SC. The benefits examined are flooding reduction, water quality, wildlife habitat, recreation, and scenic beauty. The data were analyzed using a Mixed logit formulation. Considering the differences across the state, the model was estimated separately for five counties. Findings indicate that residents are willing to pay $13.8 to $37.8 annually for a 50% improvement in pollutant removal efficiency of ponds in addition to their current stormwater fee. Also, they are willing to pay $12.5 to $42.9 per year for the nearest pond to have buffer vegetation and wildlife. They are also likely to pay $5 to $22.5 for ponds to contribute to their neighborhood's scenic beauty. Furthermore, the results indicate that respondents from three counties are willing to pay $5.4 to $13.2 for a 50% improvement in flooding reduction, while those from two counties are likely to pay $3.9 to $4.9 for ponds to have recreational benefits. The findings of the study could help stormwater managers in designing their stormwater management programs, especially for better evaluation of stormwater utility fees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Ureta
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Marzieh Motallebi
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC, USA
| | - Michael Vassalos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Mustapha Alhassan
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Water, Environmental, & Ecosystems Division, United States Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - J Carl Ureta
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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18
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Lee HS, Hur J, Shin HS. Dynamic exchange between particulate and dissolved matter following sequential resuspension of particles from an urban watershed under photo-irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117395. [PMID: 34030064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) has long-term effects on water quality compared to dissolved matter (DM) during downstream transfer after inflows into an aquatic environment. In the present study, the characteristics, behavior, and effects of PM from an urban watershed under photo-irradiation were investigated through sequential resuspensions before being compared. Changes in the organic matter content, heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb), spectroscopic indices (SUVA254, slope ratio (SR), humidification index (HIX), fluorescence index (FI), and biological index (BIX)), excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis components (EEM-PARAFAC), and disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP) were analyzed. According to our results, light enhanced the release of organic matter from PM but reduced dissolved heavy metals. The PMU affected by urban-derived pollutants (i.e., rainfall particles, road-deposited sediment, sewer-pipeline-deposited sediment) exhibited higher quantities of terrestrial humic-like organic matter than PMR, which contains base particles from riverines (i.e., soil, sediments). For the PMU, the humic-like fluorescent components (C1 and C2) enhanced under light conditions with every resuspension, whereas the components decreased in the PMR. Consistent with the PARAFAC results, the trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of the PMU was enhanced by approximately 2.8 times more than that of the PMR, and exhibited a high correlation with the fluorescent components (C1, r = 0.81, p < 0.001). The principal component analysis results also confirmed that the characteristics of dynamic exchanges between PM and DM were distinguished by PM sources and light, and the photo-released DM and their spectral characteristics displayed opposite behaviors depending on the PM sources during the sequential resuspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Saem Lee
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea.
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Impact of Land Use Change Due to Urbanisation on Surface Runoff Using GIS-Based SCS–CN Method: A Case Study of Xiamen City, China. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10080839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid urban development results in visible changes in land use due to increase in impervious surfaces from human construction and decrease in pervious areas. Urbanisation influences the hydrological cycle of an area, resulting in less infiltration, higher flood peak, and surface runoff. This study analysed the impact of land use change due to urbanisation on surface runoff, using the geographic information system (GIS)-based soil conservation service curve number (SCS–CN) method, during the period of rapid urban development from 1980 to 2015 in Xiamen, located in south-eastern China. Land use change was analysed from the data obtained by classifying Landsat images from 1980, 1990, 2005, and 2015. Results indicated that farmland decreased the most by 14.01%, while built-up areas increased the most by 15.7%, from 1980 to 2015. Surface runoff was simulated using the GIS-based SCS–CN method for the rainfall return periods of 5, 10, 20, and 50 years. The spatial and temporal variation of runoff was obtained for each land use period. Results indicate that the increase in surface runoff was highest in the period of 1990–2005, with an increase of 10.63%. The effect of urbanisation can be realised from the amount of runoff, contributed by built-up land use type in the study area, that increased from 14.2% to 27.9% with the rise of urban expansion from 1980 to 2015. The relationship between land use and surface runoff showed that the rapid increase in constructed land has significantly influenced the surface runoff of the area. Therefore, the introduction of nature-based solutions such as green infrastructure could be a potential solution for runoff mitigation and reducing urban flood risks in the context of increasing urbanization.
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20
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Nayeb Yazdi M, Sample DJ, Scott D, Wang X, Ketabchy M. The effects of land use characteristics on urban stormwater quality and watershed pollutant loads. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145358. [PMID: 33940725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban developments can result in higher runoff and nutrient loadings transported to downstream receiving waterbodies. While much effort has been made recently in watershed restoration in the U.S., a lack of recent runoff quality data limits the prediction capability of urban watershed models. The objectives of this study was to fill an existing information gap on how rainfall and land uses interact and affect such loadings. This study instrumented six coastal urban catchments, each dominated by a single land use. We measured total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), ortho-P, and nitrate concentrations in runoff from 30 storm events over one year from six urban land uses, namely commercial, industrial, transportation, open space, low density residential, and high density residential. Results indicated that the median event mean concentrations (EMCs) for TSS, TP, and TN were 30 (19-34), 0.31 (0.26-0.31), and 0.94 (0.73-1.25) mg L-1, respectively. TSS EMCs from the open space and industrial land uses were significantly greater than other land uses; there were positive correlations between TN concentrations and imperviousness and between TP concentrations and turf coverage. Both the amount and intensity of rainfall positively influenced TSS concentrations in runoff regardless of land use. Using the collected data, this study developed a generic equation for predicting the loading of a pollutant as a function of rainfall depth. This equation was verified by comparing its predictions with the simulations of a sufficiently-calibrated water quality model in terms of TSS, TP, and TN loadings from various land uses in another coastal catchment for a period of ten years. Average TSS, TN, and TP loadings from the catchment were estimated to be 0.86, 0.03, and 0.01 kg ha-1 cm-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nayeb Yazdi
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States.
| | - David J Sample
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States.
| | - Durelle Scott
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States.
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, United States.
| | - Mehdi Ketabchy
- Roadway Business Line, Gannett Fleming, Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States.
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21
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Nature-Based Solutions for Storm Water Management—Creation of a Green Infrastructure Suitability Map as a Tool for Land-Use Planning at the Municipal Level in the Province of Monza-Brianza (Italy). SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing and uncontrolled urbanization and climate change (with an associated increase in the frequency of intense meteoric events) have led to a rising number of flooding events in urban areas due to the insufficient capacity of conventional drainage systems. Nature-Based Solutions represent a contribution to addressing these problems through the creation of a multifunctional green infrastructure, both in urban areas and in the countryside. The aim of this work was to develop a methodology to define Green Infrastructure for stormwater management at the municipal level. The methodology is defined on the basis of three phases: the definition of the territorial information needed, the production of base maps, and the production of a Suitability Map. In the first phase, we define the information needed for the identification of non-urbanized areas where rainwater can potentially infiltrate, as well as areas with soil characteristics that can exclude or limit rainwater infiltration. In the second phase, we constructed the following base maps: a “map of green areas”, a “map of natural surface infiltration potential” and a “map of exclusion areas”. In phase 3, starting from the base maps created in phase 2 and using Geographical Information Systems’ (GIS) geoprocessing procedures, the “Green area compatibility map to realize Green Infrastructure”, the “map of areas not suitable for infiltration” and the final “Green Infrastructure Suitability Map” are created. This methodology should help municipal authorities to set up Green Infrastructure Suitability Maps as a tool for land-use planning.
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22
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Rezaei AR, Ismail Z, Niksokhan MH, Dayarian MA, Ramli AH, Yusoff S. Optimal implementation of low impact development for urban stormwater quantity and quality control using multi-objective optimization. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:241. [PMID: 33791871 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater runoff is a major concern in urban areas which is mostly the result of vast urbanization. To reduce urban stormwater runoff and improve water quality, low impact development (LID) is used in urban areas. Therefore, it is vital to find the optimal combination of LID controls to achieve maximum reduction in both stormwater runoff and pollutants with optimal cost. In this study, a simulation-optimization model was developed by linking the EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) using MATLAB. The coupled model could carry out multi-objective optimization (MOO) and find potential solutions to the optimization objectives using the SWMM simulation model outputs. The SWMM model was developed using data from the BUNUS catchment in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The total suspended solids (TSS) and total nitrogen (TN) were selected as pollutants to be used in the simulation model. Vegetated swale and rain garden were selected as LID controls for the study area. The LID controls were assigned to the model using the catchment characteristics. The target objectives were to minimize peak stormwater runoff, TSS, and TN with the minimum number of LID controls applications. The LID combination scenarios were also tested in SWMM to identify the best LID types and combination to achieve maximum reduction in both peak runoff and pollutants. This study found that the peak runoff, TSS, and TN were reduced by 13%, 38%, and 24%, respectively. The optimal number of LID controls that could be used at the BUNUS catchment area was also found to be 25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Razaq Rezaei
- Water Resources Engineering, Civil Engineering, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zubaidah Ismail
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | | | - Abu Hanipah Ramli
- Department of Irrigation & Drainage (DID), 50626, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sumiani Yusoff
- Director Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, C308, Level 3, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lee HS, Lim BR, Hur J, Kim HS, Shin HS. Combined dual-size foam glass media filtration process with micro-flocculation for simultaneous removal of particulate and dissolved contaminants in urban road runoff. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111475. [PMID: 33059326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a combined media filtration process with micro-flocculation (CMF) was developed, to simultaneously treat particulate and dissolved contaminants in urban road runoff. Dual-size foam glass media with stone and sand layers were applied and the efficiency of road runoff treatment was investigated according to filtration and micro-flocculation under various experimental conditions (stone/sand layer ratio, linear velocity, and coagulant types). Moreover, the removal efficiencies of suspended solids (SS), phosphorus, organic carbon, and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) by CMF were evaluated. The removal rate of SS was maintained to be above 84.1% for 1 h filtration by the dual-size foam glass, regardless of increasing pressure. The removal of phosphorus by micro-flocculation was more suitable in alum than ferric due to a higher initial floc growth rate and an increased particle size. The performance of the CMF was significantly improved over media filtration only process (MF) in removing both particulate and dissolved contaminants. The removal efficiency of all particulate pollutants by CMF was found to be more than 90%, and notably, the dissolved phosphorus, which was mostly not removed by MF, was also removed by 97.4%. Meanwhile, the backwash efficiency of CMF was half that of MF. Physical removal mechanisms, such as internal diffusion, dominated MF, whereas chemical removal mechanisms, such as adsorption and surface precipitation, dominated CMF. These results show the potential of the CMF process for the treatment of urban road runoff and identify the removal mechanisms of the filtration process that use micro-flocculation with dual-size foam glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Saem Lee
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Byung-Ran Lim
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hee-Seo Kim
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 01811, South Korea.
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Quantifying the Landscape’s Ecological Benefits—An Analysis of the Effect of Land Cover Change on Ecosystem Services. LAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/land10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing pressure from land cover change exacerbates the negative effect on ecosystems and ecosystem services (ES). One approach to inform holistic and sustainable management is to quantify the ES provided by the landscape. Using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model, this study quantified the sediment retention capacity and water yield potential of different land cover in the Santee River Basin Network in South Carolina, USA. Results showed that vegetated areas provided the highest sediment retention capacity and lowest water yield potential. Also, the simulations demonstrated that keeping the offseason crop areas vegetated by planting cover crops improves the monthly ES provision of the landscape. Retaining the soil within the land area prevents possible contamination and siltation of rivers and streams. On the other hand, low water yield potential translates to low occurrence of surface runoff, which indicates better soil erosion control, regulated soil nutrient absorption and gradual infiltration. The results of this study can be used for landscape sustainability management to assess the possible tradeoffs between ecological conservation and economic development. Furthermore, the generated map of ES can be used to pinpoint the areas where ES are best provided within the landscape.
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Assessing the Effectiveness and Cost Efficiency of Green Infrastructure Practices on Surface Runoff Reduction at an Urban Watershed in China. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the assessment of green infrastructure (GI) practice implementation effect and cost efficiency on an urban watershed scale helps the GI practice selection and investment decisions for sponge city construction in China. However, few studies have been conducted for these topics at present. In this study, the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment—Low Impact Development (L-THIA-LID) 2.1 model was applied to assess the effectiveness and cost efficiency of GI practices on surface runoff volume reduction in an urban watershed—the Hexi watershed, Nanjing City, China. Grassed swales, bioretentions, green roofs, rain cisterns, permeable pavements, wet ponds, dry ponds, and wetlands were chosen as potential GI practices for sponge city construction based on feasibility analysis. Results showed that grassed swales were the most cost-effective practice (0.7 CNY/m3/yr), but the total implementation effect of grassed swales was not obvious due to the small area of suitable locations. Permeable pavements performed best on runoff reduction, but the cost efficiency was much lower. Correspondingly, bioretentions were compromise practices. Green roofs were the least cost-effective practices, with the cost efficiency at 122.3 CNY/m3/yr, but it was much lower for rain cisterns, which were 3.2 CNY/m3/yr. Wet ponds, dry ponds, and wetlands were potential practices implemented in development areas, of which dry ponds were the most cost-effective (2.7 CNY/m3/yr), followed by wet ponds (10.9 CNY/m3/yr). The annual runoff volume of the total area could be reduced by up to 47.01% by implementing GI practices in buildup areas. Rain cisterns (RC) and permeable pavements (PP) were the best combination for this area, and bioretentions (BR) and green roofs (GR) followed. Grassed swales (GS1), dry ponds (DP), wet ponds (WP), and wetlands (WL) were not wise choices due to the small suitable location areas. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of the L-THIA-LID 2.1 model for the evaluation of GI practice implementation effects and cost efficiency on urban runoff in sponge city construction in China.
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Wang Z, Shen Q, Hua P, Jiang S, Li R, Li Y, Fan G, Zhang J, Krebs P. Characterizing the anthropogenic-induced trace elements in an urban aquatic environment: A source apportionment and risk assessment with uncertainty consideration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 275:111288. [PMID: 32866925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of water quality status, especially in water bodies near intensively urbanized areas, is tightly associated with patterns of human activities. For establishing a robust assessment of the sediment quality in an urban aquatic environment, the source apportionment and risk assessment of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in sediments from an anthropogenic-influenced lake were carried out with considering uncertainties from the analysis methods, random errors in the sample population and the spatial sediment heterogeneity. The distribution analysis of the trace metals with inverse distance weighting-determined method showed that the pollutants were concentrated in the middle and southern areas of the lake. According to the self-organizing map and constrained positive matrix factorization receptor model, agricultural sources (24.8%), industrial and vehicular sources (42.5%), and geogenic natural sources (32.7%) were the primary contributors to the given metals. The geogenic natural had the largest random errors, but the overall result was reliable according to the uncertainty analysis. Furthermore, the stochastic contamination and ecological risk models identified a moderate/considerable contamination level and a moderate ecological risk to the urban aquatic ecosystem. With consideration of uncertainties from the spatial heterogeneity, the contamination level of Hg, and the ecological risk of Cd in had a 20-30% probability of the increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Qiushi Shen
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Lake Research, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Magdeburg, 39114, Germany; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; East Africa Great Lakes and Urban Ecosystem Joint Research Station, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box, 9750, Tanzania
| | - Pei Hua
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ruifei Li
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yunben Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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Hussain S, Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Akram W, Hammad HM, Ali M, Masood N, Amin A, Farid HU, Sultana SR, Fahad S, Wang D, Nasim W. Using GIS tools to detect the land use/land cover changes during forty years in Lodhran District of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39676-39692. [PMID: 31385244 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Land use/land cover (LULC) change has serious implications for environment as LULC is directly related to land degradation over a period of time and results in many changes in the environment. Monitoring the locations and distributions of LULC changes is important for establishing links between regulatory actions, policy decisions, and subsequent LULC activities. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has the potential ability to identify the vegetation features of various eco-regions and provides valuable information as a remote sensing tool in studying vegetation phenology cycles. Similarly, the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) may be used for quoting built-up land. This study aims to detect the pattern of LULC, NDBI, and NDVI change in Lodhran district, Pakistan, from the Landsat images taken over 40 years, considering four major LULC types as follows: water bodies, built-up area, bare soil, and vegetation. Supervised classification was applied to detect LULC changes observed over Lodhran district as it explains the maximum likelihood algorithm in software ERDAS imagine 15. Most farmers (46.6%) perceived that there have been extreme changes of onset of temperature, planting season, and less precipitation amount in Lodhran district in the last few years. In 2017, building areas increased (4.3%) as compared to 1977. NDVI values for Lodhran district were highest in 1977 (up to + 0.86) and lowest in 1997 (up to - 0.33). Overall accuracy for classification was 86% for 1977, 85% for 1987, 86% for 1997, 88% for 2007, and 95% for 2017. LULC change with soil types, temperature, and NDVI, NDBI, and slope classes was common in the study area, and the conversions of bare soil into vegetation area and built-up area were major changes in the past 40 years in Lodhran district. Lodhran district faces rising temperatures, less irrigation water, and low rainfall. Farmers are aware of these climatic changes and are adapting strategies to cope with the effects but require support from government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- US-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Akram
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Masood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Asad Amin
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Hafiz Umar Farid
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Refat Sultana
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Depeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
- CIHEAM-Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (IAMM), 3191 route de Mende, Montpellier, France.
- National Research Flagship, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Towoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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Walton WE, Mai K, Nguyen A, Tse R. Evaluation of Two Management Strategies for Harvested Emergent Vegetation on Immature Mosquito Abundance and Water Quality. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2020; 36:139-151. [PMID: 33600584 DOI: 10.2987/20-6913.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emergent macrophytes play critical roles in water treatment processes of free-water surface constructed treatment wetlands. Management strategies for plant biomass affect wetland function and mosquito populations. Sinking of harvested macrophyte biomass is thought to provide organic carbon that enhances denitrifying bacteria important for nutrient removal while concomitantly reducing harborage for mosquitoes. The effects of sinking versus floating dried plant biomass (California bulrush [Schoenoplectus californicus]) on immature mosquito abundance and water quality (nutrient levels, oxygen demand, and physicochemical variables) were examined in mesocosms (28-m2 ponds or 1.4-m2 wading pools) under different flow regimes in 4 studies. The numbers of mosquito larvae in earthen ponds with floating vegetation were greater than in ponds with sunken vegetation on most dates but did not differ significantly between the 2 vegetation treatments in experiments using wading pools. Differences of the abundance of Anopheles larvae between the 2 vegetation management treatments were larger than for Culex larvae when naturally occurring larval mosquito predators were present. At high turnover rates (>2 pond volumes/day), water quality did not differ significantly between the vegetation management treatments and the water supply. At low turnover rates (approximately 2-6% of water volume/day), water quality differed significantly between the 2 vegetation management treatments and the water supply. Sinking vegetation can enhance the effectiveness of mosquito control but, depending on water management practices, may raise the concentrations of water quality constituents in discharges that are regulated under the Clean Water Act.
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29
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Bulti DT, Abebe BG. Analyzing the impacts of urbanization on runoff characteristics in Adama city, Ethiopia. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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30
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Sustaining What Is Unsustainable: A Review of Urban Sprawl and Urban Socio-Environmental Policies in North America and Western Europe. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban sprawl and its economic, social, and environmental consequences are central issues for approaching more sustainable forms of life and production. This review provides a broad theoretical exploration of the main features of urban sprawl but also of sustainable urban policies in Western Europe and North America. Urban sprawl can be observed in both continents, as the search for higher standards of economic, social, and environmental sustainability is also an essential feature of urban governance in the last years. Urban sprawl has been slightly weaker in Western Europe, as its are cities generally more compact. Moreover, in Western Europe, urban sprawl has sometimes been confronted with ex-ante preventive policies. However, in North America, urban sprawl from the 1950s has been an essential element of the social ordering and, thus, of the American way of life. In both cases, urban sprawl has generated successive rounds of accumulation of built capital, which is currently managed in sustainable ways essentially through ex-post and palliative measures, that is, trying to “sustain what is unsustainable”. In other words, the idea is to make urban sprawl more sustainable but without altering its main morphological elements.
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Allan RP, Barlow M, Byrne MP, Cherchi A, Douville H, Fowler HJ, Gan TY, Pendergrass AG, Rosenfeld D, Swann ALS, Wilcox LJ, Zolina O. Advances in understanding large-scale responses of the water cycle to climate change. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1472:49-75. [PMID: 32246848 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Globally, thermodynamics explains an increase in atmospheric water vapor with warming of around 7%/°C near to the surface. In contrast, global precipitation and evaporation are constrained by the Earth's energy balance to increase at ∼2-3%/°C. However, this rate of increase is suppressed by rapid atmospheric adjustments in response to greenhouse gases and absorbing aerosols that directly alter the atmospheric energy budget. Rapid adjustments to forcings, cooling effects from scattering aerosol, and observational uncertainty can explain why observed global precipitation responses are currently difficult to detect but are expected to emerge and accelerate as warming increases and aerosol forcing diminishes. Precipitation increases with warming are expected to be smaller over land than ocean due to limitations on moisture convergence, exacerbated by feedbacks and affected by rapid adjustments. Thermodynamic increases in atmospheric moisture fluxes amplify wet and dry events, driving an intensification of precipitation extremes. The rate of intensification can deviate from a simple thermodynamic response due to in-storm and larger-scale feedback processes, while changes in large-scale dynamics and catchment characteristics further modulate the frequency of flooding in response to precipitation increases. Changes in atmospheric circulation in response to radiative forcing and evolving surface temperature patterns are capable of dominating water cycle changes in some regions. Moreover, the direct impact of human activities on the water cycle through water abstraction, irrigation, and land use change is already a significant component of regional water cycle change and is expected to further increase in importance as water demand grows with global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Allan
- Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Barlow
- Department of Environmental Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P Byrne
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.,Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Cherchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sezione di Bologna, INGV, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hervé Douville
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hayley J Fowler
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thian Y Gan
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Rosenfeld
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Laura J Wilcox
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Zolina
- L'Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, L'Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Wang Y, Xie X, Liang S, Zhu B, Yao Y, Meng S, Lu C. Quantifying the response of potential flooding risk to urban growth in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135868. [PMID: 31818567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global urban growth leads to a great increase in the impervious surface area (ISA) such as roads, plazas, airports, and parking lots, and consequently reshapes hydrological regimes in urban basins. Beijing, the capital of China, has experienced rapid urban growth since the 1980s. However, the spatial-temporal variability of the ISA and its impact on flooding risk are unclear. This study monitored urban growth (i.e., the evolution of the ISA) in Beijing for the period of 1980-2015 based on Landsat data, and identified the response of surface runoff yield using a land-surface hydrological model. The modeling at a relatively high spatial resolution (~6 km) was driven with retrieved long-term ISA dynamics, Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) product, and climate forcings. The results show that the impervious surface fraction (ISF) in Beijing increased from 8.73% (1448.16 km2) in 1980 to 22.22% (3685.92 km2) in 2015. With a demarcation at around the year 2000, the ISA growth presents a new pattern with a northeast-southwest direction from the Core Functional Zone (Core-Zone). Due to the ISA expansion, the simulated runoff coefficient in 2010 is approximately doubled compared to that of 1980. We identified an ISF threshold of approximately 6%, beyond which every 1% increase in the ISF may increase the surface runoff by approximately 5.51 mm/year, and thereby poses a high potential flooding risk even under a moderate rainfall event. In four typical historical storms, the sensitivity coefficients of surface runoff to precipitation and ISF were 0.97 and 0.63, respectively, indicating impervious surfaces dramatically enhanced the potential flooding risk. Our findings have implications for urban planning and the construction of sponge city in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xianhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Shunlin Liang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Bowen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shanshan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chuiyu Lu
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 100038, China
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A Comparison of Streamflow and Baseflow Responses to Land-Use Change and the Variation in Climate Parameters Using SWAT. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of land use and climate change are among the main variables affecting watershed hydrology. Characterizing the impacts of climate variation and land use alteration on water resources is essential in managing watersheds. Thus, in this research, streamflow and baseflow responses to climate and land use variation were modeled in two watersheds, the Upper West Branch DuPage River (UWBDR) watershed in Illinois and Walzem Creek watershed in Texas. The variations in streamflow and baseflow were evaluated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. The alteration in land use between 1992 and 2011 was evaluated using transition matrix analysis. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall test was adopted to investigate changes in meteorological data for 1980–2017. Our results indicate that the baseflow accounted for almost 55.3% and 33.3% of the annual streamflow in the UWBDR and Walzem Creek watersheds, respectively. The contribution of both land use alteration and climate variability on the flow variation is higher in the UWBDR watershed. In Walzem Creek, the alteration in streamflow and baseflow appears to be driven by the effect of urbanization more than that of climate variability. The results reported herein are compared with results reported in recent work by the authors in order to provide necessary information for water resources management planning, as well as soil and water conservation, and to broaden the current understanding of hydrological components variation in different climate regions.
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Liu Y, Guo T, Wang R, Engel BA, Flanagan DC, Li S, Pijanowski BC, Collingsworth PD, Lee JG, Wallace CW. A SWAT-based optimization tool for obtaining cost-effective strategies for agricultural conservation practice implementation at watershed scales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:685-696. [PMID: 31325867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To address the harmful algal blooms problem in Lake Erie, one solution is to determine the most cost-effective strategies for implementing agricultural best management practices (BMPs) in the Maumee River watershed. An optimization tool, which combines multi-objective optimization algorithms, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), and a computational efficient framework, was created to optimally identify agricultural BMPs at watershed scales. The optimization tool was demonstrated in the Matson Ditch watershed, an agricultural watershed in the Maumee River basin considering critical areas (25% of the watershed with the greatest pollutant loadings per area) and the entire watershed. The initial implementation of BMPs with low expenditures greatly reduced pollutant loadings; beyond certain levels of pollutant reductions, additional expenditures resulted in less significant reductions in pollutant loadings. Compared to optimization for the entire watershed, optimization in critical areas can greatly reduce computational time and obtain similar optimization results for initial reductions in pollutant loadings, which were 10% for Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus (DRP) and 38% for Total Phosphorus (TP); however, for greater reductions in pollutant loadings, critical area optimization was less cost-effective. With the target of simultaneously reducing March-July DRP/TP losses by 40%, the optimized scenario that reduced DRP losses by 40% was found to reduce 51.1% of TP; however, the optimized scenario that reduced TP losses by 40% can only decrease 11.3% of DRP. The optimization tool can help stakeholders identify optimal types, quantities, and spatial locations of BMPs that can maximize reductions in pollutant loadings with the lowest BMP costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Tian Guo
- National Center for Water Quality Research, Heidelberg University, 310 E Market Street, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Dennis C Flanagan
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 275 South Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Bryan C Pijanowski
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Paris D Collingsworth
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program, 77 West Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL 60604, USA
| | - John G Lee
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, 403 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Carlington W Wallace
- Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin (ICPRB), 30 West Gude Drive, Suite 450, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Al-Ruzouq R, Yilmaz AG, Shanableh A, Boharoun ZA, Khalil MA, Imteaz MA. Spatio-temporal analysis of urban growth and its impact on floods in Ajman City, UAE. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:656. [PMID: 31630270 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The negative consequences of urbanisation have been recently recognised despite the social and economic benefits it provides to the community. Effects of urbanisation include increases in surface runoff, frequency and magnitude of floods and urban water harvesting capacity. Accordingly, this study utilised multi-spectral and multi-resolution satellite images combined with field data to conduct a quantitative assessment of the impact of urbanisation on urban flooding for the period of 1975-2015 in Ajman City, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results showed that urban areas in the city have increased by approximately 12-fold over the period 1975-2015, whilst the population increased by approximately 16-fold. Owing to a substantial increase in urbanisation (as impervious areas expanded), minimum precipitation to generate runoff in built areas dropped from approximately 16.37 mm in 1975 to approximately 13.3 mm in 2015, which caused a substantial increase in the surface runoff. To visualise the flooding potential, urban flooding maps were generated using a well-established decision analysis technique called Analytical Hierarchy Process. The latter adopted three thematic factors, namely excess rain, elevation and slope. Flooding potential was then found to have increased substantially, specifically in the downtown area. Finally, this study is expected to contribute highly to flood protection and sustainable urban storm water management in Ajman City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Al-Ruzouq
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdullah Gokhan Yilmaz
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohamad Ali Khalil
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Monzur Alam Imteaz
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, 3122, Australia
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Fairbrother A, Muir D, Solomon KR, Ankley GT, Rudd MA, Boxall AB, Apell JN, Armbrust KL, Blalock BJ, Bowman SR, Campbell LM, Cobb GP, Connors KA, Dreier DA, Evans MS, Henry CJ, Hoke RA, Houde M, Klaine SJ, Klaper RD, Kullik SA, Lanno RP, Meyer C, Ottinger MA, Oziolor E, Petersen EJ, Poynton HC, Rice PJ, Rodriguez‐Fuentes G, Samel A, Shaw JR, Steevens JA, Verslycke TA, Vidal‐Dorsch DE, Weir SM, Wilson P, Brooks BW. Toward Sustainable Environmental Quality: Priority Research Questions for North America. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1606-1624. [PMID: 31361364 PMCID: PMC6852658 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Anticipating, identifying, and prioritizing strategic needs represent essential activities by research organizations. Decided benefits emerge when these pursuits engage globally important environment and health goals, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To this end, horizon scanning efforts can facilitate identification of specific research needs to address grand challenges. We report and discuss 40 priority research questions following engagement of scientists and engineers in North America. These timely questions identify the importance of stimulating innovation and developing new methods, tools, and concepts in environmental chemistry and toxicology to improve assessment and management of chemical contaminants and other diverse environmental stressors. Grand challenges to achieving sustainable management of the environment are becoming increasingly complex and structured by global megatrends, which collectively challenge existing sustainable environmental quality efforts. Transdisciplinary, systems-based approaches will be required to define and avoid adverse biological effects across temporal and spatial gradients. Similarly, coordinated research activities among organizations within and among countries are necessary to address the priority research needs reported here. Acquiring answers to these 40 research questions will not be trivial, but doing so promises to advance sustainable environmental quality in the 21st century. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1606-1624. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington ONCanada
| | - Keith R. Solomon
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Guelph, GuelphOntarioCanada
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer N. Apell
- Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology, CambridgeMAUSA
| | - Kevin L. Armbrust
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast and EnvironmentLouisiana State University, Baton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Bonnie J. Blalock
- School for the EnvironmentUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sarah R. Bowman
- Michigan Department of Environmental QualityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Linda M. Campbell
- Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, HalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - George P. Cobb
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | | | - David A. Dreier
- Center for Environmental & Human ToxicologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marlene S. Evans
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington ONCanada
| | | | | | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington ONCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Elias Oziolor
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Helen C. Poynton
- School for the EnvironmentUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pamela J. Rice
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceWashington, DC
| | | | | | - Joseph R. Shaw
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Scott M. Weir
- Queen's University of CharlotteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Bryan W. Brooks
- Procter and GambleCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments/Soils of the Rapidly Urbanized Lower Reaches of the River Chaohu, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132302. [PMID: 31261819 PMCID: PMC6651651 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly teratogenic, persistent carcinogens, and ubiquitous environmental pollutants. To determine the impact of rapid urbanization on sediment/soil PAHs, we collected 30 cm soil cores in ditch wetlands, riverine wetlands, and agricultural lands along the lower reaches of the Shiwuli River feeding Chaohu Lake, China. Ecological risk effects were evaluated by two models based upon Benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalency (TEQ-BaP) and total toxic units (TUs). The presence of PAHs, such as BbF, BkF, InP, and BgP, that are known pollutants of concern, suggests certain ecological risks. The concentration of PAHs in the surface layer followed in the order of: ditch wetlands (617.2 ng/g average), riverine wetlands (282.1 ng/g average), agricultural lands (103.7 ng/g average). PAHs in ditch sediments were vertically distributed evenly, and PAHs in agricultural soils were concentrated in the surface soil. In riverine wetland sediments, the 2-, 3-, and 4-ring PAHs had a uniform distribution, whereas the 5- and 6-ring PAHs were concentrated in the surface soil. Redundancy analysis (RDA) explored the correlation between the environmental properties and the occurrence of PAHs. Total organic carbon (p = 0.010), percent clay (p = 0.020), and distance (p = 0.020) were the primary factors in ditch wetlands. Depth (p = 0.010) and distance (p = 0.006) were the main factors in agricultural lands. There were no significant correlations in riverine wetlands. The correlation between the distance from the built-up urban areas and pollutant concentration showed that the closer the distance, the greater the concentration of PAHs.
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Assessment of the Impacts of Land Use/Cover Change and Rainfall Change on Surface Runoff in China. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11133535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of the impacts of land use/cover change (LUCC) and rainfall change on surface runoff depth can help provide an understanding of the temporal trend of variation of surface runoff and assist in urban construction planning. This study evaluated the impacts of LUCC and rainfall change on surface runoff depth by adopting the well-known Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method and the widely used Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model. National hydrologic soil group map of China was generated based on a conversion from soil texture classification system. The CN values were adjusted based on the land use/cover types and soil properties in China. The L-THIA model was configured by using the adjusted CN values and then applied nationally in China. Results show that nationwide rainfall changes and LUCC from 2005 to 2010 had little impact on the distribution of surface runoff, and the high values of runoff depth were mainly located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Nationally, the average annual runoff depths in 2005, 2010 and 2015 were 78 mm, 83 mm and 90 mm, respectively. For the 2015 land use data, rainfall change caused the variation of surface runoff depth ranging from −203 mm to 476 mm in different regions. LUCC from 2005 to 2015 did not cause obvious change of surface runoff depth, but expansion of developed land led to runoff depth increases ranging from 0 mm to 570 mm and 0 mm to 742 mm from 2005 to 2010 and 2010 to 2015, respectively. Potential solutions to urban land use change and surface runoff control were also analyzed.
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Wang R, Yuan Y, Yen H, Grieneisen M, Arnold J, Wang D, Wang C, Zhang M. A review of pesticide fate and transport simulation at watershed level using SWAT: Current status and research concerns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:512-526. [PMID: 30884273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The application of pesticides in agriculture is a widely-used way to alleviate pest stresses. However, it also introduces various environmental concerns due to the offsite movement of pesticide residues towards receiving water bodies. While the application of process-based modeling approaches can provide quantitative information on pesticide exposure, there are nonetheless growing requirements for model development and improvement to better represent various hydrological and physico-chemical conditions at watershed scale, and for better model integration to address environmental, ecological and economic concerns. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is an ecohydrological model used in over 3000 published studies, including about 50 for simulating pesticide fate and transport at the watershed scale. To better understand its strengths and limitations, we conducted a rigorous review of published studies that have used SWAT for pesticide modeling. This review provides recommendations for improving the interior algorithms (fate simulation, pathway representation, transport/pollution control, and other hydrological related improvement) to better represent natural conditions, and for further extension of pesticide exposure modeling using SWAT by linking it with other models or management tools to effectively address the various concerns of environmental researchers and local decision makers. Going beyond past studies, we also recommend future improvement to fill research gaps in developing modularized field level simulation, improved BMPs, new in-pond and in-stream modules, and the incorporation of soft data. Our review pointed out a new insight of pesticide fate and transport modeling at watershed level, which should be seen as steps leading to the direction for model development, as well as better addressing management concerns of local stakeholders for model implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Yongping Yuan
- USEPA/ORD/NERL, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Haw Yen
- Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX 76502, United States
| | - Michael Grieneisen
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jeffrey Arnold
- Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX 76502, United States
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pesticide Regulation, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA 95812, USA
| | - Chaozi Wang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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Chen J, Liu Y, Gitau MW, Engel BA, Flanagan DC, Harbor JM. Evaluation of the effectiveness of green infrastructure on hydrology and water quality in a combined sewer overflow community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:69-79. [PMID: 30772580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the effectiveness of green infrastructure (GI) practices on improving site hydrology and water quality and their associated cost could provide valuable information for decision makers when creating development/re-development strategies. In this study, a watershed scale rainfall-runoff model (the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Analysis - Low Impact Development model, the L-THIA-LID 2.1 model) was enhanced to improve its simulation of urban water management practices including GI practices. The enhanced model (L-THIA-LID 2.2) is capable of: simulating in more detail impervious surfaces including sidewalks, roads, driveways, and parking lots; conducting cost calculations for converting these impervious surfaces to porous pavements; and, selecting suitable areas for bioretention in the study area. The effectiveness of GI practices on improving hydrology and water quality in a combined sewer overflow urban watershed-the Darst Sewershed in the City of Peoria, IL-was examined in eleven simulation scenarios using 8 practices. The total cost and the cost effectiveness for each scenario considering a 20-year practice lifetime were calculated. Results showed: combined implementation of GI practices performed better than applying individual practices alone; adoption levels and combinations of GI practices could potentially reduce runoff volume by 0.2-23.5%, TSS by 0.18-30.8%, TN by 0.2-27.9%, and TP by 0.2 to 28.1%; adding more practices did not necessarily achieve substantial runoff and pollutant reductions based on site characteristics; the most cost-effective scenario out of eleven considered had an associated cost of $9.21 to achieve 1 m3 runoff reduction per year and $119 to achieve 1 kg TSS reduction per year assuming residents' cooperation in implementing GI practices on their properties; adoption of GI practices on all possible areas could potentially achieve the greatest runoff and pollutant reduction, but would not be the most cost-effective option. This enhanced model can be applied to different locations to support assessing the beneficial uses of GI practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Chen
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Margaret W Gitau
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dennis C Flanagan
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan M Harbor
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Calderon MR, Almeida CA, González P, Jofré MB. Influence of water quality and habitat conditions on amphibian community metrics in rivers affected by urban activity. Urban Ecosyst 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-019-00862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Impacts of Climate Change and Urban Expansion on Hydrologic Ecosystem Services in the Milwaukee River Basin. CLIMATE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cli7040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Land use/land cover (LULC) and climate changes could affect water quantity and quality and thus hydrologic ecosystem services (ES). However, studies of these impacts on hydrologic ES are limited by the current methods and techniques. We attempted to find out how the LULC and climate changes impact hydrologic ES at different temporal scales so that decision-makers can easily understand hydrologic ES variations for guiding management plans. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of LULC and climate changes on hydrologic ES in the Milwaukee River basin, USA with a conceptual modeling framework for hydrologic ES. The model framework was applied to a series of climate and urban expansion scenarios. Two hydrologic responses (streamflow and sediment) and three hydrologic ES (water provision index (WPI), flood regulation index (FRI), and sediment regulation index (SRI)) were calculated. Major findings include: (1) Climate change has much larger impacts than LULC at the monthly scale. For example, the impacts of climate change on streamflow were −6 to 9 m3/s whereas those of LULC change were −0.4 to 0.2 m3/s. Also, WPI (ranging from 0 to 1) changed between −0.16 and 0.07 with climate change but between −0.02 and −0.001 with LULC changes. (2) Compared to changes at the annual scale, the results show much larger variabilities as monthly time-series and mean monthly numbers. These findings suggest that the climate change weighs more than the realistic LULC change in term of impacts on hydrologic ES and those impacts can be identified with results at the monthly temporal scale. This approach with the framework and scenarios can better support management planning for decision-makers with detailed results and temporal precision.
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Li F, Liu Y, Engel BA, Chen J, Sun H. Green infrastructure practices simulation of the impacts of land use on surface runoff: Case study in Ecorse River watershed, Michigan. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:603-611. [PMID: 30597354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As an urban fringe district, the Ecorse River watershed is faced with increased impervious area caused by urban expansion. Effects of Green Infrastructure (GI) practice implementation were simulated with the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment-Low Impact Development 2.1 model (L-THIA-LID 2.1). Suitable locations of each GI practice were identified, based on construction condition requirements and demand on GI practices in the study area. Using the data of 2011, various GI practice combination scenarios were explored according to the cost-efficiency of each GI practice. GI practice implementation scenarios in 2050 were also simulated based on projected land use and rainfall data. Results show that grassed swales, rain barrels (residential areas) and dry ponds were the top three most cost-efficient GI practices, with the cost at $1.5/m³/yr, $3.0/m³/yr and $3.4/m³/yr, respectively. Green roofs with rain cisterns (industrial and commercial area) were the most expensive GI practices, with the cost at $92.9/m³/yr. With the increase of investment in GI practices, the changing curves of the annual runoff volume, Total Nitrogen (TN) load and Total Phosphorus (TP) load reduction ratios match the law of diminishing marginal utility. The scenario with grassed swales, rain barrels, dry ponds and porous pavement would be the most cost-efficient scenario for runoff water quantity reduction. In addition, the scenario with additional wet ponds would be the most cost-efficient one for TN load and TP load reduction. GI practices in each scenario for expected 2050 conditions show better effectiveness on water quantity and quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Li
- College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yaoze Liu
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hua Sun
- College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China.
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Abstract
Ecosystem services (ES) help people understand and deal with current environmental situations and problems, and ES-related research has been increasing recently. However, the quantitative evaluations of ES that can be easily understood by decision makers are still in development. Specifically, new methods are needed for hydrologic ES with the requirements of spatially and temporally explicit specification of parameters related to climate, geology, land cover, soil, and topography. This paper presents a conceptual modeling framework that aims to convert hydrologic information to hydrologic ES in fine temporal resolutions by developing a conceptual connection of three modules: data development, hydrologic and ES modeling, and results analysis. Then, the framework was applied to a study basin to demonstrate the importance of hydrologic ES in fine temporal resolutions. Results of water provision ES, flood control ES, and sediment regulation ES were produced at fine temporal resolutions in the framework, which indicates that more timely and relevant policy suggestions can be provided to decision makers. The framework and the methodology are applicable for watersheds of varied sizes and can serve as a template for future coupling of different environmental models.
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Schifman LA, Tryby ME, Berner J, Shuster WD. Managing Uncertainty in Runoff Estimation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Stormwater Calculator. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION 2019; 54:148-159. [PMID: 31631958 PMCID: PMC6800719 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Stormwater Calculator (NSWC) simplifies the task of estimating runoff through a straightforward simulation process based on the EPA Stormwater Management Model. The NSWC accesses localized climate and soil hydrology data, and options to experiment with low-impact development (LID) features for parcels up to 5 ha in size. We discuss how the NSWC treats the urban hydrologic cycle and focus on the estimation uncertainty in soil hydrology and its impact on runoff simulation by comparing field-measured soil hydrologic data from 12 cities to corresponding NSWC estimates in three case studies. The default NSWC hydraulic conductivity is 10.1 mm/h, which underestimates conductivity measurements for New Orleans, Louisiana (95 ± 27 mm/h) and overestimates that for Omaha, Nebraska (3.0 ± 1.0 mm/h). Across all cities, the NSWC prediction, on average, underestimated hydraulic conductivity by 10.5 mm/h compared to corresponding measured values. In evaluating how LID interact with soil hydrology and runoff response, we found direct hydrologic interaction with pre-existing soil shows high sensitivity in runoff prediction, whereas LID isolated from soils show less impact. Simulations with LID on higher permeability soils indicate that nearly all of pre-LID runoff is treated; while features interacting with less-permeable soils treat only 50%. We highlight the NSWC as a screening-level tool for site runoff dynamics and its suitability in stormwater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Schifman
- Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; and Landscape
| | - M E Tryby
- Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; and Landscape
| | - J Berner
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460
| | - W D Shuster
- Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; and Landscape
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Wang R, Chen H, Luo Y, Yen H, Arnold JG, Bubenheim D, Moran P, Zhang M. Modeling Pesticide Fate and Transport at Watershed Scale Using the Soil & Water Assessment Tool: General Applications and Mitigation Strategies. PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATER: MONITORING, MODELING, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2019-1308.ch020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California,Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Huajin Chen
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California,Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yuzhou Luo
- Department of Pesticide Regulation, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, California 95812, United States
| | - Haw Yen
- Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University,Temple, Texas 76502, United States
| | - Jeffrey George Arnold
- Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University,Temple, Texas 76502, United States
| | - David Bubenheim
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Patrick Moran
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California,Davis, California 95616, United States
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47
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Abstract
In this paper, a study of the potential causes of the occurrence of high concentration of Enterococcus Faecalis in surface water within urban areas in dry-weather conditions (DWCs) is presented. Two hypotheses were formulated: (1) undersized sewer system; and (2) groundwater infiltration into damaged sewer pipes. In both cases, more frequent combined sewer overflows (CSOs) may occur discharging untreated sewage into surface water. To evaluate the first hypothesis, a hydraulic model of a sewer was developed assuming a water-tight system. The simulation results show that CSOs never occur in DWCs but a rain event of intensity equal to 1/3 of one-year return period may trigger them. To evaluate the second hypothesis, a model combining sewer failure with groundwater level was developed to identify the sections of damaged sewer below the water table and, therefore, potentially affected by infiltration. The risk of infiltration exceeds 50% in almost half of the entire network even at the lowest calculated water table. Considering 50% of infiltration distributed throughout that part of the network, CSOs can occur also in DWCs.
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48
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Mahmoud SH, Gan TY. Urbanization and climate change implications in flood risk management: Developing an efficient decision support system for flood susceptibility mapping. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:152-167. [PMID: 29705434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of urbanization and climate change impact to the flood risk of two governorates in Egypt were analyzed. Non-parametric change point and trend detection algorithms were applied to the annual rainfall, rainfall anomaly, and temperature anomaly of both study sites. Next, change points and trends of the annual and monthly surface runoff data generated by the Curve Number method over 1948-2014 were also analyzed to detect the effects of urbanization on the surface runoff. Lastly, a GIS decision support system was developed to delineate flood susceptibility zones for the two governorates. The significant decline in annual rainfall and rainfall anomaly after 1994 at 8.96 and 15.3 mm/decade respectively was likely due to climate change impact, especially significant warming trend since 1976 at 0.16 °C/decade, though that could partly be attributed to rapid urbanization. Since 1970, effects of urbanization to flood risk are clear, because despite a decline in rainfall, the annual surface runoff and runoff anomaly show positive trends of 12.7 and of 14.39 mm/decade, respectively. Eleven flood contributing factors have been identified and used in mapping flood susceptibility zones of both sites. In the El-Beheira governorate, 9.2%, 17.9%, 32.3%, 28.3% and 12.3% of its area are categorized as very high, high, moderate, low and very low susceptibility to flooding, respectively. Similarly, in Alexandria governorate, 15.9%, 33.5%, 41%, 8.8% and 0.8% of its area are categorized as very high, high, moderate, low and very low susceptibility to flooding, respectively. Very high and high susceptible zones are located in the northern, northwestern and northeastern parts of the Beheira governorates, and in the northeastern and northwestern parts of Alexandria. The flood related information obtained in this study will be useful to assist mitigating potential flood damages and future land use planning of both governorates of Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereif H Mahmoud
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Thian Yew Gan
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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49
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Sunde MG, He HS, Hubbart JA, Urban MA. An integrated modeling approach for estimating hydrologic responses to future urbanization and climate changes in a mixed-use midwestern watershed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 220:149-162. [PMID: 29777998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Future urban development and climatic changes are likely to affect hydrologic regimes in many watersheds. Quantifying potential water regime changes caused by these stressors is therefore crucial for enabling decision makers to develop viable environmental management strategies. This study presents an approach that integrates mid-21st century impervious surface growth estimates derived from the Imperviousness Change Analysis Tool with downscaled climate model projections and a hydrologic model Soil and Water Assessment Tool to characterize potential water regime changes in a mixed-use watershed in central Missouri, USA. Results for the climate change only scenario showed annual streamflow and runoff decreases (-10.7% and -9.2%) and evapotranspiration increases (+6.8%), while results from the urbanization only scenario showed streamflow and runoff increases (+3.8% and +9.3%) and evapotranspiration decreases (-2.4%). Results for the combined impacts scenario suggested that climatic changes could have a larger impact than urbanization on annual streamflow, (overall decrease of -6.1%), and could largely negate surface runoff increases caused by urbanization. For the same scenario, climatic changes exerted a stronger influence on annual evapotranspiration than urbanization (+3.9%). Seasonal results indicated that the relative influences of urbanization and climatic changes vary seasonally. Climatic changes most greatly influenced streamflow and runoff during winter and summer, and evapotranspiration during summer. During some seasons the directional change for hydrologic processes matched for both stressors. This work presented a practicable approach for investigating the relative influences of mid-21st century urbanization and climatic changes on the hydrology of a representative mixed-use watershed, adding to a limited body of research on this topic. This was done using a transferrable approach that can be adapted for watersheds in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Sunde
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Hong S He
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jason A Hubbart
- West Virginia University, Institute of Water Security and Science, Davis College, Schools of Agriculture and Food, and Natural Resources, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Michael A Urban
- College of Arts and Science, Department of Geography, Stewart Hall, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
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50
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Pan F, Choi W, Choi J. Effects of urban imperviousness scenarios on simulated storm flow. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:499. [PMID: 30076475 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The amount and distribution of impervious surfaces are important input parameters of hydrological models, especially in highly urbanized basins. This study tests three different methods to input impervious surface area information to a semi-distributed hydrological model in order to examine their effects on storm flow. The three methods being evaluated include: (1) a constant value for impervious surfaces in the entire urban area, (2) constant values of imperviousness for commercial and residential land uses, respectively, and (3) different imperviousness for the residential land use in each subbasin. Storm flow of the Milwaukee River Basin in southeastern Wisconsin (USA) was modeled using the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran. The results show that the three methods resulted in substantially different amounts of storm flow. The storm flow simulated with the third method was the largest and had the largest variability between the subbasins. The differences between the scenarios are generally larger in subbasins with high percentage of urban land use types. The results suggest that the effect of different input methods is amplified in urbanized subbasins and the spatial variability of imperviousness should be commensurate with the spatial variability of the model configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413, USA
| | - Woonsup Choi
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413, USA
| | - Jinmu Choi
- Department of Geography, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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