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Elehinafe FB, Aondoakaa EA, Akinyemi AF, Agboola O, Okedere OB. Separation processes for the treatment of industrial flue gases - Effective methods for global industrial air pollution control. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32428. [PMID: 38933980 PMCID: PMC11200353 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of flue gases has become a crucial area of interest with the increasing air emissions into the atmosphere from industries involved in combustion of fossil fuels in their operations. In essence, there is a critical need for effective methods of treatment more than ever. Treatment and separation are now a demand for the overall industrial operations to control the rate of flue gas emissions. The major culprit in this wise is power generating industry. The major associated air pollutants are carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, trace metals, volatile organic compounds, particulate matters, and nitrogen oxides. However, the choice of technologies to be utilized requires more than just knowledge of the separation process, but also a good understanding of the properties of the pollutants. This review explored and evaluated the various separation processes and technologies for the treatment of industrial flue gases for the control of the associated air pollutants. It also analyzed the performance with references to cost and efficiency, the advantages and disadvantages, principles for selection, research direction, and/or potential opportunities in existing separation processes and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis B. Elehinafe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ephraim A. Aondoakaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Akinnike F. Akinyemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluranti Agboola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oyetunji B. Okedere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osun State University, Osogbo, Ogun State, Nigeria
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2
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He Y, Kiehbadroudinezhad M, Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha H, Gupta VK, Peng W, Lam SS, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M. Driving sustainable circular economy in electronics: A comprehensive review on environmental life cycle assessment of e-waste recycling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123081. [PMID: 38072018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
E-waste, encompassing discarded materials from outdated electronic equipment, often ends up intermixed with municipal solid waste, leading to improper disposal through burial and incineration. This improper handling releases hazardous substances into water, soil, and air, posing significant risks to ecosystems and human health, ultimately entering the food chain and water supply. Formal e-waste recycling, guided by circular economy models and zero-discharge principles, offers potential solutions to this critical challenge. However, implementing a circular economy for e-waste management due to chemical and energy consumption may cause environmental impacts. Consequently, advanced sustainability assessment tools, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), have been applied to investigate e-waste management strategies. While LCA is a standardized methodology, researchers have employed various routes for environmental assessment of different e-waste management methods. However, to the authors' knowledge, there lacks a comprehensive study focusing on LCA studies to discern the opportunities and limitations of this method in formal e-waste management strategies. Hence, this review aims to survey the existing literature on the LCA of e-waste management under a circular economy, shedding light on the current state of research, identifying research gaps, and proposing future research directions. It first explains various methods of managing e-waste in the circular economy. This review then evaluates and scrutinizes the LCA approach in implementing the circular bioeconomy for e-waste management. Finally, it proposes frameworks and procedures to enhance the applicability of the LCA method to future e-waste management research. The literature on the LCA of e-waste management reveals a wide variation in implementing LCA in formal e-waste management, resulting in diverse results and findings in this field. This paper underscores that LCA can pinpoint the environmental hotspots for various pathways of formal e-waste recycling, particularly focusing on metals. It can help address these concerns and achieve greater sustainability in e-waste recycling, especially in pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical pathways. The recovery of high-value metals is more environmentally justified compared to other metals. However, biometallurgical pathways remain limited in terms of environmental studies. Despite the potential for recycling e-waste into plastic or glass, there is a dearth of robust background in LCA studies within this sector. This review concludes that LCA can offer valuable insights for decision-making and policy processes on e-waste management, promoting environmentally sound e-waste recycling practices. However, the accuracy of LCA results in e-waste recycling, owing to data requirements, subjectivity, impact category weighting, and other factors, remains debatable, emphasizing the need for more uncertainty analysis in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng He
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | | | | | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
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Moszczyńska J, Liu X, Wiśniewski M. Green Hydrogen Production through Ammonia Decomposition Using Non-Thermal Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14397. [PMID: 37762700 PMCID: PMC10531932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid hydrogen carriers will soon play a significant role in transporting energy. The key factors that are considered when assessing the applicability of ammonia cracking in large-scale projects are as follows: high energy density, easy storage and distribution, the simplicity of the overall process, and a low or zero-carbon footprint. Thermal systems used for recovering H2 from ammonia require a reaction unit and catalyst that operates at a high temperature (550-800 °C) for the complete conversion of ammonia, which has a negative effect on the economics of the process. A non-thermal plasma (NTP) solution is the answer to this problem. Ammonia becomes a reliable hydrogen carrier and, in combination with NTP, offers the high conversion of the dehydrogenation process at a relatively low temperature so that zero-carbon pure hydrogen can be transported over long distances. This paper provides a critical overview of ammonia decomposition systems that focus on non-thermal methods, especially under plasma conditions. The review shows that the process has various positive aspects and is an innovative process that has only been reported to a limited extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moszczyńska
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Adsorption and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Xinying Liu
- Institute for Catalysis and Energy Solutions, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Marek Wiśniewski
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Adsorption and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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Dhamale GD, Ajith N, Ghorui S. Thermal plasma processing of high temperature insulation wools. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 168:290-300. [PMID: 37329835 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
High temperature insulation wool (HTIW) wastes, generated in large volume as a part of demolition and construction processes, are difficult to recycle and pose significant hazards to health and environment. Alkaline earth silicate wools (AESW) and alumino silicate wools (ASW) are the two major types. Typical constituents include silica and oxides of Ca, Al and Mg etc. in varying ratios, giving rise to their specific colours and inherited thermo-physical properties. Successful mitigation and reuse of such wools have not been explored enough. Possibly for the first time, the study makes an extensive investigation on air plasma mitigation of four most commonly used HTIW, namely, fresh rock wool, waste rock wool, waste stone wool and waste ceramic wool. This is a single step dry process. Use of freely available ambient air to generate plasma, extremely high enthalpy, presence of nascent atomic and ionic species and extremely high temperature make the process fast, efficient, economic and unique one to convert such wastes into valorised product. While the thermal field delivered by an air plasma torch has been derived from magneto-hydrodynamic simulation, the study makes a direct in-situ investigation of the evolution of thermal field in the melting zone using two colour pyrometer, and characterises the vitreous solidified end product using X-diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Neutron Activation Analysis. Possible valorisation and use of the end product have been discussed in light of their observed elemental composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Dhamale
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - N Ajith
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S Ghorui
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Tian H, Chen L, Wu J, Zheng D, Yang Q, Ji Z, Cai J, Chen Y, Li Z. Global research into the relationship between electronic waste and health over the last 10 years: A scientometric analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1069172. [PMID: 36684976 PMCID: PMC9846604 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1069172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aims of this research were to conduct the first holistic and deep scientometric analysis of electronic waste and health and provide with the prediction of research trends and hot topics. Method A comprehensive literature search was conducted via the Web of Science Core collection databases on 26 August 2022 to identify all articles related to electronic waste and health. A total of 652 records have been extracted from the Web of Science after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analyzed using bibliometrix software of R-package, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace, visualized by tables and diagrams. Result The number of publications and total citations had shown a general growth trend from 2012 to 2021, with an average annual growth rate of 23.74%. Mainland China was the significant nation with the greatest number of publications, citations, and international links. The journal publishing the most was "Science of the Total Environment" (n = 56). Huo X and Hu XJ were the top two author contributing to this field with the highest h-index (23). Over time, the focus in this field shifted to exposure to heavy metal, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyl ethers, and poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances from electronic waste, and managements, such as hydrometallurgy. Discussion By this scientometric analysis, we found that the most active country, journal, organization and author contributing to this filed, as well as high impact documents and references and research hotspots. Also, we found that the hotspots might be exposure to toxic substances from electronic waste procession, its impact on human health and relevant managements. And evironmentally friendly materials to replace heavy metal mate rials, and environmentally friendly and effective recycling methods of electronic waste need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast, and Hernia Surgery, General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Preetam A, Jadhao PR, Naik S, Pant K, Kumar V. Supercritical fluid technology - an eco-friendly approach for resource recovery from e-waste and plastic waste: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Feng J, Sun X, Li Z, Hao X, Fan M, Ning P, Li K. Plasma-Assisted Reforming of Methane. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203221. [PMID: 36251924 PMCID: PMC9731725 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4 ) is inexpensive, high in heating value, relatively low in carbon footprint compared to coal, and thus a promising energy resource. However, the locations of natural gas production sites are typically far from industrial areas. Therefore, transportation is needed, which could considerably increase the sale price of natural gas. Thus, the development of distributed, clean, affordable processes for the efficient conversion of CH4 has increasingly attracted people's attention. Among them are plasma technology with the advantages of mild operating conditions, low space need, and quick generation of energetic and chemically active species, which allows the reaction to occur far from the thermodynamic equilibrium and at a reasonable cost. Significant progress in plasma-assisted reforming of methane (PARM) is achieved and reviewed in this paper from the perspectives of reactor development, thermal and nonthermal PARM routes, and catalysis. The factors affecting the conversion of reactants and the selectivity of products are studied. The findings from the past works and the insight into the existing challenges in this work should benefit the further development of reactors, high-performance catalysts, and PARM routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Feng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500P. R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Faculty of Environmental Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500P. R. China
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY82071USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500P. R. China
| | - Xingguang Hao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500P. R. China
| | - Maohong Fan
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY82071USA
- School of Energy ResourcesUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY82071USA
- School of Civil & Environmental EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500P. R. China
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY82071USA
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Deng H, Tu Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Li Y, Chai L, Zhang W, Lin Z. Environmental behavior, human health effect, and pollution control of heavy metal(loid)s toward full life cycle processes. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2022; 1:229-243. [PMID: 38077254 PMCID: PMC10702911 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) have caused serious environmental pollution and health risks. Although the past few years have witnessed the achievements of studies on environmental behavior of HMs, the related toxicity mechanisms, and pollution control, their relationship remains a mystery. Researchers generally focused on one topic independently without comprehensive considerations due to the knowledge gap between environmental science and human health. Indeed, the full life cycle control of HMs is crucial and should be reconsidered with the combination of the occurrence, transport, and fate of HMs in the environment. Therefore, we started by reviewing the environmental behaviors of HMs which are affected by a variety of natural factors as well as their physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the related toxicity mechanisms were discussed according to exposure route, toxicity mechanism, and adverse consequences. In addition, the current state-of-the-art of available technologies for pollution control of HMs wastewater and solid wastes were summarized. Finally, based on the research trend, we proposed that advanced in-operando characterizations will help us better understand the fundamental reaction mechanisms, and big data analysis approaches will aid in establishing the prediction model for risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Deng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuling Tu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangdong 510006, China
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9
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Kumari R, Samadder SR. A critical review of the pre-processing and metals recovery methods from e-wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115887. [PMID: 35933880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
E-wastes being potential sources of numerous valuable metals are promoted to undergo recycling and recovery under the umbrella of urban mining and circular economy. Thus, the present study provides a critical review of the technological details of different metal recycling processes, pre-treatment methods, and the advancements made in these techniques. Critical evaluation of different metal recovery techniques has also been presented based on the available life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic, and industrial-scale studies. The study revealed that the integrated metal recovery techniques serve better in terms of recovery efficiency and environmental performance than any single recovery technique. Also, scaling up of biometallurgical, electrochemical, and super critical fluid extraction methods needs to be promoted due to their better environmental performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Kumari
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
| | - Sukha Ranjan Samadder
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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Nili S, Arshadi M, Yaghmaei S. Fungal bioleaching of e-waste utilizing molasses as the carbon source in a bubble column bioreactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114524. [PMID: 35085974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phones are known as the most widely used electronic instruments, and an enormous number of discarded mobile phones are generated. The present work used a pure culture of Penicillium simplicissimum in a bubble column bioreactor to extract Cu and Ni from mobile phone printed circuit boards (MPPCBs) waste. Molasses was used as an efficient carbon source to enhance bioleaching efficiency and increase the cost benefits. The adaptation phase was done at Erlenmeyer flasks to reach 40 g/L of MPPCBs powder. The most significant parameters, including the mass of MPPCBs powder, aeration, molasses concentration, and their interaction, were optimized in order to leach the maximum possible Cu and Ni using central composite design in response surface methodology (RSM). The model p-values for Cu and Ni recovery were 0.0030 and 0.0348, respectively, emphasizing the model's accuracy. 96.94% of Cu was recovered under 8.8% (v/v) of molasses, aeration rate of 0.29 (l/min), and MPPCBs powder of 10 g/L. The optimized condition of Ni leaching was 1.9% (v/v) of molasses, aeration rate of 0.37 (l/min), and MPPCBs powder of 10 g/L, resulting in 71.51% recovery. The present article demonstrated the great potential of P. simplicissimum to improve metal recovery from e-waste utilizing molasses and bubble column bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Nili
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdokht Arshadi
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soheila Yaghmaei
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Gonçalves MFS, Petraconi Filho G, Couto AA, Silva Sobrinho ASD, Miranda FS, Massi M. Evaluation of thermal plasma process for treatment disposal of solid radioactive waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114895. [PMID: 35299134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The management of radioactive waste is a worldwide activity based on the guidelines of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and all stages of management require scientifically proven methods for possible deployment. The management of radioactive waste is a huge challenge due to the high risk in the collection, gathering, transport, handling, and storage. In this study, a thermal plasma treatment process was evaluated for its efficiency to process solid radioactive waste. Experiments were carried out with the application of stable isotopes of Lead, Iodine, Cobalt, and Cesium. After the thermal plasma treatments, the slag and the residual gas were analyzed to verify the influence of process time and discharge power on the efficiency of the process. The treatment for 25 min and 10 kW was sufficient to reduce the mass by 50% of the slag. When the applied power was increased to 15 kW, an expressive reduction in the treatment time (10 min) was able to promote the same mass reduction. The results indicated that the treatment of radioactive waste by thermal plasma is a promising method to manage and reduce the mass and volume for the final disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F S Gonçalves
- Mackenzie Presbyterian University, School of Engineering - PPGEMN, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - G Petraconi Filho
- Technological Institute of Aeronautics, ITA/DCTA, 12227-000, São Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A A Couto
- Mackenzie Presbyterian University, School of Engineering - PPGEMN, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A S da Silva Sobrinho
- Technological Institute of Aeronautics, ITA/DCTA, 12227-000, São Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F S Miranda
- Technological Institute of Aeronautics, ITA/DCTA, 12227-000, São Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Massi
- Mackenzie Presbyterian University, School of Engineering - PPGEMN, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Sanito RC, You SJ, Wang YF. Degradation of contaminants in plasma technology: An overview. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127390. [PMID: 34879580 PMCID: PMC8500698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The information of plasma technologies applications for environmental clean-up on treating and degrading metals, metalloids, dyes, biomass, antibiotics, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), bacteria, virus and fungi is compiled and organized in the review article. Different reactor configurations of plasma technology have been applied for reactive species generation, responsible for the pollutants removal, hydrogen and methane production and microorganism inactivation. Therefore, in this review article, the reactive species from discharge plasma are presented here to provide the insight into the environmental applications. The combinations of plasma technology with flux agent and photocatalytic are also given in this review paper associated with the setup of the plasma system on the removal process of metals, VOCs, and microorganisms. Furthermore, the potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivation via plasma technology is also described in this review paper. Detailed information of plasma parameter configuration is given to support the influence of the critical process in the plasma system to deal with contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynard Christianson Sanito
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Jie You
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Fen Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC.
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Yu X, Zhang X, Xing Y, Zhang H, Jiang W, Zhou K, Li Y. Development of Janus Cellulose Acetate Fiber (CA) Membranes for Highly Efficient Oil-Water Separation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14205916. [PMID: 34683508 PMCID: PMC8541447 DOI: 10.3390/ma14205916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new type of Janus cellulose acetate (CA) fiber membrane was used to separate oil–water emulsions, which was prepared with plasma gas phase grafting by polymerizing octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) onto a CA fiber membrane prepared by centrifugal spinning. The Janus–CA fiber membrane was described in terms of chemical structure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis and morphology by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In this contribution, we examine the influence of spinning solution concentration, spinning speed and nozzle aperture on the centrifugal spinning process and the fiber morphology. Superhydrophobic/hydrophilic Janus–CA fiber membrane was used to separate water and 1,2-dibromoethane mixture and Toluene-in-water emulsion. Unidirectional water transfer Janus–CA fiber membrane was used to separate n-hexane and water mixture. The separation for the first-time interception rate was about 98.81%, 98.76% and 98.73%, respectively. Experimental results revealed that the Janus cellulose acetate (CA) fiber membrane gave a permeate flux of about 43.32, 331.72 and 275.27 L/(m2·h), respectively. The novel Janus–CA fiber membrane can potentially be used for sustainable W/O emulsion separation. We believe that this is a facile strategy for construction of filtration materials for practical oil–water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Yu
- College of Textiles Science and Engineering (International Silk Institute), Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (W.J.); (K.Z.)
| | - Xian Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (W.J.); (K.Z.)
| | - Yajie Xing
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (W.J.); (K.Z.)
| | - Hongjing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (W.J.); (K.Z.)
| | - Wuwei Jiang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (W.J.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ke Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (W.J.); (K.Z.)
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Textiles Science and Engineering (International Silk Institute), Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (W.J.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-5800-6780
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Radzyminska-Lenarcik E, Pyszka I, Kosciuszko A. Separation and Recovery of Gold(III), Palladium(II) and Platinum(IV) by Solvent Extraction Using a New β-Diketone Derivative from Acidic Solutions. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164436. [PMID: 34442959 PMCID: PMC8399779 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study indicates that a new amine derivative of β-diketone (EDAB-acac) can be successfully used in an acidic medium (HCl) to separate a mixture containing Au(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) ions using solvent extraction. The study was conducted in single and ternary model solutions. The impact of acid concentration and the type of solvent (toluene, chloroform, methylene chloride, 2-ethylhexanol) on separation efficiency was discussed. It has been shown that increasing the HCl concentration in the aqueous phase does not favor extraction. In contrast, solvents with high donor numbers (methylene chloride, 2-ethylhexanol) increase both the extraction percentage of Pd and Au as well as the separation coefficients of Pd in relation to Au and Pt. The palladium(II) and gold(III) (which form 4-coordinated planar [MCl4]2− complexes) are extracted most efficiently, Pd(II) (87–93%) and Au(III) (56–62%). The stripping of Au(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) ions from the EDAB-acac-methylene chloride phase was also investigated using 0.5 M ammonia aq., mineral acid (5 M HCl, 5 M HNO3), 0.1 M thiourea in HCl and 0.5 M ammonium thiocyanate. A 3-step stripping process was proposed for the recovery of Pd(II), Au(III), and Pt(IV) from the Pd-Au-Pt mixture in the EDAB-acac-methylene chloride system. In the first stage, the aqueous phase is treated with 5 M HNO3 (Pt separation), followed by the application of 0.5 M ammonia (Pd separation) and, finally, 0.1 M thiourea in HCl (Au separation). The solvent extraction with EDAB-acac in acidic medium (HCl) can be used for separation of Pd(II) and Au(III) ions from e-waste leach solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Radzyminska-Lenarcik
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-374-9065
| | - Ilona Pyszka
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Artur Kosciuszko
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Al. Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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