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Ma S, Deng N, Zhao C, Wang P, Zhou C, Sun C, Guan D, Wang Z, Meng J. Decreasing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Municipal Solid Waste Sector in Chinese Cites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11342-11351. [PMID: 38875720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems play a crucial role in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in China. Although the government has implemented many policies to improve the MSW management system, the impact of these improvements on city-level GHG emission reduction remains largely unexplored. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of both direct and downstream GHG emissions from the MSW sector, encompassing sanitary landfill, dump, incineration, and biological treatment, across 352 Chinese cities from 2001 to 2021 by adopting inventory methods recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The results reveal that (1) GHG emissions from the MSW sector in China peaked at 70.6 Tg of CO2 equiv in 2018, followed by a significant decline to 47.6 Tg of CO2 equiv in 2021, (2) cities with the highest GHG emission reduction benefits in the MSW sector were historical emission hotspots over the past 2 decades, and (3) with the potential achievement of zero-landfilling policy by 2030, an additional reduction of 203.7 Tg of CO2 equiv is projected, with the emission reduction focus toward cities in South China (21.9%), Northeast China (17.8%), and Southwest China (17.3%). This study highlights that, even without explicit emission reduction targets for the MSW sector, the improvements of this sector have significantly reduced GHG emissions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Ma
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Nana Deng
- School of Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijng 100081, People's Republic of China
- Digital Economy and Policy Intelligentization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbin Zhou
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlian Sun
- Stake Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabo Guan
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- School of Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijng 100081, People's Republic of China
- Digital Economy and Policy Intelligentization Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Liang CW, Zheng ZC, Chen TN. Monitoring landfill volatile organic compounds emissions by an uncrewed aerial vehicle platform with infrared and visible-light cameras, remote monitoring, and sampling systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121575. [PMID: 38959775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
An uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) platform equipped with dual imaging cameras, a gas sampling system, and a remote synchronous monitoring system was developed to sample and analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from landfills. The remote synchronous monitoring system provided real-time video to administrators with specific permissions to assist in identifying sampling sites within extensive landfill areas. The sampling system included four kits capable of collecting samples from different locations during a single flight mission. Each kit comprised a 1 L Tedlar bag for measuring landfill VOC concentrations according to the TO-15 method prescribed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The air sample was introduced into a Tedlar bag via pumping. A known volume of the sample was subsequently concentrated using a solid multisorbent concentrator. Following this, the sample underwent cold trap concentration and thermal desorption. The concentrated sample was then transferred to a chromatography-mass spectrometry system for separation and analysis. Since the anaerobic catabolism of organic waste is exothermic and emits VOCs, this study employed UAV thermal imaging to locate principal emission sources for sampling. Visible-light imaging helped identify newer or older landfill sections, aiding in the selection of appropriate sampling sites, particularly when surfaces were thermally disturbed by solar radiation. Field measurements were conducted under three meteorological conditions: sunny morning, cirrus morning, and thin cloud evening (2 h after sunset), identifying 119, 122, and 111 chemical species respectively. The sequence of total VOC concentrations measured correlated with the meteorological conditions as follows: cirrus morning > thin cloud evening > sunny morning. The results indicated that ambient temperature and global solar radiation significantly influenced daytime gas emissions from landfills. Evening thermal images, unaffected by solar heating, facilitated more accurate identification of major VOC emission points, resulting in higher VOC concentrations compared to those recorded in the sunny morning. VOCs from the landfill were categorized into nine organic groups: alkanes, alkenes, carbonyls, aromatics, alcohols, esters, ethers, organic oxides, and others. The classification was based on carbon-containing compounds (Cn, where the compound contains n carbon atoms). Alkanes were predominant in terms of Cn presence, followed by alcohols and carbonyls. Among the organic groups, organic oxides, particularly 2-heptyl-1,3-dioxolane, exhibited the highest concentrations, succeeded by alkenes. Sampling under cloudy conditions or in the evening is recommended to minimize the effects of surface temperature anomalies caused by solar radiation, which vary due to differences in land composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Liang
- Master Program in UAV Application and Precision Agriculture, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan; Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan.
| | - Zhong-Chun Zheng
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Nong Chen
- Master Program in UAV Application and Precision Agriculture, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
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Zhao S, Zheng Q, Wang H, Fan X. Nitrogen in landfills: Sources, environmental impacts and novel treatment approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171725. [PMID: 38492604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) accumulation in landfills is a pressing environmental concern due to its diverse sources and significant environmental impacts. However, there is relatively limited attention and research focus on N in landfills as it is overshadowed by other more prominent pollutants. This study comprehensively examines the sources of N in landfills, including food waste contributing to 390 million tons of N annually, industrial discharges, and sewage treatment plant effluents. The environmental impacts of N in landfills are primarily manifested in N2O emissions and leachate with high N concentrations. To address these challenges, this study presents various mitigation and management strategies, including N2O reduction measures and novel NH4+ removal techniques, such as electrochemical technologies, membrane separation processes, algae-based process, and other advanced oxidation processes. However, a more in-depth understanding of the complexities of N cycling in landfills is required, due to the lack of long-term monitoring data and the presence of intricate interactions and feedback mechanisms. To ultimately achieve optimized N management and minimized adverse environmental impacts in landfill settings, future prospects should emphasize advancements in monitoring and modeling technologies, enhanced understanding of microbial ecology, implementation of circular economy principles, application of innovative treatment technologies, and comprehensive landfill design and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiteng Zheng
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xinyao Fan
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Randazzo A, Venturi S, Tassi F. Soil processes modify the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from CO 2- and CH 4-dominated geogenic and landfill gases: A comprehensive study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171483. [PMID: 38458441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Degradation mechanisms affecting non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during gas uprising from different hypogenic sources to the surface were investigated through extensive sampling surveys in areas encompassing a high enthalpy hydrothermal system associated with active volcanism, a CH4-rich sedimentary basin and a municipal waste landfill. For a comprehensive framework, published data from medium-to-high enthalpy hydrothermal systems were also included. The investigated systems were characterised by peculiar VOC suites that reflected the conditions of the genetic environments in which temperature, contents of organic matter, and gas fugacity had a major role. Differences in VOC patterns between source (gas vents and landfill gas) and soil gases indicated VOC transformations in soil. Processes acting in soil preferentially degraded high-molecular weight alkanes with respect to the low-molecular weight ones. Alkenes and cyclics roughly behaved like alkanes. Thiophenes were degraded to a larger extent with respect to alkylated benzenes, which were more reactive than benzene. Furan appeared less degraded than its alkylated homologues. Dimethylsulfoxide was generally favoured with respect to dimethylsulfide. Limonene and camphene were relatively unstable under aerobic conditions, while α-pinene was recalcitrant. O-bearing organic compounds (i.e., aldehydes, esters, ketones, alcohols, organic acids and phenol) acted as intermediate products of the ongoing VOC degradations in soil. No evidence for the degradation of halogenated compounds and benzothiazole was observed. This study pointed out how soil degradation processes reduce hypogenic VOC emissions and the important role played by physicochemical and biological parameters on the effective VOC attenuation capacity of the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Randazzo
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - S Venturi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - F Tassi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Zhuo Y, He J, Li W, Deng J, Lin Q. A review on takeaway packaging waste: Types, ecological impact, and disposal route. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122518. [PMID: 37678737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid economic growth and urbanization have led to significant changes in the world's consumption patterns. Accelerated urbanization, the spread of the mobile Internet, and the increasing pace of work globally have all contributed to the demand for the food takeaway industry. The rapid development of the takeaway industry inevitably brings convenience to life, and with it comes great environmental pressure from waste packaging materials. While maintaining the convenience of people's lives, further reducing the environmental pollution caused by takeaway packaging materials and promoting the recycling and reuse of takeaway packaging waste need to attract the attention and concern of the whole society. This review systematically and comprehensively introduces common takeaway food types and commonly used packaging materials, analyzes the impacts of discarded takeaway packaging materials on human health and the ecological environment, summarizes the formulation and implementation of relevant policies and regulations, proposes treatment methods and resourceful reuse pathways for discarded takeaway packaging, and also provides an outlook on the development of green takeaway packaging. Currently, only 20% of waste packaging materials are recycled worldwide, and there is still a need to develop more green takeaway packaging materials and continuously improve relevant policies and regulations to promote the sustainable development of the takeaway industry. The review is conducive to further optimizing the takeaway packaging management system, alleviating the environmental pollution problem, and providing feasible solutions and technical guidance for further optimizing takeaway food packaging materials and comprehensive utilization of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - JinTao He
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seasonings Green Manufacturing, Changsha, 410004, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - QinLu Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seasonings Green Manufacturing, Changsha, 410004, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
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Liu K, Lv L, Li W, Wang X, Han M, Ren Z, Gao W, Wang P, Liu X, Sun L, Zhang G. Micro-aeration and leachate recirculation for the acceleration of landfill stabilization: Enhanced hydrolytic acidification by facultative bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129615. [PMID: 37544542 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The long duration of landfill stabilization is one of the challenges faced by municipalities. In this paper, a combination of micro-aeration and leachate recirculation is used to achieve rapid degradation of organic matter in landfill waste. The results showed that the content of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the hydrolysis phase increased significantly and could enter the methanogenic phase quickly. Until the end of the landfill, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) by micro-aeration and leachate recirculation reached 80.17 %, 48.30 % and 48.56 %, respectively, and the organic matter degradation rate reached 50 %. Micro-aeration and leachate recirculation enhanced the abundance of facultative hydrolytic bacteria such as Rummeliibacillus and Bacillus and the oxygen tolerance of Methanobrevibacter and Methanoculleus. Micro-aeration and leachate recirculation improved the organic matter degradation efficiency of landfill waste by promoting the growth of functional microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Longyi Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Muda Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Zhijun Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Wenfang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
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Xie H, Gu X, Yan H, Bouazza A, Zuo X, Peng Y. Field investigation of temporal variation and diffusion of hydrogen sulfide on waste working face and intermediate landfill cover. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:11-22. [PMID: 37384970 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the study on the variation, influencing factors and diffusion regularity of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration and surface flux on the working face and intermediate geomembrane cover of a landfill. Field investigations were conducted using static chambers at a large-scale municipal solid waste landfill in Hangzhou, China, from January 2019 to June 2021. The analytical models of H2S transport in the working face and intermediate cover were developed to investigate the surface flux under various conditions. The CALPUFF model was used to demonstrate the diffusion path. The H2S surface flux on the working face ranged from 7.1 × 10-3 to 1.7 mg/m2/h, whereas the range was found to be 1.5 × 10-4 to 0.9 mg/m2/h on the intermediate geomembrane cover. This observation indicated that the geomembrane can reduce H2S emissions. In addition, the H2S surface fluxes at the HDPE GMB seams and near the gas collecting wells were generally 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than that in the intact GMB. The analytical model estimates that the intact GMB exhibits a diffusion coefficient of H2S ranging from 2.7 × 10-11 to 2.2 × 10-10 m2/s. However, the diffusion coefficient increases significantly to a range of 3.3 × 10-11-9.8 × 10-7 m2/s on the GMB seams. According to CALPUFF results, only the H2S diffusion from the working face had areas exceeding the standard concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Xie
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Xiting Gu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Abdelmalek Bouazza
- Department of Civil Engineering, 23 College Walk, Monash University, Vic. 3800, Australia
| | - Xinru Zuo
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Yingfei Peng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, China
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Liu Y, Wang J. Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of carbon emissions from municipal solid waste treatment in China. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 168:1-13. [PMID: 37276629 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reducing carbon emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment is non-negligible for China to meet its "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" targets. It is critical to objectively evaluate the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of carbon emissions from MSW treatment. This study estimates the carbon emissions from MSW treatment across 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020. The joint approach LMDI-PDA model is further used to refine the impact of policy on carbon emission changes from technical and efficiency perspectives, while considering the socio-economic factors. The results showed that carbon emissions from MSW treatment grew significantly until peaking at 202.05Mt CO2e in 2017 and then stabilized, finally dropping to 165.10 Mt CO2e in 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. Compared with the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, the MSW emissions intensity declined significantly during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, indicating the effective implementation of waste emission control measures. Furthermore, the slowdown in the growth of national emissions was primarily driven by technological advances in waste treatment. Technical efficiency change effect, MSW generation intensity effect, economic scale effect, and population scale effect impeded national emissions decline. Since the performance of various drivers varied greatly in different provinces, a cluster analysis was conducted to provide policy recommendations in provinces with similar characteristics. Both the methods and results of this study can provide better decision-making support for national and provincial carbon emissions control policies targeting MSW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jianliang Wang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; Research Center for China's Oil and Gas Industry Development, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality and Innovative Energy Development, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
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Dang Q, Zhao X, Li Y, Xi B. Revisiting the biological pathway for methanogenesis in landfill from metagenomic perspective-A case study of county-level sanitary landfill of domestic waste in North China plain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115185. [PMID: 36586711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Landfill is the third highest contributor to anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions, produced primarily by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter by microbes. However, how various microbial metabolic processes contribute to CH4 production in domestic waste landfill remains elusive. We addressed this problem by investigating the methanogenic communities, methanogenic functional genes, KEGG modules and KEGG pathways in a county-level MSW sanitary landfill in North China Plain, China. Results showed that Methanomicrobiales, Methanobacteriales, Methanosarcinales, Micrococcales, Corynebacteriales and Bacillales were the dominant methanogens. M00357, M00346, M00567 and M00563 were the four major methane metabolic modules. The most abundant genes were ACSS, ackA and fwd with the relative abundance of 19.26-54.54%, 6.14-25.78% and 6.76-16.51%, respectively. The two essential genes of methanogenesis were detected with the relative abundance of 2.66-9.58% (mtr) and 1.63-9.14% (mcr). These findings indicated that acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis were the major pathways. Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales and Clostridiales were the key microbes to these pathways identified by co-occurrence network. Analysis of relative contribution of species to function further showed that Micrococcales, Corynebacteriales and Bacillales were special contributors to acetotrophic methanogenesis pathway. Redundancy analysis revealed that above functional genes and microbes were mainly controlled by NH4+ and pH. Our results can help to provide develop the fine management strategies for methane utilization and emission reduction in landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Sun XY, Xu H, Wu BH, Shen SL, Zhan LT. A first-order kinetic model for simulating the aerobic degradation of municipal solid waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117093. [PMID: 36549064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic degradation models are important tools for investigating the aerobic degradation behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW). In this paper, a first-order kinetic model for aerobic degradation of MSW was developed. The model comprehensively considers the aerobic degradation of five substrates, i.e., holocellulose, non-cellulosic sugars, proteins, lipids and lignin. The proportion ranges of the five substrates are summarized with the recommended values given. The effects of temperature, moisture content, oxygen concentration and free air space (FAS) on the reaction rates are considered, and the effect of settlement is accounted for in the FAS correction function. The reliability of the model was verified by comparing simulations of the aerobic degradation of low food waste content (LFWC-) and high food waste content (HFWC-) MSWs to the literature. Afterwards, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to establish the relative importance of aeration rate (AR), volumetric moisture content (VMC), and temperature. VMC had the greatest influence on the aerobic degradation of LFWC-MSW, followed by temperature and then AR; for HFWC-MSW, temperature was the most important factor, then VMC and last was AR. The degradation ratio of LFWC-MSW can reach 98.0% after 100 days degradation under its optimal conditions (i.e., temperature: 55 °C, VMC: 40%, AR: 0.16 L min-1 kg-1 DM), while it is slightly higher as 99.5% for HFWC-MSW under its optimal conditions (i.e., temperature: 55 °C, VMC: 40%, AR: 0.20 L min-1 kg-1 DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Yu Sun
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Bin-Hai Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Si-Liang Shen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Liang-Tong Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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11
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Du W, Lü F, Zhang H, Shao L, He P. Odor emission rate of a municipal solid waste sanitary landfill during different operation stages before final closure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159111. [PMID: 36183762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the odor emission rate from different areas of a municipal solid waste landfill. The surface odor emission rate (SOER) of eight odorous compound groups were determined by flux chamber method. The SOER of working face, seams of daily cover, membrane surface of daily cover, seams of temporary cover, membrane surface of temporary cover, seams of intermediate cover, membrane surface of intermediate cover were 138.34, 49.83, 13.56, 90.35, 14.48, 4.05, and 8.14 μg/(m2·s), respectively. Therefore, odor emission hotspots were at seams of daily and temporary cover areas. Converting the odor emissions at emission hotspots to the entire membrane cover surface, the average SOER of working face, daily cover area, temporary cover area and intermediate cover area were 138.34, 17.95, 22.43, and 6.24 μg/(m2·s), respectively. Combined with the size of each landfill area, the total odor emissions of the four above areas of a landfill zone were 830, 108, 1346, and 5175 mg/s, respectively, suggesting the necessity to control the odor emission of membrane cover stages especially for large-scale landfills. In terms of odor components, alcohols (38.7 %), sulfur compounds (22.9 %) and aldehydes (15.7 %) were major odorous groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Delgado M, López A, Esteban-García AL, Lobo A. The importance of particularising the model to estimate landfill GHG emissions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116600. [PMID: 36326528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methane generation in landfills can be estimated using mathematical models. One of the most widespread estimation models is that developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Despite its popularity, the simplicity that characterises this model markedly limits the possibility of representing operation alternatives, which can strongly impact surface emissions and hinder the introduction of local data that are sometimes available. In this study, the IPCC model was applied to a case study from which field data on gas emissions were available. To fit the model to the studied landfill conditions, a series of modifications were made, including changes in Degradable Organic Carbon (DOC) and methane generation rate constant (k) values, and degradation times for some waste fractions, and by considering leachate carbon and the inclusion of gas lateral migration phenomena or changes in the methane oxidation factor. The model's Final Version improved the fit of its Initial Version to the experimentally estimated values in the case study by more than 65%. Some modifications, such as considering the carbon dragged by leachate or the contour migration of gas, have a minor impact on the model's fit. However, changes in the degradation time of some fractions according to their particular pretreatment or the modification of parameter k in accordance with the moisture conditions in each landfill phase, strongly influence the model's results. This highlights the importance of particularising estimation models to achieve more accurate results, which allow better estimates of the efficiency of mitigation measures for landfill gas emissions in each facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Delgado
- Grupo de Ingeniería Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas del Agua y del Medio ambiente, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros n. 44, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ana López
- Grupo de Ingeniería Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas del Agua y del Medio ambiente, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros n. 44, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ana Lorena Esteban-García
- Grupo de Ingeniería Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas del Agua y del Medio ambiente, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros n. 44, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Amaya Lobo
- Grupo de Ingeniería Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas del Agua y del Medio ambiente, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros n. 44, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
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13
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Chen J, Wang Y, Shao L, Lü F, Zhang H, He P. In-situ removal of odorous NH 3 and H 2S by loess modified with biologically stabilized leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116248. [PMID: 36126598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The loess regions distribute widely in Northwestern China, North America and Eastern Europe. For these regions, landfill is a suitable technology for solid waste treatment. However, as a landfill cover material, loess is not very effective in controlling the emission of malodorous gases. The present study modified loess with biologically stabilized leachate, and investigated the capacities and mechanisms of the modified loess to remove odorous NH3 and H2S. The removal rates of NH3 and H2S at different acclimation time, targeted gas concentrations and temperatures were measured. It was found that the NH3 removal rate of the modified loess was up to 0.08 μmol/(g·hr), which was 1.8 times that of the virgin loess. The H2S removal rate of the modified loess was up to 1.74 μmol/(g·hr), which was 1.25 times that of the virgin loess. The half-meter loess layer modified by biologically stabilized leachate achieved nearly 100% removal of H2S. The improvement of NH3 and H2S removal ability was mainly due to the enrichment of relevant microorganisms. This work proposed a novel method for in-situ control of malodorous pollutants in landfills in the loess regions, and proved that the in-situ removal of NH3 and H2S using the loess modified with biologically stabilized leachate is feasible and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Chen
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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14
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Wang Q, Gu X, Tang S, Mohammad A, Singh DN, Xie H, Chen Y, Zuo X, Sun Z. Gas transport in landfill cover system: A critical appraisal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:116020. [PMID: 36104890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Landfill gas (LFG) emission is gaining more attention from the scientific fraternity and policymakers recently due to its threat to the atmosphere and human health of the populace living in surrounding premises. Though landfill cover (LFC) (viz., daily, intermittent and final cover) is widely used by landfill operators to mitigate or reduce these emissions, their overall performance is still under question. A critical analysis of available literature, primarily pertaining to (i) the composition of the landfill gases and their migration in the LFC system, (ii) experimental and mathematical investigations of the transport mechanism of gas and (iii) the impact of additives to cover soils on transport and fate of gas, has been conducted and presented in this manuscript. Investigation of the efficiency of modified soil was mainly focused on laboratory test. More field tests and application of amended cover soils should be conducted and promoted further. Studies on nitrous oxide and emerging pollutants, including poly-fluoroalkyl substances transport in landfill cover system are limited and need further research. The transport mechanisms of these unconventional contaminants should be considered regarding the selection of LFC materials including geomembrane and geosynthetic clay liners. The existing analytical and numerical models can provide a basic understanding of LFG transport mechanisms and are able to predict the migration behaviour of LFG; however, there are still knowledge gaps concerning the interaction between different species of the gas molecule when modeling multi-component gas transport. Gas transport through fractured cover should also be considered when evaluating LFG emission in the future. Simplified design method for landfill cover system regarding LFG emission based on analytical models should be proposed. Overall, mathematical models combined with experiments can facilitate more visualized and intensive insights, which would be instrumental in devising climate adaptive landfill covers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Xiting Gu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China; Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co. Ltd, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suqin Tang
- Hangzhou Environmental Group, 138-1 Linban Road, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Arif Mohammad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Devendra Narain Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Haijian Xie
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China; Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co. Ltd, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Zuo
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhilin Sun
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road, Zhoushan, 316021, China; College of Hydraulic Engineering and Architecture, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
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15
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Xie H, Zuo X, Chen Y, Yan H, Ni J. Numerical model for static chamber measurement of multi-component landfill gas emissions and its application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:74225-74241. [PMID: 35635673 PMCID: PMC9550682 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative assessment of landfill gas emissions is essential to assess the performance of the landfill cover and gas collection system. The relative error of the measured surface emission of landfill gas may be induced by the static flux chamber technique. This study aims to quantify effects of the size of the chamber, the insertion depth, pressure differential on the relative errors by using an integrated approach of in situ tests, and numerical modeling. A field experiment study of landfill gas emission is conducted by using a static chamber at one landfill site in Xi'an, Northwest China. Additionally, a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model for multi-component gas transport in the soil and the static chamber is developed based on the dusty-gas model (DGM). The proposed model is validated by the field data obtained in this study and a set of experimental data in the literature. The results show that DGM model has a better capacity to predict gas transport under a wider range of permeability compared to Blanc's method. This is due to the fact that DGM model can explain the interaction among gases (e.g., CH4, CO2, O2, and N2) and the Knudsen diffusion process while these mechanisms are not included in Blanc's model. Increasing the size and the insertion depth of static chambers can reduce the relative error for the flux of CH4 and CO2. For example, increasing the height of chambers from 0.55 to 1.1 m can decrease relative errors of CH4 and CO2 flux by 17% and 18%, respectively. Moreover, we find that gas emission fluxes for the case with positive pressure differential (∆Pin-out) are greater than that of the case without considering pressure fluctuations. The Monte Carlo method was adopted to carry out the statistical analysis for quantifying the range of relative errors. The agreement of the measured field data and predicted results demonstrated that the proposed model has the capacity to quantify the emission of landfill gas from the landfill cover systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Xinru Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yunmin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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