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Roy M, Kraaijeveld E, Gude JCJ, van Genuchten CM, Rietveld LC, van Halem D. Embedding Fe(0) electrocoagulation in a biologically active As(III) oxidising filter bed. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121233. [PMID: 38330719 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Long-term consumption of groundwater containing elevated levels of arsenic (As) can have severe health consequences, including cancer. To effectively remove As, conventional treatment technologies require expensive chemical oxidants to oxidise neutral arsenite (As(III)) in groundwater to negatively charged arsenate (As(V)), which is more easily removed. Rapid sand filter beds used in conventional aeration-filtration to treat anaerobic groundwater can naturally oxidise As(III) through biological processes but require an additional step to remove the generated As(V), adding complexity and cost. This study introduces a novel approach where As(V), produced through biological As(III) oxidation in a sand filter, is effectively removed within the same filter by embedding and operating an iron electrocoagulation (FeEC) system inside the filter. Operating FeEC within the biological filter achieved higher As(III) removal (81 %) compared to operating FeEC in the filter supernatant (67 %). This performance was similar to an analogous embedded-FeEC system treating As(V)-contaminated water (85 %), confirming the benefits of incorporating FeEC in a biological bed for comparable As(III) and As(V) removal. However, operating FeEC in the sand matrix consumed more energy (14 Wh/m3) compared to FeEC operated in a water matrix (7 Wh/m3). The efficiency of As removal increased and energy requirements decreased in such embedded-FeEC systems by deep-bed infiltration of Fe(III)-precipitates, which can be controlled by adjusting flow rate and pH. This study is one of the first to demonstrate the feasibility of embedding FeEC systems in sand filters for groundwater arsenic removal. Such systems capitalise on biological As(III) oxidation in aeration-filtration, effectively eliminating As(V) within the same setup without the need for chemicals or major modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Roy
- Water Management Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Erik Kraaijeveld
- Water Management Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jink C J Gude
- NX Filtration BV, Josink Esweg 44, 7545PN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Case M van Genuchten
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Luuk C Rietveld
- Water Management Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Doris van Halem
- Water Management Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, the Netherlands
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Rahman S, Rahman IMM, Hasegawa H. Management of arsenic-contaminated excavated soils: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:118943. [PMID: 37748284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global sustainable development and underground space utilization projects have inadvertently exposed many excavated soils naturally contaminated with geogenic arsenic (As). Recent investigations have revealed that As in certain excavated soils, especially those originating from deep construction projects, has exceeded regulatory limits, threatening the environment and human health. While numerous remediation techniques exist for treating As-contaminated soil, the unique characteristics of geogenic As contamination in excavated soil require specific measures when leachable As content surpasses established regulatory limits. Consequently, several standard leaching tests have been developed globally to assess As leaching from contaminated soil. However, a comprehensive comparative analysis of these methods and their implementation in contaminated excavated soils remains lacking. Furthermore, the suitability and efficacy of most conventional and advanced techniques for remediating As-contaminated excavated soils remained unexplored. Therefore, this study critically reviews relevant literature and summarize recent research findings concerning the management and mitigation of geogenic As in naturally contaminated excavated soil. The objective of this study was to outline present status of excavated soil globally, the extent and mode of As enrichment, management and mitigation approaches for As-contaminated soil, global excavated soil recycling strategies, and relevant soil contamination countermeasure laws. Additionally, the study provides a concise overview and comparison of standard As leaching tests developed across different countries. Furthermore, this review assessed the suitability of prominent and widely accepted As remediation techniques based on their applicability, acceptability, cost-effectiveness, duration, and overall treatment efficiency. This comprehensive review contributes to a more profound comprehension of the challenges linked to geogenic As contamination in excavated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiqur Rahman
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ismail M M Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Zhu Z, Kong Y, Yang H, Tian Y, Zhou X, Zhu Y, Fang Z, Zhang L, Tang S, Fan Y. Effects of Pretreatment and Polarization Shielding on EK-PRB of Fe/Mn/C-LDH for Remediation of Arsenic Contaminated Soils. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:325. [PMID: 36678078 PMCID: PMC9860780 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, coupling electrokinetic (EK) with the permeable reactive barriers (PRB) of Fe/Mn/C-LDH composite was applied for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. By using self-made Fe/Mn/C-LDH materials as PRB filler, the effects of pretreatment and polarization shielding on EK-PRB of Fe/Mn/C-LDH for remediation of arsenic contaminated soils were investigated. For the pretreatment, phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid and water washing, and phosphate were adopted to reduce the influence of iron in soil. The addition of phosphate could effectively reduce the soil leaching toxicity concentration. The removal rate of the soil pretreated with phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid and water washing was better than with phosphate pretreatment. For the polarization shielding, circulating electrolyte, electrolyte type, anion and cation membranes, and the exchange of cathode and anode were investigated. The electrolyte circulates from the cathode chamber to the anode chamber through the peristaltic pump to control the pH value of the electrolyte, and the highest arsenic toxicity removal rate in the soil reaches 97.36%. The variation of total arsenic residue in soil using anion and cation membranes is the most regular. The total arsenic residue gradually decreases from cathode to anode. Electrode exchange can neutralize H+ and OH- produced by electrolyte, reduce the accumulation of soil cathode area, shield the reduction of repair efficiency caused by resistance polarization, enhance current, and improve the removal rate of arsenic in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiang Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Technical Innovation Center of Mine Geological Environmental Restoration Engineering in Southern Karst Area, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Yusong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hongqu Yang
- Chongqing Hechuan Ecology and Environment Monitoring Station, Chongqing 401519, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yinian Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhanqiang Fang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihao Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shen Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yinming Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Technical Innovation Center of Mine Geological Environmental Restoration Engineering in Southern Karst Area, Nanning 530022, China
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