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Guan Y, Jing Q, Wang S, Wang H, Chen W, Hua Y, Guo Z, Cui L, Huang C, Wang L, Kuang P, He X, Liu Z. Radioactivity research in mosses from typical Karst Regions in Leye Tiankeng, Southern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 261:107145. [PMID: 36870165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclides in environmental ecosystems have ecotoxicity and health impact on human and environment, so radioactive contamination has always been one of the global concerns. This study mainly focused on the radioactivity of mosses collected from the Leye Tiankeng Group in Guangxi. The activities of 239+240Pu measured by SF-ICP-MS and 137Cs measured by HPGe in moss and soil samples are as follows: 0-2.29 Bq/kg in mosses and 1.5-11.9 Bq/kg in soils for 137Cs, and 0.025-0.25Bq/kg in mosses and 0.07-0.51Bq/kg in soils for 239+240Pu. The range of 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios (0.201 in mosses and 0.184 in soils) and 239+240Pu/137Cs activity ratios (0.128 in mosses and 0.044 in soils) indicated that the 137Cs and 239+240Pu in study area were mainly contributed by global fallout. 137Cs and 239+240Pu showed similar distribution in soils. However, their behaviors in mosses were quite different due to the differences in the growth environment of mosses. The transfer factors of 137Cs and 239+240Pu from soil to moss varied in different growth stages and specific environments. A weak positive correlation among 137Cs, 239+240Pu in mosses and soil-derived radionuclides suggested that resettlement was predominant here. The negative correlation between 7Be, 210Pb and soil-derived radionuclides indicated that 7Be and 210Pb came from atmospheric components, while the weak correlation between them suggested that their specific sources were different. The Cu and Ni were moderately enriched in mosses here due to the use of agricultural fertilizers, At the same time, Zn was at a high level in the Lilang area, where transportation was more developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Guan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qiaoyan Jing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shenzhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuxin Hua
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zichen Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Liangjia Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chunping Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Pan Kuang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xianwen He
- Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, Nanning, 530222, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Stanojković JN, Nestorović SM, Radaković NZ, Čučulović RD, Sabovljević MS, Čučulović AA, Vujičić MM. The occurrence of 40K and 137Cs radioactivity in mosses during 2015-2019 in the Djerdap National Park (E. Serbia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:30972-30983. [PMID: 36441327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The radiation status of the national park (NP) Djerdap (Eastern Serbia) is characterized using bioindicators (mosses). Mosses (16 species, 156 samples) were collected randomly within the area of NP Djerdap during the month of June, periodically from 2015 to 2019. Samples were collected in the regions of Dobra, Donji Milanovac, and Tekija. Within the mosses, the presence of 40 K and 137Cs is regarded as a good indicator of radionuclides present in the environment due to their easy interchangeability with 39 K highly present in living moss organisms. The activity concentrations of gamma ray-emmiting radionuclides in samples were determined using high-resolution gamma ray spectrometry, an HPGe-ORTEC/Ametek detector. The determining activity concentrations of 40 K and 137Cs in collected samples were as follows: for 40 K from 31.4 to 721 Bq kg-1and for 137Cs varied from 2.6 to 908 Bq kg-1. The average activity concentrations of 40 K and 137Cs (Bq kg-1) in mosses in the period 2015-2019 were the lowest in moss samples collected in the Dobra region, and the highest in the area of Donji Milanovac. The most prevalent collected moss species within the Djerdap National Park was Hypnum cupressiforme. The determined activity concentrations in H. cupressiforme of 137Cs for the whole region of NP Djerdap for all 5 years was 78.1 ± 70.3 Bq kg-1 and of 40 K was 181 ± 86.1 Bq kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena N Stanojković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, Banatska 31B, Zemun, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Saša M Nestorović
- Public Company Djerdap National Park, Kralja Petra I 14a, 19220, Donji Milanovac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Z Radaković
- Public Company Djerdap National Park, Kralja Petra I 14a, 19220, Donji Milanovac, Serbia
| | - Rodoljub D Čučulović
- Business and Law Faculty, University MB, Prote Mateje 21, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko S Sabovljević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ana A Čučulović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy - INEP, Banatska 31B, Zemun, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad M Vujičić
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ren X, Wang J, Zhong Q, Bi Q, Zhu R, Du J. Radionuclide and trace metal accumulation in a variety of mosses used as bioindicators for atmospheric deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149224. [PMID: 34346378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mosses can be used as biological monitors to study metal pollution and the depositional fluxes of radionuclides. In this study, we analysed the concentrations of radionuclides (210Pb (210Pbex), 7Be, 137Cs, 40K, 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra and 228Th) and metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, V and Mn) in moss and soil samples from two different regions. The metal concentrations were higher in mainland China than in the Arctic region, and this is likely associated with the comparatively lower rates of industrial production and human activity in the Arctic region. Principal component analysis and correlation results revealed two radionuclides sources types in mosses, i.e., soil (40K, 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra and 228Ra) and atmospheric (210Pb (210Pbex), 7Be 137Cs). Clustering and correlation analyses showed that different sources such as traffic (suspended dust), fossil fuels, dry and wet deposition (atmosphere and rainfall), and soil contributed to metal accumulation in mosses. The correlation between radionuclides and metals supported these observations, confirmed the accuracy of our results, and suggests that radionuclides are useful for identifying the source of metals in moss samples. The concentration ratios (CR) values of the radionuclides and the bioaccumulation factor (BCF) and enrichment factor (EF) values of metals in mosses helped identify the most environmentally sensitive moss, i.e., BS (Bryum paradoxum), which can be used for screening and monitoring radionuclides and metal pollution in urban atmospheres. These results support the use of analysing radionuclides in mosses to identify metal sources, and the potential use of mosses can to determine the atmospheric deposition fluxes of radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Zhong
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qianqian Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Benítez Á, Armijos L, Calva J. Monitoring Air Quality with Transplanted Bryophytes in a Neotropical Andean City. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080821. [PMID: 34440565 PMCID: PMC8398276 DOI: 10.3390/life11080821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the main global environmental problems, where bryophytes, due to their high capacity to retain metals and other pollutants, have been widely used in active air quality monitoring studies in temperate and tropical zones. Thus, in this study, we analyzed for the first time the concentrations of eight metals (cadmium, copper, nickel, aluminum, iron, manganese, lead and zinc) in three species of transplanted mosses (Rhacocarpus purpurascens (Brid.) Paris, Sphagnum sp. and Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Schimp.) from Ecuador. Significant differences were found for the three species in the concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe and Zn between urban and control areas, pointing to the Central zone as the main source of contamination with the highest concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn and Zn, related to vehicular traffic. Lead did not differ between zones for Rhacocarpus purpurascens and Sphagnum sp.; however, Thuidium delicatulum accumulated different concentrations between urban areas and the control areas. The three species of mosses provided valuable information on the contamination of Al, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in the urban area of the city of Loja, and therefore can be used in future air quality monitoring programs over time in tropical cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Benítez
- Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Tropicales-BIETROP, Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
- Correspondence:
| | - Lizbeth Armijos
- Titulación de Biología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
| | - James Calva
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
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Girault F, Perrier F, Ourcival JM, Ferry R, Gaudemer Y, Bourges F, Didon-Lescot JF. Substratum influences uptake of radium-226 by plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142655. [PMID: 33153746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radium-226, an alpha emitter with half-life 1600 years, is ubiquitous in natural environments. Present in rocks and soils, it is also absorbed by vegetation. The efficiency of 226Ra uptake by plants from the soil is important to assess for the study of heavy metals uptake by plants, monitoring of radioactive pollution, and the biogeochemical cycle of radium in the Critical Zone. Using a thoroughly validated measurement method of effective 226Ra concentration (ECRa) in the laboratory, we compare ECRa values of the plant to that of the closest soil, and we infer the 226Ra soil-to-plant transfer ratio, RSP, for a total of 108 plant samples collected in various locations in France. ECRa values of plants range over five orders of magnitude with mean (min-max) of 1.66 ± 0.03 (0.020-113) Bq kg-1. Inferred RSP values range over four orders of magnitude with mean (min-max) of 0.0188 ± 0.0004 (0.00069-0.37). The mean RSP value of plants in granitic and metamorphic context (0.073 ± 0.002; n = 50) is significantly higher (12 ± 1 times) than that of plants in calcareous and sedimentary context (0.0058 ± 0.0002; n = 58). This difference, which cannot be attributed to a systematic difference in emanation coefficient, is likely due to the competition between calcium and radium. In a given substratum context, the compartments of a given plant species show coherent and decreasing RSP values in the following order (acropetal gradient): roots > bark > branches and stems ≈ leaves. Oak trees (Quercus genus) concentrate 226Ra more than other trees and plants in this set. While this study clearly demonstrates the influence of substratum on the 226Ra uptake by plants in non-contaminated areas, our measurement method appears as a promising practical tool to use for (phyto)remediation and its monitoring in uranium- and radium-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Girault
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Perrier
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ourcival
- CEFE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Roxane Ferry
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Gaudemer
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - François Bourges
- Géologie Environnement Conseil, 30 rue de la République, F-09200 Saint-Girons, France
| | - Jean-François Didon-Lescot
- Station de Recherches INRA/CNRS laboratoire ESPACE, 390 chemin des Boissières, F-30380 Saint Christol-lès-Alès, France
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Gulan L, Jakšić T, Milenkovic B, Stajic JM, Vasić P, Simić Z, Zlatić N. Mosses as bioindicators of radionuclide and metal pollution in northern Kosovo and Metohija mountain region. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Babić D, Skoko B, Franić Z, Senčar J, Šoštarić M, Petroci L, Avdić M, Kovačić M, Branica G, Petrinec B, Bituh T, Franulović I, Marović G. Baseline radioecological data for the soil and selected bioindicator organisms in the temperate forest of Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21040-21056. [PMID: 32266621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide baseline radioecological data for the temperate forest ecosystem in Plitvice Lakes National Park. Emphasis was placed on the determination of naturally occurring radionuclides since there is an acknowledged lack of data for these radionuclides in non-accident conditions in wildlife, even for bioindicator organisms. Activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th, 40K, 134Cs, and 137Cs were measured by gamma spectrometry in soil and bioindicators: earthworms, conifer needles, mosses, and lichens. From the measured activity concentrations, concentration ratios were calculated to quantify the transfer of these radionuclides from soil to bioindicators. Our results show that soil activity concentrations are biased toward results from other studies conducted within the Dinaric mountain region. However, in moss and lichen samples, we measured higher activity concentrations of 226Ra and lower activity concentrations of 40K and 137Cs in comparison to similar studies. Also, we estimated lower concentration ratios for all radionuclides from soil to these organisms, except for 210Pb, in comparison to generic values. The transfer of 238U was generally low for all of the bioindicator organisms. For conifer needles, a correlation was found between activity concentrations of 226Ra and 137Cs in soil and related concentration ratios. Correlation was also found between the activity concentration of 40K in soil and transfer of 40K and 137Cs to mosses and lichens. A comparison with literature data highlighted the lack of 226Ra related concentration ratios for conifer trees and especially for earthworms. Therefore, the results of this study could supplement the sparse data currently available on radionuclide background data in similar ecosystems and related soil-to-wildlife transfer of radionuclides. Dose rate assessments, performed by the ERICA Tool, estimated that 96% of the overall exposure of wildlife in the Park area is due to the background dose rates, while 0.06 μGy h-1 on average can be attributed as an incremental dose rate from 134Cs and 137Cs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Babić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božena Skoko
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zdenko Franić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Senčar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Šoštarić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljerka Petroci
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mak Avdić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milica Kovačić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gina Branica
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branko Petrinec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bituh
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Franulović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Marović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Mrdakovic Popic J, Oughton DH, Salbu B, Skipperud L. Transfer of naturally occurring radionuclides from soil to wild forest flora in an area with enhanced legacy and natural radioactivity in Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:350-363. [PMID: 31939460 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00408d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A study of transfer of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), thorium, uranium and their progeny, from soil to wild plant species was performed to evaluate the environmental impact in an area of enhanced natural and legacy radioactivity in Norway. Three sites were chosen for the study: NORM legacy mining, undisturbed 232Th-rich site and reference site. Tissue concentrations, transfer factors and radiation exposure doses were determined in nine wild plant species. High soil activity concentrations of NORM, statistically indistinguishable, were measured at legacy NORM and undisturbed 232Th-rich sites, respectively, while soil from the reference site exhibited a statistically lower activity concentration. Heterogeneous soil radionuclide distributions were observed. The mobile soil fraction of investigated radionuclides was significantly lower, but properly reflected in measured plant uptake. Plant tissue activity concentrations of NORM were significantly higher at both investigated 232Th-rich sites in comparison to the reference site and varied per plant species and analyzed radionuclide, for instance, from non-detectable 232Th in tree needles and leaves to significantly elevated values of measured 210Po in lichens. As expected, plant roots served as a natural translocation barrier, as the concentration of radionuclides in the analyzed samples was up to 88-fold higher than that in the corresponding aboveground plants. Transfer factors for 232Th, 238U, 226,228Ra and 210Po in the aboveground plants ranged broadly from 4 × 10-5 to 1 × 10-2; 1 × 10-4 to 4 × 10-2, 1.07 × 10-3 to 1.08; 2.18 × 10-2 to 9.53 × 10-2 and 9.18 × 10-2 to 9.69, respectively. Radiological exposure dose rates, calculated using the ERICA tool and site-specific data, were from 1 to 23 μGy h-1. Due to elevated NORM levels in analyzed plants, measured radiation exposure dose rates were higher than those of worldwide background biota. Still, the uptake of NORM, demonstrated in the current study, is not expected to cause significant changes at population levels in wild plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Mrdakovic Popic
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), Østerås, Norway. and Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Ås, Norway
| | - Deborah H Oughton
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Ås, Norway and Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Ås, Norway and Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Ås, Norway
| | - Lindis Skipperud
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Ås, Norway and Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Ås, Norway
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Zhong Q, Du J, Puigcorbé V, Wang J, Wang Q, Deng B, Zhang F. Accumulation of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in body profiles of Bryidae, a subgroup of mosses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:27872-27887. [PMID: 31346941 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mosses can be used as biomonitors to monitor radionuclide deposition and heavy metal pollution in cities, forests, and grasslands. The aims of this work were to determine the activity concentrations of natural (210Po, 210Pb or 210Pbex (excess 210Pb is defined as the activity of 210Pb minus the activity of 226Ra), 7Be, 40K, 226Ra, 238U, and 232Th) and anthropogenic radionuclides (137Cs) in moss body profiles and in situ underlying soils of moss samples and to assess/determine the distribution features and accumulation of these radionuclides. Activity concentrations of radionuclides in the samples were measured using a low-background gamma spectrometer and a low-background alpha spectrometer. Consistent with their source, the studied radionuclides in the moss samples and underlying soils were divided according to the principal component analysis (PCA) results into an airborne group (210Po, 210Pb (210Pbex), 7Be, and 137Cs) and a terrestrial group (40K, 238U, 226Ra, and 232Th). The activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pbex in moss body profiles were mainly concentrated in the stems-rhizoid parts, in which we measured some of the highest 210Po and 210Pbex levels compared to the results in the literature. 7Be mainly accumulated in the leaves-stem parts. Different positive correlations were observed between 210Po and 210Pb and between 7Be and 210Pb, which indicated that the uptake mechanisms of 210Po, 210Pb, and 7Be by moss plants were different, to some extent. 137Cs was detected only in some moss samples, and the fraction of 137Cs in the underlying soils was much lower than that in the moss, suggesting that mosses were protecting the underlying soils from further pollution. Except for 40K, the terrestrial radionuclide (238U, 226Ra, and 232Th) content in mosses was predominantly at low levels, which indicated not only the inability of mosses to use those elements for metabolic purposes but also the rather poor capability of mosses to directly mobilize, absorb, and transport elements (U, Ra, or Th) not dissolved in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Viena Puigcorbé
- School of Science, Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiugui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Fule Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Li C, Luo X. Enrichment effect of Hypnum plumaeforme on 210Po and 210Pb. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:140-147. [PMID: 31429316 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1652560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mosses have been widely used as bioindicators to investigate pollution and changes of heavy metals in different countries and regions. In this research, the field surveys were carried out for understanding the moss community and enrichment effects of the dominant species of mosses around the uranium mill tailings impoundment in South China, especially for the enriched contentions of 210Pb and 210Po in soil and Hypnum plumaeforme. The results showed that the maximum concentrations of U and 226Ra in the study sites were 93 mg kg-1 and 1130.8 Bq kg-1, respectively. The exhalation rate of 222Rn (ERRn), soil U, and 226Ra contents in SS1, SS2, and SS3 were higher than CKS. With the increase of the distance from the central well, the contents of nuclides (U and 226Ra) in soils and H. plumaeforme were both decreased. And, the bioconcentration factors of H. plumaeforme for 210Pb and 210Po ranged from 1.05 to 1.49, and 1.25 to 1.40, respectively, indicating an accumulation of 210Po and 210Pb from soil by H. plumaeforme. These results indicated that H. plumaeforme is hopeful to become an accumulator plant for remediation of radon pollution, and also can be used as a potential indicator plant for radon pollution monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Mianyang, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, PR China
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, PR China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Mianyang, PR China
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Žukauskaitė Z, Lukšienė B, Filistovič V, Tarasiuk N, Maceika E, Kazakevičiūtė-Jakučiūnienė L. Experimental and modelling studies of radiocesium sorption/desorption processes in the fixed-bed moss column. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 203:1-7. [PMID: 30836296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The experimental and modelling studies of the fixed-bed column filled with inanimate mosses Ptilium crista-castrensis containing background levels of 137Cs, flushed with the distilled water are presented. Fitting of the experimental results by Langmuir and Freundlich sorption models gave significant deviations. A more sophisticated two kinetic site model created for the case of non-equilibrium transport of the radiocesium solute through porous media was more suitable to describe the experimental data. It has been shown that theoretically the two site sorption model can be simplified to the conventional one kinetic site model with time dependent parameters. The radiocesium transport equation included the terms taking into account advection, dispersion and decay. General analytical solution was derived for two types of the border conditions: 1) when a constant flux of the material on the surface layer of the absorbent is known (i.e. a Cauchy type border condition); 2) a border condition with constant initial material concentrations. The mathematical solution was derived using the Laplace transformation method. In such a way, the obtained simulated profile of the radionuclide concentration distribution within the fixed-bed column with inanimate mosses showed the best-fitting to the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Žukauskaitė
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Benedikta Lukšienė
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vitold Filistovič
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nikolaj Tarasiuk
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Maceika
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Malikova IN, Strakhovenko VD, Shcherbov BL. Distribution of radionuclides in moss-lichen cover and needles on the same grounds of landscape-climatic zones of Siberia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 198:64-78. [PMID: 30592996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The radiation status of the landscape and climatic zones of Siberia at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries is characterized using bioindicators/biomonitors: lichens, mosses, and needles, according to the results obtained at the sites of their joint growth. The maximal activity of 137Cs in these components is observed in the forest-tundra landscaped zone, polluted during the period of nuclear tests from the nuclear test site "Novaya Zemlya" and also due to slow migration of these elements to the soil under the arctic conditions. In the southern territories the specific activity of radiocesium in the moss-lichen cover and needles of conifers corresponds to the regional background, in the forest-tundra zone it sometimes exceeds it, but in general does not pose a threat to human health. Determined differences in the contents of radioactive elements in lichens and mosses that grow together on sites in different landscape zones of Siberia statistically not significant within one or two standard deviations, and recorded only in the range of 3ϭ at the level of significance 0.05. Specificity of radionuclide distribution in lichens, mosses and needles (differences for epigeals and epiphytic lichens; different species selected at one site, annual and perennial needles, etc.) made it possible to identify the causes of variations in their activities in different zones, along with landscape features of these zones. In the needles of conifers potassium concentration exceeds the content in lichens, at lower levels of thorium and 137Cs. The contents of uranium and thorium in the studied components in all landscape-climatic zones correspond to the natural ones, except for the single local territories, because of the possible anthropogenic influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Malikova
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Acad. Koptyug Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - V D Strakhovenko
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Acad. Koptyug Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - B L Shcherbov
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Acad. Koptyug Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Wang ZT, Zheng J, Tagami K, Uchida S. Newly derived transfer factors for Th, Am, Pu, and Cl since publication of IAEA TRS No. 472: a review. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rakić M, Karaman M, Forkapić S, Hansman J, Kebert M, Bikit K, Mrdja D. Radionuclides in some edible and medicinal macrofungal species from Tara Mountain, Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:11283-92. [PMID: 24801292 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Edible and medicinal macrofungi used in human diet represent not only important sources of nutritive elements but toxic substances as well (heavy metals and radionuclides). Radioactivity levels of four radionuclides ((40)K, (137)Cs, (226)Ra, (228)Ra) were determined in the basidiomata (fruiting bodies of a Basidiomycetes) of six lignicolous (Fomitopsis pinicola, Ganoderma applanatum, Hericium clathroides, Megacollybia platyphylla, Pluteus cervinus, Trametes gibbosa) and three mycorrhizal (Boletus luridus, Boletus sp. 1, Boletus sp. 2) species as well as their soil (wood) substrates by gamma spectrometry (high-resolution high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector). The aim was to investigate their ability for radionuclide absorption according to transfer factors (from soil and wood), to predict potential bioindicator species as well as species with potential risk for human use. Samples were taken during years 2011 and 2012, at two sites in forest ecosystem of Tara Mountain (Serbia). Observed concentration ranges per dry weight were as follows: 29-3,020 Bq/kg ((40)K), 21.9-735 Bq/kg ((137)Cs), 3-39 Bq/kg ((226)Ra), and 2.0-18 Bq/kg ((228)Ra). Obtained results indicate that the type of basidiome (fleshy/tough), most likely due to a different metabolic rate, has a very important role in radionuclide accumulation. The highest activity concentrations of all analyzed radionuclides were found in species with fleshy basidiomata--P. cervinus, H. clathroides, M. platyphylla, and Boletus species. A species-specific influence on radionuclide uptake was more prominent comparing to habitat differences and the role of fungal trophic mode. No significant variations were observed regarding radionuclide activity among the same fungal species from different sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Rakić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia,
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Hu N, Ding D, Li G, Zheng J, Li L, Zhao W, Wang Y. Vegetation composition and ²²⁶Ra uptake by native plant species at a uranium mill tailings impoundment in South China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 129:100-106. [PMID: 24412774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A field investigation was conducted for the vegetation composition and (226)Ra uptake by native plant species at a uranium mill tailings impoundment in South China. 80 species belonging to 67 genera in 32 families were recorded in the sampling sites. The Poaceae and Asteraceae were the dominant families colonizing the impoundment. The number of the plant species and vegetation community composition in the sampling sites seemed most closely related to the activities of (226)Ra and the pH value of the uranium tailings. The plant species in the sampling sites with relatively low activities of (226)Ra and relatively high pH value formed a relatively stable vegetation community. The plant species in the sampling sites with medium activities of (226)Ra and medium pH value formed the transitional vegetation community. The plant species in the sampling sites with relatively high activities of (226)Ra and relatively low pH value formed a simple unstable vegetation community that was similar to that on the unused grassland. The activities of (226)Ra and transfer factors (TFs) varied greatly with the plant species. The high activities of (226)Ra and TFs were found in the leaves of Pteris multifida (150.6 Bq/g of AW; 9.131), Pteridium aquilinum (122.2 Bq/g of AW; 7.409), and Dryopteris scottii (105.7 Bq/g of AW; 6.408). They satisfied the criteria for a hyperaccumulator for (226)Ra. They may be the candidates for phytoremediation of (226)Ra in the uranium mill tailings impoundment areas and the contaminated soils around.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Dexin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Guangyue Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jifang Zheng
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Le Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Weichao Zhao
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
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Popic JM, Salbu B, Strand T, Skipperud L. Assessment of radionuclide and metal contamination in a thorium rich area in Norway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:1730-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10107b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dragović S, Janković Mandić L. Transfer of radionuclides to ants, mosses and lichens in semi-natural ecosystems. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2010; 49:625-634. [PMID: 20706729 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of data on transfer of both natural and anthropogenic radionuclides to detritivorous invertebrates for use in the assessment of radiation exposure. Although mosses and lichens have been extensively used in biomonitoring programs, the data on transfer of radionuclides to these species are limited, particularly for natural radionuclides. To enhance the available data, activity concentrations of (137)Cs, (226)Ra and (228)Ra were measured in ants, mosses and lichens and corresponding undisturbed soil collected from semi-natural ecosystems in Serbia and Montenegro and biota/soil concentration ratios (CR) calculated. Since the majority of internal dose to biota is expected to come from (40)K, the activity concentrations of this radionuclide were also determined. The mean CR values for (137)Cs, (226)Ra and (228)Ra in ants analyzed in this study were found to be 0.02, 0.06 and 0.02, respectively. The mean CR values of radionuclides in mosses were found to be 2.84 for (137)Cs, 0.19 for (226)Ra and 0.16 for (228)Ra, while those in lichens were found to be 1.08 for (137)Cs, 0.15 for (226)Ra and 0.13 for (228)Ra. The CR values obtained in this study were compared with default CR values used in the ERICA Tool database and also with those reported in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dragović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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