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Khasanov S, Tukhtaev U, Mamatkulov O, Safarov A, Afsharipour S. Natural radionuclide profiles and radiological risks in soils and rocks of the Koytash-Ugam Range, Uzbekistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:847. [PMID: 39190160 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
This investigation quantifies the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) in the soils and certain rocks of the Koytash-Ugam Range, Uzbekistan, and assesses their radiological risks. Gamma-spectrometric analysis of soil and rock samples revealed activity concentrations ranging from 456.2 ± 56.0 to 813.9 ± 76.0 Bq kg-1 for 40K, 18.2 ± 6.3 to 70.0 ± 12.0 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, and 30.1 ± 2.9 to 57.9 ± 10 Bq kg-1 for 232Th. This data indicates a heterogeneous distribution of radionuclides, informing radiation safety and health risk assessments on a global scale. The calculation of radiological hazard indices, including the alpha-index (ranging from 0.09 to 0.35), gamma-index (ranging from 0.40 to 0.73), and both internal (ranging from 0.40 to 0.54) and external (ranging from 0.36 to 0.54) hazard indices, was undertaken to ascertain potential health risks. The radium equivalent activity ranged from 108.4 to 199.3 Bq kg-1, and the absorbed dose rates were 51.0-93.3 nGy h-1 indoors and 96.6-178.2 nGy h-1 outdoors. These metrics underlie the estimated annual effective dose of 536.5-988.5 × 10-3 mSv y-1, highlighting the variability in radiation exposure. Additionally, the potential lifetime cancer risk was projected at 1770.4 to 3262.0 per million, with an annual gonadal dose equivalent of 361.9 to 655.5 μSv y-1, reflecting natural background radiation influence. The results underscore the importance of safe material use in construction and the necessity for routine natural radioactivity monitoring. Radon flux density (RFD) values within acceptable construction limits (26-176 mBq m-2 s-1) suggest the area's suitability for development, considering recommended safety guidelines. This study not only aids local environmental and public health frameworks but also enriches the international knowledge base, facilitating comparative studies for the advancement of global radiation protection standards. Through a detailed examination of radionuclide distribution in an under-researched area, our research highlights the critical need for integrated international approaches to natural radiological hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulugbek Tukhtaev
- Samarkand State University, 140104, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
- Samarkand Branch of National Institute of Metrology of Uzbekistan, 140105, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Askar Safarov
- Samarkand State University, 140104, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Seyedkarim Afsharipour
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Kulal C, Surathkal G, Mallaiah SH. Dose and transfer factor ofn 40K in medicinal plants. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:1090-1095. [PMID: 39016500 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The presence of naturally occurring radionuclides is common in all living and non-living frameworks, which are part of our environment. The activity concentration of 40K radionuclide was estimated using gamma spectrometry in some medicinal plants and transfer factors (TF), and Average Annual Committed Effective Dose (AACED) was evaluated. The standard methods were followed in the process of sample collection and processing. The mean activity concentrations of 40K were 223 and 1330 Bq kg-1 in soil and medicinal plants, respectively. The mean TF and AACED were found to be 6.5 and 8.2 μ Sv y-1, respectively. Higher activity concentration was observed in some medicinal plants due to the selective and preferential uptake of this radionuclide depending on their medicinal utility. The study may help to form the database and safety regulations connected with 40K activity in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekara Kulal
- Department of Physics, St. Philomena College, DARBE, Puttur, Karnataka 574 202, India
| | - Gunakara Surathkal
- Department of Commerce, Pompei College Aikala, Kinnigoli, Mangaluru, Karnataka 574 141, India
| | - Somashekarappa H Mallaiah
- University Science and Instrumentation Centre, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru 574 199, India
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Ugbede FO, Agbajor GK, Akpolile AF, Popoola FA, Okoye ONN, Akpobasahan EA, Umeche MA. Ingestion exposure of public to natural radionuclides and committed effective dose and cancer risk through tuber crops cultivated in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1385. [PMID: 37889342 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Internal exposure of public to radiation arising from ingestion of natural radionuclides in tuber crops of Ebonyi State origin was investigated in this study. Committed effective doses and lifetime cancer risk of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th in cassava, cocoyam, water yam, and white yam were calculated. The average activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th determined by gamma spectrometric Na (TI) detector were, respectively, 199.15 ± 23.51, 77.57 ± 7.98, and 118.20 ± 10.72 Bq/kg in cassava; 146.62 ± 40.69, 43.42 ± 7.63, and 75.61 ± 2.89 Bq/kg in cocoyam; 162.81 ± 20.43, 63.17 ± 11.36, and 81.50 ± 10.27 Bq/kg in water yam; and 184.50 ± 20.22, 80.23 ± 10.93, and 116.29 ± 5.93 Bq/kg in white yam. The total committed effective dose via ingestion aligned in this order of cassava (7.05 mSv/year) > white yam (4.38 mSv/year) > water yam (0.42 mSv/year) > cocoyam (0.21 mSv/year) with overall average dose of 3.12 mSv/year. The values of dose were higher than world average of 0.29 mSv/year given by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The lifetime cancer risk values were above tolerance level of >10-4 prescribed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), suggesting probable evolvement of radiogenic cancer morbidity. The data presented in this study contributes to baseline information on radiological characteristics of tuber crops in Ebonyi, which would be valuable to WHO/FAO food safety policy in Nigeria and rest of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felix Adegoke Popoola
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Glorious Vision University (Formerly Samuel Adegboyega University), Ogwa, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Okechukwu N N Okoye
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Oladele BB, Ugbede FO, Arogunjo AM, Ajayi OS, Pereira A. Gamma spectroscopy study of soil-plant transfer factor characteristics of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra in some crops cultivated in southwestern region of Nigeria. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19377. [PMID: 37662744 PMCID: PMC10474469 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil-plant transfer factor (TF) is one of the vital variables employed in assessing plants uptake of radionuclides and their transfer to food chain for predictive ingestion dose and risk evaluation. To further this goal, the TF characteristics of natural 40K, 232Th and 226Ra were thus investigated in some crops (yam, cassava, rice, maize, groundnut, cowpea, okra, pumpkin leaf, banana and pawpaw) cultivated in southwestern part of Nigeria using HPGe gamma spectroscopy. The obtained results of activity concentration (AC) of the radionuclides across all the cultivated soil samples indicated average values that are less than the global average, whereas in the crops, average values of 226Ra and 232Th, were higher than reference values for different crops group. The overall range of the calculated TF of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra across all the crops was 0.05 (in maize and cowpea) to 15.01 (in banana), 0.01 (in pumpkin leaf and groundnut) to 19.80 (in pawpaw), and 0.04 (in cassava) to 21.30 (in cowpea), respectively. Overall arithmetic mean and geometric mean were estimated as 2.66 and 1.60, 1.11 and 0.43, and 1.10 and 0.54 for 40K, 232Th and 226Ra, respectively. TFs mostly correlated negatively with soil radionuclides, while positive correlation was mostly noticeable in the case of crop. Log normal transform of the TFs data indicated a near normal distribution as against the calculated data. The derived results of this study is here presented as a baseline data suggested for possible radiological risk assessment of food chain of the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oladele Samuel Ajayi
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Alcides Pereira
- Environmental Radioactivity Department, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Siraz MMM, Das SK, Mondol MS, Alam MS, Al Mahmud J, Rashid MB, Khandaker MU, Yeasmin S. Evaluation of transfer factors of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K radionuclides from soil to grass and mango in the northern region of Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:579. [PMID: 37067680 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bangladesh is a rapidly developing country, which is vulnerable to various types of pollution due to the large-scale industrial and associated human activities that might potentially affect the locally harvested foodstuffs. Therefore, the transfer factor is an essential tool to assess the safety of foodstuffs due to the presence of natural radioactivity in environmental matrix and/or strata. This is a first study of its kind conducted in a well-known region for mango farming in Bangladesh, measuring the uptake of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) by grass and mango from soil to assess the ingestion doses to humans. The HPGe gamma-ray detector was used to determine the concentrations of NORMs in samples of soil (20), grass (10), and mango (10), which were then used to calculate the transfer factors of soil to grass and soil to mango. Average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in associated soil samples (47.27 ± 4.10, 64.49 ± 4.32, 421.60 ± 28.85) of mango and 226Ra and 232Th in associated soil samples (45.07 ± 3.93, 52.17 ± 3.95) of grass were found to exceed the world average values. The average transfer factors (TFs) for mango were obtained in the order of 40K(0.80) > 226Ra (0.61) > 232Th (0.31), and for grass, it shows the order of 40K (0.78) > 232Th (0.64) > 226Ra (0.56). However, a few values (3 mango samples and 3 grass samples) of the estimated TFs exceeded the recommended limits. Moreover, Bangladesh lacks the transfer factors for most of the food crops; therefore, calculation of TFs in the major agricultural products is required all over Bangladesh, especially the foodstuffs produced near the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant, which is scheduled to be commissioned in 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Mahfuz Siraz
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - S K Das
- Department of Physics, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh.
| | - M S Mondol
- Department of Physics, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - M S Alam
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jubair Al Mahmud
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bazlar Rashid
- Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Segunbaghicha, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, DIU Rd, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - S Yeasmin
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Karunakara N, D'Souza RS, Nayak SR, Bharath S, Krishnan KA, Dileep BN, Ravi PM. Quantification of excess Carbon-14 specific activity in terrestrial biota in the off-site locations of the PHWR nuclear power plant at Kaiga, India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159756. [PMID: 36461574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This is the first detailed study on 14C activity in the environment surrounding a nuclear facility in India. Samples of food matrices and wild plants from the off-site locations of the PHWR nuclear power plant (NPP) at Kaiga were analysed by liquid scintillation spectrometry, results were validated by accelerator mass spectrometry, and an extensive database (N = 142) was established. The stable isotope ratio of carbon (δ13C) in terrestrial plants varied from -33.5 to -23.3 ‰. The maximum excess 14C activity recorded in terrestrial biota was 44 Bq kg-1C (19 pMC). About 75 % of the samples exhibited specific activity in the range 228-249 Bq kg-1C (101-110 pMC). Statistical tests on the 14C specific activity dataset for 2.3-5, 5-10, and 10-20 km radial zones confirmed that the impact of the operation of the NPP on the environment beyond 5 km is minimal. The study suggests that the 14C activity released through gaseous effluents from Kaiga NPP is transported to greater distances along the axis of the valley than that predicted by the Gaussian plume model and those reported for other NPP sites worldwide. This is due to the unique topography of the Kaiga valley in which wind flow channelling, strong winds in the valley mouth, and calm wind within the valley due to the blocking effect by hills for the south-westerly wind regime play dominant roles in the transport of gaseous effluents. The 14C specific activity values at upwind monitoring stations located at >5 km distance from the NPP during the south-westerly wind regime were higher than those observed during the north-easterly wind regime when the same monitoring stations were located on the downwind side. The ingestion dose to the population in the 2.3-5 km radius zone, attributable to the release of 14C from the NPP, was 0.75 μSv y-1. This is a negligibly small fraction of the ICRP recommended dose limit of 1000 μSv y-1 for the public from other than natural sources. The dose due to the natural 14C activity in the Kaiga region was 12 µSv y-1, corresponding to the ambient natural activity of 230 Bq kg-1 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, India.
| | - Renita Shiny D'Souza
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, India
| | - S Rashmi Nayak
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, India
| | - S Bharath
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, India
| | - K Arya Krishnan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, India
| | - B N Dileep
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, India
| | - P M Ravi
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, India
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Bharath, Arya Krishnan K, D'Souza RS, Rashmi Nayak S, Dileep BN, Ravi PM, Mangavi SS, Salunke GS, Veerendra D, Karunakara N. Carbon-14 emission from the pressurized heavy water reactor nuclear power plant at Kaiga, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 255:107006. [PMID: 36162146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This is a detailed study on oxide (CO2) and reduced (hydrocarbons, CnHm) forms of 14C releases through gaseous effluents from the Kaiga nuclear power plant (NPP), on the West Coast of India, where 4 × 220 MW(e) pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) are operating. The gaseous effluent from the common stack of reactor units 3 and 4 (each of 220 MW(e)) was sampled from 2017 to 2020 for 14C activity monitoring and analysed for 14C activity by liquid scintillation counting. The normalized release rate corresponding to the four-year monitoring period had a geometric mean value of 0.12 TBq GW(e)-1 a-1 (geometric standard deviation = 7.4), and the arithmetic mean with associated standard deviation was 0.75 ± 1.47 TBq GW(e)-1 a-1. The relative percentage contribution of reduced form (CH4) of 14C species was less than 1.27% of the total release. The normalized release rate from Kaiga NPP was similar to those reported for the other PHWR NPPs of the world. The 14C specific activity in the ambient air in the vicinity of the NPP was monitored at four locations. The maximum excess 14C activity values in the ambient air in the vicinity of the NPP, evaluated by comparing the specific activity recorded for the clean air region at ∼300 km from the NPP, were 65.1 Bq kg-1C (28.76 pMC) and 222.4 Bq kg-1C (98.23 pMC) for the years 2019 and 2020 respectively. In addition, the release rates were calculated from the Gaussian plume model using site-specific atmospheric dilution factors and the excess 14C specific activity measured at four off-site monitoring stations. The calculated values of release rates were in agreement (within a factor of ∼3) with the measured values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - K Arya Krishnan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - Renita Shiny D'Souza
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - S Rashmi Nayak
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - B N Dileep
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - P M Ravi
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India
| | - S S Mangavi
- Health Physics Unit, Kaiga Generating Station, Kaiga, 581 400, India
| | - G S Salunke
- Chemistry Control Laboratory, Kaiga Generating Station, Kaiga, 581 400, India
| | - D Veerendra
- Health Physics Unit, Kaiga Generating Station, Kaiga, 581 400, India
| | - N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, India.
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Prabhu U, Shanker J. A REVIEW OF 137CS TRANSFER FACTOR STUDIES FOR INDIAN ENVIRONS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1509-1515. [PMID: 36177662 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there have been conscious efforts put by researchers in India to generate the soil-to-plant 137Cs transfer factor values. This review study is aimed at providing a comprehensive background of 137Cs transfer rates around the environs of a few nuclear power plant sites of India. As a part of this, the study looked into 137Cs transfer rates from soil to various plant species. The effort was made to quantify the transfer rates of 137Cs and various parameters affecting the movement of 137Cs in the terrestrial environment. The past and current knowledge on 137Cs transfer factors available in the literature were reviewed thoroughly and highlighted the need for incorporating lesser known and overlooked aspects of radionuclide behaviour for future studies. The paper also tried to identify and highlight the gaps and inconsistencies in the reported values of 137Cs transfer factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujwal Prabhu
- Department of Science and Humanities (Physics), Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajaram Nagar, Tal. Walwa Dist., Sangli 415414, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jada Shanker
- Department of Science and Humanities (Physics), St. Peter's Engineering College, Dullapally, Maisammaguda, Medchal, Hyderabad 500100, Telangana, India
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Ujwal P, Yashodhara I, Sudeep Kumara K, Ravi PM, Karunakara N. Environmental transfer parameters of strontium for soil to cow milk pathway for tropical monsoonal climatic region of the Indian subcontinent. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7528. [PMID: 35534517 PMCID: PMC9085734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The radionuclide transfer between compartments is commonly described by transfer parameters representing the ratio of concentrations of an element in two compartments for equilibrium conditions. This is a comprehensive study on the soil-to-grass transfer factor (Fv) and grass-to-cow milk transfer coefficient (Fm) for stable strontium (Sr) for soil-grass (pasture)-cow (Bos taurus) milk environmental pathway under field conditions for a high rainfall tropical monsoonal climatic region of the Indian subcontinent. The study was conducted in the vicinity of the Kaiga nuclear power plant (NPP), situated ~ 58 km inland of the West Coast of the Indian subcontinent. A grass field was developed exclusively for this study, and two cows of the native breed were raised to graze on it. The soil, grass, and milk were analyzed to evaluate the Fv and the Fm values for the stable Sr. For comparison, several pasture lands and the cows raised by the villagers and a dairy farm were also studied. The Fv values were in the range 0.18-8.6, the geometric mean (GM) being 1.8. The correlations of Fv values with a range of physicochemical parameters are presented. The GM values for Fm were 2.2 × 10-3 d L-1 and 7.2 × 10-3 d L-1 for the two cows raised for this study, 2.6 × 10-3 d L-1 for those raised by the villagers, and 4.2 × 10-3 d L-1 for the dairy farm. The site-specific Fm value for the region was determined as 3.2 × 10-3 d L-1. The concentration ratio (CR), defined as the ratio of Sr concentration in milk to that in feed under equilibrium conditions, exhibited less variability (1.8 × 10-2-5.4 × 10-2) among the three categories of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ujwal
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
- Department of Science and Humanities, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Sangli, Maharastra, 415414, India
| | - I Yashodhara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - K Sudeep Kumara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - P M Ravi
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India.
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Chaudhury D, Sen U, Sahoo BK, Bhat NN, Kumara K S, Karunakara N, Biswas S, Shenoy P S, Bose B. Thorium promotes lung, liver and kidney damage in BALB/c mouse via alterations in antioxidant systems. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:109977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Levels of 226Ra in some paddy soils in the Mekong Delta region (Vietnam): current status and long-term assessment. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Characteristics of radionuclides in soil and tea plant (Camellia sinensis) in Hoa Binh, Vietnam. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ugbede FO, Osahon OD. Soil-to-plant transfer factors of 238U and 232Th in rice from Ezillo paddy fields, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 233:106606. [PMID: 33812178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of radionuclides by plants and their subsequent relocation to the human body through ingestion is one major pathway of human internal exposure. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the levels of natural radionuclides, 238U and 232Th, in soil of Ezillo paddy fields (field 1 and field 2) at depths 0-4 cm and 4-8 cm, their transfer and accumulation in rice grains. The mean concentrations of both radionuclides in the soil were clearly greater than the UNSCEAR estimated worldwide average while that of the rice with values of 11.7 ± 4.3 and 3.0 ± 1.3 Bq/kg in field 1 and 8.5 ± 4.2 and 4.3 ± 1.6 Bq/kg in field 2 for 238U and 232Th respectively, were well below the worldwide average. The radionuclide transfer factors (TFs) across both depths ranged from 0.03 to 0.67 and 0.01 to 1.20 for 238U and 232Th respectively. The overall geometric means and geometric standard deviations of the TF estimated in field 1 were respectively 0.22 and 1.52 for 238U and 0.18 and 4.21 for 232Th (soil,0-4cm); 0.43 and 1.80 for 238U and 0.18 and 3.79 for 232Th (soil,4-8cm) whereas in field 2 the values were respectively 0.12 and 2.62 for 238U and 0.06 and 4.15 for 232Th (soil,0-4cm); 0.11 and 1.85 for 238U and 0.12 and 4.15 for 232Th (soil,4-8cm). The nuclide concentrations in the rice and the present TFs are within the ranges of values in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Oghenebrorie Ugbede
- Department of Physics with Electronics, College of Science, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Okhuomaruyi David Osahon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria
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Mostafa MYA, Kadhim NF, Ammer H, Baqir Y. The plant transfer factor of natural radionuclides and the soil radiation hazard of some crops. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:320. [PMID: 33942177 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the transfer factors of the natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K were estimated for several crops cultivated in farms in the suburbs of Baghdad and one farm in Al-Najaf. The transfer factor (TF) is the ratio of activity transfers from soil to plant. The specific activities of the natural radionuclides were measured with a gamma-ray spectrometer with a HPGe detector. The crops include cereals (rice and wheat), fruits (lemons and oranges), podded vegetables (vigna and okra), fruity vegetables (chili peppers and Solanum melongena), and leafy vegetables (Apium graveolens, Raphanus sativus, and Ocimum basilicum). The results showed that the highest transfer factors for 238U, 232Th, and 40K are 0.32, 0.70, and 3.44, respectively, in wheat. The average transfer factors for 238U and 232Th were founded 0.23 and 0.2 which are lower than the default unitiy value but the 1.85 were reported for 40K higher than unity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Y A Mostafa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
- Ural Federal University, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Nada Farhan Kadhim
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hassan Ammer
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yassir Baqir
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Duong NT, Van Hao D, Bui VL, Duong DT, Phan TT, Le Xuan H. Natural radionuclides and assessment of radiological hazards in MuongHum, Lao Cai, Vietnam. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:128671. [PMID: 33139047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
226Ra, 238U, 4 K, and 232Th (228Ra) activity concentrations of 61 soil samples distributed surrounding the rare earth element mine (NORM), MH, Lao Cai, Vietnam have been measured by HPGe detector. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 238U, 4 K, and 232Th (228Ra) range from 1179 to 6291 Bq/kg, from 1024 to 8351 Bq/kg, from 260 to 3519 Bq/kg, and from 1476 to 35546 Bq/kg in the ore body and from 21.3 to 964 Bq/kg, from 23.4 to 1635 Bq/kg, from 124 to 3788 Bq/kg, and from 40.9 to 6107 Bq/kg outside the ore body in respective. The study area is considered as the high local natural background radiation with the concentration of 226Ra, 238U, 4 K, and 232Th (228Ra) of 156, 254, 647, and 908 Bq/kg in respective. Regarding the spatial distribution, the measured radionuclide concentrations are independent of the distance from measured points to the ore body. With regard to the hazard indices, the average calculated radiological hazard indices, including absorbed gamma dose rate, effective dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk significantly exceed the global average values. There is a disequilibrium between 238U/226Ra concentrations in studied soil samples. The results also found that the 232Th (228Ra) concentration and total absorbed gamma dose rate show a strong positive correlation (coefficient of determination, R2 = 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Duong
- Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, No 18, Vien Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Duong Van Hao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Van Loat Bui
- Faculty of Physics, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Duc Thang Duong
- Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vinatom, 179 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Trong Trinh Phan
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Hoan Le Xuan
- Radioactive & Rare Minerals Division, Xuan Phuong, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Ugbede FO, Osahon OD, Agbalagba EO. Radiological Risk Assessment of 238U, 232Th and 40K in Soil and Their Uptake by Rice Cultivated in CAS Paddy Environment of Abakaliki, Nigeria. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Bharath S, Arya Krishnan K, D'Souza RS, Rashmi Nayak S, Ravi PM, Sharma R, Kumar P, Chopra S, Karunakara N. Optimisation of CO 2 absorption and liquid scintillation counting method for carbon-14 specific activity measurement in atmospheric air. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 172:109685. [PMID: 33799067 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of 14C activity in the ambient air was optimised with the development of a simple setup for the regeneration of CO2 from carbonate sample and saturating the absorber in <45 min for direct determination of activity by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). Atmospheric CO2 was trapped in NaOH solution and precipitated as BaCO3 by adding BaCl2. The carbonate sample was taken in a newly designed regeneration system, subjected to acid hydrolysis, and the absorber (CarboSorb-E) was saturated with the CO2 regenerated from carbonate sample. This allowed optimisation of CO2 absorption by the absorber (up to ~ 2.3941 g of CO2/10 mL with an average of 2.1688 g) and a minimum detectable activity value of 14 Bq kg-1C for a counting time of 300 min (8 Bq kg-1C for 1000 min) was achieved with Quantulus - 1220 LSC system. The necessity of (i) the measurement of the total volume of air sampled, (ii) the determination of trapping efficiency for CO2 in the NaOH, recovery of 14C in chemical processing of BaCO3, and subsequent regeneration and absorption processes, and (iii) independent determination of carbon content in the air for expressing the results in terms of 14C specific activity (Bq kg-1C), are avoided in this method. The method is capable of yielding accurate results, in a considerably shorter time when compared to previously reported methods, with a deviation of <2.2% from the target value (with a relative standard deviation of 1.1%, and a relative error of 0.53%) when ambient air samples from clean air region (region not affected by local anthropogenic sources of 14C) are analysed. Validation of the method was performed by (i) analysing BaCO3 sample derived from ambient air by accelerator mass spectrometry, and (ii) analysing the CO2 produced from the combustion of IAEA C3 reference material. Upon validation, the suitability of the method for determining small excess 14C specific activity in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bharath
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - K Arya Krishnan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - Renita Shiny D'Souza
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - S Rashmi Nayak
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - P M Ravi
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - Rajveer Sharma
- Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Near Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Near Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sundeep Chopra
- Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Near Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India.
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Gamma spectrometric measurement of natural radionuclides and associated radiation hazards in soil of small-scale paddy farms along Enugu-Abakaliki express way, Southeastern Nigeria. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Loan TTH, Ba VN, Dan DTT, Tri VM, Hong HTY, Thy THN, Linh NTT, Hao LC, Phuong HT. Impacts of TENORM from fertilizers on soil and vegetables and the effective dose rate due to ingestion of vegetables at the agricultural zone in Vietnam. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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D'Souza RS, Nayak SR, Mohan MP, Bharath S, Arya Krishnan K, Kamath S, Diéguez A, Agulló L, Gómez-Martínez I, Santos-Arévalo FJ, García-Tenorio R, Ravi PM, Karunakara N. Optimisation of a batch thermal combustion method using a tube furnace oxidation system (pyrolyser) and LSC for carbon-14 determination in environmental matrices. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 226:106345. [PMID: 33032834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accelerator mass spectrometry and benzene synthesis coupled with liquid scintillation spectrometry are often used for accurate measurements of 14C activity in the environmental matrices. Thermal oxidation is one of the methods employed for 14C determination in environmental matrices. In this method, the sample is oxidised at high temperature (600-900 °C) to convert carbon species to CO2 and trapped in an amine-based absorber for determining the activity in a liquid scintillation counting (LSC) system. In this study, the performance of a commercially available tube furnace system (pyrolyser), for batch combustion of samples, was evaluated for the determination of 14C specific activity in terrestrial biota samples. Significant improvements over the manufacturer specified method, which is primarily designed for analysis of samples with activity well above the environmental background level, was implemented to achieve accurate determination of 14C specific activity at ambient background level. In the improved method, the CO2 produced from the combustion of the sample was isolated from the combustion products through cryogenic trapping and then absorbed in the absorber (Carbo-Sorb E) through a simple off-line transfer process. This allowed (i) optimisation of CO2 absorption by the absorber (2.2477 g of CO2/10 mL), (ii) achieving good accuracy and precision in the measurements, and a minimum detectable activity value of 13 Bq kg-1C for a counting time of 300 min (7 Bq kg-1C for 1000 min), (iii) avoiding uncertainty associated with the determination of recovery of 14C in the combustion and trapping process, and (iv) elimination of the need for an independent determination of carbon content (%) for expressing the results in terms of 14C specific activity. The method is capable of yielding accurate results with a deviation of <2.4% from the target value for IAEA C3 quality assurance reference material (with a relative standard deviation of 1.40%, and relative error of 0.34%). The combined uncertainty (1σ) associated with the measurements was computed to be 3.4%. Upon optimisation, the suitability of the method for the determination of 14C specific activity in typical terrestrial biota samples of clean air region (region not affected by local anthropogenic sources) and for the quantification of a small increase in the 14C activity above ambient levels in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renita Shiny D'Souza
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - S Rashmi Nayak
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - M P Mohan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - S Bharath
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - K Arya Krishnan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - Srinivas Kamath
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - A Diéguez
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, Av. Thomas Alva Edison 7, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - L Agulló
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, Av. Thomas Alva Edison 7, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - I Gómez-Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, Av. Thomas Alva Edison 7, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - F J Santos-Arévalo
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, Av. Thomas Alva Edison 7, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - R García-Tenorio
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, Av. Thomas Alva Edison 7, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - P M Ravi
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India.
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Hassan YM, Zaid HM, Guan BH, Khandaker MU, Bradley D, Sulieman A, Latif SA. Radioactivity in staple foodstuffs and concomitant dose to the population of Jigawa state, Nigeria. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Thien BN, Ba VN, Vy NTT, Loan TTH. Estimation of the soil to plant transfer factor and the annual organ equivalent dose due to ingestion of food crops in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127432. [PMID: 32599386 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, soil-to-plant transfer factor and annual organ equivalent dose due to ingestion of natural radionuclides in 13 popular food crop samples in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam were estimated. The obtained data show that the radioactive elements transported from soil to plants play an essential role as indicators for the nutritional needs of plant and the ability to accumulate radioisotopes and heavy metal elements for environmental decontamination. It is found that B. alba and C. gigantean is useful for decontamination of high content potassium in soil, otherwise, P. fruticosa and C. gigantean may be used for soil with high concentration of 210Pb and 226Ra. In addition, biological effects of the plant ingestion in human body were assessed. The doses due to ingestion of food crop samples varied from organ to organ, depending on the organotrophic properties of the radionuclides. For examples, equivalent dose for 40K in large intestine is higher than other organs. In contrast, equivalent dose for 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb and 232Th were mostly at bone surface. In general, the obtained dose values of lower than the average value recommended by UNSCEAR for food crop ingestion pose no threat to the public's health. However, close investigations are needed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Ngoc Thien
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Ngoc Ba
- Nuclear Technique Laboratory, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Thao Vy
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Truong Thi Hong Loan
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Nuclear Technique Laboratory, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Kulal C, Padhi RK, Venkatraj K, Satpathy KK, Mallaya SH. Study on Trace Elements Concentration in Medicinal Plants Using EDXRF Technique. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:293-302. [PMID: 31919788 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ten medicinal plants used as ingredients of folklore and Ayurvedic medicine belonging to the Malnad Kerala region of South India, were analysed for concentrations of trace elements Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb using the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. The soil from the root area of these medicinal plants was also analysed, and the soil to plant transfer factor (TF) of the elements was estimated. Iron (Fe) recorded higher concentration than the other trace elements estimated in the medicinal plants, followed by manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). The mean TF was found to be highest for Zn. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng recorded the maximum value of TF for Zn. Most of the essential elements were found to be present in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban and indicated its medicinal importance. The data obtained in the present investigation may add up to the trace elemental database of medicinal plants in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranjib Kumar Padhi
- Environment and Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, 603 102, Kalpakkam, India
| | - Kanagasabapathy Venkatraj
- Environment and Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, 603 102, Kalpakkam, India
| | - Kamala Kantha Satpathy
- Environment and Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, 603 102, Kalpakkam, India
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Karunakara N, Shetty T, Sahoo BK, Kumara KS, Sapra BK, Mayya YS. An innovative technique of harvesting soil gas as a highly efficient source of 222Rn for calibration applications in a walk-in type chamber: part-1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16547. [PMID: 33024139 PMCID: PMC7538554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper describes a novel technique to harvest 222Rn laden air from soil gas of natural origin as a highly efficient source of 222Rn for calibration applications in a walk-in type 222Rn calibration chamber. The technique makes use of a soil probe of about 1 m to draw soil gas, through a dehumidifier and a delay volume, using an air pump to fill the calibration chamber. 222Rn concentration in the range of a few hundred Bq m-3 to a few tens of kBq m-3 was easily attained in the chamber of volume 22.7 m3 within a short pumping duration of 1 h. A new technique referred to as "semi-dynamic mode of operation" in which soil gas is injected into the calibration chamber at regular intervals to compensate for the loss of 222Rn due to decay and leak is discussed. Harvesting soil gas has many important advantages over the traditional methods of 222Rn generation for calibration experiments using finite sources such as solid flow-through, powdered emanation, and liquid sources. They are: (1) soil gas serves as an instantaneous natural source of 222Rn, very convenient to use unlike the high strength 226Ra sources used in the calibration laboratories, and has no radiation safety issues, (2) does not require licensing from the regulatory authority, and (3) it can be used continuously as a non-depleting reservoir of 222Rn, unlike other finite sources. The newly developed technique would eliminate the need for expensive radioactive sources and thereby offers immense application in a variety of day to day experiments-both in students and research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore, 574 199, India.
| | - Trilochana Shetty
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore, 574 199, India
| | - B K Sahoo
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - K Sudeep Kumara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore, 574 199, India
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Y S Mayya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT-Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India
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Nguyen VT, Thu Huynh NP, Le CH. Accumulation rates of natural radionuclides ( 40K, 210Pb, 226Ra, 238U, and 232Th) in topsoils due to long-term cultivations of water spinach (Ipomoea Aquatica Forssk.) and rice (Oryza Sativa L.) based on model assessments: A case study in Dong Nai province, Vietnam. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:111001. [PMID: 32778287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In topsoils, the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (hereafter NRs) increase due to the addition of NRs from fertilizers, irrigation water, and air dust pollution. On the other hand, various physical-chemical and environmental processes such as radioactive decay, volatilization, leaching, erosion, and plant uptake were responsible for the decrease of the activity concentrations of NRs in the topsoils. In this study, behaviours of 40K, 210Pb, 226Ra, 238U, and 232Th in topsoils were modelled by the CEMC soil model and the HYDRUS-1D model. An exponential equation was proposed for estimating the accumulation rates of these radionuclides in the topsoils. Long-term accumulation of radionuclides was assessed for water spinach (Ipomoea Aquatica Forssk.) soil (hereafter VES) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) soil (hereafter RIS). We found that the current agricultural practices caused the increase of 40K activity concentration in the water spinach soil, and 40K, 210Pb, 226Ra, and 232Th activity concentrations in the rice soil. The accumulation rates of radionuclides were in the order 238U < 232Th < 226Ra < 210Pb < 40K. 25 years of cultivation with water spinach can increase/decrease + (165 ± 6) Bq of 40K, - (8.2 ± 0.7) Bq of 210Pb, - (4.3 ± 0.2) Bq of 226Ra, - (7 0.3 ± 0.3) Bq of 238U, and - (1.8 ± 0.1) Bq of 232Th in 1 kg soil. For rice cultivation, these values are + (1004 ± 39), + (3.3 ± 0.2), + (3.0 ± 0.2), - (5.1 ± 0.3), (2.2 ± 0.1) Bq kg-1 for 40K, 210Pb, 226Ra, 238U, and 232Th, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thang Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Nuclear Technique Laboratory, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Phong Thu Huynh
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Nuclear Technique Laboratory, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Cong Hao Le
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Nuclear Technique Laboratory, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Pinto PV, Sudeep Kumara K, Karunakara N. Mass exhalation rates, emanation coefficients and enrichment pattern of radon, thoron in various grain size fractions of monazite rich beach placers. RADIAT MEAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2019.106220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Trilochana S, Somashekarappa HM, Kumara KS, Mohan MP, Nayak SR, D'Souza RS, Kamath SS, Sahoo BK, Gaware JJ, Sapra BK, Janik M, Al-Azmi D, Mayya YS, Karunakara N. A WALK-IN TYPE CALIBRATION CHAMBER FACILITY FOR 222Rn MEASURING DEVICES AND INTER-COMPARISON EXERCISES. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 187:466-481. [PMID: 31665519 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A walk-in type 222Rn calibration chamber of volume 22.7 m3, which has traceability to international standards, is established at the Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, India. It has a human-machine interface communication system, a programmable logic controller and sensor feedback circuit for controlling and data acquisition of relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T). An innovative method for the generation of desired 222Rn concentration (a few hundred Bq m-3 up to about 36 kBq m-3) using soil gas as a source was adopted. Leak rates of 222Rn from the chamber for the mixing fan ON and OFF conditions were determined to be 0.0011 and 0.00018 h-1 respectively. With the exhaust system fully turned on, the maximum clearance rate of the chamber was 0.58 ± 0.07 h-1. Excellent spatial uniformity in 222Rn concentration in the chamber was confirmed (with a mean value of relative standard deviation < 12%) through measurements at 23 locations using CR-39 film-based passive devices. Demonstration of calibration applications was performed using charcoal canister and PicoRad vials as the 222Rn adsorption devices. The study shows that gamma spectrometry is a convenient alternative approach to liquid scintillation analysis of PicoRad vials for 222Rn measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Trilochana
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, India
| | - H M Somashekarappa
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, India
| | - K Sudeep Kumara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, India
| | - M P Mohan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, India
| | - S Rashmi Nayak
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, India
| | - Renita Shiny D'Souza
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, India
| | - Srinivas S Kamath
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, India
| | - B K Sahoo
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - J J Gaware
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - M Janik
- The National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Darwish Al-Azmi
- Department of Applied Sciences, College of Technological Studies, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Shuwaikh, PO Box 42325, Kuwait City 70654, Kuwait
| | - Y S Mayya
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT-Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity (CARER), Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore 574199, India
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ElShazly AAA, Abbas MHH, Farid IM, Rizk M, Abdelhafez AA, Abbas HH, Soliman SM, Abdel Sabour MF, Mohamed I. Depthprofile distribution of Cs and its toxicity for canola plants grown on arid rainfed soils as affected by increasing K-inputs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109529. [PMID: 31416013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive cesium (Cs) is more likely to be trans-located via rainfall into surrounding environments. Upon Cs-contaminated water reaching soil, Cs is retained on soil components, mainly organic matter and clay fraction. This study aims are i) comparing the relative ability of five arid soils, differing in their textural and chemical properties, to accumulate Cs when subjected to Cs-artificially contaminated rain droplets and ii) testing whether K fertilizer can decrease the uptake of Cs and its translocation within plants or not. A lab experiment was then conducted to simulate artificial rain droplets contaminated with 1000 becquerel (Bq) of 134Cs L-1 precipitated on soil columns each of 10.5 cm inner diameter at a rate of 1.15 mL cm-2 over a period of 2-months. At least 89% of 134Cs accumulated within the uppermost 5-cm layer of these soils. Another greenhouse experiment was set to test the hypothesis which indicates that Cs uptake increases unexpectedly by supplying plants with K-fertilizers. In this experiment, canola (Brassica napus L.) seeds were cultivated into three K-deficient soils (Typic Haplotorrent, Typic Haplocalcid, and Typic Torripsamment) which were contaminated with 100 mg Cs kg-1 soil (stable-Cs was used instead of radioactive-Cs to designate its behavior on the long run). Canola plants were fertilized with 0, 80 and 120 mg K2SO4 kg-1 soil. Results carried on Typic Haplotorrent soil confirmed the aforementioned assumption as K-addition increased Cd-uptake up to 40.1%. Contradictory results were achieved in the other two soils where Cs-uptake decreased by 21.5 and 15.3% in Typic Haplocalcid and Typic Torripsamment soils, respectively due to the application of the aforementioned dose of K. In the K non-amended soils, Cs shoot-root translocation factor was >1; yet, it was <1 in response to K addition, regardless of its application rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A A ElShazly
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt; Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority EAEA, Inshas, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H H Abbas
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt.
| | - Ihab M Farid
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt
| | - Magdy Rizk
- Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority EAEA, Inshas, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abdelhafez
- The New Valley University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt
| | - Hassan H Abbas
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt
| | - Soliman M Soliman
- Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority EAEA, Inshas, Egypt
| | | | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Abbasi A, Mirekhtiary F. 137Cs and 40K concentration ratios (CRs) in annual and perennial plants in the Caspian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:671-677. [PMID: 31426208 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research attempted to investigate the plant/soil concentration ratios (CRs) of 137Cs and 40K in plants that grow on the Anzali Lagoon of the Caspian coast, Iran. The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 40K were measured in soil samples, annual plants (Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Trifolium repens), and perennial plants (Phragmites australis, and Cynodon dactylon). The relationship of activity concentration with soil particle density, and pH of soil samples, CR, and 137Cs/40K discrimination factor (DF) were determined. The activity concentration of 137Cs in the soil, annual plants, and perennial plants ranged between 12- and 124 (Bq/kg dry weight), 2- and 17 (Bq/kg dw), and 2 - and 14 (Bq/kg dw), respectively. The geometric mean (GM) values of DF in annual and perennial plants were 0.57 and 0.55, respectively. The CR for 137Cs and 40K varied as a non-linear relation in annual plants and perennial plants. This study showed that the CRs for 137Cs in annual plants were higher than the CRs for perennial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Abbasi
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, TRNC, via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Fatemeh Mirekhtiary
- Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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30
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Machraoui S, Mandya Purushotham M, Naregundi K, Labidi S. Assessment of radionuclide transfer factors and transfer coefficients near phosphate industrial areas of South Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28341-28351. [PMID: 31372949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations of naturally occurring and anthropogenic radionuclides in agriculture soils as well as in several food products at four locations within the phosphate area of South Tunisia were investigated. Soil-to-plant transfer factors as well as feed-to-animal products transfer coefficients were determined for the first time for the region. Activity concentrations of 40K, 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra and 137Cs in soils of agriculture fields were lower than worldwide average values. The soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) for 40K in leafy vegetables were higher than those in fruit vegetables. Soil-to-grass transfer factor (Fv) values were in the following order: 40K > 210Pb > 226Ra. The grass-to-milk transfer coefficient (Fm) values for 40K and 210Pb ranged between 2 × 10-3 and 4 × 10-3(day L-1). The concentration ratios for the animal products (CRmilk-feed, CRmeat-feed and CRegg-feed) varied in the ranges of 2 × 10-2-4 × 10-2 L kg-1, 1 × 10-2-2 × 10-1 (L kg-1) and 5 × 10-2-1 (L kg-1)for 40K, 210Pb and 226Ra, respectively. Transfer parameters determined in the present study were compared with those reported in International Atomic Energy Agency reports and other published values. The absorbed gamma dose rate in air and the external hazard index associated with these natural radionuclides were computed to assess the radiation hazard of radioactivity in this region, and the results indicated that these areas are within set safety limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Machraoui
- Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Research Laboratory in Biophysics and Medical Technologies, University of Tunis El Manar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohan Mandya Purushotham
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - Karunakara Naregundi
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | - Salam Labidi
- Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Research Laboratory in Biophysics and Medical Technologies, University of Tunis El Manar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
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31
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Machraoui S, Mohan MP, Naregundi K, Labidi S. BASELINE STUDIES ON RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATION IN FOOD MATERIALS AND ESTIMATION OF THE COMMITTED RADIATION DOSE AROUND THE PHOSPHATE INDUSTRIAL AREA OF SOUTH TUNISIA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 184:263-273. [PMID: 30517750 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides was determined in different vegetable samples, and foods derived from animal origin, from different locations in the four cities of Southern Tunisia, where large-scale phosphate industries are operating. The aim of the studies was to establish a baseline database on radionuclide concentration in food materials and to evaluate the radiation dose to the general population due to its ingestion through the food chain. The activity concentrations of 40K, 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra and 137Cs was determined by gamma spectrometry using a HPGe detector, and from the measured activity concentrations, the doses were estimated using the dose coefficients given by the ICRP. The dose due to intake of radionuclides through mineral water was also determined. The total annual effective doses were found to be 2.2, 1.4, and 0.7 mSv y-1 for 1 y, 5-15 y and adult (>17 y) age groups, respectively. Among the radionuclides studied, 210Po was the highest contributor to the total dose, followed by 210Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Machraoui
- University of Tunis El Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Research Laboratory in Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M P Mohan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, India
| | - Karunakara Naregundi
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, India
| | - Salam Labidi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Research Laboratory in Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Tunis, Tunisia
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32
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Alsaffar MS, Jaafar MS, Kabir NA, Ahmad N. Distribution of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in rice plant components and physico-chemical effects of soil on their transportation to grains. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nisar Ahmad
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Penang, 11800, Malaysia
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33
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Characterization of radiation dose and soil-to-plant transfer factor of natural radionuclides in some cities from south-western Nigeria and its effect on man. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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34
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Chandrashekara K, Somashekarappa HM, Radhakrishna AP. Disequilibrium of uranium series radionuclides in soil and plants of South India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Davies HS, Rosas-Moreno J, Cox F, Lythgoe P, Bewsher A, Livens FR, Robinson CH, Pittman JK. Multiple environmental factors influence 238U, 232Th and 226Ra bioaccumulation in arbuscular mycorrhizal-associated plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:921-934. [PMID: 30021326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological consequences of low-dose radioactivity from natural sources or radioactive waste are important to understand but knowledge gaps still remain. In particular, the soil transfer and bioaccumulation of radionuclides into plant roots is poorly studied. Furthermore, better knowledge of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi association may help understand the complexities of radionuclide bioaccumulation within the rhizosphere. Plant bioaccumulation of uranium, thorium and radium was demonstrated at two field sites, where plant tissue concentrations reached up to 46.93 μg g-1 238U, 0.67 μg g-1 232Th and 18.27 kBq kg-1 226Ra. High root retention of uranium was consistent in all plant species studied. In contrast, most plants showed greater bioaccumulation of thorium and radium into above-ground tissues. The influence of specific soil parameters on root radionuclide bioaccumulation was examined. Total organic carbon significantly explained the variation in root uranium concentration, while other soil factors including copper concentration, magnesium concentration and pH significantly correlated with root concentrations of uranium, radium and thorium, respectively. All four orders of Glomeromycota were associated with root samples from both sites and all plant species studied showed varying association with AM fungi, ranging from zero to >60% root colonisation by fungal arbuscules. Previous laboratory studies using single plant-fungal species association had found a positive role of AM fungi in root uranium transfer, but no significant correlation between the amount of fungal infection and root uranium content in the field samples was found here. However, there was a significant negative correlation between AM fungal infection and radium accumulation. This study is the first to examine the role of AM fungi in radionuclide soil-plant transfer at a community level within the natural environment. We conclude that biotic factors alongside various abiotic factors influence the soil-plant transfer of radionuclides and future mechanistic studies are needed to explain these interactions in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena S Davies
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jeanette Rosas-Moreno
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Filipa Cox
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul Lythgoe
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alastair Bewsher
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Francis R Livens
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Clare H Robinson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jon K Pittman
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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36
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Karunakara N, Ujwal P, Yashodhara I, Sudeep Kumara K, Mohan MP, Bhaskar Shenoy K, Geetha PV, Dileep BN, James JP, Ravi PM. Estimation of air-to-grass mass interception factors for iodine. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 186:71-77. [PMID: 28886873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Air-to-grass mass interception factors for radionuclide are important basic input parameter for the estimation of radiation dose to the public around a nuclear power plant. In this paper, we present the determination of air-to- grass mass interception factors for iodine using a 2 m × 2 m × 2 m (l × b × h) size environmental chamber. The temperature, humidity, and rainfall inside the environmental chamber was controlled to required values to simulate different environmental conditions. Grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum), grown in pots, was kept inside the environmental chamber and stable iodine in elemental form was sublimed quickly inside the chamber to simulate an accidental release of iodine to the environment. The concentration of iodine in the air was measured periodically by drawing air through a bubbling setup, containing 1% sodium carbonate solution. The mass interception factor for dry deposition varied in the range of 0.25-7.7 m2 kg-1 with mean value of 2.2 m2 kg-1 with respect to fresh weight of grass, and that due to wet deposition varied in the range of 0.6-4.8 m2 kg-1 with mean value of 2.3 m2 kg-1. The mass interception factor was inversely correlated with the total iodine deposited through dry deposition as well as with the rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Karunakara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Mangalore, India.
| | - P Ujwal
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Mangalore, India
| | - I Yashodhara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Mangalore, India
| | - K Sudeep Kumara
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Mangalore, India
| | - M P Mohan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Radioactivity, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Mangalore, India
| | - K Bhaskar Shenoy
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574 199, Mangalore, India
| | - P V Geetha
- Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - B N Dileep
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Kaiga Generating Station, Kaiga, 581 400, India
| | - Joshi P James
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Kaiga Generating Station, Kaiga, 581 400, India
| | - P M Ravi
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 094, India
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37
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Gross alpha and beta radioactivity in food crops and surface soil from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Nezami S, Malakouti MJ, Bahrami Samani A, Ghannadi Maragheh M. The role of organic acids on 226Ra transfer factor in corn (Zea mays L.). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Al-Azmi D. Outdoor dose rate mapping in Kuwait. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 169-170:109-115. [PMID: 28110197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of ongoing efforts to develop the data base required for the gamma dose rate baseline in Kuwait, a survey of ambient outdoor gamma-ray dose rates was carried out in 112 locations within the country. Measurements were performed, during the period from August 2013 to March 2016, in various undisturbed open areas in the desert using a NaI dosimeter/spectrometer. The dose rates were recorded along with the corresponding gamma-ray spectra for in-situ relative contribution of the primordial radionuclides and 137Cs in the outdoor environment. Soil samples were also collected from the surface layers in a few locations for laboratory gamma spectrometric analysis and dose rate calculations. The dose rates obtained range from 31 to 59 nSv/h with a mean value of 46.5 nSv/h. There was no anomaly in the relative contributions of the primordial radionuclides to the dose rate values, while 137Cs was not detected within the investigated locations. The significance of using the NaI-based dosimeter in the present survey is discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwish Al-Azmi
- Department of Applied Sciences, College of Technological Studies, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Shuwaikh, P.O.Box 42325, Code 70654, Kuwait.
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40
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Abojassim AA, Dahir DM, Alaboodi AS, Abonasria AH. Annual Effective Dose of Gamma Emitters in Adults and Children for Some Types of Rice Consumed in Iraq. J Food Prot 2016; 79:2174-2178. [PMID: 28221966 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work studies the activity concentration of natural radioactivity in 20 different types of rice, including imported rice and that produced locally. The rice samples were collected from markets and farms in Iraq, and then a natural radioactivity investigation was done in the environmental laboratory of the Kufa University, using gamma-ray spectrometer systems. The research focused on measuring the activity concentration of natural radioactivity (238U, 232Th, and 40K) to determine the level of the radium equivalent activity, internal hazard indices, and annual effective dose. The results show that all these parameters are within the permissible limits and that radioactivity is present in almost all foodstuffs at levels ranging from 40 to 600 Bq/kg of food. Radioactivity in foodstuffs is attributed to a natural source, potassium-40, and to artificial sources, which include industrial radioactivity, weapons testing, and accidents involving radioactivity. In this article, radionuclides have been identified for most of the common species of rice available in Iraqi markets; in addition, radium equivalent activity, internal hazard indices, and annual effective dose were calculated and compared with the permissible dose to estimate the risk of radioactive isotopes in the rice crop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dahir Mohammad Dahir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Azhar S Alaboodi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Abbas H Abonasria
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf 54001, Iraq
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41
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Djelic G, Krstic D, Stajic JM, Milenkovic B, Topuzovic M, Nikezic D, Vucic D, Zeremski T, Stankovic M, Kostic D. Transfer factors of natural radionuclides and (137)Cs from soil to plants used in traditional medicine in central Serbia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 158-159:81-88. [PMID: 27082759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transfer factors of natural radionuclides and (137)Cs from soil to plants used in traditional medicine were determined. The transfer factors (TF) were calculated as Bq kg(-1) of dry plant per Bq kg(-1) of dry soil. Mass activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs in soil and plant samples were measured with high purity germanium detector (HPGe). The concentrations of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined, as well as the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the content of exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na). Wide ranges of values were obtained for all the metals, especially for Cr and Ni. The Absalom model was used for determination of the amount of (137)Cs transferred from soil to plant based on soil characteristics such as pH, exchangeable potassium, humus and clay contents. The estimated transfer factors were in the range from 0.011 to 0.307 with an arithmetic mean of 0.071, median of 0.050, geometric mean of 0.053 and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 2.08. This value agreed well with that calculated from the measurements of 0.069, geometric mean 0.040 and GSD 3.19. Correlations between radionuclides, metals, physicochemical properties and transfer factors were determined by Spearman correlation coefficient. There was a strong positive correlation between (137)Cs transfer factor and the ratio of transfer factor for K and (137)Cs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed in order to identify some pattern of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorica Djelic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, R. Domanovic 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Krstic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, R. Domanovic 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jelena M Stajic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, R. Domanovic 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Milenkovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, R. Domanovic 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Topuzovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, R. Domanovic 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragoslav Nikezic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, R. Domanovic 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dusica Vucic
- Institute on Occupational Health Protection "NIŠ" Vojislav Ilić bb, Nis, 18000, Serbia
| | - Tijana Zeremski
- Institute of Field & Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Maksima Gorkog 30, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Milan Stankovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, R. Domanovic 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Kostic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, R. Domanovic 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
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42
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Distribution of natural radionuclides and radiation level measurements in Karnataka State, India: an overview. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Milenkovic B, Stajic JM, Gulan L, Zeremski T, Nikezic D. Radioactivity levels and heavy metals in the urban soil of Central Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16732-16741. [PMID: 26087932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radioactivity concentrations and heavy metal content were measured in soil samples collected from the area of Kragujevac, one of the largest cities in Serbia. The specific activities of (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs in 30 samples were measured by gamma spectrometry using an HPGe semiconductor detector. The average values ± standard deviations were 33.5 ± 8.2, 50.3 ± 10.6, 425.8 ± 75.7 and 40.2 ± 26.3 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (137)Cs have shown normal distribution. The annual effective doses, radium equivalent activities, external hazard indexes and excess lifetime cancer risk were also estimated. A RAD7 device was used for measuring radon exhalation rates from several samples with highest content of (226)Ra. The concentrations of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured, as well as their EDTA extractable concentrations. Wide ranges of values were obtained, especially for Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The absence of normal distribution indicates anthropogenic origin of Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Correlations between radionuclide activities, heavy metal contents and physicochemical properties of analysed soil were determined by Spearman correlation coefficient. Strong positive correlation between (226)Ra and (232)Th was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Milenkovic
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovica 12, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia.
| | - J M Stajic
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovica 12, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Lj Gulan
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Pristina, Lole Ribara 29, 38220, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - T Zeremski
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - D Nikezic
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovica 12, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
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Singh M, Garg VK, Gautam YP, Kumar A. Soil to rice grain transfer factor and radiological dose of 137Cs and 90Sr around Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS), Narora, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-3939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Radioactivity in soils and some terrestrial foodstuffs from organic and conventional farming areas in Izmir, Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Uptake and distribution of natural radioactivity in rice from soil in north and west part of peninsular malaysia for the estimation of ingestion dose to man. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sekimoto H, Yamada T, Hotsuki T, Fujiwara T, Mimura T, Matsuzaki A. Evaluation of the radioactive Cs concentration in brown rice based on the K nutritional status of shoots. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2013; 127:73-78. [PMID: 24338061 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-013-0614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The radioactive cesium ((134,137)Cs) concentration in brown rice is correlated with that in the straw/husk. The distribution of (134,137)Cs, resembles that of potassium (K), a homologous element of Cs, in the rice plant body. The relative isotopic abundance of (40)K is 0.0117 %; thus, 1 g K contains 30.4 Bq ⁴⁰K, and the mass of 4,000 Bq (40)K is 0.0154 g, indicating that the K concentration can be calculated from (40)K concentration. We examined if the radioactive Cs concentration in brown rice can be estimated from (40)K concentrations in straw, and especially might be predicted from the (40)K:(134,137)Cs ratio in straw. We determined the concentrations of (40)K and radioactive Cs in straw and brown rice, and found a strong correlated-equation (y = 72.922 x(-0.759); r = 0.907) between the radioactive Cs concentration in brown rice and the ⁴⁰K:(134,137)Cs ratio in straw. The estimated-radioactive Cs concentration in brown rice can be as much as double, depending on the K nutritional status changing the ⁴⁰K:(134,137)Cs ratio in straw. We herein propose a nutritional diagnosis that radioactive Cs concentrations in brown rice can be predicted from the ⁴⁰K:(134,137)Cs ratio in shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Sekimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan,
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