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Bodnar IS, Cheban EV. Joint effects of gamma radiation and zinc on duckweed Lemna minor L. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106438. [PMID: 36889126 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
When assessing the consequences of combined chemical and radiation pollution on bodies of water, it is important to take into account the interaction of different factors, especially the possible synergistic increase in the toxic effect on growth, biochemical and physiological processes of living organisms. In this work, we studied the combined effect of γ-radiation and zinc on freshwater duckweed Lemna minor L. Irradiated plants (doses were 18, 42, and 63 Gy) were placed on a medium with an excess of zinc (3.15, 6.3, 12.6 μmol/L) for 7 days. Our results showed that the accumulation of zinc in tissues increased in irradiated plants when compared to non-irradiated plants. The interaction of factors in assessing their effect on the growth rate of plants was most often additive, but there was also a synergistic increase in the toxic effect at a zinc concentration of 12.6 μmol/L and irradiation at doses of 42 and 63 Gy. When comparing the combined and separate effects of gamma radiation and zinc, it was found that a reduction in the area of fronds (leaf-like plates) was caused exclusively due to the effects of radiation. Zinc and γ-radiation contributed to the enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation. Irradiation stimulated the production of chlorophylls a and b, as well as carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Bodnar
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia.
| | - E V Cheban
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
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2
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Pradhoshini KP, Priyadharshini M, Santhanabharathi B, Ahmed MS, Parveen MHS, War MUD, Musthafa MS, Alam L, Falco F, Faggio C. Biological effects of ionizing radiation on aquatic biota - A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104091. [PMID: 36870406 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation from radionuclides impacts marine aquatic biota and the scope of investigation must be wider than just invertebrates. We intend to detail and illustrate numerous biological effects that occur in both aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, at various dose rates from all three kinds of ionizing radiation. The characteristics of radiation sources and dosages that would most effectively generate the intended effects in the irradiated organism were assessed once the biological differentiation between vertebrates and invertebrates was determined through multiple lines of evidence. We contend that invertebrates are still more radiosensitive than vertebrates, due to their small genome size, rapid reproduction rates and lifestyle, which help them to compensate for the effects of radiation induced declines in fecundity, life span and individual health. We also identified various research gaps in this field and suggest future directions to be investigated to remedy the lack of data available in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marckasagayam Priyadharshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bharathi Santhanabharathi
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Munawar Suhail Ahmed
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamat Hanifa Shafeeka Parveen
- Unit of Aquatic biology and Aquaculture (UABA), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mehraj Ud Din War
- Unit of Aquatic biology and Aquaculture (UABA), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lubna Alam
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Franscesca Falco
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), Mazara del Vallo, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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3
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Wu W, Zhang S, He J. The Mechanism of Long Non-coding RNA in Cancer Radioresistance/Radiosensitivity: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879704. [PMID: 35600868 PMCID: PMC9117703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Radioresistance remains a significant challenge in tumor therapy. This systematic review aims to demonstrate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in cancer radioresistance/radiosensitivity. Material and methods: The electronic databases Pubmed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched from January 2000 to December 2021 to identify studies addressing the mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumor radioresistance/sensitivity, each of which required both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results: Among the 87 studies identified, lncRNAs were implicated in tumor radioresistance/sensitivity mainly in three paradigms. 1) lncRNAs act on microRNA (miRNA) by means of a sponge, and their downstream signals include some specific molecular biological processes (DNA repair and chromosome stabilization, mRNA or protein stabilization, cell cycle and proliferation, apoptosis-related pathways, autophagy-related pathways, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cellular energy metabolism) and some signaling mediators (transcription factors, kinases, some important signal transduction pathways) that regulate various biological processes. 2) lncRNAs directly interact with proteins, affecting the cell cycle and autophagy to contribute to tumor radioresistance. 3) lncRNAs act like transcription factors to initiate downstream signaling pathways and participate in tumor radioresistance. Conclusion: lncRNAs are important regulators involved in tumor radioresistance\sensitivity. Different lncRNAs may participate in the radioresistance with the same regulatory paradigm, and the same lncRNAs may also participate in the radioresistance in different ways. Future research should focus more on comprehensively characterizing the mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumor radioresistance to help us identify corresponding novel biomarkers and develop new lncRNA-based methods to improve radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Wu
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhan Wu,
| | - Shijian Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia He
- Faculty Affairs and Human Resources Management Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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4
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Vojvodić S, Luković JD, Zechmann B, Jevtović M, Pristov JB, Stanić M, Lizzul AM, Pittman JK, Spasojević I. The effects of ionizing radiation on the structure and antioxidative and metal-binding capacity of the cell wall of microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127553. [PMID: 32653748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of ionizing radiation on microorganisms such as microalgae is a topic of increasing importance for understanding the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems in response to environmental radiation, and for the development of efficient approaches for bioremediation of mining and nuclear power plants wastewaters. Currently, nothing is known about the effects of ionizing radiation on the microalgal cell wall, which represents the first line of defence against chemical and physical environmental stresses. Using various microscopy, spectroscopy and biochemical techniques we show that the unicellular alga Chlorella sorokiniana elicits a fast response to ionizing radiation. Within one day after irradiation with doses of 1-5 Gy, the fibrilar layer of the cell wall became thicker, the fraction of uronic acids was higher, and the capacity to remove the main reactive product of water radiolysis increased. In addition, the isolated cell wall fraction showed significant binding capacity for Cu2+, Mn2+, and Cr3+. The irradiation further increased the binding capacity for Cu2+, which appears to be mainly bound to glucosamine moieties within a chitosan-like polymer in the outer rigid layer of the wall. These results imply that the cell wall represents a dynamic structure that is involved in the protective response of microalgae to ionizing radiation. It appears that microalgae may exhibit a significant control of metal mobility in aquatic ecosystems via biosorption by the cell wall matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Vojvodić
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Danilović Luković
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97046, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - Mima Jevtović
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Bogdanović Pristov
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marina Stanić
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Jon K Pittman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Ivan Spasojević
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia.
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5
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Hosseini Tafreshi SA, Aghaie P, Toghyani MA, Ramazani-Moghaddam-Arani A. Improvement of ionizing gamma irradiation tolerance of Chlorella vulgaris by pretreatment with polyethylene glycol. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:919-928. [PMID: 32159411 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1741717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 pretreatment on growth and physiological responses of eukaryotic microalga Chlorella vulgaris exposed to ionizing irradiation.Materials and methods: The microalgal cells pretreated with different PEG concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 20%) and then exposed to 300 Gray gamma irradiation at a dose rate of 0.5 Gy s-1. The various growth and physiological parameters including algal growth, cell size, the degree of electrolyte leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidation, the content of pigments and proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes under gamma-free or 300 Gray gamma irradiation conditions were examined.Results: The results showed that PEG stimulated a higher growth and cell size under both stress-free and gamma-stress conditions. The maximum growth and cell size was reported when the algae was pretreated with 10% PEG. A relative increase of catalase activity was observed in all samples after exposing to gamma irradiation. However, the highest value was recorded for the gamma-radiated algae pretreated with 10% PEG. In the absence of PEG, gamma irradiation induced a significant reduction in ascorbate peroxidase activity, but with PEG pretreatment, the enzyme activity remained constant or even increased after gamma irradiation. On the other hand, although gamma irradiation stress generally suppressed the activity of superoxide dismutase in all cells, pretreating the algae with PEG could diminish this suppressing effect at all applied concentrations. Compared to the PEG-free controls, a lower rate of chlorophylls and membrane integrity loss was shown in the PEG-treated algae when exposed to gamma stress. Total carotenoid content in PEG-treated algae was also similar under both gamma-free and gamma-radiated conditions. A PEG-independent increase in proline accumulation was reported under gamma-irradiation treatment.Conclusions: Overall, the results suggested that PEG pretreatment could improve gamma-irradiation tolerance in C. vulgaris probably by stimulating a range of enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactive oxygen species scavenging systems. The microalgae may also consume PEG to break down and use it as an alternative source of carbon during stress which should be further studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Hosseini Tafreshi
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Peyman Aghaie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Hevrøy TH, Golz AL, Hansen EL, Xie L, Bradshaw C. Radiation effects and ecological processes in a freshwater microcosm. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 203:71-83. [PMID: 30870637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem response to gamma radiation exposure depends on the different species sensitivities and the multitude of direct and indirect pathways by which individual organisms can be affected, including the potential for complex interactions across multiple trophic levels. In this study, multi-species microcosms were used to investigate effects of ionizing radiation in a model freshwater ecosystem, including endpoints at both structural and functional levels and ecological interactions. Microcosms were exposed for 22 days to a gradient of gamma radiation with four dose rates from 0.72 to 19 mGy h-1, which are within the range of those seen at contaminated sites. Results showed significant dose related effects on photosynthetic parameters for all macrophyte species. No significant effects of radiation were observed for the consumers in the microcosms, however trends indicate the potential for longer-term effects. We also witnessed a different response of Daphnia magna and Lemna minor compared to previous single-species studies, illustrating the importance of multispecies studies, which aim to encompass systems more realistic to natural ecosystems. Microcosms allowed us to isolate specific relationships between interacting species in an ecosystem and test the effects, both direct and indirect, of radiation on them. In addition, the ecological pathways and processes, and the experimental design itself, was central to understanding the results we witnessed. This type of study is important for radioecology research that has been very much limited to high dose rates and single species studies. This approach to radioecology has been strongly promoted in recent decades and, to our knowledge, this is the first microcosm study performed at dose rates similar to those at contaminated field sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya H Hevrøy
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Grini næringspark 13, 1361, Østerås, Norway; CERAD Center of Excellence in Environmental Radioactivity, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Anna-Lea Golz
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elisabeth L Hansen
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Grini næringspark 13, 1361, Østerås, Norway; CERAD Center of Excellence in Environmental Radioactivity, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Bradshaw C, Meseh DA, Alasawi H, Qiang M, Snoeijs-Leijonmalm P, Nascimento FJA. Joint effects of gamma radiation and cadmium on subcellular-, individual- and population-level endpoints of the green microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 211:217-226. [PMID: 31035029 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting and predicting the combined effects of toxicants in the environment is an important challenge in ecotoxicology. How such effects are connected across different levels of biological organisation is an additional matter of uncertainty. Such knowledge gaps are particularly prominent with regards to how ionising radiation interacts with contaminants. We assessed the response of twelve endpoints at the subcellular, individual and population level in a green microalga when exposed singly and jointly to gamma radiation and cadmium (Cd). We used a fully factorial experimental design where observed effects were compared to those predicted by the Independent Action (IA) model for mixture toxicity to determine whether they deviated from additivity. Subcellular endpoints (e.g., catalase, thiamine diphosphate, xanthophyll cycle pigments) showed an increased antioxidant and/or photoprotective response. However, our results indicate that this protection was not sufficient to prevent lipid peroxidation, which also increased with dose. At ecologically relevant doses, most interactions between gamma radiation and Cd regarding subcellular-, individual- and population-level endpoints were additive as predicted by the IA model. However, exposure to binary mixtures displayed antagonistic interactions between gamma radiation and Cd at the higher end of the tested dose spectrum. No correlations were observed between subcellular endpoints and higher-level endpoints, but there were linkages between individual and population endpoints. Our results suggest that antagonistic interactions between gamma radiation and Cd can occur at higher doses and that these interactions seem to disseminate from subcellular and individual to population level. Possible consequences for aquatic primary production and food-web interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Dina A Meseh
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Hiba Alasawi
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Ma Qiang
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
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8
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Mothersill C, Abend M, Bréchignac F, Copplestone D, Geras'kin S, Goodman J, Horemans N, Jeggo P, McBride W, Mousseau TA, O'Hare A, Papineni RVL, Powathil G, Schofield PN, Seymour C, Sutcliffe J, Austin B. The tubercular badger and the uncertain curve:- The need for a multiple stressor approach in environmental radiation protection. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:130-140. [PMID: 30296640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of a workshop held in Stirling, Scotland in June 2018, called to examine critically the effects of low-dose ionising radiation on the ecosphere. The meeting brought together participants from the fields of low- and high-dose radiobiology and those working in radioecology to discuss the effects that low doses of radiation have on non-human biota. In particular, the shape of the low-dose response relationship and the extent to which the effects of low-dose and chronic exposure may be predicted from high dose rate exposures were discussed. It was concluded that high dose effects were not predictive of low dose effects. It followed that the tools presently available were deemed insufficient to reliably predict risk of low dose exposures in ecosystems. The workshop participants agreed on three major recommendations for a path forward. First, as treating radiation as a single or unique stressor was considered insufficient, the development of a multidisciplinary approach is suggested to address key concerns about multiple stressors in the ecosphere. Second, agreed definitions are needed to deal with the multiplicity of factors determining outcome to low dose exposures as a term can have different meanings in different disciplines. Third, appropriate tools need to be developed to deal with the different time, space and organisation level scales. These recommendations permit a more accurate picture of prospective risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany.
| | - Francois Bréchignac
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) & International Union of Radioecology, Centre du Cadarache, Bldg 229, St Paul-lez-Durance, France.
| | - David Copplestone
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Stanislav Geras'kin
- Russian Institute of Radiology & Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109km, Obninsk 249020, Russia.
| | - Jessica Goodman
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Nele Horemans
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Penny Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK.
| | - William McBride
- University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Timothy A Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Anthony O'Hare
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Rao V L Papineni
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center - KUMC (Adjunct), and PACT & Health, Branford, CT, USA.
| | - Gibin Powathil
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Dept of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.
| | - Jill Sutcliffe
- Low Level Radiation and Health Conference, Ingrams Farm Fittleworth Road, Wisborough Green RH14 0JA, West Sussex, UK.
| | - Brian Austin
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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9
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Fuller N, Ford AT, Nagorskaya LL, Gudkov DI, Smith JT. Reproduction in the freshwater crustacean Asellus aquaticus along a gradient of radionuclide contamination at Chernobyl. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:11-17. [PMID: 29427871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl and Fukushima have led to contamination of the environment that will persist for many years. The consequences of chronic low-dose radiation exposure for non-human organisms inhabiting contaminated environments remain unclear. In radioecology, crustaceans are important model organisms for the development of environmental radioprotection. Previous laboratory studies have demonstrated deleterious effects of radiation exposure on crustacean reproduction. However, no studies have documented the effects of chronic radiation exposure on the reproduction of natural crustacean populations. Based on data from laboratory exposures, we hypothesised that populations of the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus exposed to radiation for thirty years at Chernobyl would display reduced reproductive output and altered timing of reproduction. To test this hypothesis, A. aquaticus was collected from six lakes at Chernobyl over two years with total dose rates ranging from 0.06-27.1μGy/h. No significant differences in the fecundity, mass of broods or proportion of reproducing female A. aquaticus were recorded. Significant differences in the body mass of gravid females were recorded suggesting different timings of reproduction, however this was not related to radiation contamination. No significant effect of a range of environmental parameters on A. aquaticus reproduction was recorded. Our data suggests current dose rates at Chernobyl are not causing discernible effects on the reproductive output of A. aquaticus. This study is the first to assess the effects of chronic low-dose radiation exposure on the reproductive output of an aquatic invertebrate at Chernobyl. These findings are consistent with proposed radiological protection benchmarks for the maintenance of wildlife populations and will assist in management of environments impacted by radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Fuller
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Liubov L Nagorskaya
- Applied Science Center for Bioresources of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 27 Academicheskaya Str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Dmitri I Gudkov
- Department of Freshwater Radioecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Geroyev Stalingrada Ave. 12, UA-04210 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Jim T Smith
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3QL, UK.
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10
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Gomes T, Song Y, Brede DA, Xie L, Gutzkow KB, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Gamma radiation induces dose-dependent oxidative stress and transcriptional alterations in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:206-216. [PMID: 29432932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Among aquatic organisms, invertebrate species such as the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna are believed to be sensitive to gamma radiation, although information on responses at the individual, biochemical and molecular level is scarce. Following gamma radiation exposure, biological effects are attributed to the formation of free radicals, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA in exposed organisms. Thus, in the present study, effects and modes of action (MoA) have been investigated in D. magna exposed to gamma radiation (dose rates: 0.41, 1.1, 4.3, 10.7, 42.9 and 106 mGy/h) after short-term exposure (24 and 48 h). Several individual, cellular and molecular endpoints were addressed, such as ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and global transcriptional changes. The results showed that oxidative stress is one of the main toxic effects in gamma radiation exposed D. magna, mediated by the dose-dependent increase in ROS formation and consequently oxidative damage to lipids and DNA over time. Global transcriptional analysis verified oxidative stress as one of the main MoA of gamma radiation at high dose rates, and identified a number of additional MoAs that may be of toxicological relevance. The present study confirmed that acute exposure to gamma radiation caused a range of cellular and molecular effects in D. magna exposed to intermediate dose rates, and highlights the need for assessing effects at longer and more environmentally relevant exposure durations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag A Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Nature Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Nature Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Science and Nature Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Hurem S, Gomes T, Brede DA, Lindbo Hansen E, Mutoloki S, Fernandez C, Mothersill C, Salbu B, Kassaye YA, Olsen AK, Oughton D, Aleström P, Lyche JL. Parental gamma irradiation induces reprotoxic effects accompanied by genomic instability in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:564-578. [PMID: 28892785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gamma radiation represents a potential health risk to aquatic and terrestrial biota, due to its ability to ionize atoms and molecules in living tissues. The effects of exposure to 60Co gamma radiation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) were studied during two sensitive life stages: gametogenesis (F0: 53 and 8.7mGy/h for 27 days, total doses 31 and 5.2Gy) and embryogenesis (9.6mGy/h for 65h; total dose 0.62Gy). Progeny of F0 exposed to 53mGy/h showed 100% mortality occurring at the gastrulation stage corresponding to 8h post fertilization (hpf). Control and F0 fish exposed to 8.7mGy/h were used to create four lines in the first filial generation (F1): control, G line (irradiated during parental gametogenesis), E line (irradiated during embryogenesis) and GE line (irradiated during parental gametogenesis and embryogenesis). A statistically significant cumulative mortality of GE larva (9.3%) compared to controls was found at 96 hpf. E line embryos hatched significantly earlier compared to controls, G and GE (48-72 hpf). The deformity frequency was higher in G and GE, but not E line compared to controls at 72 hpf. One month after parental irradiation, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased in the G line, but did not significantly differ from controls one year after parental irradiation, while at the same time point it was significantly increased in the directly exposed E and GE lines from 60 to 120 hpf. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significantly increased in the G line one year after parental irradiation, while significant increase in DNA damage was detected in both the G and GE compared to controls and E line at 72 hpf. Radiation-induced bystander effects, triggered by culture media from tissue explants and observed as influx of Ca2+ ions through the cellular membrane of the reporter cells, were significantly increased in 72 hpf G line progeny one month after irradiation of the parents. One year after parental irradiation, the bystander effects were increased in the E line compared to controls, but not in progeny of irradiated parents (G and GE lines). Overall, this study showed that irradiation of parents can result in multigenerational oxidative stress and genomic instability in irradiated (GE) and non-irradiated (G) progeny of irradiated parents, including increases in ROS formation, LPO, DNA damage and bystander effects. The results therefore highlight the necessity for multi- and transgenerational studies to assess the environmental impact of gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Hurem
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag A Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Lindbo Hansen
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA), Postboks 55, 1332 Østerås, Norway
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cristian Fernandez
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main St. West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Yetneberk A Kassaye
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Deborah Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Peter Aleström
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
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