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Madjo KKY, Mbiantcha M, Fagni LZN, Matah Marthe VM, Ngoufack EA, Tsafack GE, Djuichou Nguemnang SF, Adjouzem CF, Ateufack G. Gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of Nauclea pobeguinii (Rubiaceae) on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in male Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:729-739. [PMID: 37382892 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we determined the gastroprotective and ulcer-healing effects of extracts (aqueous and methanolic) of Nauclea pobeguinii stem-back. METHODS Gastroprotective and healing activity were evaluated following a HCl/ethanol and an indomethacin-induced acute ulcers models; acetic acid, pylorus-ligature, pylorus ligature/histamine and pylorus ligature/acetylcholine-induced chronic ulcers models. RESULTS It emerges from this study that, at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, the extracts significantly reduced the various ulceration parameters. Compared to negative control male rats, the aqueous (100 mg/kg) and methanolic (400 mg/kg) extracts of Nauclea pobeguinii inhibited the ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol by 80.76 % and 100 % respectively, as well as ulcers induced by indomethacin by 88.28 % and 93.47 % respectively. Animals that received 200 mg/kg of both extracts showed a significant reduction in the levels of monocytes, lymphocytes, nitric oxide, MDA and a significant increase in the activities of SOD and catalase. Histological analysis showed repaired mucous epithelium at all doses of both extracts. Aqueous and methanol extracts inhibited ulceration indices by 89.33 % and 88.53 % for pylorus ligature, 83.81 % and 61.07 % for pylorus ligature/acetylcholine and 87.29 % and 99.63 % for pylorus ligature/histamine respectively. Both extracts protected the stomach lining with percentages inhibition of 79.49 % and 81.73 %, respectively in the ethanol test. The extracts induced a significant increase in mucus mass (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The aqueous and methanol extracts of Nauclea pobeguinii healed ulcers thanks to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-secretory and cytoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karelle Kouam Yacine Madjo
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Marius Mbiantcha
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Linda Zenab Njoya Fagni
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Vanessa Mba Matah Marthe
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Elvira Azanze Ngoufack
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gonzal Eric Tsafack
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Carine Flore Adjouzem
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gilbert Ateufack
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Chronic Gastric Ulcer Healing Actions of the Aqueous Extracts of Staple Plant Foods of the North-West, Adamawa, and West Regions of Cameroon. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:2657278. [PMID: 36654868 PMCID: PMC9842419 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2657278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim This study is aimed at establishing phenolic compound profile and assessing the possible antiulcer activities of aqueous extracts of some staple plant foods from the West and North-West regions of Cameroon against chronic gastric ulcer models in rats. Materials and Methods Phenolic constituents of extracts were evaluated using HPLC-DAD. Aqueous extracts of Corchorus olitorius, Solanum nigrum, Vigna unguiculata, Triumfetta pentandra, "nkui" spices, and "yellow soup" spices were tested at two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg). After treatments, animals were sacrificed, healing percentage and antioxidant status (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) were evaluated, and histological examination of gastric mucosa was realized. Results HPLC-DAD revealed that p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids were the phenolic compound present in all extracts. Oral administration of extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced ulcer surface value and significantly increased mucus production compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Histological study supported the observed healing activity of different extracts characterized by a reduced inflammatory response. Moreover, administration of aqueous extracts increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion This study revealed that aqueous extracts of Solanum nigrum, Corchorus olitorius, Vigna unguiculata, Triumfetta pentandra, "yellow soup" spices, and "nkui" spices possess healing antiulcer effects against models of gastric ulcers. The antiulcer mechanisms involved may include increase of gastric mucus production and improvement of the antioxidant activity of gastric tissue. These activities may be due to the phenolic compounds identified in the extracts, especially p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids present in all extracts and with known antioxidant, cytoprotective, and healing properties. However, all the diets may promote the healing process of chronic ulcers caused by excessive alcohol consumption/stress.
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Aleid IS, Alfheeaid HA, Aljutaily T, Alhomaid RM, Alharbi HF, Althwab SA, Abdel-Rahman HA, AlGeffari MA, Barakat H. Gastroprotective Effects of Spirulina platensis, Golden Kiwifruit Flesh, and Golden Kiwifruit Peel Extracts Individually or in Combination against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103499. [PMID: 34684501 PMCID: PMC8540802 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Spirulina platensis (SP), golden kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) flesh (KF), and golden kiwifruit peel (KP) individually or in combination (SFP) on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Negative control rats (GI) were orally administered distilled water in parallel with other treatments. The positive control rat group (GII) was administered 30 mg kg−1 indomethacin to induce gastric ulcers. The KF and KF extracts were used individually or together with SP in treating indomethacin-induced gastric ulcerated rat groups. Gastric ulcerated rat’s groups GIII, GIV, GV, GVI, and GVII were orally administered at 30 mg kg−1 rat body weight as total phenolic content (TPC) equivalent from SP, KF, KP, SPF extracts, and Lansoprazole (30 mg kg−1, as reference drug) daily up to 14 days, respectively. The relevant biochemical parameters, antioxidant biomarkers, and histopathological examination were examined. Remarkably, treating rats with SP, KF, KP, and SFP extracts markedly reduced gastric juice and stomach volume expansion induced by indomethacin. The SP significantly retrieved the pH of gastric juice to a regular rate compared to GI. The ulcer index (UI) was significantly attenuated by SP, KF, KP, and SFP administration. The protection index percentage (PI %) was 80.79, 54.51, 66.08, 75.74, and 74.86% in GIII, GIV, GV, GVI, and GVII, respectively. The gastric mucin content was significantly better attenuated by 95.7 in GIII compared to its content in GI. Lansoprazole increased mucin content by 80.3%, which was considerably lower than SP and SFP. SP, KF, KP, SFP, and Lansoprazole improved the reform of gastric mucosal-increased secreted mucus by 95.6, 61.3, 64.8, 103.1, and 80.2% in GIII, GIV, GV, GVI, and GVII, respectively. Interestingly, SFP efficiently increased vit. B12 level by 46.0% compared to other treatments. While Lansoprazole administrating did not significantly attenuate vit. B12 level. The SP and SFP improved iron and Hemoglobin (HB) levels depending on treatment. SP, KF, KP, and SFP significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in blood and stomach tissues. The most potent effect was observed with SP, and SFP was even better than Lansoprazole. Histopathologically, treating rats with SP extract showed a marked reduction of gastric damage and severity changes induced by indomethacin. KP was much better than KF in lessening gastric histopathological damages caused by indomethacin. SFP significantly alleviates gastric histopathological alterations. The lansoprazole-treated group (GVII) greatly relieved the gastric histopathological changes and recorded mild focal necrosis and desquamation of the mucosa in addition to mild oedema in the serosal layer. In conclusion, the presented results proved the antiulcer potential of SP and A. chinensis extracts against an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats, which may be due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammation efficiency. Thus, these data suggested that SP, KF, KP, and SFP extracts as natural and safe alternatives have a gastroprotective potential against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties are probable mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim S. Aleid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (I.S.A.); (H.A.A.); (T.A.); (R.M.A.); (H.F.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Hani A. Alfheeaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (I.S.A.); (H.A.A.); (T.A.); (R.M.A.); (H.F.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Thamer Aljutaily
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (I.S.A.); (H.A.A.); (T.A.); (R.M.A.); (H.F.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Raghad M. Alhomaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (I.S.A.); (H.A.A.); (T.A.); (R.M.A.); (H.F.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Hend F. Alharbi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (I.S.A.); (H.A.A.); (T.A.); (R.M.A.); (H.F.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Sami A. Althwab
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (I.S.A.); (H.A.A.); (T.A.); (R.M.A.); (H.F.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Hassan A. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Metab A. AlGeffari
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (I.S.A.); (H.A.A.); (T.A.); (R.M.A.); (H.F.A.); (S.A.A.)
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-547141277
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Abstract
Background:
Peptic ulcer is a deep gastrointestinal erosion disorder that involves
the entire mucosal thickness and can even penetrate the muscular mucosa. Nowadays, several
plants and compounds derived from it have been screened for their antiulcer activity. In
the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. This
field has gained popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural
origin and less side effects.
Objective:
This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of currently available
knowledge of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents reported for their anti-ulcer properties.
Methods:
The worldwide accepted database like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, NISCAIR,
ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar were
used to retrieve available published literature.
Results:
A comprehensive review of the present paper is an attempt to list the plants with
antiulcer activity. The review narrates the dire need to explore potential chemical moieties
that exert an antiulcer effect, from unexploited traditional plants. Furthermore, the present
study reveals the intense requirement to exploit the exact mechanism through which either
the plant extracts or their active constituents exhibit their antiulcer properties.
Conclusion:
This article is the compilation of the plants and its constituents reported for the
treatment of peptic ulcers. The Comprehensive data will surely attract the number of investigators
to initiate further research that might lead to the drugs for the treatment of ulcers. As
sufficient scientific data is not available on plants, most of the herbals cannot be recommended
for the treatment of diseases. This can be achieved by research on pure chemical
structures derived from plants or to prepare new lead compounds with proven beneficial
preclinical in vitro and in vivo effects. However, a lot remains to be done in further investigations
for the better status of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minky Mukhija
- Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Balawala, Dehradun-248001, India
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Comparison of the Modulatory Effect on Intestinal Microbiota between Raw and Bran-Fried Atractylodis Rhizoma in the Rat Model of Spleen-Deficiency Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173183. [PMID: 31480462 PMCID: PMC6747493 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR), a kind of well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has a long history of being used to treat spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS). Stir frying with bran is a common method of processing AR, as recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and is thought to enhance the therapeutic effect in TCM. Our previous studies have confirmed that bran-fried AR is superior to raw AR in terms of the improvement of gastrointestinal tract function. However, the biological mechanism of action is not yet clear. Here, we report the difference between raw and bran-fried AR in terms of the modulatory effect of intestinal microbiota. We found that the composition of intestinal microbiota of SDS rats changed significantly compared with healthy rats and tended to recover to normal levels after treatment with raw and bran-fried AR. Nine bacteria closely related to SDS were identified at the genus level. Among them, the modulatory effect between the raw and bran-fried AR was different. The improved modulation on Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, Phascolarctobacterium, Incertae-Sedis (Defluviitaleaceae Family) and Incertae-Sedis (Erysipelotrichaceae Family) could be the mechanism by which bran-fried AR enhanced the therapeutic effect. Correlation analysis revealed that the modulation on intestinal microbiota was closely related to the secretion and expression of cytokines and gastrointestinal hormones. These findings can help us to understand the role and significance of bran-fried AR against SDS.
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AbdulSalam H, Hassan Kha HAER. Potential Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Gastroprotective Effect of Grape Seed Extract in Indomethacin-induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.209.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaf harvested in Southern part of Nigeria in rat. EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2018-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is one of the common cause of hospital consultation with an increasing prevalence worldwide and it is traditionally managed with herbal medicine in the developing countries. This study investigated the gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaf in rats. Cold maceration in 80% methanol was adopted during extract preparation while gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was employed in the phytochemical analysis. The doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg E. speciosa were used on ethanol-and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in rats. The shay rat method was used to determine the effects of ESE on gastric acidity while the anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities were investigated on isolated rabbit jejunum ex vivo. The GC-MS analysis identified six bioactive compounds. Both ESE and cimetidine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the severity of indomethacin- and ethanol-induced gastric injuries and gastric acid contents in Shay rats. The extract elicited concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated rabbit jejunum and reduced the contraction induced by both acetylcholine and histamine in the same tissue. The findings showed that ESE protected the rats against chemical-induced gastric ulcer through anticholinergic and antihistaminic mechanisms.
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Kouitcheu Mabeku LB, Nanfack Nana B, Eyoum Bille B, Tchuenteu Tchuenguem R, Nguepi E. Anti-Helicobacter pylori and antiulcerogenic activity of Aframomum pruinosum seeds on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:929-936. [PMID: 28164737 PMCID: PMC6130624 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Peptic ulcer is one of the most common diseases affecting mankind. Although there are many products used for its treatment, most of these products produce severe adverse reactions requiring the search for novel compounds. Some Afromomum species are used traditionally to cure acute gastritis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antiulcer activity of the methanol extract of Aframomum pruinosum Gagnepain (Zingiberaceae) seeds against two major etiologic agents of peptic ulcer disease; Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-Helicobacter activity of A. pruinosum was evaluated using the broth microdilution method. After oral administration of indomethacin (5 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days, gastric ulcerated animals were divided into control group and five other groups: three groups that recieved respectively 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of plant extract, the fourth group received Maalox (50 mg/kg) and the fifth group, Misoprostol (100 μg/kg), respectively, for 5 days. Ulcer areas, gastric mucus content and nitric oxide gastric levels of animals were assessed 24 h after this treatment. RESULTS A. pruinosum extract shows a moderate anti-Helicobacter activity with an MIC value of 128 μg/mL. A. pruinosum extract, like Misoprostol and Maalox, markedly reduces the % of ulcerated area from 8.15 ± 0.33 to 1.71 ± 0.44% (500 mg/kg). It also increased significantly mucus and NO gastric production with respective values of 4.44 ± 1.35 and 965.81 ± 106.74 μmol/g (500 mg/kg). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings suggest that A. pruinosum methanol extract possesses antiulcer properties as ascertained by the comparative decreases in ulcer areas, increase of mucus and NO gastric production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Brigitte Kouitcheu Mabeku
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Blandine Nanfack Nana
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bertrand Eyoum Bille
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Roland Tchuenteu Tchuenguem
- Microbiology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Eveline Nguepi
- Gastroenterology Department, Laquintinie Hospital of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
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Anzoise ML, Basso AR, Del Mauro JS, Carranza A, Ordieres GL, Gorzalczany S. Potential usefulness of methyl gallate in the treatment of experimental colitis. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:839-849. [PMID: 29116460 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methyl gallate is a gallotannin widely distributed in nature. Previous studies have demonstrated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, the activity of methyl gallate on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease has been investigated. Experimental colitis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats through the intracolonic instillation of an acetic acid solution (2 mL, 4% v/v). Methyl gallate (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) and the reference drug mesalazine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) were tested. Methyl gallate induced a significant reduction in the colon weight/length ratio and macroscopic lesion score. Besides, the malondialdehyde content and the GSSG/GSH ratio were remarkably decreased. Furthermore, the administration of methyl gallate reduced the expression of COX2, IL-6, TNFα and the severity of microscopic tissue damage induced by acetic acid, while the mean goblet cell density was significantly higher in both the group treated with methyl gallate and the one treated with mesalazine, in comparison with untreated animals. The Na+K+ATPase pump activity was recovered in treated groups (control: 827.2 ± 59.6, colitis: 311.6 ± 54.8, methyl gallate 100 mg/kg: 642.2 ± 175.0, methyl gallate 300 mg/kg: 809.7 ± 100.6, mesalazine: 525.3 ± 81.7). Methyl gallate was also found to induce a significant reduction in the castor oil-induced intestinal motility in Swiss mice, decreasing the peristalsis by 74.5 and 58.82% at 100 and 300 mg/kg p.o., respectively. This compound also antagonized the jejunum contractions induced by Ach and CaCl2. This study demonstrates that methyl gallate exerts beneficial effects in a preclinical model of intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Anzoise
- Pharmacology Chair, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angeles Rodríguez Basso
- Pharmacology Chair, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Sofía Del Mauro
- Pharmacology Chair, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Carranza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, M T de Alvear 2270, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela López Ordieres
- Pharmacology Chair, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Gorzalczany
- Pharmacology Chair, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Albaayit SFA, Abba Y, Abdullah R, Abdullah N. Prophylactic effects of Clausena excavata Burum. f. leaf extract in ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1973-86. [PMID: 27366052 PMCID: PMC4914073 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clausena excavata is a natural herb with both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been used for decades in folkloric practice for the amelioration of various ailments. In this study, the gastroprotective activity of methanolic extract of C. excavata leaves (MECE) was determined in the Sprague Dawley rat ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Rats were pretreated with a single dose of vehicle (5% Tween 20), 20 mg/mL omeprazole, 400 and 200 mg/mL of MECE dissolved in 5% Tween 20. Ulcer was induced with 5 mL/kg of ethanol and stomach tissue was obtained after 1 hour. Histological examination was done on hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and immunochemically stained gastric mucosal tissues. Prostaglandin E2, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation levels of the gastric tissue homogenates were also determined. Significantly (P<0.05) smaller ulcer areas, less intense edema, and fewer leukocytes’ infiltration were observed in MECE- and omeprazole-treated than in untreated gastric mucosa with ulcer. The gastric pH, mucus production, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase contents increased, while the lipid peroxidation content decreased as a result of MECE treatment. Bcl-2-associated X protein was underexpressed, while heat shock protein 70 and transforming growth factor-beta protein were overexpressed in the ulcerated gastric mucosa tissues treated with omeprazole and MECE. Similarly, there was a reduction in the levels of tumor necrotic factor-alpha and interleukin-6, while the level of interleukin-10 was increased. This study showed that the gastroprotective effect of MECE is achieved through inhibition of gastric juice secretion and ulcer lesion development, stimulation of mucus secretion, elevation of gastric pH, reduction of reactive oxygen species production, inhibition of apoptosis in the gastric mucosa, and modulation of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Fadhel Abbas Albaayit
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorlidah Abdullah
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Batista LM, Lima GRDM, De Almeida ABA, Magri LDP, Calvo TR, Ferreira AL, Pellizzon CH, Hiruma-Lima CA, Vilegas W, Sano PT, Brito ARMS. Ulcer healing and mechanism(s) of action involved in the gastroprotective activity of fractions obtained from Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:391. [PMID: 26511617 PMCID: PMC4625929 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus, currently known for Comanthera aciphylla (Bong.) L.R.Parra & Giul. and Comanthera bisulcata (Koern.) L.R. Parra & Giul, popularly known in Brazil as “sempre-vivas,” are plants from the family Eriocaulaceae. They are found in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. The species are known to be rich in flavonoids to which their gastroprotective activity has been attributed. In this research, experimental protocols were performed to elucidate the associated mechanisms of action. Methods The activity was evaluated using induced gastric ulcer models (acetic acid and ethanol-induced gastric lesions in NEM or L-NAME pre-treated mice, and by ischemia/reperfusion). Antioxidant enzymes, serum somatostatin, and gastrin were also evaluated. Results In chronic gastric ulcers, a single daily oral dose of Sa-FRF or Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg body wt.) for 14 consecutive days accelerated ulcer healing to an extent similar to that seen with an equal dose of cimetidine. The pre-treatment of mice with NEM (N-ethylmaleimide) or L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine) abolished the protective activity of Sa-FRF, Sa-FDF, Sb-FDF and Sb-FRF or Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, respectively, which indicates that antioxidant compounds and nitric oxide synthase activity are involved in the gastroprotective. Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg p.o) protected the gastric mucosa against ulceration that was induced by ischemia/reperfusion (72 and 76 %, respectively). It also decreased lipid peroxidation and restored total thiols in the gastric wall of mice that had been treated with ethanol. When administered to rats submitted to ethanol-induced gastric lesions, Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the somatostatin serum levels, while the gastrin serum levels were proportionally decreased. Conclusions The results indicate significant healing effects and gastroprotective activity for the Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, which probably involves the participation of SH groups, nitric oxide (NO), the antioxidant system, somatostatin, and gastrin. All are integral parts of the gastrointestinal mucosa’s cytoprotective mechanisms against aggressive factors.
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Abstract
Peptic ulcers are open sores or erosions in the lining of either the duodenum (duodenal ulcers) or the stomach (gastric ulcers). Peptic ulcer, which is mainly caused by bacterial attack or excess of acid secretion, can be cured effectively by these isolated plant compounds. In this present scenario, demand for herbal medicines are increasing due to easy availability in surrounding place at low cost. This review article is all about such isolated plant compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Various plants have been used as folk medicine by the people of rural area, which shows significant effect against peptic ulcer. Further study should be conducted upon these herbal plants because there is possibility for minimising the adverse effect caused by the present antiulcer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Jain
- a Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya , Koni, Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh 495009 , India
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Okokon JE, Etebong EO, Udobang JA, Obot J. Antiplasmodial and antiulcer activities of Melanthera scadens. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:16-20. [PMID: 23569827 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antimalarial and antiulcerogenic activities of leaf extract and fractions of Melanthera scandens (M. scandens). METHODS The crude leaf extract (37-111 mg/kg) and fractions (chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol; 78 mg/kg) of M. scadens were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in mice and for antiulcer activity against experimentally-induced ulcers. The antimalarial activity during early and established infections as well as prophylactic was investigated. Artesunate (5 mg/kg) and pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg) were used as positive controls. Thin films made from tail blood of each mouse were used to assess the level of parasitaemia of the mice. Antiulcer activity of the crude extract was also evaluated against indomethacin, ethanol and histamine induced ulcers. RESULTS The extract and its fractions dose-dependently reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei infection in prophylactic, suppressive and curative models in mice. These reductions were statistically significant (P<0.001). They also improved the mean survival time (MST) from 9.28 to 17.73 days as compared with the control (P<0.01-0.001). The activities of extract/fractions were incomparable to that of the standard drugs i.e. artesunate and pyrimethamine. On experimentally-induced ulcers, the extract inhibited indomethacin, ethanol and histamine induced ulcers. These inhibitions were statistically significant (P<0.001) and in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS The antiplasmodial and antiulcerogenic effects of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E Okokon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
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Carrasco V, Pinto LA, Cordeiro KW, Cardoso CAL, Freitas KDC. Antiulcer activities of the hydroethanolic extract of Sedum dendroideum Moc et Sessé ex DC. (balsam). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:345-351. [PMID: 25446587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Sedum dendroideum, commonly known as balsam, have long been employed for the treatment of gastric ulcers. The aim of study was to evaluate the antiulcer activity and toxicological properties of Sedum dendroideum using induced gastric ulcer models in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydroethanolic extract of Sedum dendroideum (ESD) was analyzed using an acute ulcer model using ethanol and indomethacin and a chronic ulcer model using acetic acid. The toxicity was evaluated with acute and subacute toxicity tests. The gastric secretion was assessed by the performance of pyloric ligation and the gastric volume, pH, and hydrogen ion concentration. The mechanism of the gastroprotective activity of ESD through the involvement of nitric oxide and sulfhydryl compounds was assessed. Moreover, a phytochemical screening and antioxidant assays were performed. RESULTS No signs of toxicity were observed. In the ethanol-induced ulceration model, ESD doses of 25, 50, and 100mg/kg significantly reduced the gastric lesions by 66.03%, 71.11%, and 70.82%, respectively. In the indomethacin-induced ulceration model, ESD doses of 25, 50, and 100mg/kg significantly reduced the gastric lesions by 89.88%, 94.36%, and 90.64%, respectively. Treatment with ESD at 50mg/kg and cimetidine at 200mg/kg significantly reduced acetic acid-induced ulcerations and resulted in 92.99% and 77.16% cure, respectively. ESD doses of 25, 50, and 100mg/kg inhibited oxidation by 79.7%, 82.4%, and 82.3%, respectively. The antiulcer activity of ESD may involve sulfhydryl compounds, considering that this activity was inhibited in the animals treated with sulfhydryl compound blockers. Furthermore, ESD increased mucus secretion and reduced gastric acidity and volume. CONCLUSIONS The leaf extract of Sedum dendroideum exhibited gastroprotective activity, potentially due to sulfhydryl compounds and antioxidant activity. Therefore, other studies are warranted to elucidate the antiulcer properties of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Carrasco
- Federal University of Grande Dourados, School of Health Sciences, Dourados (Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde), Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lorraine Aparecida Pinto
- Federal University of Grande Dourados, School of Health Sciences, Dourados (Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde), Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kátia Wolff Cordeiro
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Medical School, (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, School of Chemistry (Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Curso de Química), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Federal University Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Center of Biological and Health Sciences (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Park S, Nhiem NX, Van Kiem P, Ban NK, Kim N, Kim SH. A new flavonoid glycoside from the leaves of Homonoia riparia. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee IC, Baek HS, Kim SH, Moon C, Park SH, Kim SH, Shin IS, Park SC, Kim JC. Effect of diallyl disulfide on acute gastric mucosal damage induced by alcohol in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:227-39. [PMID: 24972622 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114537095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the gastroprotective effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS), a secondary organosulfur compound derived from garlic (Allium sativum L.) on experimental model of ethanol (EtOH)-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The antiulcerogenic activity of DADS was evaluated by gross/histopathological inspection, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and lipid peroxidation with antioxidant enzyme activities in the stomach. DADS (100 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage 2 h prior to EtOH treatment (5 ml/kg). The animals were killed 1 h after receiving EtOH treatment. Pretreatment with DADS attenuated EtOH-induced gastric mucosal injury, as evidenced by decreased severity of hemorrhagic lesions and gastric ulcer index upon visual inspection. DADS also prevented histopathological alterations and gastric apoptotic changes caused by EtOH. An increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase was observed in the gastric tissues of EtOH-treated rats that coincided with increased serum TNF-α and interleukin 6 levels. In contrast, DADS effectively suppressed production of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by EtOH. Furthermore, DADS prevented the formation of gastric malondialdehyde and the depletion of reduced glutathione content and restored antioxidant enzyme activities, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the gastric tissues of EtOH-treated rats. These results indicate that DADS prevents gastric mucosal damage induced by acute EtOH administration in rats and that the protective effects of DADS may be due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-C Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - C Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - I-S Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - S-C Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J-C Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Al Batran R, Al-Bayaty F, Ameen Abdulla M, Jamil Al-Obaidi MM, Hajrezaei M, Hassandarvish P, Fouad M, Golbabapour S, Talaee S. Gastroprotective effects of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:1321-9. [PMID: 23611708 PMCID: PMC3842111 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Corchorus olitorius is a medicinal plant traditionally utilized as an antifertility, anti-convulsive, and purgative agent. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of C. olitorius against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in adult Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS The rats were divided into seven groups according to their pretreatment: an untreated control group, an ulcer control group, a reference control group (20 mg/kg omeprazole), and four experimental groups (50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of extract). Carboxymethyl cellulose was the vehicle for the agents. Prior to the induction of gastric ulcers with absolute ethanol, the rats in each group were pretreated orally. An hour later, the rats were sacrificed, and gastric tissues were collected to evaluate the ulcers and to measure enzymatic activity. The tissues were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. RESULTS Compared with the extensive mucosal damage in the ulcer control group, gross evaluation revealed a marked protection of the gastric mucosa in the experimental groups, with significantly preserved gastric wall mucus. In these groups, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and reduced (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition to the histologic analyses (HE and periodic acid-Schiff staining), immunohistochemistry confirmed the protection through the upregulation of Hsp70 and the downregulation of Bax proteins. The gastroprotection of the experimental groups was comparable to that of the reference control medicine omeprazole. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports the gastroprotective property of an ethanolic extract of C. olitorius against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Al Batran
- Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MaraShah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fouad Al-Bayaty
- Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MaraShah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazen M Jamil Al-Obaidi
- Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MaraShah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Hajrezaei
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Fouad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahram Golbabapour
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Samaneh Talaee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sowndhararajan K, Kang SC. Protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Acacia ferruginea DC. against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:175-181. [PMID: 23608239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional systems of medicine, stem bark of Acacia ferruginea DC. is used for the treatment of itching, leucoderma, ulcers, stomatitis and diseases of the blood. In the present study, we determined antioxidant and anti-ulcerogenic activities of Acacia ferruginea stem bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acetone extract and its sub-fractions of Acacia ferruginea stem bark were subjected to assess their antioxidant potential using various in vitro systems such as DPPH(•), ABTS(•+) scavenging, FRAP and phosphomolybdenum reduction activities. Based on the antioxidant potential, the ethyl acetate fraction was used to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol-induced gastric damage in rat model. Enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase and lipid peroxidation were also determined in the stomach tissues. RESULTS Ethyl acetate fraction (AFE) of Acacia ferruginea stem bark registered higher antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities than the crude acetone extract and other fractions. In addition, AFE exhibited that the IC50 values of DPPH (2.5µg/ml) and ABTS (1.8µg/ml) were lower when compared to the standard quercetin (12.4µg/ml and 4.7µg/ml, respectively). In ethanol induced gastric ulcer, administration of AFE at doses of 10mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg body weight prior to ethanol ingestion significantly protected the stomach ulceration. Consequently significant changes were observed in enzyme activities such as SOD, CAT, GSH and LPO in the stomach tissues when compared with ethanol control group. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction of Acacia ferruginea stem bark possessed higher antioxidant and anti-ulcerogenic activities. Based on the results, we suggest that Acacia ferruginea stem bark has potential to provide a therapeutic approach to ethanol mediated ulcer as an effective anti-ulcer agent.
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Ignatius V, Narayanan M, Subramanian V, Periyasamy BM. Antiulcer Activity of Indigenous Plant Operculina turpethum Linn. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:272134. [PMID: 23476683 PMCID: PMC3582069 DOI: 10.1155/2013/272134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the Indian traditional system of medicine Operculina turpethum is commonly used to treat various ailments including peptic ulcer, inflammation, and pain. Ulcer preventive and ulcer protective activities of HAOP and MOP stem bark extracts of Operculina turpethum (100 mg/kg, b.w., orally) were evaluated employing aspirin + pylorus ligation (APL) model in experimental rats. The results suggested that both extracts (HAOP and MOP) possess enhanced ulcer preventive and protective activities when compared with the standard drug ranitidine. HAOP showed more pronounced effect when compared to MOP. Further the result of the histopathological and biochemical studies also confirms potent ulcer preventive and protective nature of a extracts in a similar manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Ignatius
- Department of Pharmacology, Sathyabama University Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama University, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 119, India
| | - Madhusudhanan Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacology, Sathyabama University Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama University, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 119, India
| | - Venkataraman Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 113, India
| | - Balasubramanian Maruthaiveeran Periyasamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 113, India
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Awaad AS, El-Meligy RM, Soliman GA. Natural products in treatment of ulcerative colitis and peptic ulcer. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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de Morais Lima GR, de Albuquerque Montenegro C, de Sousa Falcão H, de Jesus NZT, Cabral AGS, Gomes IF, Agra MDF, Tavares JF, Batista LM. Gastroprotective activity of the ethanolic extract and hexane phase of Combretum duarteanum Cambess. (Combretaceae). J Nat Med 2012; 67:492-502. [PMID: 22983657 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Combretum duarteanum Cambess. is found in South America, particularly in Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil. In Paraiba state (Brazil), the species usually occurs in the Caatinga biome. It is popularly known as mofumbo, cipiúba, or cipaúba. This work aims to evaluate the gastroprotective activity and the cytoprotective mechanisms of the ethanolic extract (Cd-EtOHE) and hexane phase (Cd-HexP) obtained from the leaves of C. duarteanum. Doses at 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP were tested in models of gastric ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol, absolute ethanol, stress, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and pylorus ligation in male rats or mice. Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP significantly reduced gastric injuries induced in all models. Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP did not alter gastric juice parameters such as pH, [H(+)], or volume after pylorus ligation. Cytoprotective mechanisms of Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP in relation to mucus, nitric oxide (NO), and sulfhydryl (SH) groups were evaluated. Neither product increased the mucus, and they both showed dependence on NO and SH groups to prevent gastric ulcer. Both Cd-EtOHE and Cd-HexP demonstrated gastroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedson Rodrigues de Morais Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
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Qader SW, Abdulla MA, Chua LS, Sirat HM, Hamdan S. Pharmacological mechanisms underlying gastroprotective activities of the fractions obtained from Polygonum minus in Sprague Dawley rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:1481-1496. [PMID: 22408403 PMCID: PMC3291972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Polygonum minus were fractionated using an eluting solvent to evaluate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti-ulcerogenic activity of P. minus. Different P. minus fractions were obtained and evaluated for their ulcer preventing capabilities using the ethanol induction method. In this study, Sprague Dawley rats weighing 150–200 g were used. Different parameters were estimated to identify the active fraction underlying the mechanism of the gastroprotective action of P. minus: the gastric mucus barrier, as well as superoxide dismutase, total hexosamine, and prostaglandin synthesis. Amongst the five fractions from the ethanolic extract of P. minus, the ethyl acetate:methanol 1:1 v/v fraction (F2) significantly (p < 0.005) exhibited better inhibition of ulcer lesions in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rats pre-treated with F2 showed a significant elevation in superoxide dismutase (SOD), hexosamine and PGE2 levels in the stomach wall mucosa in a dose-dependent matter. Based on these results, the ethyl acetate:methanol 1:1 v/v fraction was considered to be the best fraction for mucous protection in the ethanol induction model. The mechanisms underlying this protection were attributed to the synthesis of antioxidants and PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhailah Wasman Qader
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Lee Suan Chua
- Metabolites Profiling Laboratory, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Hasnah Mohd Sirat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Salehhuddin Hamdan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +60-77229364; Fax: +60-75531112
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Freitas FFBP, Fernandes HB, Piauilino CA, Pereira SS, Carvalho KIM, Chaves MH, Soares PMG, Miura LMCV, Leite JRSA, Oliveira RCM, Oliveira FA. Gastroprotective activity of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. in animal models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:700-708. [PMID: 21723384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The stem barks of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (Rutaceae), locally known as "mamica de cadela", are popularly used in dyspepsies, stomachic, tonic, antitumoral, antipyretic and are used in treating flatulence and colic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium (EEZR) stem barks in acute gastric lesion models, investigating their possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were used for the evaluation of the acute toxicity, and mice and rats to study the gastroprotective activity. The gastroprotective action of EEZR was analyzed in the absolute ethanol, HCl/ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric lesion models in mice, hypothermic-restraint stress, and ischemia/reperfusion in rats. In the investigation of the gastroprotective mechanisms of EEZR, the participation of the NO-synthase pathway, ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)), the levels of the non-protein sulfhydril groups (NP-SH) and the catalase activity using the ethanol-induced gastric mucosa lesion model and the quantification of the gastric mucus and the antisecretory activity through pylorus ligature model in rats were analyzed. RESULTS The animals did not present any signs of acute toxicity for the EEZR (up to the 4 g/kg dose, po), and it was not possible to calculate the DL(50). EEZR (125-500 mg/kg) exhibited a significant gastroprotective effect in absolute ethanol, HCl/ethanol, hypothermic-restraint stress, and ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric lesion models. EEZR (250 and 500 mg/kg) exhibited still a gastroprotective activity in the indomethacin-induced ulcer model. Gastroprotection of EEZR was significantly decreased in pre-treated mice with l-NAME or glibenclamide, the respective nitric oxide synthase and K(ATP) channels inhibitors. Our studies revealed that EEZR (500 mg/kg) prevented the decrease of the non-protein sulfhydril groups (NP-SH) and increased the catalase levels in ethanol-treated animals. Furthermore, the extract (500 mg/kg) significantly increased the mucus production, however, the gastric secretion parameters (volume, [H(+)], pH) did not show any alteration. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium exhibits a significant gastroprotection, because it inhibits the formation of gastric lesions using different models. The release of the nitric oxide, the opening of the K(ATP) channels, the participation of the non-protein sulfhydril groups (NP-SH), catalase and the increase of mucous secretion seem to be involved in the gastroprotection activity of the EEZR. Nevertheless, this activity does not seem to be related to antisecretory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F B P Freitas
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Moncayo R. Reflections on the theory of "silver bullet" octreotide tracers: implications for ligand-receptor interactions in the age of peptides, heterodimers, receptor mosaics, truncated receptors, and multifractal analysis. EJNMMI Res 2011; 1:9. [PMID: 22214590 PMCID: PMC3251005 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical attitude of Nuclear Medicine practitioners on matters of peptide-receptor interactions has maintained an intrinsic monogamic character since many years. New advances in the field of biochemistry and even in clinical Nuclear Medicine have challenged this type of thinking, which prompted me to work on this review. The central issue of this paper will be the use of somatostatin analogs, i.e., octreotide, in clinical imaging procedures as well as in relation to neuroendocirne tumors. Newly described characteristics of G-protein coupled receptors such as the formation of receptor mosaics will be discussed. A small section will enumerate the regulatory processes found in the cell membrane. Possible new interpretations, other than tumor detection, based on imaging procedures with somatostatin analogs will be presented. The readers will be taken to situations such as inflammation, nociception, mechanosensing, chemosensing, fibrosis, taste, and vascularity where somatostatin is involved. Thyroid-associated orbitopathy will be used as a model for the development of multi-agent therapeutics. The final graphical summary depicts the multifactorial properties of ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Moncayo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Viuda-Martos M, Ruiz-Navajas Y, Fernández-López J, Pérez-Alvarez JA. Spices as functional foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:13-28. [PMID: 21229415 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903044271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spices and aromatic herbs have been used since antiquity as preservatives, colorants, and flavor enhancers. Spices, which have long been the basis of traditional medicine in many countries, have also been the subject of study, particularly by the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries, because of their potential use for improving health. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated how these substances act as antioxidants, digestive stimulants, and hypolipidemics and show antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancerigenic activities. These beneficial physiological effects may also have possible preventative applications in a variety of pathologies. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the potential of spices and aromatic herbs as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viuda-Martos
- Grupo Industrialización de Productos de Origen Animal (IPOA), Generalitat Valenciana, Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Orihuela Alicante
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Calvo TR, Demarco D, Santos FV, Moraes HP, Bauab TM, Varanda EA, Cólus IMS, Vilegas W. Phenolic Compounds in Leaves of Alchornea Triplinervia: Anatomical Localization, Mutagenicity, and Antibacterial Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are produced by secretory idioblasts and hypodermis, and by specialized cells of the epidermis and chlorenchyma of leaves of Alchornea triplinervia. Phytochemical investigation of these leaves led to the isolation of the known substances quercetin, quercetin-7- O-β-D-ghicopyranoside, quercetin-3- O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3- O-β-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3- O-α-L-arabinopyranoside, amentoflavone, brevifolin carboxylic acid, gallic acid, and methyl gallate from the methanolic extract, and stigmasterol, campesterol, sitosterol, lupeol, friedelan-3-ol, and friedelan-3-one from the chloroform extract. In studies of antibacterial activity and mutagenicity, the methanolic extract showed promising activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=62.5 μg/mL) and was slightly mutagenic in vitro and in vivo at the highest concentrations tested (1335 mg/kg b.w.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara R. Calvo
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Departamento de Química Orgânica, c.p. 355, CEP 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Demarco
- FATEC - Faculty of Technology of Capão Bonito, CEP 18304-750, Capão Bonito, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio V. Santos
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Helen P. Moraes
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Taís M. Bauab
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana A. Varanda
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ilce M. S. Cólus
- UEL - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, CEP 86051-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Departamento de Química Orgânica, c.p. 355, CEP 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Alqasoumi S, Al-Sohaibani M, Al-Howiriny T, Al-Yahya M, Rafatullah S. Rocket “ Eruca sativa”: A salad herb with potential gastric anti-ulcer activity. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:1958-65. [PMID: 19399927 PMCID: PMC2675085 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To validate gastric anti-ulcer properties of Rocket “Eruca sativa” on experimentally-induced gastric secretion and ulceration in albino rats.
METHODS: Gastric acid secretion studies were undertaken using pylorus-ligated rats. Gastric lesions in the rats were induced by noxious chemicals including ethanol, strong alkalis, indomethacin and hypothermic restraint stress. The levels of gastric wall mucus (GWM), nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured in the glandular stomach of rats following ethanol administration. The gastric tissue was also examined histologically. The extract was used in two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) in all experiments.
RESULTS: In pylorus-ligated Shay rats, the ethanolic extract of Rocket “Eruca sativa L.” (EER) significantly and dose-dependently reduced the basal gastric acid secretion, titratable acidity and ruminal ulceration. Rocket extract significantly attenuated gastric ulceration induced by necrotizing agents (80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, 25% NaCl), indomethacin and hypothermic restraint stress. The anti-ulcer effect was further confirmed histologically. On the other hand, the extract significantly replenished GWM and NP-SH levels, as well as the MDA level significantly reduced by extract pretreatment.
CONCLUSION: Rocket extract possesses anti-secretory, cytoprotective, and anti-ulcer activities against experimentally-induced gastric lesions. The anti-ulcer effect is possibly through prostaglandin-mediated activity and/or through its anti-secretory and antioxidant properties.
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Viuda-Martos M, Ruiz-Navajas Y, Fernández-López J, Pérez-Alvarez JA. Functional properties of honey, propolis, and royal jelly. J Food Sci 2009; 73:R117-24. [PMID: 19021816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Honey, propolis, and royal jelly, products originating in the beehive, are attractive ingredients for healthy foods. Honey has been used since ancient times as part of traditional medicine. Several aspects of this use indicate that it also has functions such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflamatory, antibrowning, and antiviral. Propolis is a resinous substance produced by honeybees. This substance has been used in folk medicine since ancient times, due to its many biological properties to possess, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, among others. Royal jelly has been demonstrated to possess numerous functional properties such as antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, vasodilative and hypotensive activities, disinfectant action, antioxidant activity, antihypercholesterolemic activity, and antitumor activity. Biological activities of honey, propolis, and royal jelly are mainly attributed to the phenolic compounds such as flavonoids. Flavonoids have been reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and vasodilatory actions. In addition, flavonoids inhibit lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation, capillary permeability and fragility, and the activity of enzyme systems including cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viuda-Martos
- Grupo Industrialización de Productos de Origen Animal (IPOA), Generalitat Valenciana, Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra, E-03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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Lima ZP, Calvo TR, Silva EF, Pellizzon CH, Vilegas W, Brito ARMS, Bauab TM, Hiruma-Lima CA. Brazilian medicinal plant acts on prostaglandin level and Helicobacter pylori. J Med Food 2009; 11:701-8. [PMID: 19053863 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the current treatment strategies for the peptic ulcer patient with Helicobacter pylori infection, the method of choice is triple therapy based on the concurrent use of proton inhibitors and two antibiotics. Alchornea triplinervia is a medicinal plant commonly used by people living in the Cerrado region of Brazil to treat gastrointestinal ulcers. In the present work we proposed therapy based on this medicinal plant that presents effective gastroprotective action with antibiotic effects. Oral pretreatment with methanolic extract (ME) of A. triplinervia in rats and mice decreased the gastric injuries induced by ethanol and HCl/ethanol. Increasing the dose reduced the gastroprotective effects of ME on the gastric lesions induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. After pylorus ligature of mice, oral administration of ME induced a decrease not only in total acid but also in the ulcer index. We also observed that ME displayed antibacterial activity against H. pylori. Liquid-liquid separation of ME indicated that active constituents responsible for the gastroprotective action are concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) (50% protection) rather than in the aqueous fraction, which did not induce significant gastroprotection at the same dose (100 mg/kg). EAF induced an increase of gastric mucosa prostaglandin (PG) E(2) levels, which remained high even after previous administration of indomethacin. The phytochemical profile of ME revealed that EAF contains mainly flavonoids. In conclusion, all these results suggest that ME did not show acute toxicity, but exhibited an antisecretory property, anti-H. pylori effect, and gastroprotective action. The observed effect did not involve the participation of nitric oxide or endogenous sulfhydryl groups. However, EAF showed a more efficient gastroprotective effect than ME at a lower dose and protected the gastric mucosa by increasing PGE(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z P Lima
- Departamentos de Fisiologia, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
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Bonacorsi C, Raddi MSG, Carlos IZ, Sannomiya M, Vilegas W. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and immunostimulatory effect of extracts from Byrsonima crassa Nied. (Malpighiaceae). BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2009; 9:2. [PMID: 19149866 PMCID: PMC2652422 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-9-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Several in vitro studies have looked at the effect of medicinal plant extracts against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Regardless of the popular use of Byrsonima crassa (B. crassa) as antiemetic, diuretic, febrifuge, to treat diarrhea, gastritis and ulcers, there is no data on its effects against H. pylori. In this study, we evaluated the anti-H. pylori of B. crassa leaves extracts and its effects on reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediates induction by murine peritoneal macrophages. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth microdilution method and the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) by the horseradish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red and Griess reaction, respectively. Results The methanolic (MeOH) and chloroformic (CHCl3) extracts inhibit, in vitro, the growth of H. pylori with MIC value of 1024 μg/ml. The MeOH extract induced the production H2O2 and NO, but CHCl3 extract only NO. Conclusion Based in our results, B. crassa can be considered a source of compounds with anti-H. pylori activity, but its use should be done with caution in treatment of the gastritis and peptic ulcers, since the reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediates are involved in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury induced by ulcerogenic agents and H. pylori infections.
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Nwafor PA, Bassey AIL. Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal and anti-ulcerogenic potential of ethanol extract of Carpolobia lutea leaves in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 111:619-24. [PMID: 17296280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ethanol extract of Carpolobia lutea leaves on experimentally induced diarrhoea and ulcers was studied in rodents. The extract (245-735 mg/kg) inhibited small intestinal transit time (15.10-45.03%), castor oil-induced diarrhoea (25.69-43.54%) and fluid accumulation (7.53-34.15%), respectively, as well as indomethancin (47.64-79.79%) and ethanol-induced (65.63-89.65%) ulcer models. The various degrees of inhibitions were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of tannins, saponins and flavonoids. Others include cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and terpenes. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined to be 2449.49 mg/kg body weight. Though the mechanism of action of the extract may not be fully understood, the extract may in part be mediating its actions through its inhibitory effects on alpha2-adrenoceptor and cholinergic (anti-muscarinic receptor) systems or through the actions of its active metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Nwafor
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
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