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Xu F, Zhang H, Chen J, Zhan J, Liu P, Liu W, Qi S, Mu Y. Recent progress on the application of compound formulas of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical trials and basic research in vivo for chronic liver disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117514. [PMID: 38042388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chronic liver diseases mainly include chronic viral liver disease, metabolic liver disease, cholestatic liver disease (CLD), autoimmune liver disease, and liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Notably, the compound formulas of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective for chronic liver diseases in clinical trials and basic research in vivo, which provide evidence of chronic liver disease treatment with integrated TCM and traditional Western medicine. AIM OF THE REVIEW This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the compound formulas of TCM for treating different chronic liver diseases to elucidate the composition, main curative effects, and mechanisms of these formulas and research methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different keywords related to chronic liver diseases and keywords related to the compound formulas of TCM were used to search the literature. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched to screen out original articles about the compound formulas of TCM related to the treatment of chronic liver diseases, mainly including clinical trials and basic in vivo research related to Chinese patent drugs, classic prescriptions, proven prescriptions, and hospital preparations. We excluded review articles, meta-analysis articles, in vitro experiments, articles about TCM monomers, articles about single-medicine extracts, and articles with incomplete or uncertain description of prescription composition. Plant names were checked with MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). RESULTS In this review, the clinical efficacy and mechanism of compound formulas of TCM were summarized for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, CLD, and liver fibrosis or cirrhosis developed from these diseases and other chronic liver diseases. For each clinical trial and basic research in vivo, this review provides a detailed record of the specific composition of the compound formulas of TCM, type of clinical research, modeling method of animal experiments, grouping methods, medication administration, main efficacy, and mechanisms. CONCLUSION The general development process of chronic liver disease can be summarized as chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The compound formulas of TCM have some applications in these stages of chronic liver diseases. Owing to the continuous progress of medical technology, the benefits of the compound formulas of TCM in the treatment of chronic liver diseases are constantly changing and developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Xu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junyi Zhan
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Complex Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shenglan Qi
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of pharmacy, The SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Complex Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yongping Mu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Hosseini-Fard SR, Etemad-Moghadam S, Alaeddini M, Dehpour AR, Emamgholipour S, Golestani A. Exploring the impact of naltrexone on the THBS1/eNOS/NO pathway in osteoporotic bile duct-ligated rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:48. [PMID: 38167957 PMCID: PMC10761994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic osteodystrophy, a prevalent manifestation of metabolic bone disease, can arise in the context of chronic liver disease. The THBS1-eNOS-NO signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the maturation of osteoclast precursors. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Naltrexone (NTX) on bone loss by examining the THBS1-eNOS-NO signaling pathways in bile duct ligated (BDL) rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10 per group): control, sham-operated + normal saline, BDL + normal saline, sham-operated + NTX (10 mg/kg), and BDL + NTX. Parameters related to liver injury were measured at the study's conclusion, and Masson-trichrome staining was employed to evaluate collagen deposition in liver tissue. Bone THBS-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression levels were measured using real-time PCR, while the level of bone nitric oxide (NO) was assessed through a colorimetric assay. NTX treatment significantly attenuated the BDL-induced increase in circulating levels of liver enzymes and bilirubin. THBS-1 expression levels, elevated after BDL, were significantly suppressed following NTX administration in the BDL + NTX group. Despite no alterations in eNOS expression between groups, the bone NO level, significantly decreased in the BDL group, was significantly reduced by NTX in the BDL + NTX group. This study partly provides insights into the possible molecular mechanisms in BDL-induced osteoporosis and highlights the modulating effect of NTX on these pathways. Further research is needed to establish the impact of NTX on histomorphometric indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Alaeddini
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Pan S, Yi S, Sun J, Wang H. Gentiopicroside ameliorates CCl 4-induced liver injury in mice by regulating the PPAR-γ/Nrf2 and NF-κB/IκB signaling pathways. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231204501. [PMID: 37802492 PMCID: PMC10560445 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231204501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the mechanisms by which gentiopicroside protects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. METHODS Male mice were randomly assigned to the control; CCl4; bifendate 100 mg/kg; or gentiopicroside 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg groups. Both vehicle and drugs were administered intragastrically for 7 days. Mice were administered CCl4 intraperitoneally 1 hour after the last drug dose. After 24 hours, we collected blood and liver samples for testing. RESULTS Gentiopicroside significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities with corresponding reductions in hepatocyte denaturation and necrosis. Gentiopicroside enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and glutathione levels and reduced heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) activity and malondialdehyde levels in the liver, and these effects were attributed to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Meanwhile, gentiopicroside significantly downregulated HO-1 and upregulated SOD and GSH-Px at the mRNA level in the liver. Furthermore, gentiopicroside significantly suppressed serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β secretion, which was associated with the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB). CONCLUSIONS Gentiopicroside ameliorated CCl4-induced liver injury in mice via the PPAR-γ/Nrf2 and NF-κB/IκB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shiguang Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shiming Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Ede S, Özbeyli D, Erdoğan Ö, Çevik Ö, Kanpalta F, Ercan F, Yanardağ R, Saçan Ö, Ertik O, Yüksel M, Şener G. Hepatoprotective effects of parsley (Petroselinum Crispum) extract in rats with bile duct ligation. Arab J Gastroenterol 2023; 24:45-51. [PMID: 36379859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of parsley extract (Petroselinum Crispum; PC) against oxidative liver damage caused by bile obstruction in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bile duct ligation (BDL) method was used to induce liver injury in rats. The rats were divided into the three groups each consisting of 8 rats; Sham-operated control (C), bile duct ligated + saline treated (BDL), and BDL + PC treated groups. PC extract was given at a dose of 2 g/kg orally for 28 days. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanin amino transferase (ALT), and bilirubin levels were analyzed in sera. In order to determine free radicals in liver injury, luminol and lucigenin chemiluminescence tests used. Oxidative stress was evaluated through superoxide dismutase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, Na+/K+-ATPase and 8-hydroxy guanosine levels. Furthermore, inflammation marker myeloperoxidase, apoptosis marker caspase-3, and fibrosis markers TGF- β and hydoxyproline were investigated. The liver tissues were also examined for histological evaluations. RESULTS While PC treatment decreased AST and ALT levels which increased with BDL, oxidant damage parameters also decreased with this treatment. CONCLUSION The present study, which is the first research for PC extract on cholestasis induced liver damage, demonstrated that PC extract could be a potential therapeutic agent against liver fibrosis and need further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seren Ede
- Marmara University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Özbeyli
- Marmara University, Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Erdoğan
- Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kanpalta
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embriology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feriha Ercan
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embriology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardağ
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Engineering Department of Chemistry, Avcilar-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Saçan
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Engineering Department of Chemistry, Avcilar-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Ertik
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Engineering Department of Chemistry, Avcilar-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Marmara University, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Göksel Şener
- Fenerbahçe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ge L, Xie Q, Wei X, Li Y, Shen W, Hu Y, Yao J, Wang S, Du X, Zeng X. Five undescribed plant-derived bisphenols from Artemisia capillaris aerial parts: Structure elucidation, anti-hepatoma activities and plausible biogenetic pathway. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Shakerinasab N, Azizi M, Mansourian M, Sadeghi H, Salaminia S, Abbasi R, Shahaboddin ME, Doustimotlagh AH. Empagliflozin Exhibits Hepatoprotective Effects Against Bile Duct Ligation-induced Liver Injury in Rats: A Combined Molecular Docking Approach to In Vivo Studies. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3313-3323. [PMID: 36305136 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221027112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver damage is a chronic disease caused by dysfunction of the hepaticbiliary system. Oxidative stress and inflammation are essential factors in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. Thus, the current study was designed to examine the effect of empagliflozin on bile duct ligation-induced liver damage in rats. METHODS This study was done on male Wistar rats, which were randomly assigned to the four experimental groups: sham control (SC), bile duct ligation (BDL), SC plus empagliflozin (SC+EMPA) (receiving 10 mg of EMPA orally for 7 days), BDL plus empagliflozin 10 mg/kg (BDL+ EMPA). At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed, and serum and tissue samples were collected to analyze biochemical parameters, biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and histopathological changes. The molecular docking technique was performed to elucidate the interaction of EMPA and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1). RESULTS The results showed that BDL elevated the serum activity of ALT, AST, ALP, and levels of TBIL and TPro. BDL also intensifies the oxidative stress state in rats, which was confirmed by augmenting lipid peroxidation (MDA), protein oxidation (PCO), and altering antioxidant defense parameters through decreased SOD, catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels. Furthermore, the histopathological changes in the liver demonstrated the aggravation of inflammation and oxidative stress. In contrast, treatment with EMPA has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects by reducing TNF-α and IL-6 pro-inflammatory marker proteins, restoring the antioxidant status (increased SOD and GPX), reducing ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL levels, and protein oxidation, and improving the histopathological alterations through reducing bile duct proliferation, fibrosis, focal and portal inflammation. According to the attained findings, the SOD1 activity can be regulated by the EMPA. Our documentation presents direct evidence at the molecular level related to the ability of EMPA to exert its antioxidant performance through certain measures in a particular molecular route. CONCLUSION The results showed EMPA to have hepatic protective effects in rats against cholestatic liver injury, an effect mediated by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Shakerinasab
- Department of Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mahdokht Azizi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Mansourian
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Shirvan Salaminia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Yasuj University of Medical Science, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Reza Abbasi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yasuj University of Medical Science, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Wei C, Qiu J, Wu Y, Chen Z, Yu Z, Huang Z, Yang K, Hu H, Liu F. Promising traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cholestatic liver disease process (cholestasis, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115550. [PMID: 35863612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is mainly characterized by cholestasis. If not treated, it will deteriorate to cholestatic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and even liver failure. CLD has a high clinical incidence, and limited treatment with single therapy. In the long-term clinical exploration, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been corroborated with unique therapeutic effects on the CLD process. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This paper summarizes the effective single and compound TCMs for the treatment of CLD. According to 4 important clinical stages of CLD: cholestasis, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, pharmacological effects and mechanisms of 5 typical TCM examples are reviewed, aims to provide basis for clinical drug selection in different processes of CLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant scientific articles regarding therapeutic effects of TCM for the CLD were collected from different databases. We collated three single herbs including Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. or Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Yin Chen in Chinese), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or Paeonia veitchii Lynch. (Paeoniae radix rubra, Chi Shao in Chinese), Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Poria, Fu Ling in Chinese), and two compound herbs of Huang Qi Decoction (HQD) and Yin Chen Hao Decoction (YCHD) to studied and analyzed. RESULTS We proposed five promising TCMs treatments for the important developmental stages of CLD. Among them, Yin Chen is an essential medicine for protecting liver and gallbladder, and its TCM prescription is also a promising strategy for cholestasis. Based on clinical evidence, high-dose application of Chi Shao is a clinical special treatment of cholestasis hepatitis. Fu Ling can regulate immune cells and increase antibody levels in serum, which is expected to be an emerging therapy to prevent cholestatic liver fibrosis to cirrhosis. HQD can be used as routine clinical medicine for liver fibrosis. In addition, YCHD can exert better comprehensive advantages with multiple components, can treat the whole course of CLD and prevent it from developing to the end-stage. CONCLUSION Yin Chen, Chi Shao, Fu Ling, HQD and YCHD have shown good clinical efficacy in controlling the development of CLD. Clinically, it is easier to curb the development of CLD by adopting graded diagnosis and treatment measures. We suggest that CLD should be risk stratified in clinical treatment to ensure personalized treatment for patients, so as to slow down the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yuyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zecheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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L-carnitine ameliorates bile duct ligation induced liver fibrosis via reducing the nitrosative stress in experimental animals: preclinical evidences. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08488. [PMID: 34901512 PMCID: PMC8642613 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile duct ligation (BDL) has been extensively used in studying the mechanisms of fibrogenesis and anti-fibrotic drugs. Considering the liver regenerative capacity and the diverse results from BDL, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of L-carnitine on bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in experimental rats. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 6). The bile duct was ligated and serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin and albumin, hepatic hydroxyproline (HP), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and cytokines were measured. iNOS expression was measured by using Western blot and finally, liver tissue was processed for histopathological analysis (H&E staining)". The level of iNOS was increased in the control group, whereas a decrease in the level of iNOS was found in the L-carnitine treated group. In the present study, we found that bile duct ligation in rats showed an increase in body and liver weight, while treatment with carnitine showed normal body and liver weight. Serum AST, ALT, total bilirubin, HP, GSH, MDA, and cytokines were increased in bile duct ligated rats. In addition, L-carnitine treated rats showed a reduction in oxidative stress as well as inhibiting the release of cytokines in a dose-dependent manner and showed protection against bile duct ligation. The study concludes that L-carnitine has a protective effect against the liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation.
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The Pharmacological Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Active Compounds of Artemisia capillaris. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101412. [PMID: 34680529 PMCID: PMC8533588 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (A.capillaris, Yin-Chen in Chinese) is a traditional medicinal herb with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties ranging from effects against liver dysfunction to treatments of severe cirrhosis and cancer. We used relevant keywords to search electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, for scientific contributions related to this medicinal herb and the pharmacokinetics of its components. The pharmaceutical effects of A.capillaris contribute to the treatment not only of viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular hepatoma, but also metabolic syndrome, psoriasis, and enterovirus in the clinic. The bioactive compounds, including scoparone, capillarisin, scopoletin, and chlorogenic acid, exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antisteatotic, antiviral, and antitumor properties, reflecting the pharmacological effects of A.capillaris. The pharmacokinetics of the main bioactive compounds in A. capillaris can achieve a maximum concentration within 1 hour, but only chlorogenic acid has a relatively long half-life. Regarding the use of the A. capillaris herb by health professionals to treat various diseases, the dosing schedule of this herb should be carefully considered to maximize therapeutic outcomes while lessening possible side effects.
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Chen YS, Wen CK, Liu GH, Lee TY. Electroacupuncture attenuates vascular hyporeactivity in a rat model of portal hypertension induced by bile duct ligation. Acupunct Med 2021; 40:68-77. [PMID: 34553631 DOI: 10.1177/09645284211039230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hyperdynamic circulation and impaired vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictors are observed in portal hypertension (PHT) rats. Inflammation is a major contributor to the hyperdynamic circulation state in murine models of PHT. Electroacupuncture (EA) may ameliorate the inflammatory response and limit arterial vasodilatation and portal pressure. This study investigated the possible mechanisms underlying putative hemodynamics effects of EA in normal and PHT rats. METHODS PHT was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery over 4 weeks in rats. Sham-operated and BDL rats were treated with low-frequency EA (2 Hz) at ST36 10 min three times weekly for one or two consecutive weeks (for a total of 3 or 7 treatments, respectively). Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) were analyzed, and hemodynamic variation and contractile responses to phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and phenylephrine in aortic and superior mesenteric arterial rings were recorded. Inducible (i) and endothelial (3) nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) levels were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS EA significantly reduced portal pressure and serum TNF-α, NOx and 6-keto-PGF1α levels compared to the untreated BDL group, enhanced maximum contractile responses in the aorta, up-regulated PKC-α, and down-regulated iNOS and COX-1 levels. In addition, EA decreased the aortic angiogenesis signaling cascade, reflected by down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) abundance and transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFβR)I/II expression, as assessed by immunostaining. CONCLUSION EA attenuates TNF-α, NO and 6-keto-PGF1α overproduction, modulates the vascular levels of constitutive NOS and PKC-α, blunts the development of the angiogenesis cascade, and enhances vascular contractile force in PHT rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Taiwan Huangdi-Neijing Medical Practice Association (THMPA), Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-Kai Wen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Geng-Hao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Taiwan Huangdi-Neijing Medical Practice Association (THMPA), Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Yan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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11
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Sayed EA, Badr G, Hassan KAH, Waly H, Ozdemir B, Mahmoud MH, Alamery S. Induction of liver fibrosis by CCl4 mediates pathological alterations in the spleen and lymph nodes: The potential therapeutic role of propolis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1272-1282. [PMID: 33613057 PMCID: PMC7878719 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In an animal models, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a carcinogenic agent that causes liver fibrosis. The current study aims to investigate whether induction in liver-fibrosis by CCl4 in the mouse model could promote the initiation of fibrosis in lymph node and spleen due to sustained increase of inflammatory signals and also aimed to clarify the protective therapeutic effects of propolis. The male mice (BALB/c) were categorized into three experimental sets and each group involved 15 mice. Control group falls into first group; group-II and group-III were injected with CCl4 to induce liver-fibrosis and oral supplementation with propolis was provided in group-III for 4-weeks. A major improvement with hepatic collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) production was aligned with the activation of liver fibrosis from CCl4. Mice treated with CCl4 exhibited collagen deposition towards liver sections, pathological alterations in spleen and lymph node architectures, and a significantly increase the circulation of both T&B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Mechanically, the secondary lymphoid organs treated with CCl4 in mice exposed a positive growth in α-SMA and collagen expression, increased in proinflammatory cytokine levels and a significant increase in TGF-β, NO and ROS levels. A manifest intensification in the expression of Nrf2, COX-2, and eNOS and upregulation of ASK1 and P38 phosphorylation. Interestingly, addition of propolis-treated CCl4 mice, substantially suppressed deposition of liver collagen, repealed inflammatory signals and resorted CCl4-mediated alterations in signaling cascades, thereby repairing the architectures of the secondary lymphoid organs. Our findings revealed benefits of propolis against fibrotic complications and enhancing secondary lymphoid organ architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan Waly
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Betul Ozdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Beyoğlu D, Idle JR. Metabolomic insights into the mode of action of natural products in the treatment of liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Shi K, Wen J, Zeng J, Guo Y, Hu J, Li C, Zhao Y, Ma X. Preclinical evidence of Yinchenhao decoction on cholestasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Phytother Res 2020; 35:138-154. [PMID: 32975338 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is an important cause of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Yinchenhao decoction has been used as a well-known traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of cholestasis for over 2,000 years. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the preclinical evidence of Yinchenhao decoction on cholestasis models. The following databases were searched from inception to February 2020. Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP medicine information system, Wanfang Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. The content concerned Yinchenhao decoction on different animal model experiments for the treatment of cholestasis. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed based on the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation Animal Experiment Bias Risk Assessment Tool. A meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3 software according to the Cochrane tool. Nineteen studies on a total of 404 animals were included with five kinds of experimental animal models. The results showed that serum total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin and total bile acid in the group treated with Yinchenhao decoction were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.00001). The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels in the Yinchenhao decoction group were also significantly reduced (P < 0.00001). The subgroup analysis of the different models showed that Yinchenhao decoction had a significant effect on the bile duct ligation model, and there was a significant reduction in TBIL, DBIL and ALT levels (P < 0.00001) in ANIT-induced cholestasis. After 24 hours of Yinchenhao decoction treatment, there was no significant difference in TBIL levels (P = 0.34), but after 48 and 72 hours of treatment, the TBIL levels were significantly reduced compared with the model group (P < 0.00001). There was no significant difference in DBIL after 48 hours of administration (P = 0.26), but compared with the model group, Yinchenhao decoction could significantly reduce the DBIL levels after 48 hours of treatment (P < 0.0003). Yinchenhao decoction could significantly reduce the ALT levels after 24, 48 and 72 hours (P < 0.006). Yinchenhao decoction was able to significantly reduce the levels of TBIL, DBIL and ALT on different rat species: Wistar and Sprague Dawley (P = 0.0001; P = 0.0002). The preclinical evidence indicated that Yinchenhao decoction might be a potent and promising agent for cholestasis. Moreover, this conclusion should be further confirmed with more well-designed researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Provincial and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoguang Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jike Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Provincial and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Hsueh TP, Tsai TH. Preclinical study of simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions between Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang and spironolactone. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:253. [PMID: 32799863 PMCID: PMC7429772 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and therapeutic effects of the use of herbal remedies for chronic liver diseases make the combined administration of herbal products with conventional treatment unable to be ignored. This study investigated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions between the herbal formula Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) and spironolactone. METHODS A selective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the detection of spironolactone and its metabolite canrenone in rat urine. The interaction study was conducted by collecting urine samples after oral administration of spironolactone alone or in combination with YCHT for 5 days. Urine pharmacokinetic parameters and urinary sodium, potassium, volume, and weight were analyzed. RESULTS The results revealed significant increases in the cumulative amount and the area under the rate curve (AURC) of the metabolite canrenone after pretreatment with the high dose of YCHT. The urine weight and volume were significantly reduced dose-dependently as a result of pretreatment with YCHT. The urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, which indicates diuretic effects, was also reduced in the high-dose YCHT condition. CONCLUSIONS Herb-drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between YCHT and spironolactone were observed in the study. The herb-drug interaction that appeared with a single dose of spironolactone should be considered when patients are being treated with a continuous administration of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Pin Hsueh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Linong Street, Sec. 2, Peitou, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Dapi Rd. Niaosong Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Linong Street, Sec. 2, Peitou, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, 2, Lienda, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan.
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15
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Walker KF, Chappell LC, Hague WM, Middleton P, Thornton JG. Pharmacological interventions for treating intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 7:CD000493. [PMID: 32716060 PMCID: PMC7389072 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000493.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder that can develop in pregnancy. It occurs when there is a build-up of bile acids in the maternal blood. It has been linked to adverse maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes. As the pathophysiology is poorly understood, therapies have been largely empiric. As ICP is an uncommon condition (incidence less than 2% a year), many trials have been small. Synthesis, including recent larger trials, will provide more evidence to guide clinical practice. This review is an update of a review first published in 2001 and last updated in 2013. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of pharmacological interventions to treat women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, on maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes. SEARCH METHODS For this update, we searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (13 December 2019), and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials, including cluster-randomised trials and trials published in abstract form only, that compared any drug with placebo or no treatment, or two drug intervention strategies, for women with a clinical diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The review authors independently assessed trials for eligibility and risks of bias. We independently extracted data and checked these for accuracy. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 26 trials involving 2007 women. They were mostly at unclear to high risk of bias. They assessed nine different pharmacological interventions, resulting in 14 different comparisons. We judged two placebo-controlled trials of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in 715 women to be at low risk of bias. The ten different pharmacological interventions were: agents believed to detoxify bile acids (UCDA) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe); agents used to bind bile acids in the intestine (activated charcoal, guar gum, cholestyramine); Chinese herbal medicines (yinchenghao decoction (YCHD), salvia, Yiganling and Danxioling pill (DXLP)), and agents aimed to reduce bile acid production (dexamethasone) Compared with placebo, UDCA probably results in a small improvement in pruritus score measured on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) (mean difference (MD) -7.64 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) -9.69 to -5.60 points; 2 trials, 715 women; GRADE moderate certainty), where a score of zero indicates no itch and a score of 100 indicates severe itching. The evidence for fetal distress and stillbirth were uncertain, due to serious limitations in study design and imprecision (risk ratio (RR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.40; 6 trials, 944 women; RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.37; 6 trials, 955 women; GRADE very low certainty). We found very few differences for the other comparisons included in this review. There is insufficient evidence to indicate if SAMe, guar gum, activated charcoal, dexamethasone, cholestyramine, Salvia, Yinchenghao decoction, Danxioling and Yiganling, or Yiganling alone or in combination are effective in treating women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS When compared with placebo, UDCA administered to women with ICP probably shows a reduction in pruritus. However the size of the effect is small and for most pregnant women and clinicians, the reduction may fall below the minimum clinically worthwhile effect. The evidence was unclear for other adverse fetal outcomes, due to very low-certainty evidence. There is insufficient evidence to indicate that SAMe, guar gum, activated charcoal, dexamethasone, cholestyramine, YCHD, DXLP, Salvia, Yiganling alone or in combination are effective in treating women with cholestasis of pregnancy. There are no trials of the efficacy of topical emollients. Further high-quality trials of other interventions are needed in order to identify effective treatments for maternal itching and preventing adverse perinatal outcomes. It would also be helpful to identify those women who are mostly likely to respond to UDCA (for example, whether bile acid concentrations affect how women with ICP respond to treatment with UDCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate F Walker
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lucy C Chappell
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - William M Hague
- Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Philippa Middleton
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jim G Thornton
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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16
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Tsai FJ, Yang PY, Chen CJ, Li JP, Li TM, Chiou JS, Cheng CF, Chuang PH, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Ban B, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Decreased overall mortality rate with Chinese herbal medicine usage in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in Taiwan. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:221. [PMID: 32664975 PMCID: PMC7362535 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cirrhosis is one of the main causes of the morbidity and mortality in liver diseases. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has long been used for the clinical treatment of liver diseases. This study was designed to explore the usage frequency and prescription patterns of CHM for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and to evaluate the long-term effects of CHM on overall mortality. Methods Two thousand four hundred sixty-seven patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (ICD-9-CM code: 571.2, 571.5, and 571.6) diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 in Taiwan were identified from the registry for catastrophic illness patients. Of these, 149 CHM users and 298 CHM non-users were matched for age, gender, and Charlson comorbidity index score. The chi-squared test, paired Student’s t-test, Cox proportional hazard model, and Kaplan–Meier method were applied for various comparisons between these groups of patients. Results CHM-treated patients showed a lower overall mortality risk compared with non-treated patients (Multivariable: p < 0.0001; HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.42–0.69). The cumulative incidence of overall mortality was lower in the CHM-treated group (stratified log-rank test, p = 0.0002). The strongest CHM co-prescription pattern- Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) → Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang (LDXGT) had the highest support, followed by Zhi-Zi (ZZ) → Yin-Chen-Wu-Ling-San (YCWLS) and Bai-Hua-She-She-Cao (BHSSC) → Da-Huang (DaH). Conclusion CHM, as adjunct therapy, might decrease the risk of overall mortality in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. CHM co-prescription patterns and network analysis showed that comprehensive herbal medicines have a protective role against liver fibrosis. Further studies are required to enhance the knowledge of safety and efficacy of CHM in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.,Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Shiun Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Heng Chuang
- Division of Hepato-gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo Ban
- Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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17
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Li H. Advances in anti hepatic fibrotic therapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112442. [PMID: 31891799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The process of liver fibrogenesis includes a number of common and etiology-dependent or independent mechanisms and events. Up to now, there are still insufficient approved biological or chemical therapies directly targeting and reversing advanced fibrosis. The key is that once liver fibrosis is triggered, it presents a complex network control model with the activation of HSCs as the core, resulting in poor efficacy of treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in treating hepatic fibrosis because of its syndrome differentiation and treatment and comprehensive pharmacological effects of multi-channel, multi-level and multi-target. However, TCM's advantages were rarely discussed as previous reviews focused on the active ingredients of TCM and single Chinese Medicine. Therefore, this paper focuses on TCM herbal formulae's pharmacological role, target and related mechanisms in the treatment of liver fibrosis. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper will focus on the pharmacological role, target and related mechanisms of TCM herbal formulae in the treatment of liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collect English literatures or Chinese literatures with English Abstract on the treatment of liver fibrosis with TCM herbal formulae from databases including PubMed, Wiley InterScience, Science Direct OnSite/Elsevier, Ovid, Excerpta Medica Database, SpringLink, CNKI and China Biomedical Literature Database. Based on previous literatures, we summarize the TCM herbal formulae with definite anti-hepatic fibrosis effects. RESULTS To some extent, classical or modern TCM herbal formulae including Yinchenhao Decoction (YCHD), Xiayuxue Decoction (XYXD), Xiaochaihutang (XCHT), Yiguanjian Decoction (YGJ), Huangqi Decoction (HQD), Dahuang Zhechong Pills (DHZC), Fuzheng Huayu Formula (FZHY), Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablets (FFBJRG), Anluo Huaxian Pills (ALHX) and Compound 861 (Cpd861) have anti-hepatic fibrosis effect both on patients with liver fibrosis and animal models with liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION According to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, Liver fibrosis patients with different syndromes are treated with different herbal formula, which increases the difficulty of clinical efficacy research. YCHD and XYXD research lack randomized and controlled clinical trials. XCHT, YGJ and HQD research has small sample sizes despite randomized and controlled clinical trials. In contrast, most modern herbal formulae have randomized and controlled clinical trials. For instance, FZHY and ALHX recently published the research results of the combination of entecavir in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Compared to anti-viral treatment with entecavir alone, this method has improved the reversion rate of liver fibrosis but still needs syndrome classification therapy of TCM. TCM Herbal formulae have a good prospect in treating liver fibrosis, but its composition of multiple drugs and a wide range of targets intensify the difficulty of studying their anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanisms. Future research needs to further study the anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanisms and select corresponding TCM herbal formula to treat patients with different syndromes of liver fibrosis or the same patient with different syndromes at different stages to achieve better curative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, PR China.
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18
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Shehzad A, Rehmat S, Ul-Islam S, Ahmad R, Aljafary M, Alrushaid NA, Al-Suhaimi EA. Lirioresinol B dimethyl ether inhibits NF-κB and COX-2 and activates IκBα expression in CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:49. [PMID: 32046692 PMCID: PMC7076869 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is one of the key components in the initiation and progression of hepatic diseases. If not treated, inflammation may cause cell dysplasia, and ultimately cancer. In the current study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of plant isolated compound Lirioresinol B Dimethyl Ether (LBDE) extracted from the seeds of Magnolia fargesii CHENG (Magnoliaceae) against HepG2 cells as well as in BALB/C male mice. Methods We assessed the antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects of plant compounds using DPPH assay and HepG2 cell lines. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) were used to induce liver cell dysplasia followed by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in BALB/C male mice for 12 weeks. We investigated the underlying mechanism by using histopathology and immunoblot experiments. Results Intraperitoneal injection of LBDE (50 mg/kg body weight/day) inhibited CCl4-induced HCC. Free radical scavenging assay shows the strong anti-oxidant activity of LBDE. Western blot results show that LBDE down-regulated nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) by preventing the phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha (IκBα) in CCl4 treated group. LBDE also improved liver function by decreasing Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Histopathology results revealed that LBDE decreased granulomas and express normal morphology of hepatocytes. Conclusions These preliminary results show that LBDE has the potential to inhibit CCl4-induced liver cell dysplasia and prevents cancer development by regulating NFκB/COX-2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shagufta Rehmat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Ul-Islam
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meneerah Aljafary
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor A Alrushaid
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam A Al-Suhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. .,Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Cai FF, Bian YQ, Wu R, Sun Y, Chen XL, Yang MD, Zhang QR, Hu Y, Sun MY, Su SB. Yinchenhao decoction suppresses rat liver fibrosis involved in an apoptosis regulation mechanism based on network pharmacology and transcriptomic analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108863. [PMID: 30991286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Yinchenhao decoction (YCHD) is a classical Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula that has been widely used in the treatment of liver fibrosis caused by chronic hepatitis B and jaundice for more than 1800 years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the apoptosis regulation mechanisms of YCHD and its active components suppresses liver fibrosis. The active components and putative targets of YCHD were predicted by network pharmacology approach. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis were presented in the present study by using clusterProfiler. Further, experimental validation was done by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay and western blotting in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis rats, and cell proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, and western blotting in human hepatic L02 cells and LX2 cells. 45 active compounds in YCHD formula, 592 potential target proteins and 1191 liver fibrosis-related human genes were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that YCHD obviously influenced TNF, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Further, In vivo experiment indicated that YCHD treatment not only attenuated the symptoms of liver fibrosis, but also decrease the apoptosis of hepatic parenchyma cells. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that rhein, kaempferol and quercetin treatments remarkably decreased the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and increased p-ERK1/2, PI3K and Bcl-XL protein expression in TNF-α-stimulated L02 cells. On the contrary, rhein, kaempferol, aloe-emodin and quercetin inhibited the proliferation of LX2 cells and up-regulated the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-8. In conclusion, 45 active components and 296 potential targets of YCHD against liver fibrosis were identified by the analysis of network pharmacology and transcriptomics combination. The mechanisms of YCHD against liver fibrosis were involved in the regulation of multiple targets, especially affecting the apoptosis-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Cai
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan-Qin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200052, China.
| | - Rong Wu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiao-Le Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Meng-Die Yang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Qian-Ru Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Ming-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Saravanakumar A, Periyasamy P, Jang HT. In vitro assessment of three different artemisia species for their antioxidant and anti-fibrotic activity. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hsueh TP, Tsai TH. Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of Scoparone, Geniposide and Rhein in an Herbal Medicine Using a Validated LC-MS/MS Method. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102716. [PMID: 30360359 PMCID: PMC6222633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The herbal formula Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang has been reported to have anti-fibrosis properties. The aim of this study was to reveal the pharmacokinetic characteristics of bioactive compounds in this herbal formula. A new high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of scoparone, geniposide and rhein in rat plasma. A pharmaceutical herbal powder was administered to rats at doses of 1 g/kg and 3 g/kg orally. The method showed excellent linearity (r2 > 0.999) and validation was successfully conducted for the pharmacokinetic study. The results show that the Cmax values and areas under the curve of scoparone, geniposide and rhein were higher and not proportional to the dose in rat plasma, while the Tmax and half-life values were consistent in the group that received 1 g/kg. The clearance of the higher dose (3 g/kg) did not decrease proportionally to that of the low dose. The results showed the nonlinear pharmacokinetic properties of scoparone, geniposide and rhein in Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang that suggested possible accumulation of bioactive compounds through oral administration. This pharmacokinetic study reveals that an increased dose of this herbal formula would largely increase the maximum concentration and bioavailability of scoparone, geniposide and rhein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Pin Hsueh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan.
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Potential mechanism of cholagogic effect about Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis (Zhizi)-mediated increase of bile acids urinary excretion in normal rats. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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The aqueous extract from Artemisia capillaris inhibits acute gastric mucosal injury by inhibition of ROS and NF-kB. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:681-687. [PMID: 29710465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia capillaris, also called "InJin" in Korean, has been used as traditional oriental medicine in Korea because of its various pharmacological activities. These include hepatoprotective, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. The present study was designed to validate the beneficial effects of the aqueous extract of A. capillaris (AEAC) against acute gastric mucosal injury and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The pharmacological efficacy of AEAC was evaluated using the gastric ulcer index and histological examination. AEAC decreased gastric mucosal lesions mediated by HCl/ethanol in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the mucosal damage was almost prevented by pretreatment with 200 or 400?mg/kg AEAC. However, AEAC did not have acid-neutralizing activity in vitro and did not prevent histamine secretion in HMC-1 mast cells. In the gastric mucosa, AEAC also significantly inhibited lipid peroxide formation through superoxide dismutase (SOD) activation. Moreover, AEAC strongly reduced the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1? (IL-1?), through nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) downregulation. Taken together, our findings suggest that AEAC inhibits inflammation and maintains oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis, resulting in a gastro-protective effect against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric damage. Therefore, AEAC might be a promising drug or useful neutraceutical for treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer.
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Wu D, Chen X, Hu S, Bai X. Study on major antitumor components in Yinchenhao decoction in vitro and in vivo based on hollow fiber cell fishing coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:118-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Han XY, Hu JN, Wang Z, Wei SN, Zheng SW, Wang YP, Li W. 5-HMF Attenuates Liver Fibrosis in CCl 4-Plus-Alcohol-Induced Mice by Suppression of Oxidative Stress. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 63:35-43. [PMID: 28367924 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and alcohol. Male ICR mice were treated with CCl4 dissolved in olive oil (10% v/v, 2.5 μg/L) intraperitoneally (i.p.), and given at a dose of 2.5×10-5 mg/kg B.W. twice a week for 7 wk. Concurrently, mice received drinking water with or without alcohol. The mice in treatment groups and positive control group were gavaged with 5-HMF (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg B.W.) or Huganpian (350 mg/kg B.W.) daily starting in the fourth week and lasting for 4 wk. The blood samples were analyzed for biochemical markers of hepatic injury and tissue samples were subjected for estimation of liver antioxidants and histopathological studies. The concentrations of HA (hyaluronic acid), LN (laminin), CIV (collagen type IV), and MDA (malondialdehyde), as well as the serum levels of ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) were markedly reduced by 5-HMF. On the other hand, enzymatic antioxidants SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase) and GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) were markedly elevated in liver tissue treated with 5-HMF. Histopathological examination revealed that 5-HMF treatment noticeably prevented hepatocyte apoptosis, fatty degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 and alcohol. Hoechst 33258 staining also revealed hepatocyte apoptosis. 5-HMF could exert protective effects against liver injury and reduce liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 and alcohol in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Han
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University
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Yun JW, Kim SH, Kim YS, You JR, Cho EY, Yoon JH, Kwon E, Ahn JH, Jang JJ, Che JH, Kang BC. A comprehensive study on in vitro and in vivo toxicological evaluation of Artemisia capillaris. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 88:87-95. [PMID: 28487065 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia capillaris (AC) has been used as an alternative therapy in obesity, atopic dermatitis, and liver diseases through several biological activity including anti-steatotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Despite its ethnomedicinal benefits, no sufficient background information is available about the long-term safety and genotoxicity of the AC extract. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the 13-week subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity of the AC extract according to the test guidelines published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In the 13-week toxicity study using doses of 25, 74, 222, 667, and 2000 mg/kg body weight, oral administration of the AC extract in male and female rats did not result in any significant adverse effects in food/water consumption, body weight, mortality, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight and histopathology. Accordingly, the no-observed-adverse-effect level in rats of both genders was established for the AC extract at 2000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose level tested. In addition, the AC extract was not genotoxic in a battery of tests including Ames test, in vitro chromosome aberration assay and in vivo micronucleus assay. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the AC extract is considered as a safe traditional medicine for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Soon Kim
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ran You
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Cho
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Yoon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna Kwon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hun Ahn
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-June Jang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Sokar SS, El-Sayad MES, Ghoneim MES, Shebl AM. Combination of Sitagliptin and Silymarin ameliorates liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Chinese Medicine Herbs Decoction on Liver Cirrhosis in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6125829. [PMID: 28280515 PMCID: PMC5322457 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6125829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoprotective and curative activities of aqueous extract of decoction containing 10 Chinese medicinal herbs (HPE-XA-08) were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley albino rats with liver damage induced by thioacetamide (TAA). These activities were assessed by investigating the liver enzymes level and also histopathology investigation. Increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were observed in rats with cirrhotic liver. No significant alterations of the liver enzymes were observed following treatment with HPE-XA-08. Histopathology examination of rats treated with HPE-XA-08 at 250 mg/kg body weight, however, exhibited moderate liver protective effects. Reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins within the hepatocytes were noted in comparison to the cirrhotic liver. The curative effects of HPE-XA-08 were observed with marked decrease in the level of ALP (more than 3x) and level of GGT (more than 2x) in cirrhotic rat treated with 600 mg/kg body weight HPE-XA-08 in comparison to cirrhotic rat treated with just water diluent. Reversion of cirrhotic liver to normal liver condition in rats treated with HPE-XA-08 was observed. Results from the present study suggest that HPE-XA-08 treatment assisted in the protection from liver cirrhosis and improved the recovery of cirrhotic liver.
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Tang X, Yang Q, Yang F, Gong J, Han H, Yang L, Wang Z. Target profiling analyses of bile acids in the evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of gentiopicroside on ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:63-71. [PMID: 27582267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gentiopicroside (GPS), one of iridoid glucoside representatives, is the most potential active component in Gentiana rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl and Gentiana macrophylla Pall. These two herbs have been used to treat jaundice and other hepatic and billiary diseases in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of GPS on α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were treated with GPS (130mg/kg, ig) for 5 consecutive days. On the third day, mice were given a single dose of Alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (75mg/kg, ig). Serum biochemical markers and individual bile acids in serum, liver, urine and feces were measured at different time points after ANIT administration. The expression of hepatic bile acid synthesis, uptake and transporter genes as well as ileum bile acid transporter genes were assayed. RESULTS In this study, ANIT exposure resulted in serious cholestasis with liver injury, which was demonstrated by dramatically increased serum levels of ALT, ALP, TBA and TBIL along with TCA CA, MCAs and TMCAs accumulation in both liver and serum. Furthermore, ANIT significantly decreased bile acid synthesis related gene expressions, and increased expression of bile acid transporters in liver. Continuous treatment with GPS attenuated ANIT-induced acute cholestasis as well as liver injury and correct the dyshomeostasis of bile acids induced by ANIT. Our data showed that GPS significantly upregulated the hepatic mRNA levels of synthesis enzymes (Cyp8b1 and Cyp27a1) and transporters (Mrp4 Mdr1 and Ost-β) as well as ileal bile acid circulation mediators (Asbt and Fgf15), accompanied by serum and hepatic bile acid levels decrease and further urinary and fecal bile acid levels increase. CONCLUSION GPS can change bile acids metabolism which highlights its importance in mitigating cholestasis, resulting in the marked decrease of intracellular bile acid pool back toward basal levels. And the protective mechanism was associated with regulation of bile acids-related transporters, but the potential mechanism warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Tang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Qiaoling Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Junting Gong
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Han Han
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Using Light Microscopy and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Qualitative and Quantitative Control of a Combined Three-Herb Formulation in Different Preparations. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121673. [PMID: 27929444 PMCID: PMC6274395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia capillaries Thunb, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, and Rheum officinale Baill have been combined to treat jaundice for thousands of years. Studies have revealed that these herbs induce anti-hepatic fibrosis and anti-hepatic apoptosis and alleviate hepatic oxidative stress. This study aims to determine the quality and quantity of an herbal formulation (Chinese name: Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang) using physical and chemical examinations. Physical examination of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang in pharmaceutical herbal products, raw fiber powders, and decoction preparations was performed using Congo red and iodine-potassium staining. A sensitive and validated method employing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed to simultaneously quantify the bioactive compounds scoparone, geniposide, and rhein in the Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang formulation in different preparations. Physical examination indicated that cellulose fibers with irregular round shapes were present in the pharmaceutical herbal products. The developed UHPLC-MS/MS method showed good linearity and was well validated. The quantification results revealed that the decoction preparations had the highest amounts of geniposide and rhein. Scoparone appeared in pharmaceutical herbal products from two manufacturers. This experiment provides a qualitative and quantitative method using physical and chemical examinations to test different preparations of herbal products. The results provide a reference for clinical herbal product preparations and further pharmacokinetic research.
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Xiang H, Wang G, Qu J, Xia S, Tao X, Qi B, Zhang Q, Shang D. Yin-Chen-Hao Tang Attenuates Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Rat: An Experimental Verification of In silico Network Target Prediction. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:378. [PMID: 27790147 PMCID: PMC5061810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Yin-Chen-Hao Tang (YCHT) is a classical Chinese medicine compound that has a long history of clinical use in China for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of YCHT for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) are not known. The current study investigated the pharmacological properties of YCHT against SAP and its underlying mechanisms. A computational prediction of potential targets of YCHT was initially established based on a network pharmacology simulation. The model suggested that YCHT attenuated SAP progress by apoptosis inducement, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and blood lipid regulation. These effects were validated in SAP rats. YCHT administration produced the following results: (1) significantly inhibited the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and protected pancreatic tissue; (2) obviously increased the number of in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and induced apoptosis; (3) markedly inhibited neutrophil infiltration to the impaired pancreas and reduced the inflammatory reaction; (4) notably enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the nitric oxide synthase levels; (5) significantly reduced the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein; and (6) significantly up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and down-regulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In summary, these results demonstrated that YCHT attenuated SAP progress by inducing apoptosis, repressing inflammation, alleviating oxidative stress and regulating lipid metabolism partially via regulation of the NF-κB/PPARγ signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Qingkai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
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Hu X, Zhang X, Jin G, Shi Z, Sun W, Chen F. Geniposide reduces development of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy via regulating nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 31:54-63. [PMID: 27521287 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Renal pathology was a commonly seen complication in patients with diabetes. Geniposide (GPO) was previously demonstrated to modulate glucose metabolism in diabetes. This study was to investigate effects of GPO in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and its underlying mechanism. Renal function in diabetic rats was evaluated by levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urinary albumin. Renal inflammation was appraised by inflammatory cells infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Renal monocytes, T lymphocytes infiltration, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression were quantitated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, renal nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was assayed by Western blotting. Diabetic rats showed renal dysfunction as evidenced by increased levels of Scr, BUN, urinary albumin, and elevator renal index. Histological examination revealed significant glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening. However, GPO notably improved renal function and diabetes-induced GBM changes. Additionally, diabetic rats showed noteworthy renal inflammation,as reflected by enhancement of monocytes and T lymphocytes infiltration, increased expression of ICAM-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6. Interestingly, the level of monocytes infiltration positively correlated with the severity of GBM. Further study indicated diabetic rats displayed increased activation of NF-κB, indicated by increased expression of NF-κB p65, IKKα, and p-IκBα in renal tissue. However, all the changes in renal inflammation and NF-κB pathway were obviously reversed in GPO-treated diabetic rats. Our works indicate GPO ameliorates structural and functional abnormalities of kidney in diabetic rats, which is associated with its suppression of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Guoxi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaoming Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Weihua Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Fengling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
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A Survey of Therapeutic Effects of Artemisia capillaris in Liver Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:728137. [PMID: 26366183 PMCID: PMC4558445 DOI: 10.1155/2015/728137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia capillaris has been recognized as an herb with therapeutic efficacy in liver diseases and widely used as an alternative therapy in Asia. Numerous studies have reported the antisteatotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, antiviral, antifibrotic, and antitumor activities of A. capillaris. These reports support its therapeutic potential in various liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, several properties of its various constituents, which provide clues to the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic effects, have been studied. This review describes the scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of A. capillaris and its constituents in various liver diseases.
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Zhong L, Sun YL, Shi WL, Ma X, Chen Z, Wang JB, Li RS, Song XA, Liu HH, Zhao YL, Xiao XH. Protective effect of fu-qi granule on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. World J Pharmacol 2015; 4:227-235. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v4.i2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the efficacy of fu-qi granule (FQG) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis in rats and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS: Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group, CCl4 induced liver fibrosis group, AnluoHuaxianWan group and three treatment groups of FQG. Treatment of rats with intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride solution at 0.3 mL per 100 g body weigh twice a week for 8 wk. The normal control group the rats were given the media (olive oil) at the same time. In the first 2 wk, rats were raised with feedstuff (80% corn meal, 20% lard, 0.5% cholesterol). Serum samples were collected for alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, total protein assay and typical histopathological changes was observed in Hematoxylin-eosin staining sections. Smooth muscle alpha actin (α-SMA) was analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) expressions were detected by Western blotting. Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) were measured with semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: FQG significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and increased the serum contents of albumin, total protein in rats with liver fibrosis. Moreover, FQG promoted extracellular matrix degradation by increasing MMP-9 and inhibiting TIMP-1 and α-SMA. mTOR and HIF-1α expression in liver significantly decreased in the rats treated with FQG.
CONCLUSION: The results indicated that FQG significantly reverse fibrosis induced by CCl4, which should be developed as a new and promising preparation for the prevention of liver fibrosis.
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Yang Q, Yang F, Tang X, Ding L, Xu Y, Xiong Y, Wang Z, Yang L. Chlorpromazine-induced perturbations of bile acids and free fatty acids in cholestatic liver injury prevented by the Chinese herbal compound Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:122. [PMID: 25887351 PMCID: PMC4410582 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT), a commonly used as a traditional chinese medicine for liver disease. Several studies indicated that YCHT may improving hepatic triglyceride metabolism and anti-apoptotic response as well as decreasing oxidative stress .However, little is known about the role of YCHT in chlorpromazine (CPZ) -induced chlolestatic liver injury. Therefore, we aimed to facilitate the understanding of the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury and evaluate the effect of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) on chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced cholestatic liver injury in rats based on the change of bile acids (BAs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) alone with the biochemical indicators and histological examination. METHODS We conducted an experiment on CPZ-induced cholestatic liver injury in Wistar rats with and without YCHT for nine consecutive days. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TBIL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured to evaluate the protective effect of YCHT against chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced cholestatic liver injury. Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that pathological injuries were relieved after YCHT pretreatment. In addition, ultra-performance lipid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to determine the content of bile acids, free fatty acids, respectively. RESULTS Obtained data showed that YCHT attenuated the effect of CPZ-induced cholestatic liver injury, which was manifested by the serum biochemical parameters and histopathology of the liver tissue. YCHT regulated the lipid levels as indicated by the reversed serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C. YCHT also regulated the disorder of BA and FFA metabolism by CPZ induction. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that YCHT exerted a protective effect on CPZ-induced cholestasis liver injury. The variance of BA and FFA concentrations can be used to evaluate the cholestatic liver injury caused by CPZ and the hepatoprotective effect of YCHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lili Ding
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinhua Xiong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201210, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Wang B, Sun MY, Long AH, Cao HY, Ren S, Bian YQ, Lu X, Gu HT, Liu CH, Liu P. Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang alleviates biliary obstructive cirrhosis in rats by inhibiting biliary epithelial cell proliferation and activation. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:417-25. [PMID: 25829784 PMCID: PMC4378143 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) consists of three aqueous extracts from Artemisia capillaris, Gardenia sp., and prepared Rheum rhabarbarum (rhubarb) (3:2:1). YCHT is characterized by its anti-inflammatory properties in liver regulation and relief of jaundice. We aimed to study the effects and mechanisms of action of YCHT on biliary obstructive cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: Secondary biliary fibrosis was induced in rats by bile duct ligation (BDL) and scission. One week after BDL, rats were randomly divided into a saline-treated BDL or YCHT-treated BDL group for 4 weeks. Liver function and hepatic hydroxyproline (Hyp) content were assessed. Types I and IV collagen (Col-IV), laminin, fibronectin, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression were assessed with immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: In the YCHT-treated BDL group, serum total bilirubin, total bile acids, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transferase were lower than those in the sham-operated BDL group. The proliferation of bile ducts in hepatic tissues and the Hyp content and Col deposition were also significantly lower than those in control rats. In addition, α-SMA and Col-IV staining was less obvious, and mRNA expression of Procol-α1 (IV), platelet derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF)-B, connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta in proliferative biliary epithelial cells (BECs) in the YCHT-treated BDL group was significantly lower than those in controls. Conclusions: YCHT effectively reduces the formation of biliary obstructive cirrhosis mainly via inhibition of BEC proliferation by down-regulation of PDGF-B mRNA expression, inhibition of BEC profibrogenic paracrines, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ming-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China ; E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ai-Hua Long
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hong-Yan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China ; E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan-Qin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China ; E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hong-Tu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng-Hai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China ; E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China ; E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai 201203, China
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Fahmy SR. Anti-fibrotic effect of Holothuria arenicola extract against bile duct ligation in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:14. [PMID: 25652675 PMCID: PMC4328034 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Holothuria arenicola is the most important and abundant sea cucumber species in the Mediterranean Sea on the Egyptian coast. The present study aims to assess the anti-oxidative and anticholestatic effects of the sea cucumber Holothuria arenicola extract (HaE) in a model of bile duct ligation in male albino rats. METHODS Fifty four male Wistar albino rats were assigned into two main groups, the Sham-operated control and bile duct ligated (BDL) group. After 14 days of surgery, the animals of the group I (Sham control) received distilled water only for 7, 14 and 28 days. Second group (BDL group) was divided into 2 subgroups, animals of these subgroups treated for 7, 14 and 28 consecutive days as follow: subgroup I (BDL), rats of this subgroup administered distilled water orally. Subgroup II (HaE), animals of this subgroup treated orally with HaE (200 mg/kg body weight). RESULTS The HaE revealed significant antifibrotic effect as evident by decreasing the levels of total conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin and the activities of serum aminotransferases (ASAT and ALAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and increasing the serum albumin, glutathione reduced (GSH) levels. Treatment with HaE normalized the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities activities. CONCLUSION The present prospective study correlated the antifibrotic effect of HaE to its direct antioxidant effect that can be related to its contents of phenolic compounds specially chlorogenic acid, pyrogallol, rutin and coumaric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair R Fahmy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
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Zhou J, Li C, Wang L, Ji H, Zhu T. Hepatoprotective effects of a Chinese herbal formulation, Yingchen decoction, on olaquindox-induced hepatopancreas injury in Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:153-163. [PMID: 25477196 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify effective hepatoprotective herbs for clinical application in fish farming, 200 mg/kg olaquindox (OLA) was added to a basal diet (group 1, control) to form OLA diet (group 2), then 1.35, 2.7 and 5.4 % (w/w) of a Chinese herbal formulation, Yingchen decoction (YCD), were added to the OLA diet to form three additional diets for groups 3, 4 and 5, respectively. A total of 375 juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) (52.12 ± 2.95 g/tail) were divided into five groups (triplicates per group) and fed the five diets mentioned above, respectively, for 6 weeks. At the termination of feeding experiment, serum biochemical indexes, viability of hepatocytes and the hepatopancreas microstructure for each group were detected and observed. The results showed that serum ALT and AST in group 2 were significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). Plasma membranes hepatocyte nuclei in group 2 were found to be mostly indistinct, compared to group 1, and gradually recovered with the increasing supplementation of YCD in group 3, 4 and 5. The viability of isolated hepatocytes in group 2 was the lowest and gradually recovered with the increasing supplementation of YCD in group 3, 4 and 5. The results suggest that YCD protected the Jian carp hepatopancreas against injury from OLA, and that 5.4 % YCD would be the optimum dosage in a Jian carp diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishu Zhou
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Lee TY, Chang HH, Wen CK, Huang TH, Chang YS. Modulation of thioacetamide-induced hepatic inflammations, angiogenesis and fibrosis by andrographolide in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:423-430. [PMID: 25446592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver fibrosis is a complex disease in which several pathological processes, such as inflammation and angiogenesis, are closely integrated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We hypothesised that treatment with the pharmacological agent, andrographolide (AP), which has multiple mechanisms of action, will provide a greater understanding of the role of AP during the multiple pathological processes that occur in advanced liver disease. RESULTS Liver fibrogenesis was induced in mice using thioacetamide (TAA), which was administrated for 6 weeks. Andrographolide (5, 20 or 100mg/kg) was then given once daily following TAA injection. Liver collagen was examined using hydroxyproline and α-SMA, while the inflammatory response was quantified by Western blot and RT-PCR assays. Liver angiogenesis, neutrophil infiltration and hypoxia were assessed using CD11b+, vWF and HIF-1α immunostaining. Mice with liver injuries that were treated with andrographolide showed improved inflammatory response and diminished angiogenesis and hepatic fibrosis. Andrographolide treatment inhibited liver neutrophil infiltration, while a decreased in TNF-α and COX-2 signalling indicated macrophage activation. Andrographolide decreased overall liver hypoxia, as shown by the downregulation of hypoxia-inducible cascade genes, such as VEGF. Andrographolide treatment resulted in a significant decrease in hepatic fibrogenesis, α-SMA abundance, and TGF-βR1 expression. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that multi-targeted therapies directed against angiogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis should be considered for the treatment of advanced liver injury. They further suggest that andrographolide treatment may be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Yan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan.
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-Kai Wen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Shu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
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Diethylcarbamazine reduces chronic inflammation and fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride- (CCl₄-) induced liver injury in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:696383. [PMID: 25374445 PMCID: PMC4211150 DOI: 10.1155/2014/696383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of DEC on the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. Chronic inflammation was induced by i.p. administration of CCl4 0.5 μL/g of body weight through two injections a week for 6 weeks. DEC (50 mg/kg) was administered by gavage for 12 days before finishing the CCl4 induction. Histological analyses of the DEC-treated group exhibited reduced inflammatory process and prevented liver necrosis and fibrosis. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses of the DEC-treated group showed reduced COX-2, IL1β, MDA, TGF-β, and αSMA immunopositivity, besides exhibiting decreased IL1β, COX-2, NFκB, IFNγ, and TGFβ expressions in the western blot analysis. The DEC group enhanced significantly the IL-10 expression. The reduction of hepatic injury in the DEC-treated group was confirmed by the COX-2 and iNOS mRNA expression levels. Based on the results of the present study, DEC can be used as a potential anti-inflammatory drug for chronic hepatic inflammation.
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The effects of maekmoondong-tang on cockroach extract-induced allergic asthma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:958965. [PMID: 24723965 PMCID: PMC3958718 DOI: 10.1155/2014/958965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maekmoondong-tang (MMDT) has long been used in Asian countries to treat respiratory diseases. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its effects on asthma are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of MMDT in a cockroach allergen (CKA-)induced animal model of allergic asthma. After being challenged with CKA, the number of macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was evaluated. The Th2 specific cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were also analyzed in BALF along with IgE levels in serum. For histological analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. In addition, airway hyperresponsiveness was assessed by noninvasive plethysmography. The cellular profiles and histopathologic analysis demonstrated that peribronchial and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates were significantly decreased in the MMDT-treated groups compared with the cockroach extract-injected (CKA) groups. In addition, the IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels were significantly decreased in the MMDT group. MMDT treatment also significantly attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness. These results demonstrated that MMDT significantly reduced the hallmark signs of asthma: elevated serum IgE, airway eosinophilia, airway remodeling, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The remarkable antiasthmatic effects of MMDT suggest its therapeutic potential in allergic asthma treatment.
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Jung KH, Haam KK, Park S, Kim Y, Lee SR, Lee G, Kim M, Hong M, Shin M, Jung S, Bae H. The standardized herbal formula, PM014, ameliorated cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in a murine model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:219. [PMID: 24010767 PMCID: PMC3847199 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of PM014 on cigarette smoke induced lung disease in the murine animal model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 2 weeks to induce COPD-like lung inflammation. Two hours prior to cigarette smoke exposure, the treatment group was administered PM014 via an oral injection. To investigate the effects of PM014, we assessed PM014 functions in vivo, including immune cell infiltration, cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and histopathological changes in the lung. The efficacy of PM014 was compared with that of the recently developed anti-COPD drug, roflumilast. RESULTS PM014 substantially inhibited immune cell infiltration (neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes) into the airway. In addition, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 were decreased in the BAL fluid of PM014-treated mice compared to cigarette smoke stimulated mice. These changes were more prominent than roflumilast treated mice. The expression of PAS-positive cells in the bronchial layer was also significantly reduced in both PM014 and roflumilast treated mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that PM014 exerts strong therapeutic effects against CS induced, COPD-like lung inflammation. Therefore, this herbal medicine may represent a novel therapeutic agent for lung inflammation in general, as well as a specific agent for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Keun Haam
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ryel Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunhyeog Lee
- Central Research Institute, Hanlim Pharm. Co. Ltd., 1007 Yoobang Dong, Yongin, Kyounggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Kim
- Central Research Institute, Hanlim Pharm. Co. Ltd., 1007 Yoobang Dong, Yongin, Kyounggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Moochang Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungki Jung
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoekidong, Dongdaemoonku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Anti-obesity effect of Artemisia capillaris extracts in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Molecules 2013; 18:9241-52. [PMID: 23917113 PMCID: PMC6269748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-obesity effects of Artemisia capillaris extracts in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. After six weeks feeding with HFD, Wistar male rats (12-weeks-old) were divided into three groups: HFD-control group and HFD mixed with 0.4% and 0.8% Artemisia capillaris extracts treated groups. After seven weeks of treatments, the body weight gain of the 0.4% and 0.8% A. capillaris extracts treated groups were significantly less than that of the HFD-control group by 11.8% and 15.4%, respectively. Also, A. capillaris extracts treated groups showed significantly lower serum TG, TC and LDL-c levels in a dose-related manner, while causing the reverse effect in serum HDL-c, and exhibited a hepatoprotective effects in vivo, indicated by reduced hepatic lipid contents, and serum ALT and AST levels. These results show that A. capillaris extracts may prevent body weight increases and improve dyslipidemia in HFD-induced obese rats by enhancing their lipid metabolism.
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Gurung V, Stokes M, Middleton P, Milan SJ, Hague W, Thornton JG. Interventions for treating cholestasis in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 2013:CD000493. [PMID: 23794285 PMCID: PMC7043272 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000493.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstetric cholestasis has been linked to adverse maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes. As the pathophysiology is poorly understood, therapies have been empiric. The first version of this review, published in 2001, and including nine randomised controlled trials involving 227 women, concluded that there was insufficient evidence to recommend any of the interventions alone or in combination. This is the first update. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic and delivery interventions in women with cholestasis of pregnancy. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (20 February 2013) and reference lists of identified studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials that compared two intervention strategies for women with a clinical diagnosis of obstetric cholestasis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The review authors independently assessed trials for eligibility and risk of bias. We independently extracted data and checked these for accuracy. MAIN RESULTS We included 21 trials with a total of 1197 women. They were mostly at moderate to high risk of bias. They assessed 11 different interventions resulting in 15 different comparisons.Compared with placebo, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) showed improvement in pruritus in five (228 women) out of seven trials. There were no significant differences in instances of fetal distress in the UDCA groups compared with placebo (average risk ratio (RR) 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22 to 2.02; five trials, 304 women; random-effects analysis: T² = 0.74; I² = 48%). There were significantly fewer total preterm births with UDCA (RR 0.46; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.73; two trials, 179 women). The difference for spontaneous preterm births was not significant (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.41 to 2.36, two trials, 109 women).Two trials (48 women) reported lower (better) pruritus scores for S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) compared with placebo, while two other trials of 34 women reported no significant differences between groups.UDCA was more effective in improving pruritus than either SAMe (four trials; 133 women) or cholestyramine (one trial; 84 women), as was combined UDCA+SAMe when compared with placebo (one trial; 16 women) and SAMe alone (two trials; 68 women). However, combined UDCA+SAMe was no more effective than UDCA alone in regard to pruritus improvement (one trial; 53 women) and two trials (80 women) reported data were insufficient to draw any conclusions from. In one trial comparing UDCA and dexamethasone (83 women), a significant improvement with UDCA was seen only in a subgroup of women with severe obstetric cholestasis (23 women).Danxiaoling significantly improved pruritus in comparison to Yiganling. No significant differences were seen in pruritus improvement with other interventions.Eight trials reported fetal or neonatal deaths, with two deaths reported overall (both in the placebo groups).Women receiving UDCA and cholestyramine experienced nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Guar gum caused mild abdominal distress, diarrhoea and flatulence during the first days of treatment. Women found charcoal suspension unpleasant to swallow. Dexamethasone caused nausea, dizziness and stomach pain in one woman.One trial (62 women) looked at the timing of delivery intervention. There were no stillbirths or neonatal deaths in 'early delivery' or the 'await spontaneous labour' group. There were no significant differences in the rates of caesarean section, meconium passage or admission to neonatal intensive care unit between the two groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Different approaches to assessing and reporting pruritus precluded pooling of trials comparing the effects of UDCA versus placebo on pruritus, but examination of individual trials suggests that UDCA significantly improves pruritus, albeit by a small amount. Fewer instances of fetal distress/asphyxial events were seen in the UDCA groups when compared with placebo but the difference was not statistically significant. Large trials of UDCA to determine fetal benefits or risks are needed.A single trial was too small to rule in or out a clinically important effect of early term delivery on caesarean section.There is insufficient evidence to indicate that SAMe, guar gum, activated charcoal, dexamethasone, cholestyramine, Salvia, Yinchenghao decoction (YCHD), Danxioling and Yiganling, or Yiganling alone or in combination are effective in treating women with cholestasis of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Gurung
- University of NottinghamDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyNottingham City Hospital NHS TrustHucknall RoadNottinghamNottinghamshireUKNG5 1PB
| | - Michael Stokes
- The University of AdelaideDiscipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology1st Floor, Queen Victoria Building, Women's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadNorth AdelaideSAAustralia5006
| | - Philippa Middleton
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | | | - William Hague
- Women's and Children's HospitalKing William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustraliaSA 5006
| | - Jim G Thornton
- University of NottinghamDivision of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of MedicineNottingham City Hospital NHS TrustHucknall RoadNottinghamNottinghamshireUKNG5 1PB
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Sharma S, Mohanty S, Das P, DattaGupta S, Kumar L, Gupta D. Propitious role of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells in an experimental bile duct ligation model: potential clinical implications in obstructive cholangiopathy. Pediatr Surg Int 2013; 29:623-32. [PMID: 23604400 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-013-3314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMC) in rat bile duct ligation (BDL) model. METHODS Wistar rats were categorized into four Groups A-D. Normal liver biopsy was taken from Group A. BDL model was created in Groups B and C (15 each). Normal saline and BMC were injected through portal vein (PV) in Groups B and C, respectively. In Group D (healthy rat), only BMC were infused through PV. Groups B and C were compared for body weight, liver functions, survival, and histopathological changes. RESULTS Serum bilirubin was lower in Group C at day 6 (p = 0.0010). Median survival time was 5 (4, 6) and 13 (9, 17) days in Groups B and C (p = 0.0147), respectively. Portal edema (p = 0.013) and portal inflammation (p = 0.025) were less in Group C vs Group B. On post hoc subgroup analysis of rats surviving 8-26 days, portal inflammation (p = 0.004), bile duct proliferation (p = 0.016) and portal fibrosis (p = 0.038) were less in Group C vs Group B. Hepatocyte regeneration was found in four rats in Group C. CD34-positive cells were prominent in sinusoids and portal tracts in the BDL rat model. CONCLUSIONS BMC have shown to delay fibrosis, facilitate hepatocyte regeneration and improve survival in an experimental BDL model, with potential clinical implication in obstructive cholangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Marques TG, Chaib E, da Fonseca JH, Lourenço ACR, Silva FD, Ribeiro MAF, Galvão FHF, D'Albuquerque LAC. Review of experimental models for inducing hepatic cirrhosis by bile duct ligation and carbon tetrachloride injection. Acta Cir Bras 2013; 27:589-94. [PMID: 22850713 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000800013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a review about a comparative study of bile duct ligation versus carbon tetrachloride Injection for inducing experimental liver cirrhosis. METHODS This research was made through Medline/PubMed and SciELO web sites looking for papers on the content "induction of liver cirrhosis in rats". We have found 107 articles but only 30 were selected from 2004 to 2011. RESULTS The most common methods used for inducing liver cirrhosis in the rat were administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and bile duct ligation (BDL). CCl4 has induced cirrhosis from 36 hours to 18 weeks after injection and BDL from seven days to four weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION For a safer inducing cirrhosis method BDL is better than CCl4 because of the absence of toxicity for researches and shorter time for achieving it.
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Zhu H, Zhang Y, Hu X, Yi C, Zhong S, Wang Y, Yang F. The effects of high-dose qinggan huoxue recipe on acute liver failure induced by d-galactosamine in rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:905715. [PMID: 23554835 PMCID: PMC3608312 DOI: 10.1155/2013/905715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Qinggan Huoxue Recipe is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been usually used to improve liver function in hepatitis. In order to investigate the effects of high-dose Qinggan Huoxue Recipe on acute liver failure and explore the potential mechanism, we had built acute liver failure models in rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN). High-dose Qinggan Huoxue Recipe was delivered by gavage. After treatment, the blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), cholinesterase (CHE), and prothrombin time (PT) were determined. The pathological score of liver tissue was recorded. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry staining and fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B), and Caspase-3 were performed. The survival curve was also depicted. Our results demonstrated that high-dose Qinggan Huoxue Recipe could significantly improve liver function and increase survival rates in rats with acute liver failure. These effects were supposed to be mediated by suppressing inflammatory reaction and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Sen Zhong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
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Han JM, Kim HG, Choi MK, Lee JS, Lee JS, Wang JH, Park HJ, Son SW, Hwang SY, Son CG. Artemisia capillaris extract protects against bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:837-44. [PMID: 23298556 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia capillaris has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases. However, no previous study has investigated whether A. capillaries alone is effective in treating pathological conditions associated with cholestatic liver injury. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of A. capillaris (aqueous extract, WAC) in a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestatic fibrosis model. After BDL, rats were given WAC (25 or 50 mg/kg) or urosodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 25 mg/kg) orally for 2 weeks (once per day). The serum cholestatic markers, malondialdehyde, and liver hydroxyproline levels were drastically increased in the BDL group, while administering WAC significantly reduced these alterations. Administering WAC also restored the BDL-induced depletion of glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity. Cholestatic liver injury and collagen deposition were markedly attenuated by WAC treatment, and these changes were paralleled by the significantly suppressed expression of fibrogenic factors, including hepatic alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). The beneficial effects of WAC administration are associated with antifibrotic properties via both upregulation of antioxidant activities and downregulation of ECM protein production in the rat BDL model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Han
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daeheung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
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50
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Chen YH, Lan T, Li J, Qiu CH, Wu T, Gou HJ, Lu MQ. Gardenia jasminoides attenuates hepatocellular injury and fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats and human hepatic stellate cells. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:7158-65. [PMID: 23326120 PMCID: PMC3544017 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i48.7158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of Gardenia jasminoides in liver fibrosis.
METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent common bile duct ligation (BDL) for 14 d and were treated with Gardenia jasminoides by gavage. The effects of Gardenia jasminoides on liver fibrosis and the detailed molecular mechanisms were also assessed in human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) in vitro.
RESULTS: Treatment with Gardenia jasminoides decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides, 146.6 ± 15 U/L vs 77 ± 6.5 U/L, P = 0.0007) and aspartate aminotransferase (BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides, 188 ± 35.2 U/L vs 128 ± 19 U/L, P = 0.005) as well as hydroxyproline (BDL vs BDL + 100 mg/kg Gardenia jasminoides, 438 ± 40.2 μg/g vs 228 ± 10.3 μg/g liver tissue, P = 0.004) after BDL. Furthermore, Gardenia jasminoides significantly reduced liver mRNA and/or protein expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), collagen type I (Col I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Gardenia jasminoides significantly suppressed the upregulation of TGF-β1, Col I and α-SMA in LX-2 exposed to recombinant TGF-β1. Moreover, Gardenia jasminoides inhibited TGF-β1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation in LX-2 cells.
CONCLUSION: Gardenia jasminoides exerts antifibrotic effects in the liver fibrosis and may represent a novel antifibrotic agent.
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