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Demirel S. Vasorelaxant effects of biochemical constituents of various medicinal plants and their benefits in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1122-1141. [PMID: 38983824 PMCID: PMC11229960 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial function plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular health, and dysfunction in this context diminishes vasorelaxation concomitant with endothelial activity. The nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway, prostacyclin-cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, inhibition of phosphodiesterase, and the opening of potassium channels, coupled with the reduction of calcium levels in the cell, constitute critical mechanisms governing vasorelaxation. Cardiovascular disease stands as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes, with adults afflicted by diabetes exhibiting a heightened cardiovascular risk compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. A plethora of medicinal plants, characterized by potent pharmacological effects and minimal side effects, holds promise in addressing these concerns. In this review, we delineate various medicinal plants and their respective biochemical constituents, showcasing concurrent vasorelaxant and anti-diabetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadettin Demirel
- Medicine School, Physiology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Türkiye
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2
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Ongtanasup T, Prommee N, Jampa O, Limcharoen T, Wanmasae S, Nissapatorn V, Paul AK, Pereira MDL, Wilairatana P, Nasongkla N, Eawsakul K. The Cholesterol-Modulating Effect of the New Herbal Medicinal Recipe from Yellow Vine ( Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.)), Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe.), and Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) on Suppressing PCSK9 Expression to Upregulate LDLR Expression in HepG2 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1835. [PMID: 35890469 PMCID: PMC9318486 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PCSK9 is a promising target for developing novel cholesterol-lowering drugs. We developed a recipe that combined molecular docking, GC-MS/MS, and real-time PCR to identify potential PCSK9 inhibitors for herb ratio determination. Three herbs, Carthamus tinctorius, Coscinium fenestratum, and Zingiber officinale, were used in this study. This work aimed to evaluate cholesterol-lowering through a PCSK9 inhibitory mechanism of these three herbs for defining a suitable ratio. Chemical constituents were identified using GC-MS/MS. The PCSK9 inhibitory potential of the compounds was determined using molecular docking, real-time PCR, and Oil red O staining. It has been shown that most of the active compounds of C. fenestratum and Z. officinale inhibit PCSK9 when extracted with water, and C. fenestratum has been shown to yield tetraacetyl-d-xylonic nitrile (27.92%) and inositol, 1-deoxy-(24.89%). These compounds could inhibit PCSK9 through the binding of 6 and 5 hydrogen bonds, respectively, while the active compound in Z. officinale is 2-Formyl-9-[.beta.-d-ribofuranosyl] hypoxanthine (4.37%) inhibits PCSK9 by forming 8 hydrogen bonds. These results suggest that a recipe comprising three parts C. fenestratum, two parts Z. officinale, and one part C. tinctorius is a suitable herbal ratio for reducing lipid levels in the bloodstream through a PCSK9 inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassanee Ongtanasup
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.O.); (T.L.)
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; or
| | - Nuntika Prommee
- Division of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Onkamon Jampa
- Tak Community College, Nong Bua Tai 63000, Thailand;
| | - Thanchanok Limcharoen
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.O.); (T.L.)
| | - Smith Wanmasae
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; or
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Norased Nasongkla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Komgrit Eawsakul
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.O.); (T.L.)
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; or
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Shastry RP, Welch M, Rai VR, Ghate SD, Sandeep K, Rekha PD. The whole-genome sequence analysis of Enterobacter cloacae strain Ghats1: insights into endophytic lifestyle-associated genomic adaptations. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1571-1579. [PMID: 32166358 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae is normally considered to be an opportunistic human pathogen. Here, we report on the whole-genome sequence of an endophytic E. cloacae, strain "Ghats1", isolated from leaves of the medicinal plant Coscinium fenestratum Gaertn. Functional analysis of the Ghats1 genome revealed an enrichment for genes involved in the uptake and exchange of nutrients, for chemotaxis and for plant colonization. Unexpectedly though, there were no ORFs belonging to the "virulence factors and antibiotic resistance". Moreover, the presence of hydrolytic enzymes and motility functions reveals the characteristics of an endophyte lifestyle of a bacterium that can colonize and adapt to plant environment. These results provide a better understanding of an endophytic lifestyle through plant-microbe interaction, which can be further exploited as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P Shastry
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK. .,Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India.
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - V Ravishankar Rai
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Sudeep D Ghate
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - K Sandeep
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - P D Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
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Quaye O, Cramer P, Ofosuhene M, Okine LKN, Nyarko AK. Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Aqueous Extract of Desmodium adscendens (Sw) DC. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:753-759. [PMID: 29228815 PMCID: PMC5871315 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217736587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of Desmodium adscendens (Sw) DC are used for the treatment of various diseases but limited toxicological evaluations have been done on the medicinal plant. This study investigates toxicity effects of the leave extract of D adscendens, and the possibility of drug-drug interaction of the plant extract when co-administered with other drugs. Oral administrations of leaf extract of D adscendens to white Wistar rats in an acute toxicity studies allowed the estimation of an LD50 (median lethal dose) value of 1122 mg/kg body weight. In a subchronic toxicity studies, the plant extract caused a decrease in zoxazolamine paralysis time and prevented thiopentone from causing sleep in test animals compared to controls. Overall, the results are consistent with the plant extract being safe at the doses administered in humans. However, the induction of the CYP enzymes is an indication of a possible drug interaction when the plant extract is co-administered with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osbourne Quaye
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,2 West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Precious Cramer
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,2 West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mark Ofosuhene
- 3 Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Laud K N Okine
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,2 West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Cytotoxic Effect of Coscinium fenestratum on Human Head and Neck Cancer Cell Line (HN31). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:701939. [PMID: 26074999 PMCID: PMC4449908 DOI: 10.1155/2015/701939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Coscinium fenestratum is widely used as a medicinal plant in many Asian countries. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of a crude water extract of C. fenestratum (CF extract) compared to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on human HN31 cell line, a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx. The results revealed that cell morphology visualized under inverted light microscopy was changed from flat with a polygonal appearance to round appearance after CF extract application. The cell viability assay (MTT test) showed that the concentration producing 50% growth inhibition (IC50) at 48-hour incubation of CF extract on HN31 was 0.12 mg/mL, while the IC50 of 5-FU was 6.6 mg/mL, indicating that CF extract has a higher potency. However, combining various concentrations of 5-FU and CF extract at IC50 did not show synergistic effect. The CF extract dose dependently increased cell apoptosis determined by Annexin-V and propidium iodide staining. It decreased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and pAkt, while it increased the tumor suppressor protein p53. In conclusion, the cytotoxicity of CF extract was associated with the modulation of p38 MAPK, pAkt, and p53 signal molecules, leading to inhibiting cell survival and increasing apoptosis. No synergistic effects of CF extract and 5-FU were observed.
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Rai RV, Rajesh PS, Kim HM. Medicinal use of Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr.: an short review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-012-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zeggwagh NA, Michel JB, Eddouks M. Vascular Effects of Aqueous Extract ofChamaemelum nobile :In VitroPharmacological Studies in Rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012; 35:200-6. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2012.712179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Effet hypotenseur d’un extrait aqueux de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Waterman (Rutaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-010-0587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rojsanga P, Sukhthankar M, Krisanapun C, Gritsanapan W, Lawson DB, Baek SJ. In vitro anti-proliferative activity of alcoholic stem extract of Coscinium fenestratum in human colorectal cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2010; 1:181-186. [PMID: 23136612 DOI: 10.3892/etm_00000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. is traditionally used for the treatment of cancer, arthritis and diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms by which this plant shows beneficial effects. An 80% ethanolic extract of C. fenestratum (80ET) was separated by its polarity into dichloromethane (DCM) and aqueous fractions (WF), and the anti-proliferative effects of 80ET, DCM and WF were investigated. Berberine, one of the major components of C. fenestratum, was used as a control. The 80ET, DCM, WF and berberine showed anti-proliferative activity as assessed by cell growth assay. Subsequently, the pro-apoptotic proteins NAG-1 and ATF3 were increased and the cell cycle protein cyclin D1 was decreased by the extract and its fractions. Interestingly, only the DCM fraction exhibited the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) binding activity, which represents a pro-apoptotic activity in colorectal cancer cells. The overall results of this study indicate that the extract from this plant has anti-proliferative activity through the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins and PPARγ, and may have potential as a preventive regimen in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanuch Rojsanga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA ; ; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok
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Tushar K, George S, Remashree A, Balachandr I. Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr.-A Review on this Rare, Critically Endangered and Highly-Traded Medicinal Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jps.2008.133.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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