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Patel R, Kadri S, Gohil P, Deshpande S, Shah G. Amelioration of complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis by Calotropis procera latex in rats. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common cause of disability, affecting 0.3–1% of the adult population worldwide. The latex of Calotropis procera possesses potent anti-inflammatory as well as analgesic properties. In light above facts, the present study was designed to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of Calotropis procera latex in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in Wistar albino rats. Complete Freund's adjuvant was injected into the left hind paw on day 0, and treatment of prednisolone and Calotropis procera latex was given from day 0 to 28. Various biochemical, hematological and functional parameters as well as radiological and histopathological changes of joint along with body weight and paw volume were measured.
Results
Calotropis procera treatment significantly lowered paw volume in CFA-induced arthritic rats. Significant improvement was observed in functional, biochemical and hematological parameters in Calotropis procera-treated rats. However, the body weight remained unaffected. Histological and radiographical examination of synovial joints in Calotropis procera-treated animals exhibited less synovial hyperplasia, infiltration and accumulation of inflammatory cell in synovial fluid, cartilage and bone erosion and joint space narrowing.
Conclusion
Calotropis procera latex possesses anti-arthritic activity, which is facilitated by modulation in the level of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. The improvement in hematological as well as biochemical parameters might be reflected on functional, histopathological, radiological changes and thereby disease progression.
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Kumar VL, Pandey A, Verma S, Das P. Protection afforded by methanol extract of Calotropis procera latex in experimental model of colitis is mediated through inhibition of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1602-1609. [PMID: 30551414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calotropis procera, a latex producing plant is known to possess medicinal properties including its beneficial effect in gastrointestinal disorders. The anti-inflammatory effect of its latex in various experimental models is noteworthy and in light of this the present study was carried out with an objective to evaluate its efficacy in ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory condition of the colon. Colitis was induced in rats by acetic acid and the rats were divided into four groups where one group served as experimental control and the other groups were treated with two doses of methanol extract of dried latex of C. procera (MeDL; 50 and 150 mg/kg) and mesalazine (MSZ; 300 mg/kg). The study also included normal control (NC) group for comparison of various parameters related to colon like macroscopic changes, ulcer score, adherent mucus content, weight/length ratio, small intestinal transit, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, tissue histology and immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) subunit p65. Treatment of colitic rats with MeDL produced a significant reduction in colonic mucosal damage as revealed by macroscopic and microscopic evaluation and normalization of tissue levels of oxidative stress markers and pro-inflammatory mediators. The protection afforded by MeDL was also evident from its restorative effect on tissue histology and expression of COX-2, iNOS and NFκB(p65). This study shows that by targeting oxidative stress and NFκB(p65) mediated pro-inflammatory signaling, the latex of C. procera affords protection in colitis and its effect was comparable to that of mesalazine. This study suggests that latex of C. procera could serve as a promising therapeutic option for treating inflammatory conditions of the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay L Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
| | - Abhimanu Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Sneh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
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Chaudhary P, Ramos MV, Vasconcelos MDS, Kumar VL. Protective Effect of High Molecular Weight Protein Sub-fraction of Calotropis procera Latex in Monoarthritic Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S147-51. [PMID: 27279699 PMCID: PMC4883071 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.182151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Proteins present in the latex of Calotropis procera have been shown to produce anti-inflammatory effect and to afford protection in various disease models. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of high molecular weight protein sub-fraction (LPPI) of latex of C. procera in ameliorating joint inflammation and hyperalgesia in a preclinical model of arthritis. Materials and Methods: Monoarthritis was induced in rats by intra-articular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and the effect of two doses of LPPI (5 and 25 mg/kg) and diclofenac (5 mg/kg) was evaluated on joint swelling, stair climbing ability, motility, and dorsal flexion pain on day 3. The rats were sacrificed on day 3 to measure tissue levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Evaluation of joint histology was also made. Results: Intra-articular injection of FCA produced joint swelling and difficulty in stair climbing ability, motility, and pain on flexion of the joint as revealed by scores obtained for these functional parameters. LPPI produced a dose-dependent decrease in joint swelling and improved joint functions. Arthritic rats also revealed altered oxidative homeostasis where joint tissue GSH levels were decreased and TBARS levels were increased as compared to normal rats. The levels of these oxidative stress markers were near normal in arthritic rats treated with LPPI. Moreover, treatment with LPPI also maintained the structural integrity of the joint. The protective effect of LPPI was comparable to the standard anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac. Conclusion: The findings of the present study show that LPPI fraction comprising high molecular weight proteins could be used for the alleviation of arthritic symptoms. SUMMARY High molecular weight protein sub-fraction of latex of Calotropis procera (LPPI) reduced joint swelling and hyperalgesia in arthritic rats LPPI produced a significant improvement in stair climbing ability and motility in arthritic rats LPPI normalized the levels of oxidative stress markers in the arthritic joints Treatment with LPPI reduced neutrophil influx and edema in the arthritic joints
Abbreviations used: FCA: Freund's complete adjuvant, GSH: Glutathione, TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBA: Thiobarbituric acid, MDA: Malondialdehyde, LPPI: Latex protein fraction PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Delhi University South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India; Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Marcio V Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Vijay L Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Chaudhary P, de Araújo Viana C, Ramos MV, Kumar VL. Antiedematogenic and antioxidant properties of high molecular weight protein sub-fraction of Calotropis procera latex in rat. J Basic Clin Pharm 2015; 6:69-73. [PMID: 25767367 PMCID: PMC4357003 DOI: 10.4103/0976-0105.152098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the effect of high molecular weight protein fraction of Calotropis procera latex on edema formation and oxidative stress in carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. Methods: A sub-plantar injection of carrageenan was given to induce edema in the hind paw of the rat. The inhibitory effect of high molecular weight protein fraction of C. procera latex was evaluated following intravenous administration (5 and 25 mg/kg body weight) and was compared with that of diclofenac given orally (5 mg/kg). The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured in the inflamed paw tissue at the end of the study. Results: The high molecular weight protein fraction obtained from the latex of C. procera produced a dose-dependent inhibition of edema formation that was accompanied by normalization of levels of oxidative stress markers (GSH and TBARS) and MPO, a marker for neutrophils in the paw tissue. Conclusions: The high molecular weight protein fraction of C. procera latex ameliorates acute inflammation in the paw through its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Carolina de Araújo Viana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcio V Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vijay L Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ravikumar S, Gnanadesigan M. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of a mangrove plant Lumnitzera racemosa. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:348-52. [PMID: 23569791 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the hepatoprotective and in vitro antioxidant activity of Lumnitzera racemosa (L. racemosa) leaf extract. METHODS Animals in Group 1 served as vehicle control, Group 2 served as hepatotoxin (CCL4 treated) group, Group 3 served as positive control (Silymarin) group, and Group 4, 5 and 6 served as (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg bw p.o.) L. racemosa leaf extract treated groups. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), NO, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) were also analyzed for the leaf extract. RESULTS The levels of the serum parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, cholesterol (CHL), sugar and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased in CCL4 treated rats when compared with the control group (P<0.05). But the L. racemosa leaf extract treated rats showed maximum reduction of SGOT [(210.36±19.63) IU/L], SGPT [(82.37±13.87) IU/L], ALP [(197.63±23.43) IU/L], bilurubin [(2.15±0.84) mg/dL], cholesterol [(163.83±15.63) mg/dL], sugar [(93.00±7.65) mg/dL] and LDH [(1134.00±285.00) IU/L] were observed with the high dose (300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats. Histopathological scores showed that, no visible changes were observed with high dose (300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats except few mild necrosis. The IC50 values were observed as (56.37±4.87) µg/mL, (57.68±1.98) µg/mL, (64.15±2.90) µg/mL, (61.94±3.98) µg/mL, (94.53±1.68) µg/mL and (69.7±2.65) µg/mL for DPPH, HRSA, NO, FRAP, LPO and SOD radical scavenging activities, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the hepatoprotective effect of the L. racemosa leaf extract might be due to the presence of phenolic groups, terpenoids and alkaloids and in vitro antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Ravikumar
- School of Marine Sciences, Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus, Thondi-623409, Tamilnadu, India
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Adeneye AA, Awodele O, Aiyeola SA, Benebo AS. Modulatory potentials of the aqueous stem bark extract of Mangifera indica on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 5:106-15. [PMID: 26151020 PMCID: PMC4488099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Among Yoruba herbalists (Southwest Nigeria), hot water infusion of Mangifera indica L. (芒果 Máng Guǒ) stem bark is reputedly used for the treatment of fever, jaundice and liver disorders. The present study, therefore, investigates the protective effects and mechanism(s) of chemopreventive and curative effects of 125–500 mg/kg/day of Mangifera indica aqueous stem bark extract (MIASE) in acute CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Rats were treated intragastrically with 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day of MIASE for 7 days before and after the administration of CCl4 (3 ml/kg of 20% CCl4, i.p.). The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total bilirubin (TB), conjugated bilirubin (CB) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were estimated. In addition, hepatic tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, catalase (CAT), superoxide (SOD) activities in the hepatic homogenate, and histopathological changes in the rat liver sections were determined. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening for bioactive compounds in MIASE was also conducted. Results showed that oral treatment with 125–500 mg/kg/day of MIASE significantly attenuated the increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, FBG, TB, CB and LDL-c levels in acute liver injury induced by CCl4 treatment. Findings also revealed significant elevations in the serum TC, TG, HDL-c, TP and ALB levels. There was marked architectural remodeling in the hepatic lesions of hepatocyte vacuolation and centrilobular necrosis induced by CCl4 treatment, coupled with significant weight loss. MIASE also markedly enhanced SOD and CAT activities while reducing MAD formation; and increased GSH concentration in the hepatic homogenate compared with untreated CCl4-intoxicated group, with more protection offered in the curative than the chemopreventive models of CCl4 hepatotoxicity. Thus, these results indicate that MIASE has a profound protective effect against acute CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, which may be due to its free radicals scavenging effect, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and its ability to increase antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way, G.R.A., Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +234 802 0690 946 (mobile).
| | - Olufunsho Awodele
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Sheriff Aboyade Aiyeola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Adokiye Senibo Benebo
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way, G.R.A., Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Akhtar T, Sheikh N, Abbasi MH. Clinical and pathological features of Nerium oleander extract toxicosis in wistar rats. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:947. [PMID: 25539875 PMCID: PMC4308011 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerium oleander has been widely studied for medicinal purposes for variety of maladies. N. oleander has also been reported having noxious effects because of its number of components that may show signs of toxicity by inhibiting plasma lemma Na+, K+-ATPase. The present study was performed to scrutinize the toxic effect of N. oleander leaves extract and its clinical and pathological features in wistar rats. RESULTS Hematological analysis showed significant variations in RBCs count (P = 0.01), Hb (P = 0.001), Hct (P = 0.0003), MCV (P = 0.013), lymphocyte count (P = 0.015), neutrophil count (P = 0.003), monocyte count (P = 0.012) and eosinophil count (P = 0.006). Histopathological studies have shown that in T1 group noticeable infiltration of inflammatory cells was found with low level of vascular damage. In T2 group, increased proportion of binucleated and inflammatory cells, hepatic necrosis, widening of sinusoidal spaces and mild level of vascular damage was observed. CONCLUSION Taken together these findings we can conclude that N. oleander leaves extract significantly affects on experimental animals due to its toxicity. Efforts must be exerted to purify different chemical components from extract with no inflammation as this plant is utilized in folk medicine with narrow therapeutic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasleem Akhtar
- />Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- />Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Muddasir Hassan Abbasi
- />Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
- />Department of Zoology, Government College of Science, Wahdat Road, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
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Kumar VL, Sharma N, Souza ICDC, Ramos MV, Carvalho CPDS. Proteins derived from in vitro culture of the callus and roots of Calotropis procera ameliorate acute inflammation in the rat paw. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1724-31. [PMID: 25424282 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The callus and roots developed from the hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of the germinating seeds of Calotropis procera were grown in culture, and the proteins isolated from them (CP and RP) were evaluated for their efficacy in inhibiting edema formation induced by sub-plantar injection of carrageenan in the hind paw of rat. Intravenous administration of both CP and RP 30 min before inducing inflammation produced a dose-dependent inhibition of edema formation at 1 and 5 mg/kg doses. The extents of inhibition with these proteins ranged between 40 and 70 % at the doses included while the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac produced 50 to 60 % inhibition at 5 mg/kg dose. The inhibitory effect with these proteins was accompanied by a dose-dependent reduction in the tissue levels of inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and oxidative stress markers namely glutathione and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and maintenance of tissue architecture. The present study shows that the proteins isolated from the differentiated and undifferentiated tissues derived from the germinating seeds have therapeutic application in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, and these tissues could be used as an alternative source to minimize variability of plant-derived formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay L Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India,
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Seif el-Din SH, El-Lakkany NM, Mohamed MA, Hamed MM, Sterner O, Botros SS. Potential effect of the medicinal plants Calotropis procera, Ficus elastica and Zingiber officinale against Schistosoma mansoni in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:144-50. [PMID: 24047470 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.818041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), Ficus elastica Roxb. (Moraceae) and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) have been traditionally used to treat many diseases. OBJECTIVE The antischistosomal activity of these plant extracts was evaluated against Schistosoma mansoni. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male mice exposed to 80 ± 10 cercariae per mouse were divided into two batches. The first was divided into five groups: (I) infected untreated, while groups from (II-V) were treated orally (500 mg/kg for three consecutive days) by aqueous stem latex and flowers of C. procera, latex of F. elastica and ether extract of Z. officinale, respectively. The second batch was divided into four comparable groups (except Z. officinale-treated group) similarly treated as the first batch in addition to the antacid ranitidine (30 mg/kg) 1 h before extract administration. Safety, worm recovery, tissues egg load and oogram pattern were assessed. RESULTS Calotropis procera latex and flower extracts are toxic (50-70% mortality) even in a small dose (250 mg/kg) before washing off their toxic rubber. Zingiber officinale extract insignificantly decrease (7.26%) S. mansoni worms. When toxic rubber was washed off and ranitidine was used, C. procera (stem latex and flowers) and F. elastica extracts revealed significant S. mansoni worm reductions by 45.31, 53.7 and 16.71%, respectively. Moreover, C. procera extracts produced significant reductions in tissue egg load (∼34-38.5%) and positively affected oogram pattern. CONCLUSION The present study may be useful to supplement information with regard to C. procera and F. elastica antischistosomal activity and provide a basis for further experimental trials.
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Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of silibinin on experimental preeclampsia induced by l-NAME in rats. Life Sci 2012; 91:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rosa DPD, Bona S, Simonetto D, Zettler C, Marroni CA, Marroni NP. Melatonin protects the liver and erythrocytes against oxidative stress in cirrhotic rats. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2010; 47:72-8. [PMID: 20520979 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032010000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic hepatopathy which constitutes an irreversible stage of liver dysfunction. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the oxidative stress in the blood of cirrhotic rats treated with the antioxidant melatonin. METHODS Cirrhosis was induced through inhalation of carbon tetrachloride. Liver integrity was evaluated by measuring serum enzymes, oxidative damage measured by lipoperoxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity in erythrocytes. Lipoperoxidation, total nitrates, collagen, and histology by picrosirius staining were evaluated in the livers of these animals (n = 15), which were divided in three groups: control, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon tetrachloride + melatonin. Melatonin (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneal from week 10 of carbon tetrachloride inhalation. In order to shorten the cirrhosis induction time, phenobarbital (0.3 g/L) was added to the animals' drinking water. RESULTS A significant impairment in the liver integrity of melatonin-treated animals as compared to cirrhotic animals was observed. In rat erythrocytes and liver, lipoperoxidation was significantly increased in the cirrhotic rats as compared to controls, as measured through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and significantly decreased in melatonin-treated animals as compared to cirrhotic ones. In blood, a decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes was detected in the cirrhotic group as compared to the control group, with increased superoxide dismutase activity when melatonin was administered. A reduction in the levels of total nitrates was detected in the hepatic tissue of the animals in the carbon tetrachloride group as compared to the control group and an increase of these levels in the carbon tetrachloride + melatonin group. As for hepatic collagen, we found a significant increase in the carbon tetrachloride group as compared to the controls and a regression of these values in the treated group. In histology, the rats in the carbon tetrachloride group showed fibrosis and formation of fibrotic nodules, characterizing liver cirrhosis; there was reduction of nodules and fibrosis in the melatonin treated group. CONCLUSION The data allow us to suggest that the observed oxidative stress is related to the damages caused by carbon tetrachloride and that the use of melatonin can minimize these damages.
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Cai HB, Sun XG, Liu ZF, Liu YW, Tang J, Liu Q, Ji BM, Song YH, Zhou YC, Yang MH, Lv ZP. Effects of dahuangzhechong pills on cytokines and mitogen activated protein kinase activation in rats with hepatic fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 132:157-164. [PMID: 20723595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED RELEVANCE TO ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY: Dahuangzhechong pill (DHZCP), a well-known and canonical Chinese medicine formula from "The Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber", is officially approved and recommended by Chinese association of integrative medicine for the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis in China. AIM OF THE STUDY To test the hypothesis that therapeutic effects of DHZCP on hepatic fibrosis are conferred by regulating cytokine profile through a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatic fibrosis is inducted by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats which then were randomly divided into six groups: hepatic fibrosis model group, high dose DHZCP group, low dose DHZCP group, Fufang Biejia Ruangan Pian (FBRP) group, Colchicine group and control group. Pathological, immunohistochemical, multiplex immunoassay and protein expression studies (Western blotting) are performed. RESULTS DHZCP significantly decreases the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hyaluronic acid, laminin, type IV collagen and procollagen III, and reverses hepatic fibrosis in rat model. DHZCP also could reduce the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, and lower the serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 13 (IL-13). The expressions of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) are down-regulated, while no significant changes are found in phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). CONCLUSIONS DHZCP can alleviate hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4). The anti-fibrotic effects of DHZCP are conferred by decreasing the secretion of TNF-α and IL-13 through down-regulating p38 and ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bing Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
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Silva MCC, da Silva AB, Teixeira FM, de Sousa PCP, Rondon RMM, Honório JER, Sampaio LRL, Oliveira SL, Holonda ANM, de Vasconcelos SMM. Therapeutic and biological activities of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(10)60081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Shaker E, Mahmoud H, Mnaa S. Silymarin, the antioxidant component and Silybum marianum extracts prevent liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:803-6. [PMID: 20034535 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver disorders are one of the common recent problems affects on the human health. These disorders due to many environmental polluted sources. Many herbal, medicinal and pharmaceutical plants and their extracts are widely studied by many researchers. Silybum marianum got a bright reputation in relieve the liver diseases, and that might be for the potent silymarin mixture. Mechanism of action for silymarin conducted mainly to the antiradical and anticarcinogenic roles. Ethyl acetate (100mg/kg bw) and ethanol seed extracts for S. marianum (100mg/kg bw) were tested against the injection (i.p.) by carbon tetrachloride (2 ml/kg bw) the inducer of liver damage. Their activity were compared with standard hepatic drug hepaticum (100mg/kg bw) for 10 days. Ethanolic extract showed the most significantly decrease in the liver enzymes. For the oxidative experiments, ethyl acetate showed the most increase for glutathione level and the risk factor HDL/LDL significantly. Hepaticum was the most powerful group for the significant decreasing for malondialdehyde and fucosidase activity. Some equal improvements were noticed in the histopathological studies for the protective groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shaker
- Agric Chem Dept, Agric College, Minia University, Egypt.
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Ramos MV, Oliveira JS, Figueiredo JG, Figueiredo IST, Kumar VL, Bitencourt FS, Cunha FQ, Oliveira RSB, Bomfim LR, Vitor Lima-Filho J, Alencar NMN. Involvement of NO in the inhibitory effect of Calotropis procera latex protein fractions on leukocyte rolling, adhesion and infiltration in rat peritonitis model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 125:387-392. [PMID: 19647058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The latex of Calotropis procera has been used in the traditional medicinal system for the treatment of leprosy, ulcers, tumors, piles and diseases of liver, spleen, abdomen and toothache. It comprises of a non-dialyzable protein fraction (LP) that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and a dialyzable fraction (DF) exhibiting pro-inflammatory properties. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of LP sub-fractions on neutrophil functions and nociception in rodent models and to elucidate the mediatory role of nitric oxide (NO). MATERIAL AND METHODS The LP was subjected to ion exchange chromatography and the effect of its three sub-fractions (LP(PI), LP(PII) and LP(PIII)) thus obtained was evaluated on leukocyte functions in the rat peritonitis model and on nociception in the mouse model. RESULTS LP sub-fractions exhibit distinct protein profile and produce a significant decrease in the carrageenan and DF induced neutrophil influx and exhibit anti-nociceptive property. The LP and its sub-fractions produced a marked reduction in the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes in the mesenteric microvasculature as revealed by intravital microscopy. The anti-inflammatory effect of LP(PI), the most potent anti-inflammatory fraction of LP, was accompanied by an increase in the serum levels of NO. Further, our study shows that NO is also involved in the inhibitory effect of LP(PI) on neutrophil influx. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that LP fraction of Calotropis procera comprises of three distinct sets of proteins exhibiting anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties of which LP(PI) was most potent in inhibiting neutrophil functions and its effects are mediated through NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio V Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Cx. Postal 6033, Fortaleza-Ce Brasil, CEP 60451-970, Brazil.
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Singhal A, Kumar VL. Effect of aqueous suspension of dried latex of Calotropis procera on hepatorenal functions in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:172-174. [PMID: 19111917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dry latex (DL) of Calotropis procera, a plant of the family Asclepiadaceae, on the functions of liver and kidney in normal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous suspension of DL was orally administered to rats at doses of 10, 100 and 400 mg/kg for a period of 45 days and the effect on various parameters reflecting liver and kidney functions was compared with that of normal controls. RESULTS Treatment with DL did not alter the serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, urea and urinary levels of glucose and protein as compared to the normal rats. It exhibited a modulatory role in maintaining the levels of blood glucose and serum insulin. The liver and kidney of DL treated and normal rats were also comparable with regard to the tissue levels of oxidative stress markers and histology. Further, no signs of toxicity were observed in the DL treated rats over the study period. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that aqueous suspension of Calotropis procera latex does not produce any toxicity and could be safely used for therapeutic purpose at the doses studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singhal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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