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Tülüce Y, Keleş AY, Köstekci S. Assessment of redox homeostasis via genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and NRF-2 in colorectal cancer cell lines after treatment with Ganoderma lucidum extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37700682 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2257403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, and Inonotus hispidus fungal extracts on HT-29 and HCT-116 colorectal cancer cell lines and to search the DNA damage and oxidative stress caused by these extracts. Accordingly, mushroom extracts were applied to colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro, and the IC50 result was obtained with the MTT test. According to the IC50 result, Ganoderma lucidum extract had the most effective cytotoxicity value among all used mushroom extracts. TAS, TOS, and NRF-2 tests were used to investigate the molecular effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract on oxidative stress; the DNA ladder test was performed to assess DNA damage, the Scratch assay method was applied for cell migration analysis, and the colony assay was used to determine the colony formation potential of the cells. The results showed that Ganoderma lucidum mushroom extract reduces cell proliferation, colony formation, and NRF-2, induces DNA damage, slows cell migration, and increases oxidative stress. This study shows that Ganoderma lucidum mushroom extract reduces cell proliferation through damaging cellular DNA and has a cytotoxic effect in colorectal cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Tülüce
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Yasin Keleş
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Institute of Health Sciences, Van, Türkiye
| | - Sedat Köstekci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Van, Türkiye
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Oke MA, Afolabi FJ, Oyeleke OO, Kilani TA, Adeosun AR, Olanbiwoninu AA, Adebayo EA. Ganoderma lucidum: Unutilized natural medicine and promising future solution to emerging diseases in Africa. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952027. [PMID: 36071846 PMCID: PMC9441938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known medicinal mushroom that has been used for the prevention and treatment of different ailments to enhance longevity and health specifically in China, Japan, and Korea. It was known as “God’s herb” in ancient China as it was believed to prolong life, enhance the youthful spirit and sustain/preserve vitality. G. lucidum is seldom collected from nature and is substantially cultivated on wood logs and sawdust in plastic bags or bottles to meet the international market demand. Both in vitro and in vivo studies on the copious metabolic activities of G. lucidum have been carried out. Varied groups of chemical compounds including triterpenoids, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, nucleosides, alkaloids, steroids, lactones, lectins, fatty acids, and enzymes with potent pharmacological activities have been isolated from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of G. lucidum. Several researchers have reported the abundance and diversification of its biological actions triggered by these chemical compounds. Triterpenoids and polysaccharides of G. lucidum have been reported to possess cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, antihistaminic effects, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic antiallergic, neuroprotective, antitumor, immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic activities. Various formulations have been developed, patented, and utilized as nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals from G. lucidum extracts and active compounds. Thus, this review presents current updates on emerging infectious diseases and highlights the scope, dynamics, and advances in infectious disease management with a particular focus on Ganoderma lucidum, an unutilized natural medicine as a promising future solution to emerging diseases in Africa. However, details such as the chemical compound and mode of action of each bioactive against different emerging diseases were not discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Oke
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - F. J. Afolabi
- Mushrooms Department, National Biotechnology Development Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - O. O. Oyeleke
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - T. A. Kilani
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - A. R. Adeosun
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - A. A. Olanbiwoninu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - E. A. Adebayo
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Microbiology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- Mushrooms Department, National Biotechnology Development Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: E. A. Adebayo,
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Nutritional Profile and Health Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum “Lingzhi, Reishi, or Mannentake” as Functional Foods: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071030. [PMID: 35407117 PMCID: PMC8998036 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum has a long history of medicinal uses in the Far East countries of more than 2000 years due to its healing properties. Recently, G. lucidum has come under scientific scrutiny to evaluate its content of bioactive components that affect human physiology, and has been exploited for potent components in the pharmacology, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics industries. For instance, evidence is accumulating on the potential of this mushroom species as a promising antiviral medicine for treating many viral diseases, such as dengue virus, enterovirus 71, and recently coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Still, more research studies on the biotherapeutic components of G. lucidum are needed to ensure the safety and efficiency of G. lucidum and promote the development of commercial functional foods. This paper provides an extensive overview of the nutraceutical value of Ganoderma lucidum and the development of commercial functional food. Moreover, the geo-origin tracing strategies of this mushroom and its products are discussed, a highly important parameter to ensure product quality and safety. The discussed features will open new avenues and reveal more secrets to widely utilizing this mushroom in many industrial fields; i.e., pharmaceutical and nutritional ones, which will positively reflect the global economy.
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Božić Nedeljković B, Ćilerdžić J, Zmijanjac D, Marković M, Džopalić T, Vasilijić S, Stajić M, Vučević D. Immunomodulatory effects of extract of Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) basidiocarps cultivated on alternative substrate. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:45-59. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cheng AY, Chien YC, Lee HC, Hsieh YH, Yu YL. Water-Extracted Ganoderma lucidum Induces Apoptosis and S-Phase Arrest via Cyclin-CDK2 Pathway in Glioblastoma Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163585. [PMID: 32781747 PMCID: PMC7464863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most common and most aggressive brain cancers. The current treatment is mainly surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, but the results are not satisfactory. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), also called “Lingzhi”, is a medicinal mushroom that has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of numerous diseases, including cancer. However, whether it is effective for treating cancer is still unclear. In the present study, the anti-tumor effect of a water extract of G. lucidum was investigated using brain tumor cells. We used an analysis of cell viability, flow cytometry, the IncuCyte live-cell analysis system, and Western blotting to study its effects. The water extract from G. lucidum inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and it induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase via the cyclin-CDK2 pathway in human brain tumor cells. In addition, the G. lucidum extract significantly inhibited cell migration and mesenchymal marker expression based on the IncuCyte live-cell assay and qRT-PCR analysis. In summary, these anti-tumor effects in brain tumor cells suggest that G. lucidum may be useful for treating brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yi Cheng
- The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-L.Y.)
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.H.); (Y.-L.Y.)
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Shaher F, Qiu H, Wang S, Hu Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wei Y, AL-ward H, Abdulghani MAM, Alenezi SK, Baldi S, Zhou S. Associated Targets of the Antioxidant Cardioprotection of Ganoderma lucidum in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Using Open Targets Platform: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7136075. [PMID: 32775437 PMCID: PMC7397440 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7136075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Even with substantial advances in cardiovascular therapy, the morbidity and mortality rates of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) continually increase. Hence, a feasible therapeutic approach is urgently needed. Objectives. This work is aimed at systemically reviewing literature and addressing cell targets in DCM through the possible cardioprotection of G. lucidum through its antioxidant effects by using the Open Targets Platform (OTP) website. Methods. The OTP website version of 19.11 was accessed in December 2019 to identify the studies in DCM involving G. lucidum. Results. Among the 157 cell targets associated with DCM, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was shared by all evidence, drug, and text mining data with 0.08 score association. mTOR also had the highest score association 0.1 with autophagy in DCM. Among the 1731 studies of indexed PubMed articles on G. lucidum published between 1985 and 2019, 33 addressed the antioxidant effects of G. lucidum and its molecular signal pathways involving oxidative stress and therefore were included in the current work. Conclusion. mTOR is one of the targets by DCM and can be inhibited by the antioxidative properties of G. lucidum directly via scavenging radicals and indirectly via modulating mTOR signal pathways such as Wnt signaling pathway, Erk1/2 signaling, and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmi Shaher
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yao Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hisham AL-ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mahfoudh A. M. Abdulghani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sattam Khulaif Alenezi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Baldi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
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Sohretoglu D, Huang S. Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides as An Anti-cancer Agent. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:667-674. [PMID: 29141563 DOI: 10.2174/1871520617666171113121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been used for centuries in Asian countries to treat various diseases and to promote health and longevity. Clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of G. lucidum as an alternative adjuvant therapy in cancer patients without obvious toxicity. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) is the main bioactive component in the water soluble extracts of this mushroom. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that GLP possesses potential anticancer activity through immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects. Here, we briefly summarize these anticancer effects of GLP and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Sohretoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, TR 06100, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States
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Yuen JWM, Mak DSY, Chan ES, Gohel MDI, Ng CF. Tumor inhibitory effects of intravesical Ganoderma lucidum instillation in the syngeneic orthotopic MB49/C57 bladder cancer mice model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 223:113-121. [PMID: 29783018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (GL) has been traditionally used in oriental medicine as superior health tonic, and there are numerous scientific evidences of its antitumorigenic activities. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the intravesical chemopreventive effects of ethanol extract of GL (GLe) on bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intravesical therapy is defined as the direct instillation of a liquid drug into bladder through a catheter. Bacille Calmette-Guerin(BCG) solution is applied intravesically as a conventional immunotherapy for preventing recurrence of bladder cancer. By adopting the MB49/C57 bladder cancer mice model, an overall 60 MB49-implanted mice were randomized into 3 groups and treated according to 3 treatment arms, including GLe, BCG and PBS. Additionally, wild-type mice without MB49 cell inoculation and treated with PBS were used as the negative control group. Testing agents were instilled intravesically for 2 h and repeated after one week for evaluating the effects on preventing the tumor formation and growth. The treated-mice were closely monitored for major adverse effects. RESULTS GLe demonstrated more potent cytotoxic effects than BCG on MB49 cells, although both in dose-dependent manner. In the MB49-implanted mice, 80 µg/ml GLe was shown to delay the tumor formation by one week, whereas the averaged tumor volume measured at endpoint was 3.6-fold and 4.6-fold smaller than that of the BCG or PBS, respectively. However, no significant effects were observed on body weight and hematuria. CONCLUSION Current findings in mice suggested intravesical GLe therapy as an effective and safe chemopreventive strategy for inhibiting bladder tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W M Yuen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - D S Y Mak
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - E S Chan
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - M D I Gohel
- School of Medical and Health Science, Tung Wah College, Homantin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - C F Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
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Effects of the polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum on chemotherapy-related fatigue in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:905-10. [PMID: 27208798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The weight-loaded swimming capability, tumor growth, survival time and biochemical markers of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) in a chemotherapy-related fatigue mouse model were tested in the present study. The results showed that the middle-dose GLPs (GLP-M) and the high-dose GLPs (GLP-H) could increase the exhausting swimming time, which was observed to decrease in the cisplatin control group(PCG) and the tumor control group (TCG).The GLP-M and the GLP-H had reduced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-6, which were up-regulated by cisplatin. Cisplatin and the presence of tumor significantly enhanced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the muscle. Administration of GLPs at a high dose decreased the levels of MDA and up-regulated the SOD activity. The high-dose GLPs+cisplatin group presented a decreased tendency of tumor volume and a lower tumor weight compared with PCG. Moreover, the mice in the GLP-M and GLP-H groups had longer survival times compared with the mice in the TCG and PCG.The levels of creatinine and serum blood urea nitrogen, which are up-regulated by cisplatin, were significantly reduced by GLP-M and GLP-H. Therefore, these results suggest that GLPs might improve chemotherapy-related fatigue via regulation of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and reduction of nephrotoxicity.
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Tseng CY, Chung MC, Wang JS, Chang YJ, Chang JF, Lin CH, Hseu RS, Chao MW. PotentIn VitroProtection Against PM2.5-Caused ROS Generation and Vascular Permeability by Long-Term Pretreatment withGanoderma tsugae. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:355-76. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show increased particulate matter (PM[Formula: see text]) particles in ambient air are correlated with increased myocardial infarctions. Given the close association of capillaries and alveoli, the dysfunction is caused when inhaled PM[Formula: see text] particles come in close proximity to capillary endothelial cells. We previously suggested that the inhalation of PM[Formula: see text] diesel exhaust particles (DEP) induces oxidative stress and upregulates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inducing vascular permeability factor VEGFA secretion, which results in cell-cell adherens junction disruption and PM[Formula: see text] transmigratation into circulation. Here, we minimized the level that PM[Formula: see text] traveled in the bloodstream by pre-supplementing with a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Ganoderma tsugae DMSO extract (GTDE) prior to PM[Formula: see text] exposure. Our results show that PM[Formula: see text] caused alterations in enzyme activities and cellular anti-oxidant balance. We found decreased glutathione levels, a reduced cellular redox ratio, increased ROS generation and cytotoxicity in the cellular fractions. The oxidative stress caused DNA damage and apoptosis, likely causing downstream molecular events that trigger vasculature permeabilization and, eventually, cardiovascular disorders. Our results show long-term GTDE treatment increased endogenous glutathione level, while PM[Formula: see text]-reduced glutathione levels and the cellular redox ratio. GTDE was protective against the genotoxic and apoptotic effects initiated by PM[Formula: see text] oxidative stress. Vascular permeability revealed that PM[Formula: see text] only accumulated on the surface of cells after GTDE treatment; no penetration was detected. After two weeks of GTDE treatment, VEGFA secretion was significantly reduced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and endothelial cell migration was blocked. Our results suggest GTDE prevents PM[Formula: see text] transmigration into the bloodstream, and the resultant dysfunction, by inhibiting oxidative stress production and endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Chung
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Syuan Wang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Chang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Fen Chang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Lin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Shyang Hseu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Da-an District, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chao
- Center of Nanotechnology
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
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Liu Z, Xing J, Huang Y, Bo R, Zheng S, Luo L, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Wang D. Activation effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides liposomes on murine peritoneal macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:973-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shi M, Yang Y, Hu X, Zhang Z. Effect of ultrasonic extraction conditions on antioxidative and immunomodulatory activities of a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide originated from fermented soybean curd residue. Food Chem 2014; 155:50-6. [PMID: 24594153 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A crude Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLPL) was extracted from fermented soybean curd residue by ultrasonic assisted extraction. The optimal extraction conditions were 30 min at 80 °C with 80 W and water to solid ratio of 10, and with this method 115.47 ± 2.95 mg/g of GLPL yield was obtained. Additionally, the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of GLPL were investigated. The results showed that GLPL exhibited strong antioxidant effects, which included scavenging activities against DPPH radicals, hydrogen oxide and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 0.23, 0.48 and 0.69 mg/mL, respectively. For immunomodulatory activities, GLPL was shown to strongly stimulate the proliferation of macrophages (158.02 ± 13.12%), the production of nitric oxide and phagocytosis (21.16 ± 1.65 μM), and, at 40.00 μg/mL, protected macrophage from Doxorubicin (DOX) (0.16 ± 0.003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yingnan Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Xuansheng Hu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Saeidnia S, Abdollahi M. Perspective Studies on Novel Anticancer Drugs from Natural Origin:A Comprehensive Review. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.90.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lu CC, Lin MY, Chen SY, Shen CH, Chen LG, Hsieh HY, Chan MWY, Hsu CD. The investigation of a traditional Chinese medicine, Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) as an intravesical therapeutic agent for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:44. [PMID: 23433042 PMCID: PMC3599278 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The high risk of recurrence faced by patients with bladder cancer has necessitated the administration of supplemental intravesical chemotherapy; however, such treatments often result in severe side effects. As a result, novel intravesical agents with enhanced efficacy and minimal toxicity are urgently required for the treatment of bladder cancer. Methods Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) is a traditional Chinese medicine shown to inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study evaluated the growth inhibition of GFW using normal human urothelial cells and bladder cancer cells; the efficacy of GFW treatment was further compared with mitomycin C, epirubicin, and cisplatin. We also examined the progression of cell cycle and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells in response to GFW treatment. CCK-8 was employed to analyze cell viability and flow cytometry was used to study the cell cycle and apoptosis. The mechanisms underlying GFW-induced cell cycle arrest were determined by Western blot analysis. Results Our data demonstrate the potent inhibitory effect of GFW in the proliferation of bladder cancer cell lines, BFTC 905 and TSGH 8301. GFW presented relatively high selectivity with regard to cancer cells and minimal toxicity to normal urothelial cells. Our results also demonstrate that GFW interferes with cell cycle progression through the activation of CHK2 and P21 and induces apoptosis in these bladder cancer cells. Conclusions Our results provide experimental evidence to support GFW as a strong candidate for intravesicle chemotherapy against bladder cancer.
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Wen CTP, Hussein SZ, Abdullah S, Karim NA, Makpol S, Mohd Yusof YA. Gelam and Nenas honeys inhibit proliferation of HT 29 colon cancer cells by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis while suppressing inflammation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1605-10. [PMID: 22799375 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelam and Nenas monofloral honeys were investigated in this study for their chemopreventive effects against HT 29 colon cancer cells. MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H- tetrazolim) assays showed more effective inhibition of colon cancer cells proliferation by Gelam honey with IC₅₀ values of 39.0 mg/ml and 85.5 mg/ml respectively after 24 hours of treatment. Alkali comet assays revealed both honeys increased DNA damage significantly in a dose dependent manner. In addition, annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry demonstrated that at IC₅₀ concentrations and above, both Gelam and Nenas honeys induced apoptosis significantlyat values higher than for necrosis (p<0.05). Measurement of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) confirmed that Gelam and Nenas honeys reduced its production in H₂O₂ inflammation-induced colon cancer cells. In conclusion, our study indicated and confirmed that both Gelam and Nenas honeys are capable of suppressing the growth of HT 29 colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christinal Teh Pey Wen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yuen JWM, Gohel MDI, Ng CF. The Effects of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> on Initial Events Related to the <i>Bacillus Calmette-Guérin</i> Efficacy and Toxicity on High-Risk Uroepithelial Cells: An <i>in Vitro</i> Preliminary Study. Chin Med 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2013.42009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Synergistic Cytotoxic Effects of Ganoderma lucidum and Bacillus Calmette Guérin on Premalignant Urothelial HUC-PC Cells and Its Regulation on Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:147896. [PMID: 22969822 PMCID: PMC3434421 DOI: 10.1155/2012/147896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is conventionally used as an adjuvant immunotherapy to reduce the recurrence of bladder cancer. To address the issues of efficacy and safety, an ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (GLe) was evaluated for its interaction with BCG. In a model of premalignant human uroepithelial cells (HUC-PC), GLe exerted immediate cytotoxic effects while BCG showed a delayed response, given that both were immunological active in inducing the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Synergistic cytotoxic effects were observed when cells were either coincubated with both drugs or firstly preincubated with GLe. Synergism between GLe and BCG was demonstrated to achieve a complete cytostasis in 24 hours, and such effects were progressed in the subsequent 5 days. However, the pretreatment of GLe resulted in suppression of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretions without affecting the cytotoxicity. Given that numerous proinflammatory cytokines are associated with the high side effects toll of BCG, results herein suggested the potential implications of GL to supplement the BCG immunotherapy in bladder cancer, for better efficacy and reducing side effects.
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Han XQ, Chung Lap Chan B, Dong CX, Yang YH, Ko CH, Gar-Lee Yue G, Chen D, Wong CK, Bik-San Lau C, Tu PF, Shaw PC, Fung KP, Leung PC, Hsiao WL, Han QB. Isolation, structure characterization, and immunomodulating activity of a hyperbranched polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4276-4281. [PMID: 22500548 DOI: 10.1021/jf205056u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide (GSP-6B) with a molecular mass of 1.86 × 10⁶ Da was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense . Chemical composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were conducted to elucidate its structure. GSP-6B contains a backbone of (1→6)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, bearing branches at the O-3 position of every two sugar residues along the backbone. The side chains contain (1→4)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, (1→3)-linked-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues, and nonreducing end β-D-glucopyranosyl residues. An in vitro immunomodulating activity assay revealed that GSP-6B could significantly induce the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and showed no toxicity to either PBMC or a human macrophage cell line THP-1. GSP-6B could also activate dendritic cells (DC) by stimulating the secretion of IL-12 and IL-10 from DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Radwan FFY, Perez JM, Haque A. Apoptotic and Immune Restoration Effects of Ganoderic Acids Define a New Prospective for Complementary Treatment of Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; S3:4. [PMID: 23336088 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.s3-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Considering the fact that a key factor in tumor development is the evasion of immune detection, the search for natural products, which have reduced toxicity towards normal tissues as well as immunostimulatory capabilities has received growing interest. One attractive source of antitumor products is the Ganoderma lucidum mushroom, which has been used for centuries as an herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, and has been shown to improve immune function. Interestingly, its methanol soluble triterpenoid extracts, namely Ganoderic Acids (GAs), have been the subject of several recent investigations on their chemotherapeutic effects. While current research has revealed GAs' role in inducing apoptosis of cancer cells with a much lower toxicity to healthy cells, little information is available on their in vitro and/or in vivo immune activities. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge on GAs, and their potential as apoptosis inducing as well as immune activating molecules that could be a potential alternative approach for designing novel chemoimmunotherapeutics against malignant diseases. We also discuss other new approaches for exploiting the advantages of using a nanoparticle polymer-GA conjugate as a tool for a sustained and targeted delivery of drug in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal F Y Radwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, and Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
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Yuen JWM, Gohel MDI, Ng CF. The differential immunological activities of Ganoderma lucidum on human pre-cancerous uroepithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:711-718. [PMID: 21501679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY Ganoderma lucidum is active to stimulate immunological effector cells, but the effects on uroepithelial cells have never been explored. The present study compared the expression of major cytokines induced by the water (GLw) and ethanol (GLe) extracts of G. lucidum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pre-cancerous human uroepithelial cell (HUC-PC) line was employed. A total of 15 cytokines, including major Th1/Th2 cytokines and chemokines, were measured in the complete media after 24h incubation with GLw and GLe. Additionally, the following assays were performed: cytotoxicity, apoptosis, migration of neutrophils, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) DNA binding activity. RESULTS GLe inhibited the growth of HUC-PC cells through apoptosis. Interleukins IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly up-regulated by GLe in dose-dependent manners, but not by GLw. However, MCP-1 level was significantly increased by GLw but was oppositely reduced by GLe. Furthermore, the elevation of cytokine expression was correlated with the enhancement of p50/p65 NF-κB activity induced by GLe. The elevated IL-8 levels in GLe-treated cells were also correlated with the migration of neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS GLe and GLw exhibited different immunological activities on the HUC-PC cells. In particular, the activities of GLe may favor the clearance of high risk urothelial cells, suggesting potent chemopreventive ingredients are extractable by ethanol from G. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W M Yuen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Macáková K, Opletal L, Polášek M, Samková V. Free-radical Scavenging Activity of some European Polyporales. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethanol extracts of 30 mushroom species from the order Polyporales were tested for their free radical scavenging activities by means of the DPPH free-radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide-induced luminol chemiluminescence assays. In the DPPH radical scavenging test, 7 species gave EC50 values of less than 1 mg/mL. The highest activity was exhibited by Fomitopsis pinicola (0.09 mg/mL). However, in the hydrogen peroxide-induced luminol chemiluminescence assay, only 4 species had EC50 values of less than 1 mg/mL, with the highest activity being exhibited also by F. pinicola (0.26 mg/mL). When compared with known antioxidants, all the mushroom extracts exhibited relatively low activity in both assays. The free radical scavenging results appeared not to be correlated with the total phenol contents of the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Opletal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Polášek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Samková
- Museum of East Bohemia in Hradec Králové, Eliščino nábřeží 465, 500 01 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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YouGuo C, ZongJi S, XiaoPing C. Modulatory effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on serum antioxidant enzymes activities in ovarian cancer rats. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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