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Adetunji TL, Acho MA, Samuel VO, Ohoro CR, Ramulondi M. Erythrina velutina Willd.: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117273. [PMID: 37820994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Erythrina velutina Willd., commonly known as "mulungu" in Brazil, is a leguminous tree with various traditional medicinal uses. These uses include treating insomnia, central nervous system disorders, convulsions, nervous cough, and inflammation. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to comprehensively summarize the ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents, pharmacology, and toxicology of E. velutina to explore its potential as a source for new therapeutic agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information was collected from scientific databases, dissertations, and books. Chemical structures were generated using ChemDraw. To ensure the accuracy of the plant names, "World Flora Online" (www.worldfloraonline.org) was consulted for the accepted names of plants. RESULTS E. velutina is indigenous to Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Hispaniola. Approximately 244 compounds, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids, have been isolated from it. The plant and its extracts have exhibited various bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, validating some of its traditional medicinal uses. Erythrina velutina shows promising therapeutic potential for conditions like convulsion, central nervous disorders, anxiety, insomnia, and inflammation, primarily due to its alkaloid and flavonoid content. CONCLUSION The traditional medicinal uses of the plant, combined with modern scientific research, underscore its pharmacological potential. This makes it a significant candidate for drug development. Further research should focus on conducting toxicological studies, clinical trials, and mechanistic investigations. These efforts will enable a comprehensive exploration of its pharmacological properties and potential applications in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Lois Adetunji
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | | | | | - Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Mmbulaheni Ramulondi
- Department of Science Access, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, South Africa.
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Souza JL, Nunes VV, Calazans CC, Silva-Mann R. Biotechnological potential of medicinal plant Erythrina velutina Willd: A systematic review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Astakhov GS, Shigaev RR, Borisova TN, Ershova AA, Titov AA, Varlamov AV, Voskressensky LG, Matveeva MD. Facile synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines by domino reaction of 1-aroyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with conjugated ketones, nitroalkenes and nitriles. Mol Divers 2021; 25:2441-2446. [PMID: 33040250 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A convenient protocol for the synthesis of 5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines with various electron-withdrawing substituents at C-2 atom is described. This approach is based on the two-component domino reaction of 1-aroyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with α,β-unsaturated ketones, nitroalkenes and acrylonitrile. Depending on the selected substrates, the reaction was performed in TFE under reflux or under microwave irradiation. Only for the two examples, a transition metal catalyst was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorii S Astakhov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
- Laboratory of Metal Hydrides (MHLab), A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 28, GSP-1, B-334, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Rinat R Shigaev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Tatiana N Borisova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Anastasia A Ershova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Alexander A Titov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Alexey V Varlamov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Leonid G Voskressensky
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Maria D Matveeva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198.
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Rambo DF, Biegelmeyer R, Toson NSB, Dresch RR, Moreno PRH, Henriques AT. The genus Erythrina L.: A review on its alkaloids, preclinical, and clinical studies. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1258-1276. [PMID: 30767297 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Erythrina L. genus (Fabaceae) comprises about 115 species, and it has been extensively studied, mainly because of its alkaloids, which have pharmacological properties. References demonstrated that Erythrina spp. have a potential to act in the central nervous system, presenting anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties already established. Phytochemical investigations confirmed the presence of tetracyclic alkaloids as the major compounds. However, other alkaloid classes have also been reported, including dimeric and trimeric substances, coupled through direct polymerization or two erythrinine units via an acetyl glucose. The present review covers the relevant literature from 1990 until 2017 and outlines the current data on chemical composition and preclinical and clinical studies on Erythrina species. Additionally, the quite striking analogy in the biosynthetic route of erythrin, morphinans, and Amaryllidaceae family alkaloids was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Rambo
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Biegelmeyer
- Departamento do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Natally S B Toson
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger R Dresch
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto H Moreno
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amélia T Henriques
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ximenes NC, Dos Santos Júnior MA, Vasconcelos GS, Dias KCF, Jucá MM, Silva AH, Leal LKAM, Viana GSB, de Sousa FCF, Vasconcelos SMM. Ethanolic extract of Erythrina velutina Willd ameliorate schizophrenia-like behavior induced by ketamine in mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 16:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2018-0038/jcim-2018-0038.xml. [PMID: 30315736 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder, characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. In general, several plants have shown activity in diseases related to the central nervous system (e.g., Erythrina velutina (EEEV), also known as "mulungu"). For this reason, we aimed to investigate the effects of standardized ethanol extract obtained from the stem bark of EEEV on the schizophrenia-like behaviors induced by ketamine (KET) administration. Methods Swiss mice were treated with KET (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline for 14 days. In addition, from 8th to 14th days, saline, EEEV (200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o.) or olanzapine (OLAN 2 mg/kg, p.o.) were associated to the protocol. On the 14th day of treatment, schizophrenia-like symptoms were evaluated by the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI), locomotor activity evaluated by the open field test (OFT), spatial recognition memory evaluated by the Y-maze task and social interaction test (SIT). Results KET has caused deficits in PPI, and it has also has caused hyperlocomotion in OFT and deficits in SIT as compared to control. EEEV in both doses used, reversed behavioral changes induced by KET, likewise results obtained with the administration of OLAN. Conclusions Taken together, the results demonstrate that the standard extract of EEEV was able to revert schizophrenia-like symptoms, due to the administration in repeated doses of ketamine. Thus, our findings lead to a new perspective for the use of EEEV an interesting alternative for drug discovery in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Coelho Ximenes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, CEP 60431-270, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Manuel Alves Dos Santos Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, CEP 60431-270, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Germana Silva Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, CEP 60431-270, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Kátia Cilene Ferreira Dias
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, CEP 60431-270, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mércia Marques Jucá
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, CEP 60431-270, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Aline Holanda Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Capitão Francisco Pedro Street 1210, Fortaleza, CE CEP: 60430-170, Brazil
| | | | - Glauce Socorro Barros Viana
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, CEP 60431-270, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, CEP 60431-270, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Rodrigues FTS, de Sousa CNS, Ximenes NC, Almeida AB, Cabral LM, Patrocínio CFV, Silva AH, Leal LKAM, Honório Júnior JER, Macedo D, Vasconcelos SMM. Effects of standard ethanolic extract from Erythrina velutina in acute cerebral ischemia in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1230-1239. [PMID: 29174035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify a possible neuroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Erythrina velutina (EEEV). Male Swiss mice were submitted to transient cerebral ischemia by occlusion of both carotid arteries for 30 min and treated for 5 days with EEEV (200 or 400 mg/kg) or Memantine (MEM) 10 mg/kg, with initiation of treatment 2 or 24 h after Ischemia. On the 6th day after the induction of ischemia, the animals were submitted to evaluation of locomotor activity and memory and then sacrificed. The brains were dissected for the removal of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC) and striatum (ST) for determination of amino acid concentrations. In the step down and Y-maze tests, ischemia caused damage to the animals and treatment with EEEV or MEM reversed this effect. The animals submitted to ischemia also showed memory deficit in the object recognition test, an effect that was reverted by EEEV400 and MEM10. Amino acid dosage showed an increase in excitatory amino acid concentrations in the PFC of the ischemic animals and this effect was reversed by the treatment with EEEV400/24H. Regarding the inhibitory amino acids, ischemia caused an increase of taurine in the PFC while treatment with MEM10/24H or EEEV400/24H reversed this effect. In HC, an increase in excitatory amino acids was also observed in ischemiated animals having treatment with EEEV200/2H or EEEV400/24H reversed this effect. Similar effect was also observed in the same area in relation to the inhibitory amino acids with treatment with MEM10/24H or EEEV400/24H. In the ST, ischemia was also able to cause an increase in excitatory amino acids that was reversed more efficiently by the treatments with MEM10/24H and EEEV200. Also in this area, an increase of taurine and GABA was observed and only the treatment with EEEV200/2H showed a reversion of this effect. In view of these findings, EEEV presents a neuroprotective effect possibly due to its action on amino acid concentrations, and is therefore a potential therapeutic tool in reducing the damage caused by ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Taciana Sousa Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil; University Centre Christus, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucas Moraes Cabral
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Danielle Macedo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil
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Passos AGDS, Gondim ANS, Roman-Campos D, Cruz JS, Conde-Garcia EA, Araújo Neto V, Estevam CS, Cerqueira SVS, Brandão GC, Oliveira AB, de Vasconcelos CML. The positive inotropic effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from Erythrina velutina leaves on the mammalian myocardium: the role of adrenergic receptors. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:928-36. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We studied the effects of ethyl acetate fraction (EAcF) obtained from Erythrina velutina leaves on mammalian myocardium.
Methods
The effect of EAcF on the contractility was studied using guinea-pig left atria mounted in a tissue bath (Tyrode's solution, 29°C, 95% CO2, 5% O2) and electrically stimulated (1 Hz). Concentration-response curves of EAcF were obtained in the presence of propranolol (1 μm), nifedipine (1 μm) and in reserpinized animals (5 mg/kg). The involvement of l-type calcium current (ICa,L) on the EAcF effect was observed in cardiomyocytes of mice assessed using patch-clamp technique.
Key findings
EAcF (550 μg/ml) had a positive inotropic effect, increasing the atrial force by 164% (EC50 = 157 ± 44 μg/ml, n = 6), but it was less potent than isoproterenol (EC50 = 0.0036 ± 0.0019 μg/ml, n = 8). The response evoked by EAcF was abolished by propranolol or nifedipine. Reserpine did not alter the inotropic response of EAcF. Furthermore, an enhancement of the ICa,L peak (31.2%) with EAcF was observed. Chemical analysis of EAcF revealed the presence of at least 10 different flavonoid glycoside derivatives. Two were identified as vicenin II and isorhoifolin.
Conclusions
We conclude that EAcF increases the cardiac contractile force by increasing the l-type calcium current and activating the adrenergic receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antônio Nei Santana Gondim
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação-Campus XII, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Guanambi, Brazil
| | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jader Santos Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Vítor Araújo Neto
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Geraldo Célio Brandão
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alaíde Braga Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Souza FVM, da Rocha MB, de Souza DP, Marçal RM. (−)-Carvone: Antispasmodic effect and mode of action. Fitoterapia 2013; 85:20-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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da Rocha MB, Souza FVM, dos Santos Estevam C, Pizza C, Sant'ana AEG, Marçal RM. Antispasmodic effect of 4'-methylepigallocatechin on guinea pig ileum. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1286-90. [PMID: 22626748 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The antispasmodic effect of 4'-methylepigallocatechin (MEC), which was isolated from Maytenus rigida Mart (Celestraceae), was investigated in vitro in guinea pig intestinal segments. In the isolated ileum, MEC (1 nM-100 μM) did not modify the ileal spontaneous tonus or the electrically elicited contractions. MEC (8 μM) significantly (p<0.01) reduced the submaximal contractions induced by histamine (2 μM), carbachol (100 μM) and BaCl₂ (0.03 M). An additive relaxing action (p<0.001) was observed by co-incubation of verapamil (10 nM) and MEC (8 μM). Although MEC (1 nM-100 μM) did not modify the contractions elicited by 60 mM KCl, it significantly reduced the CaCl₂ contractile response without changing the EC₅₀ (effective concentration of CaCl₂ causing 50% of maximum response). In brief, these results show that MEC has a potent ileal spasmolytic effect and blocks spasms induced by specific and nonspecific stimuli. Importantly, the spasmolytic effects were attained at low concentrations and might be related to the symptomatic relief of abdominal pain that is obtained from the use of the M. rigida stem bark.
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Mendel M, Chłopecka M, Dziekan N, Wiechetek M. The effect of the whole extract of common ivy (Hedera helix) leaves and selected active substances on the motoric activity of rat isolated stomach strips. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:796-802. [PMID: 21291987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The long tradition of using the dry extract of Hedera helix (common ivy) leaves in traditional and contemporary alternative medicine caused that many biological and pharmacological studies have been aimed at evaluating the effects of ivy. Some of the results suggest that Hedera helix extract possesses bronchodilatatory and antispasmodic activity. On the other hand, the symptoms of ivy intoxication in human and animals, as well as adverse-reactions observed during the therapy with ivy-based pharmaceuticals, indicate rather stimulant effect of the plant on smooth muscle. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two main active substances extracted from the plant (α-hederin and hederacoside C) and the whole dry extract of Hedera helix on the gut motility. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiments were carried out on isolated stomach corpus and fundus strips. The tissues were isolated from rats. The experiments were performed in isotonic conditions. The results are expressed as the percent of the reaction caused by a reference contractile substance, acetylcholine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The obtained results revealed that α-hederin applied in the concentration ranged from 25 to 320μM significantly changed the spontaneous motoric activity of rat stomach smooth muscle. The observed reaction had always the same character, a contraction, and its force was concentration dependent. The second tested saponin, hederacoside C, did not alter the motility of rat isolated stomach corpus and fundus strips when administered in the concentration up to 100 μM, however, if applied in the concentration of 350 μM it induced a remarkable concentration of smooth muscle. Eventually, the whole extract of Hedera helix in a dose containing 60 μM of hederacoside C produced a strong contraction which strength was comparable with the reaction generated by acetylcholine. According to the results, it is very likely that α-hederin, but not hederacoside C contributes to the contractile response of isolated stomach corpus and fundus strips to the application of Hedera helix leaves' extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mendel
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland. marta
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