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Chavan RS, Supalkar KV, Sadar SS, Vyawahare NS. Animal models of Alzheimer's disease: An originof innovativetreatments and insight to the disease's etiology. Brain Res 2023; 1814:148449. [PMID: 37302570 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The main pathogenic features are the development and depositionof senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain. Recent developments in the knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders have suggested new approaches to treatment development. These advancements have been significantly aided by the use of animal models, which are also essential for the assessment of therapies. Various approaches as transgenic animal model, chemical models, brain injury are used. This review will presentAD pathophysiology and emphasize several Alzheimer like dementia causingchemical substances, transgenic animal model and stereotaxy in order to enhance our existing knowledge of their mechanism of AD induction, dose, and treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu S Chavan
- D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Krishna V Supalkar
- D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smeeta S Sadar
- D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niraj S Vyawahare
- D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Ribeiro J, Lopes I, Gomes AC. A New Perspective for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Exosome-like Liposomes to Deliver Natural Compounds and RNA Therapies. Molecules 2023; 28:6015. [PMID: 37630268 PMCID: PMC10458935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increment of the aging population in recent years, neurodegenerative diseases exert a major global disease burden, essentially as a result of the lack of treatments that stop the disease progression. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an example of a neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people globally, with no effective treatment. Natural compounds have emerged as a viable therapy to fill a huge gap in AD management, and in recent years, mostly fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic, RNA-based therapeutics have become a hot topic in the treatment of several diseases. Treatments of AD face significant limitations due to the complex and interconnected pathways that lead to their hallmarks and also due to the necessity to cross the blood-brain barrier. Nanotechnology has contributed to surpassing this bottleneck in the treatment of AD by promoting safe and enhanced drug delivery to the brain. In particular, exosome-like nanoparticles, a hybrid delivery system combining exosomes and liposomes' advantageous features, are demonstrating great potential in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ribeiro
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA)/Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.R.); (I.L.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Sustainability (IB-S), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ivo Lopes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA)/Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.R.); (I.L.)
| | - Andreia Castro Gomes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA)/Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.R.); (I.L.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Sustainability (IB-S), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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3
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Thakral S, Yadav A, Singh V, Kumar M, Kumar P, Narang R, Sudhakar K, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH. Alzheimer's disease: Molecular aspects and treatment opportunities using herbal drugs. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101960. [PMID: 37224884 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also called senile dementia, is the most common neurological disorder. Around 50 million people, mostly of advanced age, are suffering from dementia worldwide and this is expected to reach 100-130 million between 2040 and 2050. AD is characterized by impaired glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, which is associated with clinical and pathological symptoms. AD is characterized clinically by loss of cognition and memory impairment and pathologically by senile plaques formed by Amyloid β deposits or neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) consisting of aggregated tau proteins. Amyloid β deposits are responsible for glutamatergic dysfunction that develops NMDA dependent Ca2+ influx into postsynaptic neurons generating slow excitotoxicity process leading to oxidative stress and finally impaired cognition and neuronal loss. Amyloid decreases acetylcholine release, synthesis and neuronal transport. The decreased levels of neurotransmitter acetylcholine, neuronal loss, tau aggregation, amyloid β plaques, increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, bio-metal dyshomeostasis, autophagy, cell cycle dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction are the factors responsible for the pathogenesis of AD. Acetylcholinesterase, NMDA, Glutamate, BACE1, 5HT6, and RAGE (Receptors for Advanced Glycation End products) are receptors targeted in treatment of AD. The FDA approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Donepezil, Galantamine and Rivastigmine and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist Memantine provide symptomatic relief. Different therapies such as amyloid β therapies, tau-based therapies, neurotransmitter-based therapies, autophagy-based therapies, multi-target therapeutic strategies, and gene therapy modify the natural course of the disease. Herbal and food intake is also important as preventive strategy and recently focus has also been placed on herbal drugs for treatment. This review focuses on the molecular aspects, pathogenesis and recent studies that signifies the potential of medicinal plants and their extracts or chemical constituents for the treatment of degenerative symptoms related to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Thakral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Alka Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Narang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Kalvatala Sudhakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India.
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unayzah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Protective Mechanisms of Nootropic Herb Shankhpushpi ( Convolvulus pluricaulis) against Dementia: Network Pharmacology and Computational Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1015310. [PMID: 36225186 PMCID: PMC9550454 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1015310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP), a Medhya Rasayana (nootropic) herb, is a major ingredient in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese formulae indicated for neurological conditions, namely, dementia, anxiety, depression, insanity, and epilepsy. Experimental evidence suggests various neuroactive potentials of CP such as memory-enhancing, neuroprotective, and antiepileptic. However, precise mechanisms underlying the neuropharmacological effects of CP remain unclear. The study, therefore, aimed at deciphering the molecular basis of neuroprotective effects of CP phytochemicals against the pathology of dementia disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) disease. The study exploited bioinformatics tools and resources, such as Cytoscape, DAVID (Database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery), NetworkAnalyst, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) database to investigate the interaction between CP compounds and molecular targets. An in silico analysis was also employed to screen druglike compounds and validate some selective interactions. ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) analysis predicted a total of five druglike phytochemicals from CP constituents, namely, scopoletin, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and ayapanin. In network analysis, these compounds were found to interact with some molecular targets such as prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 (PTGS1 and PTGS2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3), insulin receptor (INSR), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG), and monoamine oxidase A and B (MAOA and MAOB) that are associated with neuronal growth, survival, and activity. Docking simulation further confirmed interaction patterns and binding affinity of selected CP compounds with those molecular targets. Notably, scopoletin showed the highest binding affinity with PTGS1, NOS3, PPARG, ACHE, MAOA, MAOB, and TRKB, quercetin with PTGS2, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid with INSR, and ayapanin with HMOX1. The findings indicate that scopoletin, kaempferol, quercetin, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and ayapanin are the main active constituents of CP which might account for its memory enhancement and neuroprotective effects and that target proteins such as PTGS1, PTGS2, NOS3, PPARG, ACHE, MAOA, MAOB, INSR, HMOX1, and TRKB could be druggable targets against dementia.
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Hassan NA, Alshamari AK, Hassan AA, Elharrif MG, Alhajri AM, Sattam M, Khattab RR. Advances on Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease: From Medicinal Plant to Nanotechnology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154839. [PMID: 35956796 PMCID: PMC9369981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic dysfunction of neurons in the brain leading to dementia. It is characterized by gradual mental failure, abnormal cognitive functioning, personality changes, diminished verbal fluency, and speech impairment. It is caused by neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal area of the brain. The number of individuals with AD is growing at a quick rate. The pathology behind AD is the progress of intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, accumulation of amyloid plaque, loss of cholinergic neurons, and decrease in choline acetyltransferase. Unfortunately, AD cannot be cured, but its progression can be delayed. Various FDA-approved inhibitors of cholinesterase enzyme such as rivastigmine, galantamine, donepezil, and NDMA receptor inhibitors (memantine), are available to manage the symptoms of AD. An exhaustive literature survey was carried out using SciFinder’s reports from Alzheimer’s Association, PubMed, and Clinical Trials.org. The literature was explored thoroughly to obtain information on the various available strategies to prevent AD. In the context of the present scenario, several strategies are being tried including the clinical trials for the treatment of AD. We have discussed pathophysiology, various targets, FDA-approved drugs, and various drugs in clinical trials against AD. The goal of this study is to shed light on current developments and treatment options, utilizing phytopharmaceuticals, nanomedicines, nutraceuticals, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A. Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.S.)
- Synthetic Unit, Department of Photochemistry, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Asma K. Alshamari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Ha’il University, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Allam A. Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez 43221, Egypt;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed G. Elharrif
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah M. Alhajri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohammed Sattam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Reham R. Khattab
- Synthetic Unit, Department of Photochemistry, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
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Sharma R, Singla RK, Banerjee S, Sinha B, Shen B, Sharma R. Role of Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis) in Neurological Disorders: An Umbrella Review Covering Evidence from Ethnopharmacology to Clinical Studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104795. [PMID: 35878793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
C. pluricaulis Choisy (C. pluricaulis), a perennial herb aka C. microphyllus Sieb. and C. Prostratus Forsk. is being used as a traditional folk medicine for a variety of ailments. In this article, we collected information about C. pluricaulis through electronic search using PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, and Web of Science as well as network pharmacology is done. This comprehensive review sheds light on the plant profile, phytochemistry, neuropharmacological, and toxicological data of C. pluricaulis. The crude herb and its metabolites have exhibited a wide range of in vitro and in vivo neuropharmacological effects, including memory enhancement, anxiolytic, tranquilizing, anti-depressant, anti-stress, neurodegenerative, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, analgesic, sedative, anti-convulsant, and Alzheimer's disease-reversing effects. Network pharmacology results indicate that compounds from C. pluricaulis interact with various proteins, neuro synapses, signaling pathways, and serotonergic synapse which plays a crucial role in neurotransmission, Alzheimer's disease, long-term depression, addictions to alcohol, cognitive disorders, psychological conditions, and increasing serotonin concentration in synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road, 2222 Chengdu, Sichuan, China; iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India.
| | - Subhadip Banerjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Baivab Sinha
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road, 2222 Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Changhong AI Labs, Sichuan Changhong Electric Co. Ltd., Sichuan, China.
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road, 2222 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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Therapeutic Potential of Different Natural Products for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6873874. [PMID: 35910833 PMCID: PMC9337964 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6873874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A high incidence of dementia (60–80%) and a high rate of memory loss are two of the most common symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the elderly. Researchers have recommended that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Indian medicines can be used to prevent and cure AD. Several studies have linked neuroinflammation linked to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. As a result, more research is needed to determine the role of inflammation in neurodegeneration. Increased microglial activation, cytokine production, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) all play a role in the inflammatory process of AD. This review focuses on the role of neuroinflammation in neuroprotection and the molecular processes used by diverse natural substances, phytochemicals, and herbal formulations in distinct signaling pathways. Currently, researchers are focusing on pharmacologically active natural compounds with the anti-neuroinflammatory potential, making them a possible contender for treating AD. Furthermore, the researchers investigated the limits of past studies on TCM, Indian Ayurveda, and AD. Numerous studies have been carried out to examine the effects of medicinal whole-plant extracts on AD. Clinical investigations have shown that lignans, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenoids, sterols, and alkaloids have anti-inflammatory, antiamyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant properties. This review summarizes information about numerous medicinal plants and isolated compounds used in the treatment of AD and a list of further references.
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Karunakaran KB, Thiyagaraj A, Santhakumar K. Novel insights on acetylcholinesterase inhibition by Convolvulus pluricaulis, scopolamine and their combination in zebrafish. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:6. [PMID: 35212831 PMCID: PMC8881542 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors increase the retention of acetylcholine (ACh) in synapses. Although they alleviate cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease, their limited benefits warrant investigations of plant extracts with similar properties. We studied the anti-AChE activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP) in a zebrafish model of cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine (SCOP). CP is a perennial herb with anti-amnesiac and anxiolytic properties. It contains alkaloid, anthocyanin, coumarin, flavonoid, phytosterol and triterpenoid components. Isoxazole (ISOX) was used as a positive control for AChE inhibition. CP-treated 168 hpf larvae showed a similar pattern of AChE inhibition (in the myelencephalon and somites) as that of ISOX-treated larvae. CP was superior to ISOX as evidenced by the retention of avoidance response behavior in adult zebrafish. Molecular docking studies indicated that ISOX binds Ser203 of the catalytic triad on the human AChE. The active components of CP-scopoletin and kaempferol-were bound by His447 of the catalytic triad, the anionic subsite of the catalytic center, and the peripheral anionic site. This suggested the ability of CP to mediate both competitive and non-competitive modes of inhibition. Surprisingly, SCOP showed AChE inhibition in larvae, possibly mediated via the choline-binding sites. CP + SCOP induced a concentration-dependent increase in AChE inhibition and ACh depletion. Abnormal motor responses were observed with ISOX, CP, ISOX + SCOP, and CP + SCOP, indicative of undesirable effects on the peripheral cholinergic system. Our study proposes the examination of CP, SCOP, and CP + SCOP as potential AChE inhibitors for their ability to modulate cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anand Thiyagaraj
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, India
| | - Kirankumar Santhakumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, India.
- Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, India.
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Neurotoxic effects of aluminium exposure as a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:439-450. [PMID: 35088386 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium is one of the most widely distributed elements of the Earth's crust. Its routine use has resulted in excessive human exposure and due to the potential neurotoxic effects has attained a huge interest in recent years. Despite its ubiquitous abundance, aluminium has no crucial biological functions in the human body. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory effects are attributed to its neurotoxic manifestations implicated in Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we have discussed the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative events in the brain induced by aluminium exposure. We have highlighted the neurotoxic events caused by aluminium, such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory events, calcium dyshomeostasis, Aβ deposition, and neurofibrillary tangle formation in the brain. In addition, the protective measures needed for prevention of aluminium-induced neuronal dysregulations have also been discussed.
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Irnidayanti Y, Tifany Nabilah F, Herlina N. Nanocurcumin, Promising Potential Protective Agent Against Histopathological Damage in the Cerebral Cortex of Mice Induced by Aluminum Chloride. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:560-568. [PMID: 36098191 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.560.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Aluminum (Al) is widely used in many aspects of daily life, such as food packaging, cooking utensil components, food additives, cosmetics and water distillation. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of nanocurcumin on the cerebral cortex of one and two-month-old mice exposed to 200 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt., aluminium. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The Swiss Webster mice were used in this study. The control group only received sterile distilled water, the Al group was administered 200 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt., of AlCl<sub>3</sub> solution and the Al+Na Cur group was administered 200 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt., AlCl<sub>3</sub>+200 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> nanocurcumin by intraperitoneal injection. The nanocurcumin was administered one hour after AlCl<sub>3 </sub>exposure and then on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30. All the mice were anaesthetized and their brains were collected and fixed in a neutral formalin buffer solution for histological analysis. The paraffin method was used in this study. <b>Results:</b> The death of granular neuron cells and karyolysis cells and the vacuolation of the pyramid cell layer of the cerebral cortex could be prevented by the intraperitoneal administration of nanocurcumin. The effect of nanocurcumin administration on the Al group at two months of age was more effective than on the Al group at one month of age. <b>Conclusion:</b> Nanocurcumin can be a promising candidate protective agent against cerebral cortex changes after aluminium administration.
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Ali AA, Khalil MG, Abd El-Latif DM, Okda T, Abdelaziz AI, Abu-Elfotuh K, Kamal MM, Wahid A. The influence of vinpocetine alone or in combination with Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Coenzyme COQ10, Vitamin E and Selenium as a potential neuroprotective combination against aluminium-induced Alzheimer's disease in Wistar Albino Rats. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 98:104557. [PMID: 34706318 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of such diseases that represent the most prominent cause of dementia in elderly people. To explore the possible neuroprotective effect as well as mechanism of action of Vinpocetine either alone or in combination with EGCG, CoQ10, or VE & Se in ameliorating aluminum chloride-induced AD in rats. Rats were received AlCl3 (70 mg/kg) intraperitoneal daily dose for 30 days along with EGCG (10 mg/kg, I.P), CoQ10 (200 mg/kg, P.O), VE (100 mg/kg, P.O) & Se (1 mg/kg, P.O) as well as Vinpocetine (20 mg/kg, P.O) either alone or in combination. Results revealed that the combination of Vinpocetine with EGCG showed the best neuroprotection. This protection in the brain was indicated by the significant decrease in Aβ and ACHE. The same pattern of results were shown in the levels of monoamines and BDNF. In addition, the combination of Vinpocetine with EGCG showed more pronounced anti-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β) and antioxidant (MDA, SOD, TAC) effects in comparison to other combinations. These results were confirmed using histopathological examinations as well as DNA fragmentation assays. Vinpocetine with EGCG showed pronounced protection on neurons against AD induced by AlCl3 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Abd El-Latif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Okda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Aya I Abdelaziz
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Egypt
| | - Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Kamal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
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Gayathri S, Chandrashekar H R, Fayaz S M. Phytotherapeutics Against Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanism, Molecular Targets and Challenges for Drug Development. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:409-426. [PMID: 34544351 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210920120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is inflating worldwide and is combatted by only a few approved drugs. At best, these drugs treat symptomatic conditions by targeting cholinesterase and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Most of the clinical trials in progress are focused to develop disease-modifying agents that aim single targets. The 'one drug-one target' approach is failing in the case of Alzheimer's disease due to its labyrinth etiopathogenesis. Traditional medicinal systems like ayurveda uses a holistic approach encompassing legion of medicinal plants exhibiting multimodal activity. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have catapulted the research in the arena of ayurveda, specifically in identifying plants with potent anti-Alzheimer's disease properties and their phytochemical characterization. Nonetheless, clinical trials of very few herbal medicines are in progress. This review is a compendium of Indian plants and ayurvedic medicines against Alzheimer's disease and their paraphernalia. A record of 230 plants that are found in India with anti-Alzheimer's disease potential and about 500 phytochemicals from medicinal plants has been solicited with the hope of exploring the unexplored. Further, the molecular targets of phytochemicals isolated from commonly used medicinal plants such as Acorus calamus, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera have been reviewed with respect to their multidimensional property such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aggregation, synaptic plasticity modulation, cognition and memory enhancing activity. In addition, the strengths, and challenges in ayurvedic medicine that limit its use as mainstream therapy is discussed and a framework for the development of herbal medicine has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar H
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Fayaz S M
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
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Gregory J, Vengalasetti YV, Bredesen DE, Rao RV. Neuroprotective Herbs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040543. [PMID: 33917843 PMCID: PMC8068256 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background—Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, personality changes, and a decline in cognitive function. While the exact cause of AD is still unclear, recent studies point to lifestyle, diet, environmental, and genetic factors as contributors to disease progression. The pharmaceutical approaches developed to date do not alter disease progression. More than two hundred promising drug candidates have failed clinical trials in the past decade, suggesting that the disease and its causes may be highly complex. Medicinal plants and herbal remedies are now gaining more interest as complementary and alternative interventions and are a valuable source for developing drug candidates for AD. Indeed, several scientific studies have described the use of various medicinal plants and their principal phytochemicals for the treatment of AD. This article reviews a subset of herbs for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cognitive-enhancing effects. Methods—This article systematically reviews recent studies that have investigated the role of neuroprotective herbs and their bioactive compounds for dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease and pre-Alzheimer’s disease. PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases of articles were collected, and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter. Conclusions—Medicinal plants have great potential as part of an overall program in the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline associated with AD. It is hoped that these medicinal plants can be used in drug discovery programs for identifying safe and efficacious small molecules for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gregory
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
| | | | - Dale E. Bredesen
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Correspondence: (D.E.B.); (R.V.R.)
| | - Rammohan V. Rao
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
- California College of Ayurveda, 700 Zion Street, Nevada City, CA 95959, USA
- Correspondence: (D.E.B.); (R.V.R.)
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14
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Molecular mechanisms of aluminum neurotoxicity: Update on adverse effects and therapeutic strategies. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2021; 5:1-34. [PMID: 34263089 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Sørnes EØ, Risal A, Manandhar K, Thomas H, Steiner TJ, Linde M. Use of medicinal plants for headache, and their potential implication in medication-overuse headache: Evidence from a population-based study in Nepal. Cephalalgia 2021; 41:561-581. [PMID: 33435708 PMCID: PMC8047708 DOI: 10.1177/0333102420970904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background In Nepal, traditional treatment using medicinal plants is popular. Whereas
medication-overuse headache is, by definition, caused by excessive use of
acute headache medication, we hypothesized that medicinal plants, being
pharmacologically active, were as likely a cause. Methods We used data from a cross-sectional, nationwide population-based study, which
enquired into headache and use of medicinal plants and allopathic
medications. We searched the literature for pharmacodynamic actions of the
medicinal plants. Results Of 2100 participants, 1794 (85.4%) reported headache in the preceding year;
161 (7.7%) reported headache on ≥15 days/month, of whom 28 (17.4%) had used
medicinal plants and 117 (72.7%) allopathic medication(s). Of 46 with
probable medication-overuse headache, 87.0% (40/46) were using allopathic
medication(s) and 13.0% (6/46) medicinal plants, a ratio of 6.7:1, higher
than the overall ratio among those with headache of 4.9:1 (912/185). Of 60
plant species identified, 49 were pharmacodynamically active on the central
nervous system, with various effects of likely relevance in
medication-overuse headache causation. Conclusions MPs are potentially a cause of medication-overuse headache, and not to be
seen as innocent in this regard. Numbers presumptively affected in Nepal are
low but not negligible. This pioneering project provides a starting point
for further research to provide needed guidance on use of medicinal plants
for headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Øien Sørnes
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ajay Risal
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.,Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Kedar Manandhar
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.,Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Hallie Thomas
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy J Steiner
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mattias Linde
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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16
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Ghai R, Nagarajan K, Arora M, Grover P, Ali N, Kapoor G. Current Strategies and Novel Drug Approaches for Alzheimer Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:676-690. [PMID: 32679025 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200717091513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a chronic, devastating dysfunction of neurons in the brain leading to dementia. It mainly arises due to neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus area of the brain and is clinically manifested as a progressive mental failure, disordered cognitive functions, personality changes, reduced verbal fluency and impairment of speech. The pathology behind AD is the formation of intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, deposition of amyloid plaque and decline in choline acetyltransferase and loss of cholinergic neurons. Tragically, the disease cannot be cured, but its progression can be halted. Various cholinesterase inhibitors available in the market like Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, etc. are being used to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The paper's objective is to throw light not only on the cellular/genetic basis of the disease, but also on the current trends and various strategies of treatment including the use of phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Enormous literature survey was conducted and published articles of PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials.org and Alzheimer Association reports were studied intensively to consolidate the information on the strategies available to combat Alzheimer's disease. Currently, several strategies are being investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta plaques, tau protein and neural pathways are undergoing clinical trials. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotide methodologies are being approached as therapies for its management. Phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are also gaining attention in overcoming the symptoms related to AD. The present review article concludes that novel and traditional therapies simultaneously promise future hope for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Ghai
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- University of Pittsburgh, 3459, Fifth Ave, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Nazakat Ali
- Dabur Research Foundation, Plot-22, Site-4, Industrial area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, UP-201010, India
| | - Garima Kapoor
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
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Mehla J, Gupta P, Pahuja M, Diwan D, Diksha D. Indian Medicinal Herbs and Formulations for Alzheimer's Disease, from Traditional Knowledge to Scientific Assessment. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120964. [PMID: 33321899 PMCID: PMC7764187 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, associated with ageing, stress, hypertension and various neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease and epilepsy, is a major health issue. The present review focuses on Alzheimer's disease (AD), since it is the most important cause of cognitive impairment. It is characterized by progressive memory loss, language deficits, depression, agitation, mood disturbances and psychosis. Although the hallmarks of AD are cholinergic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangle formation, it is also associated with derangement of other neurotransmitters, elevated levels of advanced glycation end products, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, genetic and environmental factors. On one hand, this complex etiopathology makes a response to commonly used drugs such as donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and memantine less predictable and often unsatisfactory. On the other hand, it supports the use of herbal medicines due to their nonspecific antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and specific cholinesterase inhibitory activity. The popularity of herbal medicines is also increasing due to their perceived effectiveness, safety and affordability. In the present article, the experimental and clinical evidence have been reviewed for various Indian herbal medicines such as Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa, Clitoria ternatea, Withania somnifera, Celastrus paniculatus, Evolvulus alsinoides, Desmodium gangeticum, Eclipta alba, Moringa oleifera and Convolvulus pluricaulis, which have shown potential in cognitive impairment. Some commonly available herbal formulations for memory impairment in India have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Mehla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Monika Pahuja
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Deepti Diwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Diksha Diksha
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
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18
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Uddin MJ, Zidorn C. Traditional Herbal Medicines Against CNS Disorders from Bangladesh. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:377-410. [PMID: 33057963 PMCID: PMC7648845 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the population in Bangladesh uses traditional plant-based medicines to manage various ailments, including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review presents ethnobotanical information and relevant scientific studies on plants used in traditional healthcare for the management of various CNS disorders in Bangladesh. The information on the medicinal plants of Bangladesh effective against CNS disorders published in scientific journals, books, and reports was compiled from different electronic databases using specific key words. The present article provides comprehensive information on a total of 224 medicinal plant species belonging to 81 families used for the treatment of CNS disorders by the various peoples of Bangladesh. In total, we reviewed more than 290 relevant papers. In this study, leaves were found as the most often used plant organ, followed by roots, fruits, whole plants, barks, seeds, stems, rhizomes, and flowers. The Fabaceae family contributes the highest number of used species, followed by Rubiaceae, Lamiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Vitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, and Zingiberaceae. The most frequently used species (in decreasing order) are Asparagus racemosus, Centella asiatica, Stephania japonica, Aegle marmelos, Coccinia grandis, Tabernaemontana divaricata, Bacopa monnieri, Abroma augusta, and Scoparia dulcis. This review may serve as a starting point for a rational search for neuroactive natural products against CNS disorders within the Flora of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Josim Uddin
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318 Bangladesh
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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19
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Li S, Zhang Q, Ding Y, Wang X, Liu P. Flavonoids ameliorate aluminum chloride-induced learning and memory impairments via suppression of apoptosis and oxidative stress in rats. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 212:111252. [PMID: 32950828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study was to investigate the effects of flavonoids (rutin, puerarin, and silymarin) on learning and memory function in rats exposed to aluminum chloride (AlCl3). Wistar rats were administered flavonoids at a dose of 100 mg/(kg·bw)/day or 200 mg/(kg·bw)/day after exposed to 281.40 mg/(kg·bw)/day AlCl3·6H2O. The results of Morris water maze suggested that rutin and puerarin increased the frequency of crossing the platform and swimming time spent in the target quadrant of AlCl3-induced rats significantly. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay indicated that three flavonoids could alleviate apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by AlCl3. Real time-PCR and western blot suggested that rutin, puerarin and 100 mg/(kg·bw)/day silymarin could decrease the AlCl3-induced high expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) mRNA and protein in hippocampus, but the expression of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA and protein was not significantly different among groups. Flavonoids could up regulate the low expression of autophagy related proteins (Beclin 1 (Bcl-2-interacting protein with a coiled-coil domain 1) and LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3)) caused by AlCl3 exposure. Flavonoids could also adjust the change in adenosine triphosphatase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde induced by intake of AlCl3. The results of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) suggested that flavonoids could effectively reduce the high Al level in brain and serum of AlCl3 exposed rats. In conclusion, three flavonoids may improve learning and memory function by inhibiting excessive apoptosis and oxidative stress in AlCl3 exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Li
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qiongyao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yun Ding
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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20
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Abou Baker DH, Ibrahim BMM, Hassan NS, Yousuf AF, Gengaihi SE. Exploiting Citrus aurantium seeds and their secondary metabolites in the management of Alzheimer disease. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:723-729. [PMID: 32551234 PMCID: PMC7289753 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit by-products are considered nature’s golden gift for human health and a good starting point to discover new drugs depending on the fact that they contain millions of bio-active compounds that are responsible for therapeutic activities. In this context, the main goal of this study is to recycle Citrus aurantium (C. aurantium) seeds to produce pharmaceutical molecules to be used in the prevention of the progressive neurological damage associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). Donepezil (0.75 mg/kg), hesperidin (125 and 250 mg/kg) and limonoids (50 and 100 mg/kg) were used for treatment of rats for 2 weeks prior to concomitant administration of AlCl3 for three successive weeks. Protection against cognitive deterioration was observed among study group with insignificant difference from normal control group and significant difference from positive control group in the Y-Maze test. On the other hand, treatment with both doses of hesperidin (125 and 250 mg/kg) and high dose of limonoids only (100 mg/kg) produced improvement in psychological state, observed by significant increase in ambulation frequency in comparison to positive control group, however it was not as frequent as normal group, as it was significantly less than normal group in the open field test. Regarding acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and beta-amyloid (β amyloid) levels, the effect of limonoids low dose was the best as it didn’t have a significant effect when compared to normal control, also hesperidin in both doses showed insignificant effects on β amyloid levels when compared to normal control group. Our results encourage the use of C. aurantium seeds which are wasted in huge amounts, as Alzheimer prophylactic food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha H Abou Baker
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department. National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza. PO 12622, Egypt
| | - Bassant M M Ibrahim
- Pharmacology Department. Medical Research Division. National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, PO 12622, Egypt
| | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department. Medical Research Division. National Research Centre, Cairo, PO 12622, Egypt
| | - A F Yousuf
- Physiology Department. Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Souad El Gengaihi
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department. National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza. PO 12622, Egypt
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Hrichi S, Chaabane-Banaoues R, Giuffrida D, Mangraviti D, Oulad El Majdoub Y, Rigano F, Mondello L, Babba H, Mighri Z, Cacciola F. Effect of seasonal variation on the chemical composition and antioxidant and antifungal activities of Convolvulus althaeoides L. leaf extracts. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Wahid M, Ali A, Saqib F, Aleem A, Bibi S, Afzal K, Ali A, Baig A, Khan SA, Bin Asad MHH. Pharmacological exploration of traditional plants for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3089-3112. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muqeet Wahid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Anam Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Aleem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Bibi
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Khurram Afzal
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Atif Ali
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department of Biotechnology COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology Kazan Federal University Kazan Russia
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Balkrishna A, Thakur P, Varshney A. Phytochemical Profile, Pharmacological Attributes and Medicinal Properties of Convolvulus prostratus - A Cognitive Enhancer Herb for the Management of Neurodegenerative Etiologies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:171. [PMID: 32194410 PMCID: PMC7063970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., a nootropic herb used in traditional medicinal systems, is also frequently known by its taxonomic synonym Convolvulus pluricaulis. In Indian medicinal system - Ayurveda - it is named as Shankhpushpi. According to the ancient literature, this herb has been attributed with several therapeutic properties, such as anxiolytic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and cardioprotective activities. This medicinal herb has been reported to contain many bioactive phytoconstituents, such as, alkaloid (convolamine), flavonoid (kaempferol) and phenolics (scopoletin, β-sitosterol and ceryl alcohol), that have been ascribed to the observed medicinal properties. Several research teams across the globe have highlighted the neuro-pharmacological profile of C. prostratus, wherein, the neuroprotective, nootropic and neuro-modulatory roles have been described. Besides, role of C. prostratus extracts in neurodegeneration has been well demonstrated. Despite of such elaborative preclinical pharmacological profile, detailed clinical investigations and mechanistic mode-of-action studies of this important herb are yet to be executed. The present review is attempted to showcase the phytochemical profile, pharmacological attributes and medicinal information of C. prostratus; with comprehensive research gap analysis. It is hoped that the scientific update on the ethnomedicinal aspects of this herb would thrive research propagation and development of the CNS phytopharmaceuticals, originated from C. prostratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
| | - Pallavi Thakur
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
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Witter S, Samoson A, Vilu R, Witter R. Screening of Nutraceuticals and Plant Extracts for Inhibition of Amyloid-β Fibrillation. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:1003-1012. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Witter
- School of Information Technologies, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ago Samoson
- School of Information Technologies, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Raivo Vilu
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technology (TFTAK), Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Raiker Witter
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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25
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Salehi B, Krochmal‐Marczak B, Skiba D, Patra JK, Das SK, Das G, Popović‐Djordjević JB, Kostić AŽ, Anil Kumar NV, Tripathi A, Al‐Snafi AE, Arserim‐Uçar DK, Konovalov DA, Csupor D, Shukla I, Azmi L, Mishra AP, Sharifi‐Rad J, Sawicka B, Martins N, Taheri Y, Fokou PVT, Capasso R, Martorell M. Convolvulus
plant—A comprehensive review from phytochemical composition to pharmacy. Phytother Res 2019; 34:315-328. [PMID: 31713286 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineBam University of Medical Sciences Bam Iran
| | - Barbara Krochmal‐Marczak
- Department of Production and Food SafetyThe State Higher Vocational School name Stanisław Pigonia in Krosno Krosno Poland
| | - Dominika Skiba
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Sciences, Faculty of AgrobioengeenieringUniversity of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged ScienceDongguk University‐Seoul Goyangsi Republic of Korea
| | - Swagat Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and TechnologyBPUT Bhubaneswar Odisha India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged ScienceDongguk University‐Seoul Goyangsi Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Ayushi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Ali Esmail Al‐Snafi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineUniversity of Thiqar Nasiriyah Iraq
| | | | - Dmitry Alekseevich Konovalov
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, A Branch of Volgograd State Medical UniversityMinistry of Health of Russian Federation Pyatigorsk Russia
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of PharmacognosyUniversity of Szeged Szeged Hungary
| | - Ila Shukla
- CSIR‐SRF, Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology DivisionCSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Lubna Azmi
- DST‐INSPIRE SRF, Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute, in collaboration with Department of ChemistryUniversity of Lucknow Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryHemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal Uttarakhand India
| | - Javad Sharifi‐Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research CenterZabol University of Medical Sciences Zabol Iran
| | - Barbara Sawicka
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Sciences, Faculty of AgrobioengeenieringUniversity of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S)University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico II Portici Italy
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity Concepcion Concepcion VIII‐Bio Bio Region Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDTUniversidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
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Zahrani YAA, Sattar MAAA, Alharthi SE, Alkreathy HM. Neuroprotective Role of Vitamin D3 Against Insulin Resistance and Diabetic Induced Memory Dysfunction in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.724.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Physical & mental activities enhance the neuroprotective effect of vinpocetine & coenzyme Q10 combination against Alzheimer & bone remodeling in rats. Life Sci 2019; 229:21-35. [PMID: 31063734 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline of cognitive abilities as well as bone loss. Physical and mental activities maintain cognitive functions as well as increase bone mass by inhibiting bone resorption. VIN and CoQ10 are neuroprotective drugs that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. AIMS To study the effect of PH&M on enhancing the neuroprotective role of VIN and CoQ10 combination during induction of AD model in rats besides their role against bone mass loss associated with AD model. MAIN METHODS Six groups of rats were received saline, AlCl3, and PH&M daily either alone or with a combination of VIN and CoQ10 for 4 weeks. Various biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the extent of brain damage such as ACHE, β-secretase, chitinase, Aβ, tau protein, and monoamines besides the inflammatory and antioxidant parameters. Serum levels of minerals as well as 25-OHD, PTH, RANKL, and OPG levels were measured to detect the extent of bone impairment. Also, histopathological changes were evaluated in different brain regions and hind paw. KEY FINDINGS VIN and CoQ10 combination together with PH&M significantly attenuated the neurodegeneration induced by AlCl3 administration through the improvement of AD markers in brain tissue as well as oxidant and inflammatory markers. Bone resorption markers, serum minerals, and PTH levels were also normalized too. SIGNIFICANCE Neuroprotective drugs together with PH&M have a more protective effect against AD and bone loss rather than PH&M alone.
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Sadek KM, Lebda MA, Abouzed TK. The possible neuroprotective effects of melatonin in aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity via antioxidant pathway and Nrf2 signaling apart from metal chelation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9174-9183. [PMID: 30719664 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) had well-identified adverse influences on the nervous system mainly through the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin works as an antioxidant through the inhibition of ROS and attenuating peroxidation of lipids. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a pivotal transcription factor which controls the transcription of antioxidant enzymes. This study was conducted to determine the potential neuroprophylactic impacts of melatonin in aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-initiated neurotoxicity including potential mechanism(s) of action and relevant signaling in rats. Thirty-six male rats were distributed into 4 groups: Control; AlCl3 (50 mg/kg bwt, i.p, 3 times weekly for 3 months); melatonin (5 mg/kg bwt, i.p daily for 2 weeks before AlCl3 and sustained for the next 3 months); and melatonin with AlCl3. Neuronal alterations were histopathologically and biochemically evaluated. The neuronal antioxidant-related genes and relevant Nrf2 protein expression were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The current data showed a substantial increase in brain damage biomarkers, acetylecholinesterase (AchE) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content while the enzymatic antioxidant expression as glutathione-s-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were substantially attenuated in the aluminum-treated group, with cleared histopathological changes as inflammatory cell infiltration with neuronal degeneration. Supplementation of melatonin resulted in an obvious amelioration in all previous abnormal alteration observed in AlCl3-treated rats rather than increased Al burden and/or altered Fe and Cu homeostasis with upregulating both total and phosphorylated Nrf2 expression. Therefore, the study concluded that melatonin has a potential ability to be neuroprophylactic against Al-induced neurotoxic effect and oxidative damage in the rat brain through upregulating and instigating Nrf2 signaling apart from metal chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek K Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-sheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt
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Abbas OA, Ibrahim IG, Ismail AGE. Therapeutic Effects of Nano-HAp in a Rat Model of AlCl 3 Induced Neurotoxicity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:1309-1322. [PMID: 32641941 PMCID: PMC6934970 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With the advance in nanomedicine, the present study was conducted to explore the possible therapeutic role of intravenous nano- hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) in male rats after chronic exposure to aluminum chloride (AlCl3). This exposure interposed DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, alters oxidant/antioxidant status as well as change in content of neurotransmitters. The rats were injected with 100 mg/kg. body weight (b.w.) of AlCl3 intraperitoneally for 90 days, after then nano-HAp was injected intravenously (i.v.) three times per week at a dose level 100 mg/kg b.w. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the treatment with the prepared nano-HAp restrains the damage inflicted on brain modulation by lipid oxidation products and decreased the susceptibility of apoptotic cells death with subsequent repaired the fragmented DNA as well as improved the synthesis of neurotransmitters. The most salient finding of nano-HAp treatment is the disappearance of most pathological changes due to AlCl3 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osma Ahmed Abbas
- Radioisotopes Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
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Gupta GL, Fernandes J. Protective effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis against neuroinflammation associated depressive behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1698-1708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Patel SS, Raghuwanshi R, Masood M, Acharya A, Jain SK. Medicinal plants with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:491-529. [PMID: 29303784 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is characterised by hypofunction of acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter in the distinct region of brain. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that metabolises the ACh at synaptic cleft resulting in Alzheimer's disease. Medicinal plants have been used to treat numerous ailments and improve human health from ancient time. A traditional system of medicine is long recognised for its effective management of neurological disorders. The present review confers the scope of some common medicinal plants with a special focus on AChE-mediated central nervous system complications especially Alzheimer's disease. Literature suggests that medicinal plants reduce neuronal dysfunctions by reducing AChE activity in different brain regions. In some instances, activation of AChE activity by medicinal plants also showed therapeutic potential. In conclusion, medicinal plants have a wide scope and possess therapeutic potential to efficiently manage neurological disorders associated with AChE dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Sharan Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ramsaneh Raghuwanshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Misha Masood
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Rachitha P, Krupashree K, Jayashree G, Kandikattu HK, Amruta N, Gopalan N, Rao M, Khanum F. Chemical composition, antioxidant potential, macromolecule damage and neuroprotective activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis. J Tradit Complement Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.11.002 pmid: 30302329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Garg G, Patil A, Singh J, Kaushik N, Praksah A, Pal A, Chakrabarti A. Pharmacological evaluation of Convolvulus pluricaulis as hypolipidaemic agent in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidaemia in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1572-1580. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP; C. pluricaulis) methanolic extract on Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidaemia in rats.
Methods
The study comprised of six groups namely normal control, experimental control and treatment groups (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of C. pluricaulis, and 65 mg/kg of Fenofibrate). Hyperlipidaemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR-1339 400 mg/kg in rats. Parameters such as lipid profile, oxidative stress, histological analysis and atherogenic index were evaluated. The plant extract was further studied by HPLC and LCMS, for analyses of active phytochemicals.
Key findings
The result of the study showed that C. pluricaulis significantly decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, MDA levels and atherogenic index while the levels of HDL-c and GSH were found to be raised. Plant extract at the dose of 400 mg had a consistent effect on all lipid profile parameters. Lower doses (100 and 200 mg) did not produce a statistically significant reduction in LDL-c. In addition, the protective effect of C. pluricaulis was confirmed by histological analysis. Further, the findings of the study were found to be comparable with fenofibrate.
Conclusions
Therefore, the present study suggests that C. pluricaulis has the potential for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amol Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | | | - Ajay Praksah
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amitava Chakrabarti
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Merino P, Santos-López JA, Mateos CJ, Meseguer I, Garcimartín A, Bastida S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Benedí J, González-Muñoz MJ. Can nonalcoholic beer, silicon and hops reduce the brain damage and behavioral changes induced by aluminum nitrate in young male Wistar rats? Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:784-794. [PMID: 29886234 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum consumption has been associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies suggest that regular beer intake reverses the pro-oxidant and inflammatory statuses induced by aluminum nitrate intoxication. This paper aims to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of non-alcoholic beer (NABeer), silicon or hops, as well as their effect on animal behavior (e.g. curiosity, immobilization, rearing, grooming, swimming) and brain antioxidant enzyme (activity and gene expression) and anti-inflammatory status in aluminum nitrate intoxicated rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: 1) Control, 2) Aluminum nitrate (450 μg/kg/day), 3) Aluminum nitrate plus NABeer, 4) Aluminum nitrate plus hops, and 5) Aluminum nitrate plus silicon. Hops showed the highest in vitro antioxidant capacity and silicon the highest anticholinesterase activity. In the Aluminum group the brain aluminum/silicon ratio increased with impairment of brain antioxidant and inflammatory statuses. NABeer, silicon and hops block the negative effect on the in vivo antioxidant and inflammatory statuses induced by Aluminum nitrate and improve swimming and rearing behavioral tests. The various positive results suggest that NABeer is useful as a functional multi-target drink in the prevention of some neurodegenerative events caused by aluminum intoxication. More studies are required to conclude present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Merino
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Santos-López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain(2)
| | - C J Mateos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Meseguer
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Garcimartín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain(2)
| | - S Bastida
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Benedí
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain(2).
| | - M J González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
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Farooqui AA, Farooqui T, Madan A, Ong JHJ, Ong WY. Ayurvedic Medicine for the Treatment of Dementia: Mechanistic Aspects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:2481076. [PMID: 29861767 PMCID: PMC5976976 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2481076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ayurvedic medicine is a personalized system of traditional medicine native to India and the Indian subcontinent. It is based on a holistic view of treatment which promotes and supports equilibrium in different aspects of human life: the body, mind, and soul. Popular Ayurvedic medicinal plants and formulations that are used to slow down brain aging and enhance memory include Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis, Evolvulus alsinoides, and other species), gotu kola (Centella asiatica), and guggulu (Commiphora mukul and related species) and a formulation known as Brāhmī Ghṛita, containing Brahmi, Vacā (Acorus calamus), Kuṣṭha (Saussurea lappa), Shankhpushpi, and Purāṇa Ghṛita (old clarified butter/old ghee). The rationale for the utilization of Ayurvedic medicinal plants has depended mostly on traditional usage, with little scientific data on signal transduction processes, efficacy, and safety. However, in recent years, pharmacological and toxicological studies have begun to be published and receive attention from scientists for verification of their claimed pharmacological and therapeutic effects. The purpose of this review is to outline the molecular mechanisms, signal transduction processes, and sites of action of some Ayurvedic medicinal plants. It is hoped that this description can be further explored with modern scientific methods, to reveal new therapeutic leads and jump-start more studies on the use of Ayurvedic medicine for prevention and treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhlaq A. Farooqui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - Tahira Farooqui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - Anil Madan
- Department of Pathology, Rajshree Medical Research Institute Bareilly, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
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Chemical composition, antioxidant potential, macromolecule damage and neuroprotective activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 8:483-496. [PMID: 30302329 PMCID: PMC6174265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines are known to mitigate radical induced cell damage. Hence identification and scientific validation of herbal medicines contribute to better use in Ayurvedic/Unani research. In the present study, we investigated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of Convolvulus pluricaulis (C. pluricaulis). C. pluricaulis exhibited antioxidant potential evident by free radical scavenging activities. C. pluricaulis pretreatment inhibited H2O2 induced macromolecule damage such as plasmid DNA damage and AAPH induced oxidation of bovine serum albumin and lipid peroxidation of rat hepatic tissues. Further to identify the neuroprotective properties of C. pluricaulis, SHSY5Y cells were treated with H2O2 with or without pretreatment of C. pluricaulis. The C. pluricaulis pretreatment at 50 μg/ml dose exhibited 50% cell survival against 100 μM H2O2 challenge for 24 h and it also decreased the lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Further C. pluricaulis pretreatment restored and regulated the antioxidant and apoptosis markers such as SOD, CAT, p53, and caspase-3 and inhibited, reactive oxygen species generation and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. C. pluricaulis possess a high content of flavonoids and polyphenols and GC-MS and FTIR analysis showed a wide variety of compounds which may contribute to the observed effects.
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37
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Chen GT, Lu Y, Yang M, Li JL, Fan BY. Medicinal uses, pharmacology, and phytochemistry of Convolvulaceae plants with central nervous system efficacies: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:823-864. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Tong Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Nantong University; 19 Qixiu Road Nantong Jiangsu Province 226001 China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Pharmacy; Nantong University; 19 Qixiu Road Nantong Jiangsu Province 226001 China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Nantong University; 19 Qixiu Road Nantong Jiangsu Province 226001 China
| | - Jian-Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy; Nantong University; 19 Qixiu Road Nantong Jiangsu Province 226001 China
| | - Bo-Yi Fan
- School of Pharmacy; Nantong University; 19 Qixiu Road Nantong Jiangsu Province 226001 China
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38
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Borai IH, Ezz MK, Rizk MZ, Aly HF, El-Sherbiny M, Matloub AA, Fouad GI. Therapeutic impact of grape leaves polyphenols on certain biochemical and neurological markers in AlCl 3-induced Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:837-851. [PMID: 28715867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a grave and prevailing neurodegenerative disease, characterized by slow and progressive neurodegeneration in different brain regions. Aluminum (Al) is a potent and widely distributed neurotoxic metal, implicated in the neuropathogenesis of AD. This study aimed to evaluate the possible neurorestorative potential of Vitis vinifera Leaves Polyphenolic (VLP) extract in alleviating aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity in male rats. AlCl3 neurotoxicity induced a significant decrease in brain/serum acetylcholine (ACh) contents and serum dopamine (DA) levels, along with a significant increment of brain/serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. In addition, Al treatment resulted in significantly decreased serum levels of both total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and significantly increased serum levels of both interleukin-6 (IL-6) and total homocysteine (tHcy), as compared to control. Behavioral alterations, assessed by the T-maze test, showed impaired cognitive function. Furthermore, AD-brains revealed an increase in DNA fragmentation as evidenced by comet assay. AlCl3 induction also caused histopathological alterations in AD-brain. Treatment of AD-rats with VLP extract (100mg/kg body weight/day) improved neurobehavioral changes, as evidenced by the improvement in brain function, as well as, modulation of most biochemical markers, and confirmed by T-maze test, the histopathological study of the brain and comet assay. The current work indicates that the VLP extract has neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amnesic activities against AlCl3-induced cerebral damages and neurocognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Borai
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Magda K Ezz
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha Z Rizk
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hanan F Aly
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud El-Sherbiny
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza A Matloub
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ghadha I Fouad
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Benyettou I, Kharoubi O, Hallal N, Benyettou HA, Tair K, Belmokhtar M, Aoues A, Ozaslan M. Aluminium-Induced Behavioral Changes and Oxidative Stress in Developing Rat Brain and the Possible Ameliorating Role of Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2017.106.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Taïr K, Kharoubi O, Taïr OA, Hellal N, Benyettou I, Aoues A. Aluminium-induced acute neurotoxicity in rats: Treatment with aqueous extract of Arthrophytum (Hammada scoparia). JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joad.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Scopolamine-induced greater alterations in neurochemical profile and increased oxidative stress demonstrated a better model of dementia: A comparative study. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:234-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kaur M, Prakash A, Kalia AN. Neuroprotective potential of antioxidant potent fractions fromConvolvulus pluricaulisChois. in 3-nitropropionic acid challenged rats. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 19:70-8. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ekanem PE, Ekanem R, Gaim K. Histological Patterns of Neurodegeneration of Frontal Cortex Neurons in <i>Datura stramonium</i> Treated Wistar Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2016.62009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Meena P, Manral A, Nemaysh V, Saini V, Siraj F, Luthra PM, Tiwari M. Novel insights into multitargeted potential of N′-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)alkylamine derivatives in the management of Alzheimer's disease associated pathogenesis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we investigate some of the key mechanisms behind the multitargeted potential ofN′-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)alkylamine derivatives and their characterization for anti-Alzheimer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Meena
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Dr B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Apra Manral
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Dr B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Vishal Nemaysh
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory
- Dr B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Vikas Saini
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Dr B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Fouzia Siraj
- Department of Histopathology
- National Institute of Pathology
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Delhi-110029
- India
| | - Pratibha Mehta Luthra
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory
- Dr B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Dr B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
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Mohamed FEB, Zaky EA, El-Sayed AB, Elhossieny RM, Zahra SS, Salah Eldin W, Youssef WY, Khaled RA, Youssef AM. Assessment of Hair Aluminum, Lead, and Mercury in a Sample of Autistic Egyptian Children: Environmental Risk Factors of Heavy Metals in Autism. Behav Neurol 2015; 2015:545674. [PMID: 26508811 PMCID: PMC4609793 DOI: 10.1155/2015/545674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The etiological factors involved in the etiology of autism remain elusive and controversial, but both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. The aim of this study was to assess the levels and possible environmental risk factors and sources of exposure to mercury, lead, and aluminum in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to their matched controls. METHODS One hundred ASD children were studied in comparison to 100 controls. All participants were subjected to clinical evaluation and measurement of mercury, lead, and aluminum through hair analysis which reflects past exposure. RESULTS The mean Levels of mercury, lead, and aluminum in hair of the autistic patients were significantly higher than controls. Mercury, lead, and aluminum levels were positively correlated with maternal fish consumptions, living nearby gasoline stations, and the usage of aluminum pans, respectively. CONCLUSION Levels of mercury, lead, and aluminum in the hair of autistic children are higher than controls. Environmental exposure to these toxic heavy metals, at key times in development, may play a causal role in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman Ahmed Zaky
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Sally Soliman Zahra
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Malik J, Choudhary S, Kumar P. Protective effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis standardized extract and its fractions against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1448-1457. [PMID: 25853968 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.984856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois. (Convolvulaceae), a well-known Ayurvedic "Medhya Rasayana" (nervine tonic), is extensively used for different central nervous system (CNS) disorders. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of standardized hydro-methanol extract of C. pluricaulis (CPE) and its fractions, namely ethyl acetate (EAE), butanol (BE), and aqueous (AE), against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced neurotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract of the whole plant was standardized on the basis of scopoletin content (0.014%) using thin layer chromatography densitometric analysis. CPE (100 and 200 mg/kg) and its fractions, namely EAE (15 and 30 mg/kg), BE (25 and 50 mg/kg), and AE (50 and 100 mg/kg) were administered orally for 20 d. Their protective effect against 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p. for 14 d) was assessed by the effect on various behavioral parameters, namely body weight, locomotor activity, grip strength, gait pattern, and the effect on cognitive dysfunction. Biochemical parameters for oxidative damage were also assessed in the striatum and cortex regions of the brain. RESULTS Administration of 3-NP induced HD-like symptoms that were indicated by reduced body weight, locomotor activity, memory, grip strength, and oxidative defense. CPE (200 mg/kg), EAE (30 mg/kg), and BE (50 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated 3-NP induced reduction in locomotor activity, grip strength, memory, body weight, and oxidative defense in comparison with 3-NP-treated animals on 10 and 15 d. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that CPE has a protective action against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity and can be further explored for its efficacy against Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Malik
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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John J, Nampoothiri M, Kumar N, Mudgal J, Nampurath GK, Chamallamudi MR. Sesamol, a lipid lowering agent, ameliorates aluminium chloride induced behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:327-36. [PMID: 25829772 PMCID: PMC4378131 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sesame oil from the seeds of Sesamum indicum Linn. (Pedaliaceae) has been used traditionally in Indian medical practice of Ayurveda in the treatment of central nervous system disorders and insomnia. A few published reports favor the anti-dementia effect of sesamol (SML), an active constituent of sesame oil. Objective: Thus, the present study was aimed to explore the anti-dementia effect and possible mechanism (s) of SML in aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced cognitive dysfunction model in rodents with special emphasis on memory centers viz., hippocampus and frontal cortex. Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed to AlCl3 (175 mg/kg p.o.) for 60 days. SML (10 and 20 mg/kg) and rivastigmine (1 mg/kg) were administered orally 45 min before administration of AlCl3 for 60 days. Spatial memory was assessed using Morris water maze test. After 60 days of treatment animals were sacrificed, hippocampus and frontal cortex were collected and analyzed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level, antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione, catalase), lipid peroxidation, and nitrite level. The circulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were also analyzed. Results: SML significantly prevented behavioral impairments in aluminium-exposed rats. Treatment with SML reversed the increased cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL while raised the HDL levels. SML significantly corrected the effect of AlCl3 on AChE activity. Further, SML reversed the elevated nitric oxide, TNF-α and reduced antioxidant enzymes in hippocampus and frontal cortex. Conclusion: The present study suggests the neuro-protection by SML against cognitive dysfunction induced by environmental toxin (AlCl3) in hippocampus and frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy John
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopalan Kutty Nampurath
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Modulatory role of simvastatin against aluminium chloride-induced behavioural and biochemical changes in rats. Behav Neurol 2015; 2015:210169. [PMID: 25802481 PMCID: PMC4329790 DOI: 10.1155/2015/210169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Aluminium, a neurotoxic agent in humans, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we examined the behavioral and biochemical effects of aluminium in rats with special emphasis on memory centres, namely, hippocampus and frontal cortex. Further, the effect of simvastatin treatment on aluminium intoxication was evaluated. Methods. Rats were exposed to aluminium chloride (AlCl3) for 60 days. Simvastatin (10 mg/kg/p.o.) and rivastigmine (1 mg/kg/p.o.) were administered daily prior to AlCl3. Behavioral parameters were assessed using Morris water maze test and actophotometer followed by biochemical investigations, namely, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, TNF-α level, antioxidant enzymes (GSH, catalase), lipid peroxidation, and nitrite level in hippocampus and frontal cortex. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels in serum were also determined. Key Findings. Simvastatin treatment improved cognitive function and locomotor activity in rats. Simvastatin reversed hyperlipidemia and significantly rectified the deleterious effect of AlCl3 on AChE activity. Further, in hippocampus and frontal cortex, aluminium-induced elevation in nitrite and TNF-α and reduction in antioxidant enzymes were inhibited by simvastatin. Conclusion. To conclude, the present study suggests that simvastatin per se protects the neurons in hippocampus and frontal cortex from AlCl3, an environmental toxin.
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Mahmoudi M, Zamani Taghizadeh Rabe S, Zamani Taghizadeh Rabe S, Emami SA. A study to investigate the biological activity of proteoglycan mixture extract from Convolvulus arvensis. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 11:265-272. [PMID: 25324459 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2013-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae), bindweeds, is inhabitant to Iran and its proteoglycan mixture (PGM) has been reported to possess different biological activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate different properties of PGM including anti-tumor, anti-angiogenesis and immunostimulatory activities. METHODS PGM was prepared from the roots of C. arvensis. Various cancer cell lines were treated with PGM and the cytotoxicity was assessed after 24 h of incubation using MTT assay. In addition, J774A.1 macrophages were stimulated with LPS (1 µg/mL) and then with PGM. Then, production of nitric oxide (NO) as a marker of inflammation was measured using Griess reagent. Moreover, PGM was subjected to cultivated Leishmania major promastigotes and leishmanicidal activity was determined using MTT assay. More importantly, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured on matrigel basement matrix and tube formation after treatment with PGM was considered microscopically for the determination of angiogenesis. RESULTS Obtained results revealed that PGM significantly inhibited the formation of vascular-like tubes by HUVECs without any effect on their viability. Furthermore, PGM significantly exhibited leishmanicidal activity by the mechanism of suppressing L. major promastigotes developmental growth in vitro. However, PGM was shown to have no effect on the growth of cancer cells and production of NO by LPS-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides some new evidence on remarkable leishmanicidal and anti-angiogenic activities of PGM. These findings also afford the scientific basis for the use of C. arvensis as a candidate medicinal plant for further thoroughly phytochemical investigations toward discovering leishmanicidal and anti-angiogenic compounds.
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Meena P, Manral A, Saini V, Tiwari M. Protective effects of a piperazine derivative [N-{4-[4-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl} carbamic acid ethyl ester] against aluminium-induced neurotoxicity: insights from in silico and in vivo studies. Neurotox Res 2014; 27:314-27. [PMID: 25403519 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic hypothesis associated with Alzheimer's disease has spurred the development of numerous structural classes of compounds with different pharmacological profiles aimed at increasing central cholinergic neurotransmission. In the present study, six synthetic piperazine derivatives D1-D6 were screened for their efficacy as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) through in silico and in vitro studies. Compound D2 was found to be a potential AChEI with adequate pharmacokinetic properties, as supported by in silico study. Further, in vivo studies were designed to examine the protective effect of piperazine derivative D2 (3 and 5 mg/kg for 6 weeks) in ameliorating the alterations induced by aluminium chloride (AlCl(3)) on behavioural and neurochemical indices. Behavioural tests (Morris water maze and elevated plus maze) revealed significant alterations in the short-term memory and anxiety levels in rats treated with AlCl(3), which was further improved after D2 treatment. Further, D2 treatment attenuated the neurotoxic effects of AlCl(3) as shown by the improvement in rats performance in Water maze test and in lowering AChE activity. Besides preventing lipid peroxidation and protein damage, changes in the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (GST, GPx, GR and GSH) associated with AlCl3 administration were also restored upon treatment with D2. Thus, our results support the neuroprotective potential of compound D2, thus validating its use in alleviating toxic effects of aluminium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Meena
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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