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Qasem A, Assaggaf H, Mrabti HN, Minshawi F, Rajab BS, Attar AA, Alyamani RA, Hamed M, Mrabti NN, Baaboua AE, Omari NE, Alshahrani MM, Awadh AAA, Sheikh RA, Ming LC, Goh KW, Bouyahya A. Determination of Chemical Composition and Investigation of Biological Activities of Ocimum basilicum L. Molecules 2023; 28:614. [PMID: 36677672 PMCID: PMC9866482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Ocimum basilicum L., as well as to evaluate the antibacterial, antidiabetic, dermatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties, and the EOs and aqueous extracts of O. basilicum. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against bacterial strains, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, using the well diffusion and microdilution methods, whereas the antidiabetic activity was assessed in vitro using two enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. On the other hand, the dermatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities were studied by testing tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibition activity, respectively. The results showed that the chemical composition of O. basilicum EO (OBEO) is dominated by methyl chavicol (86%) and trans-anethol (8%). OBEO exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, demonstrated by considerable diameters of the inhibition zones and lower MIC and MBC values. In addition, OBEO exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 = 50.51 ± 0.32 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 39.84 ± 1.2 μg/mL). Concerning the anti-inflammatory activity, OBEO significantly inhibited lipoxygenase activity (IC50 = 18.28 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC50 = 24.8 ± 0.01 μg/mL). Moreover, tyrosinase was considerably inhibited by OBEO (IC50 = 68.58 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC50 = 118.37 ± 0.05 μg/mL). The toxicological investigations revealed the safety of O. basilicum in acute and chronic toxicity. The finding of in silico analysis showed that methyl chavicol and trans-anethole (main compounds of OBEO) validate the pharmacokinetics of these compounds and decipher some antibacterial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Qasem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratoires TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, B.P. 8359006 Lille, France
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bodour S. Rajab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar A. Attar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema A. Alyamani
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidal Naceiri Mrabti
- Engineering Materials, Modeling and Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek-Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan Adnan Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
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Nallamuthu I, Jain A, Anand T. Comparative evaluation of
Brassica oleracea
,
Ocimum basilicum
, and
Moringa oleifera
leaf extracts on lipase inhibition and adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14158. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology (NBT) Division Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO‐DFRL) Mysore India
| | - Abhinav Jain
- Department of Food Technology and Management National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Sonepat India
| | - Tamatam Anand
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology (NBT) Division Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO‐DFRL) Mysore India
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Arya A, Kumar S, Paul R, Suryavanshi A, Kain D, Sahoo RN. Ethnopharmacological survey of indigenous medicinal plants of Palampur, Himachal Pradesh in north-western Himalaya, India. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Leite PM, Freitas A, Amorim J, Figueiredo RCD, Bertolucci S, Faraco A, Martins M, Carvalho MG, Castilho R. In vitro anticoagulant activity of selected medicinal plants: potential interactions with warfarin and development of new anticoagulants. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:499-510. [PMID: 34273917 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Warfarin is the most widely used anticoagulant in the world, but it has several limitations including its narrow therapeutic range, need for dose adjustment and high potential for interactions. The simultaneous use of other drugs or even medicinal plants and certain foods could interfere with its therapeutic activity. In this context, this study aims to investigate the in vitro anticoagulant potential and phytochemical constitution of 17 plants selected from a previous clinical cross-sectional study (2014), that investigated the habits of plant utilization among patients taking warfarin. METHODS Ethanol extracts and essential oils were evaluated, in vitro, as to their effect in the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests. Four species that presented aPTT >50 s were selected for phytochemical evaluation. RESULTS Thirteen of the 17 plants selected demonstrated a significant anticoagulant effect in at least one of the evaluated parameters. Citrus sinensis (PT=14.75 and aPTT=53.15), Mentha crispa (aPTT=51.25), Mikania laevigata (PT=14.90 and aPTT=52.10), and Nasturtium officinale (aPTT=50.55) showed greater anticoagulant potential compared to normal plasma pool (PT=12.25 and aPTT=37.73). Chemical profiles of these four species were obtained, and certain compounds were identified: rosmarinic acid from M. crispa and isoorientin from N. officinale. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the results of this study could be a useful indicator for clinical practice towards the possibility of interaction between these plants and anticoagulants, although further clinical research is needed taking into consideration the limitations of in vitro studies. These findings also suggest that further research into the action of these plants could be of real clinical value in identifying potential alternative anticoagulant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Freitas
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Faraco
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Martins
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria G Carvalho
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rachel Castilho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Antonescu (Mintas) AI, Miere (Groza) F, Fritea L, Ganea M, Zdrinca M, Dobjanschi L, Antonescu A, Vicas SI, Bodog F, Sindhu RK, Cavalu S. Perspectives on the Combined Effects of Ocimum basilicum and Trifolium pratense Extracts in Terms of Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Effects. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071390. [PMID: 34371593 PMCID: PMC8309466 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the tendency in pharmaceutical and food industries is to replace synthetic antioxidants with the natural ones. For this reason, there is a growing interest in analyzing natural, healthy and non-toxic additives as potential antioxidants. Some plants, which contain high levels of phenolic compounds, present an increasing interest for medicine due to their ability to scavenge free radicals, along with other pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial activity, wound healing and anti-inflammatory effect, to mention only a few. The aim of this review is to explore the therapeutic potential of Ocimum basilicum and Trifolium pratense in relation with their phytochemical profile and to highlight the pharmacological activity of aqueous or ethanol extracts. Special attention was devoted to the dermal pathology and wound healing effects, in the context of multiple skin conditions such as acne, eczema boils, psoriasis and rashes. Additionally, both extracts (Trifolium sp. and Ocimum sp.) are characterized by high content of antioxidant compounds, which are responsible for the radiance and resistance of the skin and slowing down of the aging process by maintaining estrogen levels. Moreover, the potential combined effect of the mixed extract is pointed out in terms of future applications for wound healing, based on some preliminary results obtained from a “scratch tests” assay performed with respect to human dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Ina Antonescu (Mintas)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Doctoral School of Biomedical Science, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Florina Miere (Groza)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Luminita Fritea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Mariana Ganea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Mihaela Zdrinca
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Luciana Dobjanschi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Angela Antonescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Simona Ioana Vicas
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 26 Gen. Magheru Street, 410048 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Florin Bodog
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Rakesh K. Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.Z.); (L.D.); (F.B.); (S.C.)
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In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation for the Inhibitory Action of O. basilicum Methanol Extract on α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5515775. [PMID: 34306136 PMCID: PMC8279857 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5515775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that predominates, nowadays. It causes hyperglycemia and consequently major health complications. Type II diabetes is the most common form and is a result of insulin resistance in the target tissues. To treat this disease, several mechanisms have been proposed. The most direct route is via inhibiting the intestinal enzymes, e.g., α-glucosidase and α-amylase, responsible for intestinal polysaccharide digestion that therefore would reduce the absorption of monosugars through the intestinal walls. In this study, we shed the light on this route by testing the inhibitory effect of Ocimum basilicum extract on the enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro and in silico. Experimental procedures were performed to test the effect of the O. basilicum methanol extract from aerial parts followed by the in silico docking. 500 μg/mL of the extract led to 70.2% ± 8.6 and 25.4% ± 3.3 inhibition on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity, respectively. Similarly, the effect of caffeic acid, a major extract ingredient, was also tested, and it caused 42.7% ± 3.0 and 47.1% ± 4.0 inhibition for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Docking experiments were performed to predict the phytochemicals responsible for this robust inhibitory activity in the O. basilicum extracts. Several compounds have shown variable levels of inhibition, e.g., caffeic acid, pyroglutamic acid, and uvasol. The results indicated that O. basilicum can be a potent antidiabetic drug.
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Basil Polysaccharide Reverses Development of Experimental Model of Sepsis-Induced Secondary Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5596339. [PMID: 34054345 PMCID: PMC8149242 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5596339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basil polysaccharide (BPS) represents a main active ingredient extracted from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), which can regulate secondary bacterial pneumonia development in the process of sepsis-mediated immunosuppression. Methods In this study, a dual model of sepsis-induced secondary pneumonia with cecal ligation and puncture and intratracheal instillation of Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa was constructed. Results The results indicated that BPS-treated mice undergoing CLP showed resistance to secondary S. aureus pneumonia. Compared with the IgG-treated group, BPS-treated mice exhibited better survival rate along with a higher bacterial clearance rate. Additionally, BPS treatment attenuated cell apoptosis, enhanced lymphocyte and macrophage recruitment to the lung, promoted pulmonary cytokine production, and significantly enhanced CC receptor ligand 4 (CCL4). Notably, recombinant CCL4 protein could enhance the protective effect on S. aureus-induced secondary pulmonary infection of septic mice, which indicated that BPS-induced CCL4 partially mediated resistance to secondary bacterial pneumonia. In addition, BPS priming markedly promoted the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages while killing S. aureus in vitro, which was related to the enhanced p38MAPK signal transduction pathway activation. Moreover, BPS also played a protective role in sepsis-induced secondary S. aureus pneumonia by inducing Treg cell differentiation. Conclusions Collectively, these results shed novel lights on the BPS treatment mechanism in sepsis-induced secondary S. aureus pneumonia in mice.
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Miao Q, Zhao L, Wang Y, Hao F, Sun P, He P, Liu Y, Huang J, Liu X, Liu X, Deng G, Li H, Li L, Tang Y, Wang L, Feng M, Jia W. Microbial metabolomics and network analysis reveal fungistatic effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil on Candida albicans. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:113002. [PMID: 32502652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fungal infections remain a serious problem worldwide that require effective therapeutic strategies. Essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L., BEO) being traditionally used extensively for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infection has a long history. However, the potential mechanism of action was still obscure, especially from the metabolic perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fungistatic effect of BEO on Candida albicans (C. albicans) was evaluated by measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and morphological analysis. A high-coverage microbial metabolomics approach was utilized to identify the alterations of intracellular metabolites of C. albicans at mid-logarithmic growth phase in response to the subinhibitory concentration of BEO, by using gas chromatography coupled to time-of-fight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). Following the metabolic fingerprinting, systematic network analysis was performed to illustrate the potential mechanism of BEO involved in the suppression of C. albicans. RESULTS The damage in cellular membranes of C. albicans treated by BEO above MIC was observed on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. Metabolomics results showed that, among 140 intracellular metabolites identified by comparison with reference standards, thirty-four had significantly changed abundances under 0.2 MIC of BEO treatment, mainly involving in central carbon metabolism (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle), amino acids, polyamines and lipids metabolism. Pathway and network analyses further found that fifteen ingredients of BEO mainly terpenoids and phenyl-propanoids, potentially participated in the metabolic regulation and may be responsible for the suppression of C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlighted that integrated microbial metabolomics and network analyses could provide a methodological support in understanding the functional mechanisms of natural antimicrobial agents and contribute to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiandan Miao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Linjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fangjia Hao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peng He
- Minghang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiashuai Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xijian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guoying Deng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hongsen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lingai Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yingao Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Department, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Minghang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ibrahim RS, Mahrous RSR, Fathy HM, Omar AA, Abu EL-Khair RM. Anticoagulant activity screening of an in-house database of natural compounds for discovering novel selective factor Xa inhibitors; a combined in silico and in vitro approach. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Zhan Y, An X, Wang S, Sun M, Zhou H. Basil polysaccharides: A review on extraction, bioactivities and pharmacological applications. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115179. [PMID: 31740199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine has been widely used in China and is regarded as the most commonly used treatment. As a natural plant used in traditional Chinese Medicine, Basil has various functions associated with a number of its components. There are many compositions in basil including polysaccharides, naphtha, steroids, flavone, coumarins, vitamins, and so on. Among these, polysaccharides play a significant role in based therapeutics. The article summarizes that basil polysaccharides have a lot of biological activities and pharmacological applications, such as their antitumor activity, antioxidant activity, anti-aging activity, immunity enhancement effect, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects, antibacterial effect, treatment of diabetes mellitus, and so on. This review summarized the extraction method, purification method, compositions, pharmacological applications, molecular weight, biological activities, and prospects of basil polysaccharides, providing a basis for further study of basil and basil polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Zhan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Xinin An
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Mengjia Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Honglei Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China.
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Alegría-Herrera E, Herrera-Ruiz M, Román-Ramos R, Zamilpa A, Santillán-Urquiza MA, Aguilar MI, Avilés-Flores M, Fuentes-Mata M, Jiménez-Ferrer E. Effect of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum selloi, and Rosmarinic Acid on Cerebral Vascular Damage in a Chronic Hypertension Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:201-211. [PMID: 30713252 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of treatment against hypertension is not only to reduce blood pressure levels, but also to reduce vascular risk in general. In the present work, administering angiotensin II (AGII; 0.2 µg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 12 weeks) activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which caused an increase in corticosterone levels, as well as in proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) and macrophage chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)). On observing the behavior in the different models, an anxiogenic effect (elevated plus maze (EPM)) and cognitive impairment (water Morris maze (WMM)) was observed in animals with AGII. By administering organic extracts from Ocimum basilicum (Oba-EtOAc) and Ocimum selloi (Ose-EtOAc), and some doses of rosmarinic acid (RA) (6 weeks per os (p.o.)), the damage caused by AGII was stopped by re-establishing corticosterone serum levels and by decreasing the proinflammatory cytokines and MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elian Alegría-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
| | - Maribel Herrera-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Rubén Román-Ramos
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | | | - María Isabel Aguilar
- Laboratorio 111, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Guzman E, Molina J. The predictive utility of the plant phylogeny in identifying sources of cardiovascular drugs. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:154-164. [PMID: 29486635 PMCID: PMC6130559 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1444642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally, responsible for over 17 million (31%) deaths in the world. Novel pharmacological interventions may be needed given the high prevalence of CVD. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to find potential new sources of cardiovascular (CV) drugs from phylogenetic and pharmacological analyses of plant species that have experimental and traditional CV applications in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of these plant species and mapped their pharmacological mechanisms of action on the phylogeny. RESULTS Out of 139 plant species in 71 plant families, seven plant families with 45 species emerged as phylogenetically important exhibiting common CV mechanisms of action within the family, as would be expected given their common ancestry: Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae and Zingiberaceae. Apiaceae and Brassicaceae promoted diuresis and hypotension; Fabaceae and Lamiaceae had anticoagulant/thrombolytic effects; Apiaceae and Zingiberaceae were calcium channel blockers. Moreover, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae and Zingiberaceae species were found to possess anti-atherosclerotic properties. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The phylogeny identified certain plant families with disproportionately more species, highlighting their importance as sources of natural products for CV drug discovery. Though there were some species that did not show the same mechanism within the family, the phylogeny predicts that these species may contain undiscovered phytochemistry, and potentially, the same bioactivity. Evolutionary pharmacology, as applied here, may guide and expedite our efforts in discovering sources of new CV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Guzman
- Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jeanmaire Molina
- Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Sestili P, Ismail T, Calcabrini C, Guescini M, Catanzaro E, Turrini E, Layla A, Akhtar S, Fimognari C. The potential effects of Ocimum basilicum on health: a review of pharmacological and toxicological studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:679-692. [PMID: 29865879 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1484450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basil (Ocimum basilicum L., OB) is a plant world widely used as a spice and a typical ingredient of the healthy Mediterranean diet. In traditional medicine, OB is indicated for many maladies and conditions; OB-containing nutritional supplements are increasingly sold. Conversely, safety concerns have been raised about the promutagens and procarcinogens alkenylbenzenes contained in OB. Areas covered: A critical review of the current status of OB as a nutraceutical, the pharmacology of its bioactive components, the rationale for its indications, and its safety. Expert opinion: Due to the polyphenolic and flavonoidic content, OB can be considered as an important ingredient in healthy diets; OB preparations may be effective as chemopreventive agents or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of different clinical conditions. From a toxicological perspective, since the tumorigenic potential of alkenylbenzenes is counteracted by other OB constituents such as nevadensin, it can be concluded that OB consumption in food and preparations is safe. The only concern relates to OB essential oils: in this case, a concentration limit for alkenylbenzenes should be precautionary defined, and the use of plant chemotypes with no or low levels of these alkylbenzenes for the preparation of essential oils should be made compulsory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Sestili
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino Carlo Bo , Urbino (PU) , Italy
| | - Tariq Ismail
- b Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino Carlo Bo , Urbino (PU) , Italy
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
| | - Anam Layla
- b Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- b Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- c Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini (RN) , Italy
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Hashempur MH, Khademi F, Rahmanifard M, Zarshenas MM. An Evidence-Based Study on Medicinal Plants for Hemorrhoids in Medieval Persia. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:969-981. [PMID: 29228790 PMCID: PMC5871264 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216688597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhoids is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. There are several therapeutic options associated with some complications. Therefore, researchers look for traditional medicines as a potential resource for introduction of new natural drugs. The current study reports an evidence-based review of herbal remedies for hemorrhoids in traditional Persian medicine. A comprehensive survey about hemorrhoids on the most important manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine was done. Then, scientific data banks were searched for possible related properties of each herb in the conventional medicine. We reported some historical aspects of traditional Persian medicine view on classification, examination, and predisposing factors of hemorrhoids. In addition, we have reported 105 medicinal plants belonging to 51 families. More than half of the reported herbs exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Although lack of human studies regarding the mentioned herbs is noted, positive results from experimental findings can be considered for new drug discovery supported by traditional and medieval experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Essence of Parsiyan Wisdom Institute, Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plant Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khademi
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahmanifard
- Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zarshenas MM, Jamshidi S, Zargaran A. Cardiovascular aspects of geriatric medicines in traditional Persian medicine; a review of phytochemistry and pharmacology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1182-1189. [PMID: 26964479 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geriatrics are a group of patients over 65 years and with multiple comorbidities and different functional impairments. Apart from decline in body mass, presence of exhaustion and general fatigue, an aged person may also suffer from various disorders. Approximately, around 30% of geriatric subjects have significant cardiovascular ailments. Apart from the intensive management of cardiovascular aspects in elderly, monitoring of the complementary cardiac medicine in those people should be received more attention. PURPOSE There are many management lines for a cardio-geriatric condition in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM). Accordingly, this paper aimed to deal with those medicaments as well as evidence-based clinical aspects and phytochemistry. METHODS By searching through main pharmaceutical manuscripts of Persian medicine during 10th-18th centuries (A.D.), concurrently, natural medicines for geriatrics and remedies for cardiovascular ailments were derived. On the other side, related phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of those remedies were highlighted. RESULTS In all, 38 cardiovascular and 34 geriatric medicaments were found in those manuscripts. Antihyperlipidemic and cholesterol lowering activities of those medicines were the most reported activities in current medicine. However, other pharmacological reports were related to hypotensive, coagulant, cardio-protective and cardiotonic activities. In regard of the chemical composition, medicaments were mainly of polyphenols and flavonoids and also most of the employed extracts and fractions were yielded from polar or semi-polar solvents. CONCLUSION With reference to these findings, flavonoid-rich medicaments from Persian medicine may be selected as considerable herbs for geriatrics with cardiovascular ailments.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/therapeutic use
- Geriatrics/methods
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- History, Medieval
- Humans
- Iran
- Medicine, Traditional/history
- Phytochemicals/pharmacology
- Phytochemicals/therapeutic use
- Phytotherapy/history
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sahar Jamshidi
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arman Zargaran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Office for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Leite PM, Martins MAP, Castilho RO. Review on mechanisms and interactions in concomitant use of herbs and warfarin therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:14-21. [PMID: 27470545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of warfarin, an oral anticoagulant originally derived from a plant, is strongly affected by patient's characteristics such as the age, presence of comorbidities, and concomitant use of another drug. Warfarin has the potential to interact with many drugs, medicinal plants, and food, which increases the risk of adverse events. A critical analysis of scientific literature was conducted to assess the interferences of medicinal plants with blood haemostasis and then with warfarin anticoagulation. We found 58 different plants that may alter the blood haemostasis and anticoagulation with warfarin. The herbs that showed the greatest potential to interact with warfarin include garlic, ginger, ginkgo, St. John's wort, and ginseng, i.e. plants normally consumed as food and also used for therapeutic purposes. The interactions between drugs and herbs are varied because of the complex chemical matrix of plants. Mainly coumarins, quinones, xanthones, terpenes, lignans, and vitamin K showed significant influence on warfarin treatment. In general, these plants can potentiate the effect of warfarin by stimulating anticoagulation in multiple ways, and the clinical outcome associated with this interaction is the increase of bleeding risk. Moreover, potential interactions between herbal products and drugs are a safety concern, especially for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index or for patients receiving drug treatment for chronic diseases, and both of these apply to warfarin pharmacotherapy. Therefore, this review article summarises the data on the influence of medicinal plants on warfarin treatment and analyses this information in view of the interaction targets. The relevant plants were categorised according to their target, and their effects are discussed in order to organise the isolated information and to highlight the need of further discussion and new studies on the safety of herbal medicines and warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mendonça Leite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras Martins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rachel Oliveira Castilho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Anwar MA, Al Disi SS, Eid AH. Anti-Hypertensive Herbs and Their Mechanisms of Action: Part II. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:50. [PMID: 27014064 PMCID: PMC4782109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine has a history extending back to thousands of years, and during the intervening time, man has identified the healing properties of a very broad range of plants. Globally, the use of herbal therapies to treat and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) is on the rise. This is the second part of our comprehensive review where we discuss the mechanisms of plants and herbs used for the treatment and management of high blood pressure. Similar to the first part, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were utilized, and the following keywords and phrases were used as inclusion criteria: hypertension, high blood pressure, herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, endothelial cells, nitric oxide (NO), vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), oxidative stress, and epigenetics/epigenomics. Each of the aforementioned keywords was co-joined with plant or herb in question, and where possible with its constituent molecule(s). This part deals in particular with plants that are used, albeit less frequently, for the treatment and management of hypertension. We then discuss the interplay between herbs/prescription drugs and herbs/epigenetics in the context of this disease. The review then concludes with a recommendation for more rigorous, well-developed clinical trials to concretely determine the beneficial impact of herbs and plants on hypertension and a disease-free living.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akhtar Anwar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara S Al Disi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon
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Wang Y, Tang J, Zhu H, Jiang X, Liu J, Xu W, Ma H, Feng Q, Wu J, Zhao M, Peng S. Aqueous extract of Rabdosia rubescens leaves: forming nanoparticles, targeting P-selectin, and inhibiting thrombosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6905-18. [PMID: 26604756 PMCID: PMC4639563 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s91316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hot water extract of Rabdosia rubescens was traditionally used as an antithrombotic medicine. To explore its antithrombotic utility and mechanism, we carried out a series of in vitro and in vivo assays in this study. In vitro platelet aggregation assay showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration values of aqueous extract of R. rubescens leaves (AERL) inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate, and platelet-activating factor ranged from 0.12 mg/mL to 1.43 mg/mL. The minimal effective oral dose of AERL inhibiting the rats from forming thrombus was 25 mg/kg. Both in vitro and in vivo actions were correlated with AERL concentration-dependently inhibiting sP-selectin release. In water, AERL formed nanoparticles, and their size depended on the concentration. Docking the five nucleotides, 21 phenolic acids, and four diterpenoids identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector/(-)electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis into the active site of P-selectin, rosmarinic acid was predicted to be the antithrombotic ingredient of AERL. In flow cytometry analysis, 1 μM of rosmarinic acid effectively inhibited sP-selectin release in arachidonic acid-activated platelets. In a rat model, 5 mg/kg of oral rosmarinic acid effectively inhibited thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingcheng Tang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haimei Zhu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueyun Jiang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyun Xu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Ma
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Feng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Faculty of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shiqi Peng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Singh P, Kalunke RM, Giri AP. Towards comprehension of complex chemical evolution and diversification of terpene and phenylpropanoid pathways in Ocimum species. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of chemical diversity and diversification of terpene and phenylpropanoid pathway inOcimumspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Raviraj M. Kalunke
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Ashok P. Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
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Zahra K, Khan MA, Iqbal F. Oral supplementation of Ocimum basilicum has the potential to improves the locomotory, exploratory, anxiolytic behavior and learning in adult male albino mice. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:73-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Harnafi H, Ramchoun M, Tits M, Wauters JN, Frederich M, Angenot L, Aziz M, Alem C, Amrani S. Phenolic acid-rich extract of sweet basil restores cholesterol and triglycerides metabolism in high fat diet-fed mice: A comparison with fenofibrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sarahroodi S, Esmaeili S, Mikaili P, Hemmati Z, Saberi Y. The effects of green Ocimum basilicum hydroalcoholic extract on retention and retrieval of memory in mice. Anc Sci Life 2013; 31:185-9. [PMID: 23661866 PMCID: PMC3644756 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.107354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was evaluation of green Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) hydroalcoholic extract on memory retention and retrieval of mice by using passive avoidance apparatus. For this purpose, after weighting, coding and classifying the mice, they were grouped (n = 8) as follow as: test groups (electric shock plus sweet basil extract by doses: 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, i.p.), control group (Only electric shock) and blank group (electric shock plus normal saline). In all mentioned groups delay time of leaving the platform for both retention and retrieval test of memory was measured. In retention test, sweet basil extract was administered immediately after receiving electric shock and in retrieval test it was administered 24 hours after receiving electric shock. The results indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of green Ocimum basilicum significantly (P < 0.05) increased memory retention. The best response was achieved with 400 mg/Kg of the extract. Also, results showed that sweet basil extract significantly (P < 0.05) increased memory retrieval and the best result was achieved with 400 mg/Kg too. It can be concluded that memory enhancing effects of green Ocimum basilicum is because of antioxidant activity of flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Sarahroodi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Antihyperlipidemic Potential of Polyphenol and Glycoside RichNerium oleanderFlower against Triton WR-1339-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Experimental Sprague Dawley Rats. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/825290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerium oleanderLinn. (NO), an evergreen cardiac glycoside-rich shrub is used as folklore medicine in China to treat many diseases. It exhibits a wide spectrum of bioactivities but there were not much scientific reports on the bioactivity ofN. oleanderflowers. In the present study, we have evaluated the toxicity profile of the 50% hydroethanolic extracts ofNerium oleanderflowers (ENO) usingin vitrobrine shrimp lethality assay and MTT cytotoxicity assay andin vivoacute toxicity test as per the OECD guidelines. The antihyperlipidemic activity of the ENO was also studied using Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipemic rats and compared with standard Atorvastatin.In vitrobrine shrimp, MTT cytotoxic assay, andin vivoacute toxicity assays showed a wide safety margin which has been evidenced through its lethal concentration (LC50: 795.46 μg/mL) and growth inhibition (GI50: 993.60 μg/ml) values. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins were significantly elevated by the intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR 1339 in hyperlipidemic rats at 6th and 24th hour. ENO pretreatment showed a significant ameliorative action on elevated lipids and lipoproteins in a dose-dependent manner when compared to standard. Altogether, the results prove thatNerium oleanderflowers are not toxic at the tested doses and exhibit antilipimic activity.
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Fathiazad F, Matlobi A, Khorrami A, Hamedeyazdan S, Soraya H, Hammami M, Maleki-Dizaji N, Garjani A. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of cardioprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Daru 2012; 20:87. [PMID: 23351503 PMCID: PMC3556047 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The objectives of the present study were phytochemical screening and study of the effects of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Ocimum basilicum (basil) on cardiac functions and histopathological changes in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS The leaves of the plant were extracted with ethanol by maceration and subjected to colorimetry to determine flavonoids and phenolic compounds. High-performance TLC analysis and subsequent CAMAG's TLC scanning were performed to quantify rosmarinic acid content. Wistar rats were assigned to 6 groups of normal control, sham, isoproterenol, and treatment with 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg of the extract two times per day concurrent with MI induction. A subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 consecutive days was used to induce MI. RESULTS Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of phenolic compounds (5.36%) and flavonoids (1.86%). Rosmarinic acid was the principal phenolic compound with a 15.74% existence. The ST-segment elevation induced by isoproterenol was significantly suppressed by all doses of the extract. A severe myocardial necrosis and fibrosis with a sharp reduction in left ventricular contractility and a marked increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were seen in the isoproterenol group, all of which were significantly improved by the extract treatment. In addition to in-vitro antioxidant activity, the extract significantly suppressed the elevation of malondialdehyde levels both in the serum and the myocardium. CONCLUSION The results of the study demonstrate that Ocimum basilicum strongly protected the myocardium against isoproterenol-induced infarction and suggest that the cardioprotective effects could be related to antioxidative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fathiazad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Matlobi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Khorrami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Hamedeyazdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Soraya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hammami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Maleki-Dizaji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Garjani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chen C, Li SX, Wang SM, Liang SW. Investigation into the anti-thrombosis effect and contents of total saponins and flavonoids in the bioactive fraction of Naodesheng prescription. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:208-212. [PMID: 22982395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Naodesheng prescription is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and mainly applied in clinics to treat cerebral arteriosclerosis, ischemic stroke, sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage etc. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the anti-thrombosis effects of this prescription, and to search its bioactive fraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the anti-thrombotic effects by measuring platelet aggregation in rats, and the clotting time and protection rate in mice. The contents of total saponins and flavonoids in the bioactive fraction were determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry. RESULTS The results showed that Naodesheng has significant anti-thrombotic and anticoagulation effects. The contents of total saponins and flavonoids in the bioactive fraction were 7.885% and 8.434%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Such study will contribute to further exploration of Naodesheng in the therapy of thrombosis diseases and to its re-development based on the bioactive fraction and ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Chen C, Li SX, Wang SM, Liang SW. A support vector machine based pharmacodynamic prediction model for searching active fraction and ingredients of herbal medicine: Naodesheng prescription as an example. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:443-7. [PMID: 21664786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The complex chemical composition of herbal medicine leads to the lack of appropriate method for identifying active compounds and optimizing the formulation of herbal medicine. One of the most commonly used method is bioassay-guided fractionation. However, if the herbal medicine was divided into many fractions, it would cost much money and time in carrying out such a full bioassay. So, can we just perform the bioassay of a few fractions, and then develop a method to predict the bioactivities of other fractions? This study is designed to try to answer the question. In this work, a support vector machine (SVM) pharmacodynamic prediction model was introduced to search active fraction and ingredients of Naodesheng prescription. The prescription was first divided into five extracts, yielding a total of 2⁵=32 combinations. Anti-platelet aggregation experiment with SD rats was just carried out on 16 combinations. The effects of the remained 32-16=16 combinations were then predicted by the SVM model. The prediction quality was evaluated by both the rigorous jackknife test and the independent dataset validation test. Furthermore, the present method was compared with the frequently used MLR, PCR and PLSR. The present method outperforms the other 3 methods, yielding: RMSECV=2.40, R=0.895 by the jackknife test and RMSEP=7.41, R=0.910 by the independent dataset test. It indicates that the SVM prediction model has good accuracy and generalization ability. The active fraction and ingredients of Naodesheng prescription were then predicted by the model. It is believed that the present model can be extended to help search the active fraction and ingredients of other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Yi T, Chen HB, Zhao ZZ, Yu ZL, Jiang ZH. Comparison of the chemical profiles and anti-platelet aggregation effects of two "Dragon's Blood" drugs used in traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:796-802. [PMID: 21073937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Dragon's Blood" has been used as a medicine since ancient times by many cultures. In traditional Chinese medicine, the resin obtained from Daemonorops draco (RDD) and the resin from Dracaena cochinchinensis (RDC) are equally prescribed as "Dragon's Blood" for facilitating blood circulation. AIM OF THE STUDY To verify the traditional efficacy and elucidate the mechanism, the present study compared the chemical profiles and the pharmacological effects of two species of "Dragon's Blood" mainly used in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS A UPLC-MS fingerprinting method was developed to compare the chemical profiles of the two medicines. The anti-platelet aggregation effects of the two medicines induced by arachidonic acid (AA) were investigated. RESULTS The chemical profiles of these two species of "Dragon's Blood" were significantly different. The characteristic constituents were found to be: flavanes in RDD and stilbenes in RDC. In the in vivo platelet inhibition test, performed with the dose of 200 mg/kg on rats, the peak inhibitory effects of RDD and RDC were 35.8% and 27.6%, respectively, compared with the control group. With the in vitro concentrations of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/ml, RDD exerted significant inhibition of aggregation by 18.7%, 20.0%, and 61.6%, respectively, and RDC exerted significant inhibition of aggregation by 13.3%, 20.2%, and 31.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION The fingerprinting method used here is suitable for distinguishing them. All pharmacological tests indicated that RDD was more potent than RDC against platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
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Yan Y, O W, Zhao X, Ye X, Zhang C, Hao J, He J, Zhu X, Xu H, Yang X. Effect of essential oil of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. var. alashanensis on ischemia of myocardium, hypoxia and platelet aggregation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:248-255. [PMID: 20600760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the cardioprotective potential of Syringa pinnatifolia Hems1. var. alashanensis essential oil (SPEO) against experimental acute myocardial ischemia (AMI), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced myocyte injury and activities against hypoxia and platelet aggregation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats, Kunming mice and primary cultured rat neonatal myocytes were used in this study. AMI in rats was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, and deviation of ST-segment, as well as changes of myocardial enzyme activities were observed. Hypoxia test in Kunming mice was performed to evaluate the effect of SPEO against hypoxia. The protective effect of SPEO on H(2)O(2)-induced cell injury was evaluated in terms of cell viability assay. The in vitro effect of SPEO against platelet aggregation was studied using adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) as agonist. RESULTS Administration of SPEO reduced deviation of ST-segment, decreased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and Troponin T (TnT) while increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The protective role of SPEO was further confirmed by histopathological examination. In the hypoxia test, both 8 and 32 mg/kg of SPEO could prolong survival time of mice under hypoxia condition. At the meantime SPEO showed remarkable protective effect on cultured rat myocyte death induced by H(2)O(2). SPEO also inhibited ADP-induced rat platelet aggregation by 47.4%, 37.0% and 32.9% at the dose of 5, 2.5 and 1.25 microg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SPEO possessing activities against hypoxia, oxidative stress and platelet aggregation has a significant protective effect against experimental myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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