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Zhou J, Zhang L, Zheng B, Zhang L, Qin Y, Zhang X, Yang Z, Nie Z, Yang G, Yu J, Wen J. Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge exerts anti-oxidative effects through inhibiting KLF10 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to high glucose. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113208. [PMID: 32738388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Danshen) and its components have been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases for hundreds of years in China, including hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and chronic heart failure. Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (SMI), an aqueous extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is one of most widely used traditional Chinese medicine injections. SMI is widely used in the treatment of diabetic vascular complications, However, the mechanisms remain to be defined. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate protective mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge against ROS generation in VSMCs of diabetic mice and patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (hereinafter referred to as SMI, 1.5 g mL-1), which was approved by the State Food and Drug Administration (approval number: Z32020161), was obtained from Shenlong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (batch number: 11040314). SMI or vehicle were intraperitoneally administrated to the HFD-fed db/db mice, artery was harvested after 24weeks later. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of KLF6, KLF5, KLF4, KLF10, KLF12, and HO-1. DCFH-DA staining detected intracellular ROS production. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments of KLF10 were used to investigate the effect of KLF10 on the expression of HO-1. Dual-luciferase reporter assay evaluated the effect of KLF10 on the activity of the HO-1 promoter. RESULTS KLF10 expression and ROS generation are significantly increased in the arteries of HFD-fed db/db mice, VSMCs of diabetic patients, as well as in high glucose-treated VSMCs. KLF10 overexpression suppresses, while its knockdown facilitates the expression of heme oxygenase (HO-1) mRNA and protein. Further, Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (SMI) abrogates KLF10 upregulation and reduces ROS generation induced by high glucose in VSMCs. Mechanistically, KLF10 negatively regulates the HO-1 gene transcription via directly binding to its promoter. Accordingly, SMI treatment of VSMCs reduces ROS generation through inhibiting KLF10 expression and thus relieving KLF10 repression of the expression of HO-1 gene, subsequently contributing to upregulation of HO-1. CONCLUSION SMI exerts anti-oxidative effects on VSMCs exposed to high glucose through inhibiting KLF10 expression and thus upregulating HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - LiHui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Central Laboratory Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Key Laboratory for Fractionation Mechanisms and Procedures, Baoding, Hebei, 07100, China
| | - XinHua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - ZiYuan Nie
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory for Hematology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - GaoShan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Jing Yu
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - JinKun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
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Li P, Peng Y, Ma Q, Li Z, Zhang X. Study on the Formation of Antihypertensive Twin Drugs by Caffeic Acid and Ferulic Acid with Telmisartan. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:977-992. [PMID: 32184567 PMCID: PMC7062412 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s225705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to synthesize twin drugs from cinnamic acid compounds, caffeic acid (CFA) and ferulic acid (FLA), which can antagonize endothelin-1 (ET-1) with telmisartan through ester bonds. Moreover, the antihypertensive effect of telmisartan and its influence on blood pressure variability (BPV) were enhanced, and the bioavailability of caffeic acid and ferulic acid was improved. METHODS Six twin drugs, which were the target compounds, were synthesized. Hypertensive rats (SHR) and conscious sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats were spontaneously used as models for pharmacodynamic research to study the antihypertensive efficacy of these twin drugs. Wistar rats were employed as pharmacokinetic research models to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the target compounds via intragastric administration. Cellular pharmacodynamic research was also conducted on the antagonistic action on Ang II-AT1, ETA and ETB receptor. RESULTS Compound 1a was determined as the best antihypertensive twin drug and thus was further studied for its effect on BPV. Compared with that of telmisartan, the antihypertensive effect of compound 1a was improved (p<0.05), and the BPV was reduced (p<0.05). The bioavailability of caffeic acid and ferulic acid after hydrolysis from twin drugs could be increased to varying degrees, and the differences of the main pharmacokinetic parameters among the different forms of caffeic acid and ferulic acid were statistically significant (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Compound 1a had the best antagonistic effect on the Ang II-AT1 receptor. However, the IC50 of Lps-2 was still two orders of magnitude higher than that of the positive drug telmisartan. Hence, the twin drugs worked by metabolizing and regenerating telmisartan and caffeic acid or ferulic acid in the body. CONCLUSION The synthesized twin drugs improved telmisartan's antihypertensive effects, significantly decreased BPV in SAD rats and increased the bioavailability of caffeic acid and ferulic acid. This study serves as a basis for the development of new angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in the future and a reference for the development of new drugs to antagonize ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengshou Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang471934, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang471934, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qixiang Ma
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyong Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang471934, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu P, Liu Z, Zhou J, Chen Y. Tanshinol inhibits the growth, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 12:87-99. [PMID: 30588033 PMCID: PMC6304085 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s185997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tanshinol is an active constituent of Salvia miltiorrhiza and possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial activity. Herein, we explored the role of tanshinol on the growth and aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods The proliferation of a panel of HCC cell lines was measured using MTT assay. The expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) were detected by immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical assay. The levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined using immunoblotting assay. The secretions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were detected by ELISA. The migration and invasion abilities of HepG2 cell were determined using wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. The apoptosis of HepG2 cell induced by tanshinol was analyzed by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. A xenograft model was constructed to investigate the inhibitory effect of tanshinol on HepG2 cell growth in vivo. To further investigate the role of tanshinol on the metastasis of HepG2 cell in vivo, an experimental metastasis assay was performed. Results Tanshinol inhibited the growth and colony formation of HCC cell in vitro. Tanshinol also induced the apoptosis of HepG2 cell and inhibited the migration and invasion of HepG2 cell. In in vivo experiments, tanshinol suppressed the tumor growth and metastasis of HepG2 cell. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT was decreased by tanshinol in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Tanshinol exerts its anti-cancer effects via regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingting Zhu
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China,
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - JiaoJiao Zhou
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,
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Feng X, Li Y, Wang Y, Li L, Little PJ, Xu SW, Liu S. Danhong injection in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: Pharmacological actions, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:62-75. [PMID: 30408571 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality worldwide, currently with less than optimum therapeutic options. Danhong injection (DHI) is a medicinal preparation based on two eminent Chinese herbal medicines, Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Dan Shen; family: Lamiaceae) and Flos Carthami (Hong Hua; family: Compositae/Asteraceae). DHI has been mainly used in the clinical therapy of cardiovascular (such as acute coronary syndrome and angina pectoris) and cerebrovascular diseases (such as stroke) in China for many years. The pharmacological properties of DHI include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-coagulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-apoptotic, vasodilatory, and angiogenesis-promoting actions. DHI offers a safe and effective therapeutic agent against cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by modulating multiple disease-relevant signaling pathways and molecular targets. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the phytochemistry, therapeutic effects, molecular mechanisms, and adverse reactions of DHI in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. We also highlight the latest pharmacological advances and therapeutic potential of this promising herb-derived cardiovascular drug preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Lingli Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Suo-Wen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
| | - Sheng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
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Zhao W, Zhang H, Su JY. MicroRNA‑29a contributes to intracranial aneurysm by regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2945-2954. [PMID: 30015903 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is an abnormal expansion in the intracranial arteries that weakens the arterial wall by consistently pushing the vascular wall outwards, which leads to a higher risk of aneurysm rupture. A number of reports have demonstrated that apoptosis is associated with the growth and rupture of IA. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) perform vital roles in the regulation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and signaling proteins. Increasing evidence has already revealed the role of miR‑29a in injury, including liver injury, cardiovascular injury and ischaemia‑reperfusion injury. However, the role of miR‑29a in IA remains unclear at present. The present study investigated the role of miR‑29a in IA pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. By using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, the present study demonstrated that genes, including caspase‑3, ‑8 and ‑9, and proteins, including cytochrome c and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl‑1), involved in mitochondrial apoptosis pathways were upregulated in IA groups compared with controls. In addition, microarray analysis demonstrated that miR‑29a, one of the most altered miRs in IA mice, was overexpressed in IA mice compared with controls. In vitro experiments revealed that miR‑29a downregulation attenuated human brain vascular smooth muscle cell (HBVSMC) apoptosis, while miR‑29a overexpression increased the apoptosis of HBVSMCs. Furthermore, luciferase reporter analysis revealed that Mcl‑1 is a direct target gene of miR‑29a. An in vivo IA model confirmed that miR‑29a overexpression may promote apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways. It was therefore concluded that miR‑29a may contribute to the progression of IA by regulating mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Thus, miR‑29a is a potential therapeutic target for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhao
- First Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Haifang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People's Hospital of Handan, Handan, Hebei 056001, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ying Su
- First Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
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Li ZM, Xu SW, Liu PQ. Salvia miltiorrhizaBurge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:802-824. [PMID: 29698387 PMCID: PMC5943903 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen) is an eminent medicinal herb that possesses broad cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective actions and has been used in Asian countries for many centuries. Accumulating evidence suggests that Danshen and its components prevent vascular diseases, in particular, atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The published literature indicates that lipophilic constituents (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIa, tanshinone IIb, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone, etc) as well as hydrophilic constituents (danshensu, salvianolic acid A and B, protocatechuic aldehyde, etc) contribute to the cardiovascular protective actions of Danshen, suggesting a potential synergism among these constituents. Herein, we provide a systematic up-to-date review on the cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential of major pharmacologically active constituents of Danshen. These bioactive compounds will serve as excellent drug candidates in small-molecule cardiovascular drug discovery. This article also provides a scientific rationale for understanding the traditional use of Danshen in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suo-wen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Pei-qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Cui YC, Yan L, Pan CS, Hu BH, Chang X, Fan JY, Han JY. The Contribution of Different Components in QiShenYiQi Pills® to Its Potential to Modulate Energy Metabolism in Protection of Ischemic Myocardial Injury. Front Physiol 2018; 9:389. [PMID: 29755361 PMCID: PMC5932340 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases remain a challenge for clinicians. QiShenYiQi pills® (QSYQ) has been reported to be curative during coronary heart diseases with modulation of energy metabolism as one of the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we detected the effect of QSYQ and its components on rat myocardial structure, mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activity and energy metabolism, and heart function after 30 min of cardiac ischemia, with focusing on the contribution of each component to its potential to regulate energy metabolism. Results showed that treatment with QSYQ and all its five components protected myocardial structure from damage by ischemia. QSYQ also attenuated release of myocardial cTnI, and restored the production of ATP after cardiac ischemia. AS-IV and Rb1, but not Rg1, R1, and DLA, had similar effect as QSYQ in regulation of energy metabolism. These results indicate that QSYQ may prevent ischemia-induced cardiac injury via regulation of energy metabolism, to which each of its components contributes differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chen Cui
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-He Hu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Li C, Chang Y, Li Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Ye N, Dai D, Sun Y. Advanced glycation end products promote the proliferation and migration of primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells via the upregulation of BAG3. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1242-1254. [PMID: 28350077 PMCID: PMC5403185 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and whether Bcl-2‑associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is involved in the process. Primary rat VSMCs were extracted and cultured in vitro. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay and cell proliferation was detected by EdU incorporation assay. Cell migration was detected by wound healing and Transwell assays. BAG3 was detected using qPCR and western blot analysis. Transcriptional and translational inhibitors (actinomycin D and cycloheximide, respectively) were used to study the effect of AGEs on the expression of BAG3 in VSMCs. Lentiviral plasmids containing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against rat BAG3 or control shRNA were transduced into VSMCs. Cellular ROS were detected by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRE) staining. AGEs significantly increased the expression of BAG3 in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, AGEs mainly increased the expression of BAG3 mRNA by increasing the RNA synthesis rather than inhibiting the RNA translation. BAG3 knockdown reduced the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by AGEs. BAG3 knockdown reduced the generation of ROS and sustained the mitochondrial membrane potential of VSMCs. Reduction of ROS production by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, also reduced the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. On the whole, the present study demonstrated for the first time that AGEs could increase ROS production and promote the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by upregulating BAG3 expression. This study indicated that BAG3 should be considered as a potential target for the prevention and/or treatment of vascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunshu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ye Chang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yintao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dongxue Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Zhou Y, Zhang MJ, Li BH, Chen L, Pi Y, Yin YW, Long CY, Wang X, Sun MJ, Chen X, Gao CY, Li JC, Zhang LL. PPARγ Inhibits VSMC Proliferation and Migration via Attenuating Oxidative Stress through Upregulating UCP2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154720. [PMID: 27144886 PMCID: PMC4856345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence showed that abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are common event in the pathophysiology of many vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. Among the underlying mechanisms, oxidative stress is one of the principal contributors to the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Oxidative stress occurs as a result of persistent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, the protective effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) against oxidative stress/ROS in other cell types provide new insights to inhibit the suggests that PPARγ may regulate VSMCs function. However, it remains unclear whether activation of PPARγ can attenuate oxidative stress and further inhibit VSMC proliferation and migration. In this study, we therefore investigated the effect of PPARγ on inhibiting VSMC oxidative stress and the capability of proliferation and migration, and the potential role of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in oxidative stress. It was found that platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) induced VSMC proliferation and migration as well as ROS production; PPARγ inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation, migration and oxidative stress; PPARγ activation upregulated UCP2 expression in VSMCs; PPARγ inhibited PDGF-BB-induced ROS in VSMCs by upregulating UCP2 expression; PPARγ ameliorated injury-induced oxidative stress and intimal hyperplasia (IH) in UCP2-dependent manner. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that activation of PPARγ can attenuate ROS and VSMC proliferation and migration by upregulating UCP2 expression, and thus inhibit IH following carotid injury. These findings suggest PPARγ may represent a prospective target for the prevention and treatment of IH-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Ming-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Bing-Hu Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Yan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Yan-Wei Yin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Long
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Meng-Jiao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Chang-Yue Gao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Jing-Cheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
- * E-mail: (L-LZ); (J-CL)
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
- * E-mail: (L-LZ); (J-CL)
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10
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Yang X, Wang Q, Wang C, Qin X, Huang Y, Zeng R. Synthesis and Protective Effects of Kaempferol-3'-sulfonate on Hydrogen Peroxide-induced injury in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:841-8. [PMID: 26706847 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel water-soluble sulfated derivative, kaempferol-3'-sulfonate acid sodium (KS) with the composition of [C15 H9 O9 SNa]·2.5H2 O, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, (1) H NMR, (13) C NMR, and HRMS. Its protective effects on human vascular smooth muscle cells injured by hydrogen peroxide were evaluated by CCK-8 method, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. The experimental results indicated that the KS can significantly increase cell viability and reduce apoptosis on H2 O2 -injured VSMCs, as well as reverse the effects of H2 O2 on Bcl-2, Bad, and caspase-3 expressions. In addition, LDH leakage, MDA levels, and SOD and GSH activities were also measured with spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the KS acted as antioxidant preventing LDH leakage and MDA production, while increasing intracellular SOD and GSH activities. These findings revealed that KS might potentially serve as an effective antioxidant agent for prevention and treatment of vascular disease caused by H2 O2 -injured VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbin Yang
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xiaolin Qin
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Pharmacy College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Renquan Zeng
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
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11
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Ferulic acid inhibits H2O2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells via inhibition of the NADPH oxidase and NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:1018-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Goutzourelas N, Stagos D, Spanidis Y, Liosi M, Apostolou A, Priftis A, Haroutounian S, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D. Polyphenolic composition of grape stem extracts affects antioxidant activity in endothelial and muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5846-56. [PMID: 26300227 PMCID: PMC4581749 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the assessment of the antioxidant effects of polyphenolic extracts derived from the stems of three Greek grape varieties (Moshomayro, Mavrotragano and Mandilaria) in endothelial (EA.hy926) and muscle (C2C12) cells. We also investigated the effects of the polyphenolic composition on the antioxidant effects of the grape stem extracts. For this purpose, the endothelial and muscle cells were treated with low non-cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts for 24 h in order to assess the effects of the extracts on cellular redox status using oxidative stress biomarkers. The oxidative stress markers were thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl (CARB) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glutathione (GSH) levels. The results revealed that treatment of the EA.hy926 cells with Mandilaria extract significantly decreased the TBARS levels by 14.8% and the CARB levels by 25.9 %, while it increased the GSH levels by 15.8% compared to the controls. Moreover, treatment of the EA.hy926 cells with Mavrotragano extract significantly increased the GSH levels by 20.2%, while it significantly decreased the TBARS and CARB levels by 12.5% and 16.6%, respectively. Treatment of the C2C12 cells with Mandilaria extract significantly decreased the TBARS levels by 47.3 %, the CARB levels by 39.0 % and the ROS levels by 21.8%, while it increased the GSH levels by 22.6% compared to the controls. Moreover, treatment of the C2C12 cells with Mavrotragano significantly decreased the TBARS, CARB and ROS levels by 36.2%, 35.9% and 16.5%, respectively. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledgel, our results demonstrate for the first time that treatment with grape stem extracts at low concentrations improves the redox status of endothelial and muscle cells. Thus, grape stem extracts may be used for developing antioxidant food supplements or biofunctional foods. However, it was also found that the polyphenolic composition of grape stem extracts affects their antioxidant capacity. For example, the results suggested that trans-resveratrol, gallic acid, (+)-catechin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, coumaric acid and kaempferol may be essential for the antioxidant activity of grape stem extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ypatios Spanidis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Liosi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna Apostolou
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Priftis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Serko Haroutounian
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
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13
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Sun PP, Yuan F, Xu J, Sai K, Chen J, Guan S. Cryptotanshinone Ameliorates Hepatic Normothermic Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Anti-mitochondrial Apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 37:1758-65. [PMID: 25366482 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (CT), isolated from the dried roots of Salvia militorrhiza, has been reported to have protective effects on myocardial and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury both in vitro and in vivo. However, its effects and underlying mechanism on hepatic I/R injury remain unclear. To investigate its effects on hepatic I/R injury, thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 3 groups: a sham group, a vehicle-treated hepatic I/R group and a CT-treated (50 mg/kg) group. The hepatic I/R and CT-treated groups were subjected to 60 min of normothermic ischemia of the left lateral lobe of the liver, followed by 4 h of reperfusion. The animals were then sacrificed to collect the serum and the left liver lobe for assay. Hepatic function was protected, as evidenced by significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the CT-treated group as compared with I/R group. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) demonstrated significantly decreased apoptosis in the CT-administration animals. Western blotting demonstrated upregulation of the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2, as well as decreased levels of the activated form of caspase-3 and the cleaved form of its substrate, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in the CT-treated group compared with those of the I/R group. In addition, the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was inhibited by CT. Our data suggest that CT attenuates hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, mediated partly through the inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK phosporylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
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14
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3, 4-dihydroxyl-phenyl lactic acid restores NADH dehydrogenase 1 α subunit 10 to ameliorate cardiac reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10739. [PMID: 26030156 PMCID: PMC5377067 DOI: 10.1038/srep10739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to detect the role of 3, 4-dihydroxyl-phenyl lactic acid (DLA) during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced myocardial injury with emphasis on the underlying mechanism of DLA antioxidant. Male Spragu-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to left descending artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Treatment with DLA ameliorated myocardial structure and function disorder, blunted the impairment of Complex I activity and mitochondrial function after I/R. The results of 2-D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis revealed that DLA prevented the decrease in NDUFA10 expression, one of the subunits of Complex I. To find the target of DLA, the binding affinity of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) to DLA and DLA derivatives with replaced two phenolic hydroxyls was detected using surface plasmon resonance and bilayer interferometry. The results showed that DLA could activate SIRT1 after I/R probably by binding to this protein, depending on phenolic hydroxyl. Moreover, the importance of SIRT1 to DLA effectiveness was confirmed through siRNA transfection in vitro. These results demonstrated that DLA was able to prevent I/R induced decrease in NDUFA10 expression, improve Complex I activity and mitochondrial function, eventually attenuate cardiac structure and function injury after I/R, which was possibly related to its ability of binding to and activating SIRT1.
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15
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Yang Y, Bai L, Li X, Xiong J, Xu P, Guo C, Xue M. Transport of active flavonoids, based on cytotoxicity and lipophilicity: an evaluation using the blood-brain barrier cell and Caco-2 cell models. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 28:388-96. [PMID: 24362044 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study aims to evaluate and compare transmembrane transport of eight cardio-cerebrovascular protection flavonoids including puerarin, rutin, hesperidin, quercetin, genistein, kaempferol, apigenin and isoliquiritigenin via the rat blood-brain barrier cell and Caco-2 cell monolayer models, based on the data of cytotoxicity and lipophilicity. The cytotoxicity of the flavonoids to rat brain microvessel endothelial cell was determined by the MTT assay. The apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of the flavonoids were calculated from the unilateral transport assays in Transwell system with simultaneous determination using a high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the cytotoxicity and oil-water partition coefficient of the flavonoids modified by the number and position of the glycoside and hydroxyl group were the key determinant for the transmembrane transport. The Papp values of the flavonoids reduced adversely when the numbers of glycoside and hydroxyl groups of the flavonoids increased accordingly. The tested flavonoids exhibited time-dependent Papp values in these models. The efflux mechanism related with P-glycoprotein also existed with the polar flavonoids; verapamil could enhance the permeation of rutin and quercetin via inhibition of P-glycoprotein. We propose that genistein and isoliquiritigenin with the permeation priority in vitro Caco-2 and BBB cell model could be better as the drug candidates for cardio-cerebral vascular protection. These findings provided important information for establishing the transport relationship for the flavonoid compounds and evaluating the potential oral bioavailability and brain distribution of the flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Detection and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Detection and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Detection and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Detection and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Pinxiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Detection and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chenyang Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Detection and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Detection and Instrument, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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16
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Inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation attenuates TLR4-mediated proinflammatory and proliferative phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Transl Med 2013; 93:880-7. [PMID: 23774581 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with inflammation and vasculature dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the ROS on vascular Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated proinflammatory and proliferative phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). A wire-induced carotid injury model was used in male TLR4-deficient (TLR4(-/-)) and wild-type C57BL/6J mice to induce neointima formation. In the presence or absence of the ROS scavenger apocynin for 14 days, increased TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines were observed in wire injury-induced carotid neointima and in platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-stimulated VSMCs. The TLR4(-/-) protected the injured carotid from neointimal formation and impaired the cellular proliferation and migration in response to PDGF-BB. Apocynin attenuated intimal hyperplasia. Pre-treatment with apocynin significantly inhibited intracellular ROS generation, accompanied by a significant suppression of TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines expression, and VSMC proliferation and migration. However, the results were not obvious in TLR4(-/-) condition. These findings highlight the importance of ROS inhibition in TLR4-mediated proinflammatory and proliferative phenotype of VSMCs, and suggest ROS as an essential therapeutic target for TLR4-associated vascular inflammation and vascular diseases.
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17
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Kleniewska P, Michalska M, Gorąca A. Influence of NADPH oxidase inhibition on oxidative stress parameters in rat hearts. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:898-905. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Dai H, Li X, Li X, Bai L, Li Y, Xue M. Coexisted components of Salvia miltiorrhiza enhance intestinal absorption of cryptotanshinone via inhibition of the intestinal P-gp. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:1256-1262. [PMID: 23041420 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone, derived from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and Salvia przewalskii Maxim, is the major active component and possesses significant antibacterial, antidermatophytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the intestinal absorptive characteristics of cryptotanshinone as well as the absorptive behavior influenced by co-administration of the diterpenoid tanshinones and danxingfang using an in vitro everted rat gut sac model. The results showed a good linear correlation between cryptotanshinone of absorption and the incubation time from 10 to 70min. The concentration dependence showed that a non-linear correlation existed between the cryptotanshinone absorption and the concentration at 100 μg/ml. Coexisting diterpenoid tanshinones and danxingfang could significantly enhance the absorption of cryptotanshinone. Coexisting diterpenoid tanshinones and danxingfang, which influenced cryptotanshinone's absorption, manifested as similar to that of the P-glycoprotein inhibitor. The underlying mechanism of the improvement of oral bioavailability was proposed that coexisting diterpenoid tanshinones and danxingfang could decrease the efflux transport of cryptotanshinone by P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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19
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Lang Y, Chen D, Li D, Zhu M, Xu T, Zhang T, Qian W, Luo Y. Luteolin inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration by suppressing the Src and Akt signalling pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 64:597-603. [PMID: 22420665 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Luteolin is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in many vegetables, fruits and medicinal plants. The migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the critical pathological processes in various cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of luteolin and its latent mechanism on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs stimulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Methods
VSMC proliferation and cell viability was assayed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method or by cell counting, and H2O2-elicited migration of VSMCs was measured using a transwell migration assay. The phosphorylation levels of Src, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and Akt (protein kinase B) were analysed by immunoblotting.
Key findings
This study demonstrated that luteolin showed a particularly inhibitory effect on H2O2-elicited VSMC proliferation and migration. In previous research, we originally explored the function of luteolin in blocking H2O2-triggered Src and Akt signalling pathways. The activation of Src, PDK1, Akt (308), Akt (473) in the luteolin-treated group was significantly lower than that seen in the H2O2 group.
Conclusions
These findings strongly suggested that luteolin suppresses H2O2-directed migration and proliferation in VSMCs partially due to down-regulation of the Akt and Src signalling pathways, which are important participants in the processes of migration and proliferation of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasong Lang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Manyi Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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20
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Zheng B, Han M, Shu YN, Li YJ, Miao SB, Zhang XH, Shi HJ, Zhang T, Wen JK. HDAC2 phosphorylation-dependent Klf5 deacetylation and RARα acetylation induced by RAR agonist switch the transcription regulatory programs of p21 in VSMCs. Cell Res 2011; 21:1487-508. [PMID: 21383775 PMCID: PMC3193446 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) occurs in hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty, leading to pathophysiological vascular remodeling. As an important growth arrest gene, p21 plays critical roles in vascular remodeling. Regulation of p21 expression by retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and its ligand has important implications for control of pathological vascular remodeling. Nevertheless, the mechanism of RAR-mediated p21 expression in VSMCs remains poorly understood. Here, we show that, under basal conditions, RARα forms a complex with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) at the p21 promoter to inhibit its expression. Upon RARα agonist stimulation, HDAC2 is phosphorylated by CK2α. Phosphorylation of HDAC2, on the one hand, promotes its dissociation from RARα, thus allowing the liganded-RARα to interact with co-activators; on the other hand, it increases its interaction with Klf5, thus leading to deacetylation of Klf5. Deacetylation of Klf5 facilitates its dissociation from the p21 promoter, relieving its repressive effect on the p21 promoter. Interference with HDAC2 phosphorylation by either CK2α knockdown or the use of phosphorylation-deficient mutant of HDAC2 prevents the dissociation of Klf5 from the p21 promoter and impairs RAR agonist-induced p21 activation. Our results reveal a novel mechanism involving a phosphorylation-deacetylation cascade that functions to remove the basal repression complex from the p21 promoter upon RAR agonist treatment, allowing for optimum agonist-induced p21 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Casein Kinase II/genetics
- Casein Kinase II/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Histone Deacetylase 2/genetics
- Histone Deacetylase 2/metabolism
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Male
- Multiprotein Complexes/genetics
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/agonists
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Transcription, Genetic/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ya-nan Shu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ying-jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Sui-bing Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xin-hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hui-jing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jin-kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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Li J, Wan H, Zhang H, Tian M. Current applications of molecular imaging and luminescence-based techniques in traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:16-26. [PMID: 21693174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is fundamentally different from Western medicine, has been widely investigated using various approaches. Cellular- or molecular-based imaging has been used to investigate and illuminate the various challenges identified and progress made using therapeutic methods in TCM. Insight into the processes of TCM at the cellular and molecular changes and the ability to image these processes will enhance our understanding of various diseases of TCM and will provide new tools to diagnose and treat patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various TCM therapies including herbs and formulations, acupuncture and moxibustion, massage, Gua Sha, and diet therapy have been analyzed using positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound and optical imaging. These imaging tools have kept pace with developments in molecular biology, nuclear medicine, and computer technology. RESULTS We provide an overview of recent developments in demystifying ancient knowledge - like the power of energy flow and blood flow meridians, and serial naturopathies - which are essential to visually and vividly recognize the body using modern technology. CONCLUSIONS In TCM, treatment can be individualized in a holistic or systematic view that is consistent with molecular imaging technologies. Future studies might include using molecular imaging in conjunction with TCM to easily diagnose or monitor patients naturally and noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wu D, Zhou J, Wang X, Cui B, An R, Shi H, Yuan J, Hu Z. Traditional Chinese formula, lubricating gut pill, stimulates cAMP-dependent CI(−) secretion across rat distal colonic mucosa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:406-413. [PMID: 21195154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Lubricating gut pill (LGP), a traditional Chinese formula, had been conformed to improve the loperamide-induced rat constipation by stimulation of Cl(-) secretion, but its mechanism has not been fully explored. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the action sites of LGP-stimulated Cl(-) secretion across rat distal colonic mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat distal colonic mucosa was mounted in Ussing chambers and short circuit current (I(SC)), apical Cl(-) current and basolateral K(+) current were recorded. Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were determined with ELISA kit and the non-radioactive PepTag test, respectively. RESULTS LGP at 800μg/ml elicited a sustained increase in Cl(-) secretory response, which was inhibited by CFTR(inh)172, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor. Permeabilizing apical membrane with nystatin revealed that LGP-stimulated basolateral K(+) current was significantly inhibited by KCNQ1 K(+) channel inhibitor chromanol 293B. LGP-stimulated I(SC) was markedly reduced by pretreatment with cis-N-[2-phenylcyclopentyl]-azacyclotridec-1-en-2amine (MDL-12,330A) and N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H-89), but not with inhibitors of Ca(2+)-dependent signaling pathway. Treatment of tissue with LGP resulted in an increase in intracellular cAMP level and the activation in protein kinase A. The E-prostanoid(4) (EP)(4) receptor antagonist L-161,982 completely eliminated LGP-induced response. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that LGP enhances Cl(-) and fluid secretion via prostanoid receptor signaling and also cAMP and protein kinase A pathway, subsequently triggering the activation of apical Cl(-) channels mostly CFTR and basolateral cAMP-dependent K(+) channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazheng Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 201203, China
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Yang RX, Huang SY, Yan FF, Lu XT, Xing YF, Liu Y, Liu YF, Zhao YX. Danshensu protects vascular endothelia in a rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1395-400. [PMID: 20871618 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine whether danshensu could protect vascular endothelia in a rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia. METHODS The model was established by feeding rats with a methionine-rich diet (1 g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) for 3 months. Immediately following the discontinuation of methionine-rich diet, rats were treated with danshensu (67.5 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, po) or saline for 3 additional months. One group of rats receiving vitamin mixture (folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6) was included as a positive control. One group of rats not exposed to methionine-rich diet was also included as a blank control. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein in the descending aorta was examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Homocysteine and blood concentration of endothelin and nitric oxide (NO) was also examined. RESULTS Methionine-rich diet resulted in accumulation of "foam cells", up-regulated expression of TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 in the descending aorta, and significantly increased serum homocysteine. Plasma endothelin concentration was significantly increased; NO was decreased. Danshensu treatment, either simultaneous to methionine-rich diet or afterwards, attenuated the above mentioned changes. CONCLUSION Chronic treatment with danshensu could prevent/attenuate the formation of atherosclerosis. Potential mechanisms include inhibited expression of representative proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in arterial endothelia. Changes in homocysteine and circulating molecules that control vascular contraction/relaxation via endothelial cells (eg, endothelin and NO) were also implicated.
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Liu L, Duan JA, Tang YP, Ma HY, Su SL, Guo JM, Hua YQ. The protective effects of the active fraction of Shaofu Zhuyu decoction on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury in vascular smooth muscle cells. Molecules 2010; 15:5066-78. [PMID: 20714285 PMCID: PMC6257770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15085066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the protective effects of the active fraction (SF-7) from Shaofu Zhuyu decoction (SFZYD) were tested on a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) oxidative injury model. This active fraction (SF-7) shows potent antioxidant properties. The cell viability and oxidative damage markers of VSMCs were determined after exposure to H2O2 for 16 hours. It was observed that SF-7 significantly increased cell survival and reduced apoptosis of H2O2-injured VSMCs. Moreover, SF-7 could markedly increase intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in H2O2-injured VSMCs, and suppress the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Thus, SF-7 exhibits protective effects against H2O2-injury on VSMCs, which may be associated with its antioxidant properties. It is suggested that SF may be useful in the treatment of blood stasis syndrome in which oxidative injury is mainly implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Ao Duan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-25-85811916; Fax: +86-25-85811916
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