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Rong M, Jia JJ, Lin MQ, He XLS, Xie ZY, Wang N, Zhang ZH, Dong YJ, Xu WF, Huang JH, Li B, Jiang NH, Lv GY, Chen SH. The effect of modified Qiyuan paste on mice with low immunity and sleep deprivation by regulating GABA nerve and immune system. Chin Med 2024; 19:84. [PMID: 38867320 PMCID: PMC11167779 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low immunity and sleep disorders are prevalent suboptimal health conditions in contemporary populations, which render them susceptible to the infiltration of pathogenic factors. LJC, which has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing the Yin and blood and calming the mind, is obtained by modifying Qiyuan paste. Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo has been shown to improve the immune function in sleep-deprived mice. In this study, based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory, LJC was prepared by adding D. officinale Kimura et Migo to Qiyuan paste decoction. METHODS Indicators of Yin deficiency syndrome, such as back temperature and grip strength, were measured in each group of mice; furthermore, behavioral tests and pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep tests were performed. An automatic biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and other methods were used to determine routine blood parameters, serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM), cont (C3, C4), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the spleen, serum hemolysin, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) levels. In addition, serum levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were used to assess the histological alterations in the hypothalamus tissue. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expressions of the GABA pathway proteins GABRA1, GAD, GAT1, and GABAT1 and those of CD4+ and CD8+ proteins in the thymus and spleen tissues. RESULTS The findings indicated that LJC prolonged the sleep duration, improved the pathological changes in the hippocampus, effectively upregulated the GABA content in the serum of mice, downregulated the Glu content and Glu/GABA ratio, enhanced the expressions of GABRA1, GAT1, and GAD, and decreased the expression of GABAT1 to assuage sleep disorders. Importantly, LJC alleviated the damage to the thymus and spleen tissues in the model mice and enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH in the spleen of the immunocompromised mice. Moreover, serum hemolysin levels and serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels increased after LJC administration, which manifested as increased CD4+ content, decreased CD8+ content, and enhanced DTH response. In addition, LJC significantly increased the levels of complement C3 and C4, increased the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes, and decreased the percentage of neutrophils in the blood. CONCLUSIONS LJC can lead to improvements in immunocompromised mice models with insufficient sleep. The underlying mechanism may involve regulation of the GABA/Glu content and the expression levels of GABA metabolism pathway-related proteins in the brain of mice, enhancing their specific and nonspecific immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Rong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiu-Jie Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Qiu Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing-Li-Shang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ze-Hua Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Jie Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan-Feng Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Hui Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ning-Hua Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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Deng Y, Lai C, Zhang Y, Zhou P, Liu G, Tang X, Li P, Zhao Z, Zhang M, Wei Z. Effects of pretreatment methods on the physicochemical properties of dried longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pulps. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37421352 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Several pretreatment methods were used before hot air drying to determine the effects of pretreatment on the physicochemical properties of dried longan pulps to address issues of low efficiency and excessive browning of pulps in dried longan. The results showed that pretreatment methods such as sodium chloride steeping, hot blanching, and freeze-thawing reduced the moisture content in dried longan pulps and increased the hardness of dried longan pulps. Ultrasound, microwave, and hot blanching methods reduced the degree of browning of dried longan pulps. Freeze thawing led to a decrease in polysaccharide content in dried longan pulps. The use of ultrasound- and microwave-based pretreatment methods increased the contents of free phenolics and total phenolics and increased the oxygen radical absorbance capacity indices. Alkenes and alcohols constituted the primary volatile flavor substances in longan. It was inferred that it was favorable to use the hot blanching method before subjecting the samples to conditions of hot air drying as the moisture content and degree of browning could be reduced effectively. The results reported herein can potentially help manufacturers improve drying efficiency. The results provide a platform to produce high-quality products from dried longan pulps. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Longan pulps should be subjected to conditions of the hot blanching method before subjecting the samples to conditions of hot air drying to reduce the moisture content and degree of browning. The results reported herein can help manufacturers improve the drying efficiency of pulps. The results can be exploited to produce high-quality products from dried longan pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Deng
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiang Lai
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guang Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhencheng Wei
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Eo H, Kim SH, Ju IG, Huh E, Kim S, Choi JG, Kim SW, Son M, Oh MS. Longan extract suppresses food intake through regulation of POMC/AgRP neuronal activities and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hypothalamus of db/db mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1143613. [PMID: 37415911 PMCID: PMC10322219 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1143613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the biggest public health issues worldwide and closely related to development of other chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Considerable percentage of T2DM patients undergo have suffered from binge eating disorder which exacerbates insulin resistance and metabolic challenges. Longan (Dimocarpus longan L.) and its constituents are reported for their various health benefits. However, it is still unknown whether longan fruit supplementation can ameliorate glucose homeostasis and binge eating disorder found in T2DM. The current study aimed to investigate whether longan fruit extract (LE) supplementation can improve diabetic hyperglycemia through modulation of feeding center located in hypothalamus of db/db T2DM mice. As a result, LE supplementation ameliorated fasting blood glucose levels and reduced excessive epididymal fat accumulation. In addition, LE administration improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. Especially, LE supplemented mice showed less food consumption which was in line with increase of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neuronal activities and decrease of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neuronal activities. Furthermore, LE supplementation reduced hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which was stimulated in db/db mice. As ER stress is a crucial factor involving in appetite control and glucose homeostasis, the effect of LE supplementation on circulating glucose levels and feeding behavior might be mediated by suppression of hypothalamic ER stress. Collectively, these findings suggest that LE could be a potential nutraceutical for improvement of T2DM as well as patients with satiety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Gyoung Ju
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Huh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Miwon Son
- MThera Pharma Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wu X, Huang H, Li M, Wang Y, Wu X, Wang Q, Shen J, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhao Q, Zeng J, He Y, Xiao J. Excessive consumption of the sugar rich longan fruit promoted the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via mediating gut dysbiosis. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine LuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- Department of Pharmacy, Jimo District Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine QingdaoShandongChina
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine LuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Fifth People's Hospital ChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- Department of PharmacyYa'an People's Hospital Ya'anSichuanChina
| | - Qin Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine LuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine LuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine LuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine LuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine LuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine LuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Yifei Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine LuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Qianyun Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine LuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Jiuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University LuzhouSichuanChina
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine LuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Yisheng He
- School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen ShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesUniversidade de Vigo OurenseSpain
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Yue X, Chen Z, Zhang J, Huang C, Zhao S, Li X, Qu Y, Zhang C. Extraction, purification, structural features and biological activities of longan fruit pulp (Longyan) polysaccharides: A review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:914679. [PMID: 35958258 PMCID: PMC9358249 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.914679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimocarpus longan Lour. (also called as longan) is a subtropical and tropical evergreen tree belonging to the Sapindaceae family and is widely distributed in China, Southeast Asia and South Asia. The pulp of longan fruit is a time-honored traditional medicinal and edible raw material in China and some Asian countries. With the advancement of food therapy in modern medicine, longan fruit pulp as an edible medicinal material is expected to usher in its rapid development as a functional nutrient. As one of the main constituents of longan fruit pulp, longan fruit pulp polysaccharides (LPs) play an indispensable role in longan fruit pulp-based functional utilization. This review aims to outline the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics and biological activities (such as immunoregulatory, anti-tumor, prebiotic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and inhibition of AChE activity) of LPs. Besides, the structure-activity relationship, application prospect and patent application of LPs were analyzed and summarized. Through the systematic summary, this review attempts to provide a theoretical basis for further research of LPs, and promote the industrial development of this class of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuebo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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A Herbal Mixture of Sesami Semen Nigrum and Longan Arillus Induces Neurite Outgrowth in Cultured Neurons and Shows Anti-Depression in Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8809546. [PMID: 35754681 PMCID: PMC9225919 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8809546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal food homology is referring to a group of food itself being considered as herbal medicine without a boundary of usage. Under the guidance of this food/medicine principle, the current study aims to develop anti-depressant from this food/medicine catalog. The herbal mixture of Sesami Semen Nigrum and Longan Arillus was evaluated in cultured PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells, rat primary cortical neurons, and in chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depressive rat model. The combination of two ethanolic extracts of Sesami Semen Nigrum and Longan Arillus in 1 : 1 ratio mimicked the function of nerve growth factor (NGF) and synergistically induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Besides, the expression and phosphorylation of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) of the cultured cells were also elevated. This neurotrophic activity of herbal mixture was further supported by the increased expressions of biomarkers for neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in cortical neurons. Moreover, the depressed rats were soothed by the intake of herbal mixture, showing improved performance in behavior tests, as well as reversed levels of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors. Our results provide a new way to make full use of the current food/medicine resources, as to accelerate the development of therapeutics for depression.
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Wannavijit S, Outama P, Le Xuan C, Lumsangkul C, Lengkidworraphiphat P, Tongsiri S, Chitmanat C, Doan HV. Modulatory effects of longan seed powder on growth performance, immune response, and immune-antioxidant related gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised under biofloc system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:460-468. [PMID: 35339660 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of longan seed powder (LS) on the growth performance, immunological response, and immune-antioxidant related gene expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three hundred fish (13.82 ± 0.06 g) were divided into five experiments and fed 5 diets, including the basal diet (control without LS) and basal diet containing 10 (LS10), 20 (LS20), 40 (LS40), and 80 (LS80) g kg-1 LS for eight weeks. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was utilised. The growth performance and immune response were measured at weeks 4 and 8 post feeding, while the gene expressions were determined at the end of the feeding trial. The results revealed that administration of LS could significantly (P < 0.05) improve specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in Nile tilapia as compared to the control group. However, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in survival rates among treatments. LS-supplemented diets showed enhanced serum peroxidase activity (SPA), serum lysozyme activity (SLA), skin mucus lysozyme activity (MLA), and skin mucus peroxidase activity (MPA) at weeks 4 and 8 post-feeding, with the highest values observed in the LS20 diet (P < 0.05). Additionally, LS-supplemented diets significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) immune and antioxidant related gene expressions (IL1, IL8, LBP, GSTa, GPX, and GSR) in the liver and intestine, with highest values observed in the LS20 treatment. The present results confirmed the beneficial effects of LS as a functional feed additive and immunostimulant for Nile Tilapia culture in a biofloc system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreya Wannavijit
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyatida Outama
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chinh Le Xuan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Phattawin Lengkidworraphiphat
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sudaporn Tongsiri
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Chanagun Chitmanat
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Exhaustive Plant Profile of “Dimocarpus longan Lour” with Significant Phytomedicinal Properties: A Literature Based-Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: “Dimocarpus longan Lour” is a tropical and subtropical evergreen tree species mainly found in China, India, and Thailand; this plant, found naturally in Bangladesh, even locally, is used as “kaviraj” medication for treating different diseases, such as gastrointestinal disorders, wounds, fever, snake bites, menstrual problem, chickenpox, bone fractures, neurological disorders, and reproductive health. Different parts of this plant, especially juice pulp, pericarp, seeds, leaves, and flowers, contain a diverse group of botanical phytocompounds, and nutrient components which are directly related to alleviating numerous diseases. This literature-based review provides the most up-to-date data on the ethnomedicinal usages, phytochemical profiling, and bio-pharmacological effects of D. longan Lour based on published scientific articles. Methodology: A literature-based review was conducted by collecting information from various published papers in reputable journals and cited organizations. ChemDraw, a commercial software package, used to draw the chemical structure of the phytochemicals. Results: Various phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols were collected from the various sections of the plant, and other compounds like vitamins and minerals were also obtained from this plant. As a treating agent, this plant displayed many biologicals activities, such as anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-tyrosinase, radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-microbial, activation of osteoblast differentiation, anti-fungal, immunomodulatory, probiotic, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, obesity, neurological issues, and suppressive effect on macrophages cells. Different plant parts have displayed better activity in different disease conditions. Still, the compounds, such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin acid, quercetin, 4-O-methyl gallic acid, and (-)-epicatechin showed better activity in the biological system. Gallic acid, corilagin, and ellagic acid strongly exhibited anti-cancer activity in the HepG2, A549, and SGC 7901 cancer cell lines. Additionally, 4-O-methyl gallic acid and (-)-epicatechin have displayed outstanding antioxidant activity as well as anti-cancer activity. Conclusion: This plant species can be considered an alternative source of medication for some diseases as it contains a potential group of chemical constituents.
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Lai T, Shuai L, Han D, Lai Z, Du X, Guo X, Hu W, Wu Z, Luo T. Comparative metabolomics reveals differences in primary and secondary metabolites between "Shixia" and "Chuliang" longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pulp. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5785-5799. [PMID: 34646546 PMCID: PMC8498058 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Longan was a characteristic fruit for both medicine and food in China, which was rich in primary and secondary metabolites. Comprehensive high-throughput identification and comparison of metabolites in longan pulp among different varieties were still lacked. "Shixia" (SX) and "Chuliang" (CL) were the biggest major cultivars of longan in China. In this study, the content of total soluble solid, total flavonoid, and total phenolics indicated the difference of sweetness and bioactive compound content between the SX and CL pulp. Through a widely targeted metabolome, a total of 514 metabolites were identified and categorized into 23 groups mainly including flavonoids, amino acids & derivatives, lipids, phenolic acids, nucleotides & derivatives, alkaloids, organic acids and sugars & derivatives. A total of 89 metabolites with significantly differential accumulation (variable importance in projection (VIP) value ≧1, p-value <.05) over 1.2 fold were found between SX and CL, which were mainly enriched into pathways including flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and arginine and proline metabolism. Higher leveled hexose and hexose-phosphate (i.e., β-D-glucose, D(+)-glucose, glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate), dominant organic acids (i.e., citric acid, succinic acid, D-malic acid, and citramalate), and essential amino acids (L-threonine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine and L-lysine) in SX pulp might be contributed to the taste and flavor difference between SX and CL. Moreover, the greatly differential accumulated secondary metabolites especially flavonoids and phenolic acids might result in different medicinal and nutritional characteristic between SX and CL. In conclusion, this study provided a systemic metabolic basis for understanding the nutritional differences between SX and CL and would help deepen the molecular biology and pharmacology research on characteristic metabolites in longan pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lai
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Liang Shuai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering/Institute of Food Science and Engineering TechnologyHezhou UniversityHezhouChina
| | - Dongmei Han
- Institute of Fruit Tree ResearchGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource UtilizationMinistry of AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Ziying Lai
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinxin Du
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenshun Hu
- Fruit Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
| | - Zhenxian Wu
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Luo
- College of HorticultureSouth China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products PreservationMinistry of EducationGuangzhouChina
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Huang S, Han D, Wang J, Guo D, Li J. Floral Induction of Longan ( Dimocarpus longan) by Potassium Chlorate: Application, Mechanism, and Future Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670587. [PMID: 34163509 PMCID: PMC8215610 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan L.) is one of the most important tropical and subtropical fruits in the world. Longan fruit has high nutritional and medical value, and is regarded as a treasure among fruits. Since it was first reported that potassium chlorate (KClO3) could be successfully applied to promote flowering in longan, this compound has been widely used in the production of on-season and off-season longan fruits. KClO3 has thus played a great role in promoting the development of the longan industry. In this review, we summarize the application methods, influencing factors, and physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with KClO3-mediated induction of longan flowering. It can be deduced that leaves may play a crucial role in the transport of and response to KClO3. Leaves supply carbon and nitrogen nutrition, and hormone and signaling molecules needed for the differentiation of apical buds. Moreover, cytokinins may be crucial for KClO3-mediated induction of longan flowering. More effort should be focused on studying the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. This will not only help us to better understand floral induction by KClO3 in longan but also enrich our understanding of flowering regulation mechanisms in woody plants.
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11
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Guiler W, Koehler A, Boykin C, Lu Q. Pharmacological Modulators of Small GTPases of Rho Family in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:661612. [PMID: 34054432 PMCID: PMC8149604 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.661612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Rho GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, are members of the Ras small GTPase superfamily and play essential roles in a variety of cellular functions. Rho GTPase signaling can be turned on and off by specific GEFs and GAPs, respectively. These features empower Rho GTPases and their upstream and downstream modulators as targets for scientific research and therapeutic intervention. Specifically, significant therapeutic potential exists for targeting Rho GTPases in neurodegenerative diseases due to their widespread cellular activity and alterations in neural tissues. This study will explore the roles of Rho GTPases in neurodegenerative diseases with focus on the applications of pharmacological modulators in recent discoveries. There have been exciting developments of small molecules, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and natural products and toxins for each classical Rho GTPase category. A brief overview of each category followed by examples in their applications will be provided. The literature on their roles in various diseases [e.g., Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Multiple sclerosis (MS)] highlights the unique and broad implications targeting Rho GTPases for potential therapeutic intervention. Clearly, there is increasing knowledge of therapeutic promise from the discovery of pharmacological modulators of Rho GTPases for managing and treating these conditions. The progress is also accompanied by the recognition of complex Rho GTPase modulation where targeting its signaling can improve some aspects of pathogenesis while exacerbating others in the same disease model. Future directions should emphasize the importance of elucidating how different Rho GTPases work in concert and how they produce such widespread yet different cellular responses during neurodegenerative disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurogenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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12
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Huang H, Li M, Wang Y, Wu X, Shen J, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Wu Z, Ji H, Zhang C, Li J, Wen Q, Kaboli PJ, Cho CH, Wang S, Wang Y, He Y, Wu X. Excessive Intake of Longan Arillus Alters gut Homeostasis and Aggravates Colitis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640417. [PMID: 33841158 PMCID: PMC8033040 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Longan is the fruit of Dimocarpus longan Lour. and the longan arillus has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine possessing various health benefits. However, the excessive intake of longan is found in daily life to cause "shanghuo" syndrome. "Shanghuo" has been linked to increased disease susceptibility. The present study thus aimed to investigate the toxicological outcomes after excessive longan treatment. Methods: Longan extract at a normal dosage of 4 g/kg and two excess dosages of 8 and 16 g/kg was orally administered to normal C57BL/6J mice for two weeks or to C57BL/6J mice with DSS-induced colitis. Mouse gut microbiome were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents in colonic contents were measured by GC-MS. Colon tissue was used for histopathological observation after H and E staining, detection of protein expression by western blot, analysis of gene expression by qPCR, and detection of apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay. ELISA was used for biochemical analysis in serum. Results: In normal mice, repeated longan intake at excess doses, but not the normal dose, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, elevated serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and reduced production of SCFAs. In DSS-induced colitic mice, longan intake at 4 g/kg did not promote colitis in mice, while excessive longan (8 or 16 g/kg) aggravated colitis in mice, showing increased inflammation, more serious histological abnormalities, increased gut permeability, and increased epithelia injury when compared to DSS alone. Excessive longan induced a significant reduction of microbial diversity in colitic mice, accompanied with aggravated alterations of DSS-associated bacteria including the increase of Proteobacteria phylum and genera of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Turicibacter and Escherchia-Shigella, and the decrease of norank_f__Muribaculaceae. The changed microbial compositions were accompanied with decreased SCFAs when longan was supplemented with DSS. The aggravated colon injury by excessive intake of longan in colitic mice was tightly correlated with the altered microbial communities and decreased SCFAs production. Conclusion: Excessive longan intake disturbs gut homeostasis and aggravates colitis via promoting inflammation and altering gut microbe compositions and associated metabolism in mice. Our findings warrant rational longan arillus consumption as a dietary supplement or herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huijiao Ji
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yisheng He
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
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Li H, Lei T, Zhang J, Yan Y, Wang N, Song C, Li C, Sun M, Li J, Guo Y, Yang J, Kang T. Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Aril ameliorates cognitive impairment in AD mice induced by combination of D-gal/AlCl 3 and an irregular diet via RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113612. [PMID: 33249246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Alzheimer's disease (AD) is identified as "forgetfulness" or "dementia", and it can be caused by spleen deficiency. Longan Aril (the aril of Dimocarpus longan Lour., LA) is a kind of Chinese medicine, and it can improve intelligence attributed to entering the spleen-meridian. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of LA on AD mice with spleen deficiency, and to understand anti-AD mechanism of LA. MATERIAL AND METHODS A mouse model of AD with spleen deficiency was established by D-gal (140 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) and AlCl3 (20 mg/kg, intragastrical administration) in combination with an irregular diet for 60 days, in which mice in LA group were daily given LA (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg). The anti-AD effects of LA were evaluated by the Morris water maze, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Nissl, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. The anti-AD mechanism of LA was studied by using metabolomics, and the expressions of RAS/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS LA improved learning and memory abilities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, and form and number of Nissl bodies, while reduced the levels of Aβ42, phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), histological injury, and apoptosis rate in AD group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). The anti-AD mechanism of LA may be related to RAS/MEK/ERK and other signaling pathways, in which the expressions of RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathway-related proteins significantly reduced (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS LA could improve the cognitive ability and reduce the pathologic impairment in AD mice, which might be partly mediated via inhibition of RAS/MEK/ERK singling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- The Ministry of National Education Key Lab for TCM Visceral Manifestations Theory and Application, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110032, China; Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
| | - Tianrong Lei
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jianghua Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yuhui Yan
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Chang Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Tingguo Kang
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China
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Modulation of Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells by Polypyrrole: The Impact on Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020501. [PMID: 33419082 PMCID: PMC7825406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The active role of biomaterials in the regeneration of tissues and their ability to modulate the behavior of stem cells in terms of their differentiation is highly advantageous. Here, polypyrrole, as a representantive of electro-conducting materials, is found to modulate the behavior of embryonic stem cells. Concretely, the aqueous extracts of polypyrrole induce neurogenesis within embryonic bodies formed from embryonic stem cells. This finding ledto an effort to determine the physiological cascade which is responsible for this effect. The polypyrrole modulates signaling pathways of Akt and ERK kinase through their phosphorylation. These effects are related to the presence of low-molecular-weight compounds present in aqueous polypyrrole extracts, determined by mass spectroscopy. The results show that consequences related to the modulation of stem cell differentiation must also be taken into account when polypyrrole is considered as a biomaterial.
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Tandee K, Kittiwachana S, Mahatheeranont S. Antioxidant activities and volatile compounds in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) wine produced by incorporating longan seeds. Food Chem 2020; 348:128921. [PMID: 33540299 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of dried longan, one of the major processed fruits in Thailand, contain several bioactive compounds. In this study, we developed longan wine by incorporating its seeds during juice preparation and evaluated the antioxidant activities and volatile compounds in different conditions. The results suggested that Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC-1118 was suitable for fermentation of longan juice supplemented with 50% seed and 20% initial soluble solids at an optimal temperature of 30 °C. Different yeast strains showed various extents of antioxidant activities; however, the fermentation temperature and initial soluble solids of longan juice had little effect on the inhibition of reactive species. Antioxidant activities were significantly increased with increasing seed content. Dominant volatile compounds, which were independent of the winemaking conditions, were found to be phenethyl alcohol, 2,3-butylene glycol, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, ethyl hydrogen succinate, and 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol. These compounds highly influenced the antioxidant activities of longan wine produced by incorporating the seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Tandee
- Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Sila Kittiwachana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Research Center on Chemistry for the Development of Health-Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sugunya Mahatheeranont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Research Center on Chemistry for the Development of Health-Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Wang J, Guo D, Han D, Pan X, Li J. A comprehensive insight into the metabolic landscape of fruit pulp, peel, and seed in two longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) varieties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1815767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical17 Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical17 Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical17 Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuewen Pan
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical17 Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianguang Li
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical17 Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Phytochemical constituents and biological activities of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Peng Y, Fang T, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zeng L. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Longan (Dimocarpus longan L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9020221. [PMID: 32046357 PMCID: PMC7076634 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Auxin response factor (ARF) is the key regulator involved in plant development. Despite their physiological importance identified in various woody plants, the functions of ARF genes in longan were still not clear. In this study, 17 longan ARF genes (DlARF) were identified using the reference longan genome data. According to the phylogenetic relationships among longan, Arabidopsis and apple, DlARFs were divided into four classes. Most DlARFs showed a closer relationship with ARFs from apple than those from Arabidopsis. The analysis of gene structure and domain revealed high similarity of different ARF genes in the same class. Typical features of B3-type DNA binding domain (DBD) motif, Auxin Resp motifs, and a highly conserved C-terminal Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domain were present in all DlARFs except for DlARF-2,-3,-13 which lacked PBI domain. Expression profiles of 17 DlARF genes in longan different tissues showed that some DlARF genes were tissues-specific genes. Analysis of three longan transcriptomes showed seven DlARFs (DlARF-1,-2,-6,-8,-9,-11,-16) had higher expression levels during floral bud differentiation of common longan and in the buds of 'Sijimi', suggesting these genes may promote floral bud differentiation in longan. Further qPCR analysis showed that among seven DlARF genes, the expression levels of DlARF-2,-6,-11,-16 increased significantly during the physiological differentiation stage of longan floral buds, confirming that they may play a role in flowering induction. Promoter sequence analysis revealed cis-elements related to flowering induction such as low-temperature responsiveness motif and circadian control motif. Motifs linked with hormone response for instance Auxin, MeJA, Gibberellin, and Abscisic acid were also found in promoters. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the ARF gene family in longan. Our findings could provide new insights into the complexity of the regulation of ARFs at the transcription level that may be useful to develop breeding strategies to improve development or promote flowering in longan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.P.); (T.F.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.P.); (T.F.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yiyong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.P.); (T.F.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.P.); (T.F.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.P.); (T.F.); (Y.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence:
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Rong Y, Yang R, Yang Y, Wen Y, Liu S, Li C, Hu Z, Cheng X, Li W. Structural characterization of an active polysaccharide of longan and evaluation of immunological activity. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 213:247-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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The effect of Longan Arillus extract on enhancing oral absorption of bioactive peptides derived from defatted walnut meal hydrolysates. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Huang F, Liu H, Zhang R, Dong L, Liu L, Ma Y, Jia X, Wang G, Zhang M. Physicochemical properties and prebiotic activities of polysaccharides from longan pulp based on different extraction techniques. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:344-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ko YH, Kwon SH, Ma SX, Seo JY, Lee BR, Kim K, Kim SY, Lee SY, Jang CG. The memory-enhancing effects of 7,8,4’-trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of daidzein, are associated with activation of the cholinergic system and BDNF signaling pathway in mice. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang R, Khan SA, Lin Y, Guo D, Pan X, Liu L, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Zhang M. Phenolic profiles and cellular antioxidant activity of longan pulp of 24 representative Chinese cultivars. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1425705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sher Ali Khan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yaosheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuewen Pan
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhencheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of longanlactone analogues as neurotrophic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:673-676. [PMID: 29402744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Longanlactone analogues were synthesized using a route featuring Friedel-Crafts acylation, Sonogashira coupling and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Structure-activity relationships were investigated for neurotrophic activity. Compound 6 was found to have the most potent neurotrophic activity among all the synthesized analogues in Neuro2a cells as evidenced by a battery of in vitro/cell based assays for assessment of neurogenic and potential neurotrophic activity including neurite outgrowth assay and real time PCR for popular markers of augmented neurotrophic activity. Compound 6 might serve as a template for further development of highly effective neurotrophic molecules.
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A First Phylogeny of the Genus Dimocarpus and Suggestions for Revision of Some Taxa Based on Molecular and Morphological Evidence. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6716. [PMID: 28751754 PMCID: PMC5532229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimocarpus longan, commonly known as the longan, belongs to the family Sapindaceae, and is one of the most economically important fruits commonly cultivated in several regions in Asia. There are various cultivars of longan throughout the Thai-Malay peninsula region, but until now no phylogenetic analysis has been undertaken to determine the genetic relatedness of these cultivars. To address this issue, 6 loci, namely ITS2, matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, trnL-I and trnL-trnF were amplified and sequenced from 40 individuals consisting of 26 longan cultivars 2 types of lychee and 8 herbarium samples. The sequencing results were used to construct a phylogenetic tree using the neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) criteria. The tree showed cryptic groups of D. longan from the Thailand-Malaysia region (Dimocarpus longan spp.). This is the first report of the genetic relationship of Dimocarpus based on multi-locus molecular markers and morphological characteristics. Multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic trees and species delimitation support that Dimocarpus longan spp. longan var. obtusus and Dimocarpus longan spp. malesianus var. malesianus should be placed into a higher order and are two additional species in the genus Dimocarpus. Therefore these two species require nomenclatural changes as Dimocarpus malesianus and Dimocarpus obtusus, respectively.
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Bai Y, Liu L, Zhang R, Huang F, Deng Y, Zhang M. Ultrahigh pressure-assisted enzymatic extraction maximizes the yield of longan pulp polysaccharides and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:214-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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He Y, Du Z, Ma S, Cheng S, Jiang S, Liu Y, Li D, Huang H, Zhang K, Zheng X. Biosynthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Anticancer Effects Against Prostate Cancer (PC-3) Cells of Silver Nanoparticles Using Dimocarpus Longan Lour. Peel Extract. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:300. [PMID: 27316741 PMCID: PMC4912549 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are developing more important roles as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for cancers with the improvement of eco-friendly synthesis methods. This study demonstrates the biosynthesis, antibacterial activity, and anticancer effects of silver nanoparticles using Dimocarpus Longan Lour. peel aqueous extract. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). The bactericidal properties of the synthesized AgNPs were observed via the agar dilution method and the growth inhibition test. The cytotoxicity effect was explored on human prostate cancer PC-3 cells in vitro by trypan blue assay. The expressions of phosphorylated stat 3, bcl-2, survivin, and caspase-3 were examined by Western blot analysis. The longan peel extract acted as a strong reducing and stabilizing agent during the synthesis. Water-soluble AgNPs of size 9-32 nm was gathered with a face-centered cubic structure. The AgNPs had potent bactericidal activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with a dose-related effect. AgNPs also showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against PC-3 cells through a decrease of stat 3, bcl-2, and survivin, as well as an increase in caspase-3. These findings confirm the bactericidal properties and explored a potential anticancer application of AgNPs for prostate cancer therapy. Further research should be focused on the comprehensive study of molecular mechanism and in vivo effects on the prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Du
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijing Ma
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shupeng Cheng
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Jiang
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghusen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Dongli Li
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huarong Huang
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xi Zheng
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghusen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Sheu SY, Fu YT, Huang WD, Chen YA, Lei YC, Yao CH, Hsu FL, Kuo TF. Evaluation of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Potential and In vivo Hypouricemic Activity of Dimocarpus longan Lour. Extracts. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S206-12. [PMID: 27279708 PMCID: PMC4883080 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.182176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longan is a fruit tree known to contain many phenolic components, which are capable of protecting people from oxidative damage through an anti-inflammatory mechanism. It may be also worthwhile to study the effect on lowering uric acid activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study investigates the lowering of uric acid using longan extracts, including flowers, pericarps, seeds, leaves, and twigs, on potassium-oxonate-induced hyperuricemia mice and its inhibitory actions against xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. RESULTS The findings revealed that ethyl acetate fraction of longan extracts exhibited strong XO-inhibitory activity, and the flower extracts (IC50 = 115.8 μg/mL) revealed more potent XO-inhibitory activity to those of pericarps (118.9 μg/mL), twigs (125.3 μg/mL), seeds (262.5 μg/mL), and leaves (331.1 μg/mL) in vitro. In addition, different dosages of longan extract (50-100 mg/kg) were administered to hyperuricemic mice. The lowering effect of longan extracts on uric acid at 75 mg/kg markedly reduced plasma uric acid levels in decreasing order: Flowers (80%) > seeds (72%) > pericarps (64%) > twigs (59%) > leaves (41%), compared with allopurinol (89%). Finally, 10 isolated phytochemicals from longan flowers were then examined in vitro. The results indicated that proanthocyanidin A2 and acetonylgeraniin A significantly inhibited XO activity in vitro. This is the first report providing new insights into the urate-reducing effect of phenolic dimer and hydrolyzable tannin, which can be developed to potential hypouricemic agents. SUMMARY Longan flower extracts possess more potent XO-inhibitory activity than pericarps, twigs, seeds, and leaves in vitroThe lowering effect of longan flowers and seeds extracts markedly reduced plasma uric acid levels as compared to allopurinol in vivoThe extract proanthocyanidin A2 and acetonylgeraniin A were demonstrated potent XO inhibitory activity in vitro Abbreviations used: PO: Potassium-oxonate, XO: xanthine oxidase, HE: n-hexane, EA: ethyl acetate, i.p.: intraperitoneal, PBS: phosphate-buffered saline, AP: allopurinol, PUA: plasma uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Sheu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung Branch, Taiwan; Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung Branch, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tsung Fu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Dar Huang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ann Chen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Lei
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Lin Hsu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Fu Kuo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taiwan
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Min T, Sun J, Yi Y, Wang HX, Hang F, Ai YW, Wang LM. Microanalysis, Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Polysaccharide-Protein Complexes from Longan Pulp in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24403-16. [PMID: 26501257 PMCID: PMC4632757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A high performance size exclusion-fluorescence detection (HPSEC-FD) method combined with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) prelabeling was established for the microanalysis of polysaccharide-protein complexes from longan pulp (LPP). FITC-labeled LPP (LPPF) was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography. The weight-average molecular weight and FITC substitution degree of LPPF were 39.01 kDa and 0.20%, respectively. The HPSEC-FD calibration curves linear over the range of 1-200 µg/mL in mouse plasma, spleen and lung samples with correlation coefficients greater than 0.995. The inter-day and intra-day precisions of the method were not more than 6.9%, and the relative recovery ranged from 93.7% to 106.4%. The concentration-time curve of LPPF in plasma following intravenous (i.v.) administration at 40 mg/kg body weight well fitted to a two-compartment model. LPPF rapidly eliminated from plasma according to the short half-lives (t1/2α=2.23 min, t1/2β=39.11 min) and mean retention times (MRT0-t=1.15 h, MRT0-∞=1.39 h). After administration over 5 to 360 min, the concentration of LPPF in spleen homogenate decreased from 7.41 to 3.68 µg/mL; the concentration in lung homogenate decreased from 9.08 to 3.40 µg/mL. On the other hand, the increasing concentration of LPPF fraction with low molecular weight in heart homogenate was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Min
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yang Yi
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Hong-Xun Wang
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Fei Hang
- Sericultural & Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - You-Wei Ai
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Li-Mei Wang
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Lin Y, Lai Z, Tian Q, Lin L, Lai R, Yang M, Zhang D, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Endogenous target mimics down-regulate miR160 mediation of ARF10, -16, and -17 cleavage during somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:956. [PMID: 26594219 PMCID: PMC4633511 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA160 plays a critical role in plant development by negatively regulating the auxin response factors ARF10, -16, and -17. However, the ways in which miR160 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level, and how miR160 interacts with its targets during plant embryo development, remain unknown. Here, we studied the regulatory relationships among endogenous target mimics (eTMs), and miR160 and its targets, and their involvement in hormone signaling and somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Dimocarpus longan. We identified miR160 family members and isolated the miR160 precursor, primary transcript, and promoter. The promoter contained cis-acting elements responsive to stimuli such as light, abscisic acid, salicylic acid (SA) and heat stress. The pri-miR160 was down-regulated in response to SA but up-regulated by gibberellic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate treatment, suggesting that pri-miR160 was associated with hormone transduction. Dlo-miR160a, -a(∗) and -d(∗) reached expression peaks in torpedo-shaped embryos, globular embryos and cotyledonary embryos, respectively, but were barely detectable in friable-embryogenic callus. This suggests that they have expression-related and functional diversity, especially during the middle and later developmental stages of SE. Four potential eTMs for miR160 were identified. Two of them, glucan endo-1,3-beta- glucosidase-like protein 2-like and calpain-type cysteine protease DEK1, were confirmed to control the corresponding dlo-miR160a(∗) expression level. This suggests that they may function to abolish the binding between dlo-miR160a(∗) and its targets. These two eTMs also participated in 2,4-D and ABA signal transduction. DlARF10, -16, and -17 targeting by dlo-miR160a was confirmed; their expression levels were higher in friable-embryogenic callus and incomplete compact pro-embryogenic cultures and responded to 2,4-D, suggesting they may play a major role in the early stages of longan SE dependent on 2,4-D. The eTMs, miR160, and ARF10, -16, and -17 exhibited tissue specificity in 'Sijimi' longan vegetative and reproductive organs, but were not significant negatively correlated. These results provide insights into the possible role of the eTM-miR160-ARF10-16-17 pathway in longan somatic embryo development.
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Lin Y, Lai Z, Tian Q, Lin L, Lai R, Yang M, Zhang D, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Endogenous target mimics down-regulate miR160 mediation of ARF10, -16, and -17 cleavage during somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 26594219 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-015-0420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA160 plays a critical role in plant development by negatively regulating the auxin response factors ARF10, -16, and -17. However, the ways in which miR160 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level, and how miR160 interacts with its targets during plant embryo development, remain unknown. Here, we studied the regulatory relationships among endogenous target mimics (eTMs), and miR160 and its targets, and their involvement in hormone signaling and somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Dimocarpus longan. We identified miR160 family members and isolated the miR160 precursor, primary transcript, and promoter. The promoter contained cis-acting elements responsive to stimuli such as light, abscisic acid, salicylic acid (SA) and heat stress. The pri-miR160 was down-regulated in response to SA but up-regulated by gibberellic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate treatment, suggesting that pri-miR160 was associated with hormone transduction. Dlo-miR160a, -a(∗) and -d(∗) reached expression peaks in torpedo-shaped embryos, globular embryos and cotyledonary embryos, respectively, but were barely detectable in friable-embryogenic callus. This suggests that they have expression-related and functional diversity, especially during the middle and later developmental stages of SE. Four potential eTMs for miR160 were identified. Two of them, glucan endo-1,3-beta- glucosidase-like protein 2-like and calpain-type cysteine protease DEK1, were confirmed to control the corresponding dlo-miR160a(∗) expression level. This suggests that they may function to abolish the binding between dlo-miR160a(∗) and its targets. These two eTMs also participated in 2,4-D and ABA signal transduction. DlARF10, -16, and -17 targeting by dlo-miR160a was confirmed; their expression levels were higher in friable-embryogenic callus and incomplete compact pro-embryogenic cultures and responded to 2,4-D, suggesting they may play a major role in the early stages of longan SE dependent on 2,4-D. The eTMs, miR160, and ARF10, -16, and -17 exhibited tissue specificity in 'Sijimi' longan vegetative and reproductive organs, but were not significant negatively correlated. These results provide insights into the possible role of the eTM-miR160-ARF10-16-17 pathway in longan somatic embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Qilin Tian
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixia Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruilian Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Manman Yang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongmin Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
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Jiang J, Meng FY, He Z, Ning YL, Li XH, Song H, Wang J, Zhou R. Sulfated modification of longan polysaccharide and its immunomodulatory and antitumor activity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:323-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Meng FY, Ning YL, Qi J, He Z, Jie J, Lin JJ, Huang YJ, Li FS, Li XH. Structure and antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Dimocarpus longan pulp. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5140-62. [PMID: 24663085 PMCID: PMC3975445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15035140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new water-soluble polysaccharide (longan polysaccharide 1 (LP1)) was extracted and successfully purified from Dimocarpus longan pulp via diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose anion-exchange and Sephacryl S-300 HR gel chromatography. The chemical structure was determined using Infrared (IR), gas chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The results indicated that the molecular weight of the sample was 1.1 × 10(5) Da. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that LP1 was composed of Glc, GalA, Ara and Gal in a molar ratio of 5.39:1.04:0.74:0.21. Structural analysis indicated that LP1 consisted of a backbone of → 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-D-GALPA-(1 → 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → units with poly saccharide side chains composed of → 2)-β-D-Fruf-(1 → 2)-L-sorbose-(1 → attached to the O-6 position of the α-D-Glcp residues. In vitro experiments indicated that LP1 had significantly high antitumor activity against SKOV3 and HO8910 tumor cells, with inhibition percentages of 40% and 50%, respectively. In addition, LP1 significantly stimulated the production of the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ), increased the activity of murine macrophages and enhanced B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation. The results of this study demonstrate that LP1 has potential applications as a natural antitumor agent with immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Yan Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yuan-Ling Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Nursing College, No. 209 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150036, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Zhou He
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jiang Jie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Juan-Juan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Fu-Sen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xue-Hua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Prebiotic activity score and bioactive compounds in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.): influence of pectinase in enzyme-assisted extraction. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 51:1947-55. [PMID: 25190850 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The optimal extraction of bioactive compounds from longan fruit pulp using Pectinex® Ultra SP-L pectinase hydrolysis of the fruit homogenate was evaluated. The highest degree of hydrolysis (DH), as determined by the amount of reducing sugars released from the longan pulp, was obtained at a pectinase concentration of 2.5 % (v/w) (257 polygalacturonase units/g fruit) for 4 h. The level of bioactive compounds obtained from the pectinase-treated longan pulp increased with increasing DH to a maximum at the highest DH (21 %) obtained, with an antioxidant activity of 0.083 EC50 μg fresh mass (FM)/μg diphenyl-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium and 92.7 μM Trolox equivalent/g FM, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the 21 % DH extract were 196.0 mg gallic acid equivalents/g FM and 19.6 mg catechin equivalents/g FM, respectively. The 21 % DH longan extract showed an enhanced (3.6- to 4.0-fold) inhibition of lipid peroxidation of oil compared to the untreated (0 % DH) extract. In addition, the 21 % DH longan extract had the highest soluble dietary fiber content, which was related to the decreased particle size of 345 μM, and displayed enhanced prebiotic activity scores of 1.69 and 1.44 for Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidabacterium lactis Bb12, respectively. Most of the 33 detected volatile compounds differed in their relative proportions after enzymic extraction (15 increased, 15 decreased with three showing no significant change) with the 0 % and 21 % DH hydrolysates exhibiting 25 and 22 different volatile compounds, respectively, with 11 and eight unique compounds between them, respectively.
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Yang L, Fu S, Khan MA, Zeng W, Fu J. Molecular cloning and development of RAPD-SCAR markers for Dimocarpus longan variety authentication. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:501. [PMID: 24130961 PMCID: PMC3795202 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As an edible fruit and source of traditional medicine, D. longan is grown in most areas of Southern China. Identification of D. longan cultivars by using molecular markers is important genetically. In this study, we cloned fragments from improved randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and developed stably diagnostic sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The specific RAPD bands of D. longan cultivars from Guangxi, with size ranging from 500 bp to 900 bp were gel-purified, cloned and sequenced. Four clones named LY2-1, LY4-7, LY4-8 and LY5-2 were identified. In order to investigate whether the fragments were specific for the species, four pairs of SCAR primers were then designed. PCR amplifications were conducted to analyze 18 samples including different D. longan cultivars and other species. The specific bands with expected sizes were amplified in five D. longan samples but not in others. To identify and characterize the difference between D. longan and D. confinis, PCR amplifications were performed again. The specific bands with expected sizes were found in D. longan but not in D. confinis by SCAR markers LY2-1, LY4-7 and LY5-2, respectively. These results showed that our developed SCAR markers could be very useful as a specific D. longan variety authentication. Therefore, our study provides an effective and precise PCR-based diagnostic method and markers to identify D. longan species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luquan Yang
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000 China
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Yi Y, Huang F, Zhang MW, Zhang RF, Deng YY, Wei ZC, He JR. Solution properties and in vitro anti-tumor activities of polysaccharides from longan pulp. Molecules 2013; 18:11601-13. [PMID: 24051475 PMCID: PMC6270385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The solution properties of four fractions (LPI-IV) from crude longan pulp polysaccharides (LP3) were analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering, viscometry, complex formation with Congo red, and atomic force microscopy. Their radii of gyration (z)(½) were 43.3, 62.6, 43.2 and 77.3 nm, exponents of (z)(½) = k M(w)(v) were 0.04, 0.50, 0.52 and 0.02, and intrinsic viscosities ([η]) were 9.945, 25.38, 308.2 and 452.1 mL/g, respectively. Moreover, the dependence of [η] on M(w) was established to be [η] = 5.3 × 10⁻²M(w)⁰·⁶¹ (mL/g). LPI had both a sphere-like conformation and a triple-helix structure, and LPII-IV existed as flexible chains. LP3, LPI, LPII and LPIII all exhibited direct inhibitory effects on A549, HeLa and HepG2 cells in a positive dose-dependent manner in the range of 50-400 µg/mL. The activities of LPIII, especially the inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation, were stronger than those of others, which may be partly related to its flexible conformation. The present results support the cancer therapeutic potential of longan polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Ming-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Rui-Fen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Zhen-Cheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Jing-Ren He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Lee CH, Kim JM, Kim DH, Park SJ, Liu X, Cai M, Hong JG, Park JH, Ryu JH. Effects of Sun Ginseng on Memory Enhancement and Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1293-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeong Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Seoul; 151-742; Republic of Korea
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Hong JG, Kim DH, Lee CH, Park SJ, Kim JM, Cai M, Jang DS, Ryu JH. GSK-3β activity in the hippocampus is required for memory retrieval. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 98:122-9. [PMID: 22800848 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several molecules were recently found to be important for the memory retrieval process in the hippocampus; however, the mechanisms underlying the memory retrieval remain poorly understood. GSK-3β has been implicated in the control of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Here, we investigated the relationship between hippocampal GSK-3β activity and memory retrieval using behavioral and Western blotting methods. We found that GSK-3β was activated in the hippocampus after a retention session in the passive avoidance task. An intrahippocampal injection of the GSK-3β inhibitor, SB 216763, before the retention session blocked memory retrieval (but not reconsolidation) without affecting locomotor activity. These results suggest that GSK-3β activation would be essential for memory retrieval in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gyu Hong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Yi Y, Zhang MW, Liao ST, Zhang RF, Deng YY, Wei ZC, Yang B. Effects of alkali dissociation on the molecular conformation and immunomodulatory activity of longan pulp polysaccharide (LPI). Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yi Y, Zhang MW, Liao ST, Zhang RF, Deng YY, Wei ZC, Tang XJ, Zhang Y. Structural features and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides of longan pulp. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:636-643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yi Y, Liao ST, Zhang MW, Zhang RF, Deng YY, Yang B, Wei ZC. Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide-protein complex of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pulp. Molecules 2011; 16:10324-36. [PMID: 22158685 PMCID: PMC6264376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules161210324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory function of longan pulp polysaccharide-protein complex (LP3) was investigated in immunosuppressed mice models. Compared with the model control, peroral administration of 100 mgkg−1d−1 LP3 could significantly increase/enhance antibody production against chicken red blood cell (CRBC), concanavalin A (ConA)-induced splenocyte proliferation, macrophage phagocytosis, NK cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma cell, and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion in serum (P < 0.05). The immunomodulatory effects, except for those on splenocytes and macrophages (P > 0.05), were also observed in mice administered with 50 or 200 mgkg−1d−1 LP3 (P < 0.05). The beneficial effects of 50–200 mgkg−1d−1 LP3 were comparable to those of 50 mgkg−1d−1 ganoderan. The strong immunomodulatory activity of LP3 confirmed its good potential as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Bio-Tech Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sen-Tai Liao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Bio-Tech Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Ming-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Bio-Tech Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86-20-8723-7865; Fax: +86-20-8723-6354
| | - Rui-Fen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Bio-Tech Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Bio-Tech Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Bao Yang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhen-Cheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Bio-Tech Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
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Hong JG, Kim DH, Park SJ, Kim JM, Cai M, Liu X, Lee CH, Ryu JH. The memory-enhancing effects of Kami-ondam-tang in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:251-256. [PMID: 21619923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kami-ondam-tang (KOT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat mental and neuropsychiatric disorders, including dementia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of KOT on cognition and the mechanisms underlying these effects in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the passive avoidance task, we investigated the effect of sub-chronic administration of KOT on the cognition of mice. We also examined the expressions of protein kinase B (Akt), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and doublecortin (DCX) in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus regions using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS The administration of KOT (50mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 14 days significantly increased step-through latency in the passive avoidance task compared with vehicle-treated controls. Furthermore, KOT administration (50mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly increased the expressions of phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated CREB and BDNF in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus. In addition, KOT administration resulted in a significant increase in the number of DCX-immunopositive cells in the dentate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that KOT enhances cognitive performance through the upregulation of Akt-CREB-BDNF signaling and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gyu Hong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Yang B, Jiang Y, Shi J, Chen F, Ashraf M. Extraction and pharmacological properties of bioactive compounds from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit — A review. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Physicochemical characteristics and immunomodulatory activities of three polysaccharide-protein complexes of longan pulp. Molecules 2011; 16:6148-64. [PMID: 21778950 PMCID: PMC6264155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16076148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three polysaccharide-protein complexes of longan pulp (LP1-3) were isolated in this work. Their physicochemical characteristics and immunomodulatory effects on splenocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages in vitro were investigated. The carbohydrate portions of LP1-3 were principally composed of glucose, arabinose and mannose. LP3 displayed the maximal moisture absorption, and the thermal stability of LP2 was obviously higher than that of LP1 and LP3. All of them showed the characteristic polysaccharide and protein bands in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum. For a certain dose, all the fractions could significantly stimulate splenocyte proliferation, macrophage phagocytosis against neutral red, and NK cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma cell (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the polysaccharide-protein complexes of longan pulp have medical potential as immunotherapeutic adjuvants due to their immunomodulatory activities.
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Grossman L, Stewart A, Gaikwad S, Utterback E, Wu N, DiLeo J, Frank K, Hart P, Howard H, Kalueff AV. Effects of piracetam on behavior and memory in adult zebrafish. Brain Res Bull 2011; 85:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Song MJ, Kim H. Analysis of ethnoveterinary treatments for cattle (Bos indicus) diseases referred in Sanrimgyeongje including twelve volumes of literature from the 7th to the 18th century. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:474-479. [PMID: 20965239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims at a comprehensive analysis of ethnoveterinary treatment in the cattle-raising section of Sanrimgyeongje which covers 12 different volumes of literature including 4 Korean and 8 Chinese literatures from the 7th to the 18th century, with a special attention to the treatments for cattle diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS The above mentioned literature was analyzed through several steps: translation of the Chinese text into Korean, identification of diseases, verification of medicinal materials and confirmation of scientific names. RESULTS As recorded in the thirteen references, this study shows that there are 143 medicinal materials which have been used as therapies for cattle diseases. Of these, 55 plant species belonging to 52 genera in 29 families had 100 modes of usages, while one species of fungus was used in one way. Likewise, 11 species of animals belonging to 11 genera in 10 families were utilized in 18 different methods. Lastly, 9 kinds of inorganic matters were used in 11 ways with another 4 kinds being useful in 14 different ways. Consequently, each of rinderpests, murrains, and hooves has been treated, respectively with 14, 10 and 3 types of medicinal decoctions made from 35, 18 and 15 kinds of medicinal materials. CONCLUSION This diversified usage of various medicinal materials is incomparable to the modern ethnoveterinary investigation which tends to focus strictly in plants. If additional studies were to be conducted on these treatments and all the medicinal materials used within them, various new treatments and medicines can be developed to supplement the pharmacopoeia of contemporary veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jang Song
- School of Alternative Medicine and Health Science, Jeonju University, 303 Cheonjamro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 560-759, Republic of Korea
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