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Lima Bezerra JJ, Vieira Pinheiro AA, Melo Coutinho HD. Phytochemical and ethnomedicinal evidences of the use of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze against infectious diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118304. [PMID: 38723917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Popularly known as "penicilina" and "terramicina", Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze belongs to the Amaranthaceae family and stands out for its ethnomedicinal uses in the treatment of infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms in some countries. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to carry out a literature review and analyze whether the scientific evidence really validates the numerous indications for the use of A. brasiliana in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. Phytochemical and toxicological studies related to this species were also analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Scientific documents were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, SciELO, SpringerLink®, Scopus®, and Web of Science™ databases. The literature was reviewed from the first report on the antimicrobial activity of A. brasiliana in 1994 until April 2024. RESULTS According to the scientific documents analyzed, it was observed that A. brasiliana is widely used as a natural antibiotic for the treatment of infectious diseases in Brazil, mainly in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso, and Minas Gerais. Its ethnomedicinal uses have also been reported in other countries such as Colombia and India. The leaves (78%) of A. brasiliana are the main parts used in the preparation of herbal medicines by traditional communities. Several A. brasiliana extracts showed low activity when evaluated against pathogens, including gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, parasitic protozoa, and fungi. Only two studies reported that extracts from this plant showed high activity against the herpes simplex virus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Candida albicans. Phytochemicals belonging to the classes of phenolic compounds and flavonoid (52%), saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (33%), steroids and phytosterols (8%), terpenoids (5%), and fatty alcohol esters (2%) were identified in A. brasiliana. Toxicity (in vivo) and cytotoxicity (in vitro) studies of polar and non-polar extracts obtained from A. brasiliana leaves indicated that this plant is biologically safe. CONCLUSION Despite being widely used as a natural antibiotic by traditional communities, scientific investigations related to the antimicrobial potential of A. brasiliana extracts have indicated inactivity against several pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jailson Lima Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anderson Angel Vieira Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Formação de Professores, Rua Sérgio Moreira de Figueiredo s/n, Casas Populares, 58900-000 Cajazeiras, PB, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology-LMBM, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato, 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
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Goyzueta-Mamani LD, Barazorda-Ccahuana HL, Candia-Puma MA, Galdino AS, Machado-de-Avila RA, Giunchetti RC, Medina-Franco JL, Florin-Christensen M, Ferraz Coelho EA, Chávez-Fumagalli MA. Targeting Leishmania infantum Mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase with natural products: potential pH-dependent inhibition explored through computer-aided drug design. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1403203. [PMID: 38873424 PMCID: PMC11169604 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1403203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious public health issue, documented in more than ninety countries, where an estimated 500,000 new cases emerge each year. Regardless of novel methodologies, advancements, and experimental interventions, therapeutic limitations, and drug resistance are still challenging. For this reason, based on previous research, we screened natural products (NP) from Nuclei of Bioassays, Ecophysiology, and Biosynthesis of Natural Products Database (NuBBEDB), Mexican Compound Database of Natural Products (BIOFACQUIM), and Peruvian Natural Products Database (PeruNPDB) databases, in addition to structural analogs of Miglitol and Acarbose, which have been suggested as treatments for VL and have shown encouraging action against parasite's N-glycan biosynthesis. Using computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches, the potential inhibitory effect of these NP candidates was evaluated by inhibiting the Mannosyl-oligosaccharide Glucosidase Protein (MOGS) from Leishmania infantum, an enzyme essential for the protein glycosylation process, at various pH to mimic the parasite's changing environment. Also, computational analysis was used to evaluate the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) profile, while molecular dynamic simulations were used to gather information on the interactions between these ligands and the protein target. Our findings indicated that Ocotillone and Subsessiline have potential antileishmanial effects at pH 5 and 7, respectively, due to their high binding affinity to MOGS and interactions in the active center. Furthermore, these compounds were non-toxic and had the potential to be administered orally. This research indicates the promising anti-leishmanial activity of Ocotillone and Subsessiline, suggesting further validation through in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Goyzueta-Mamani
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Haruna Luz Barazorda-Ccahuana
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Mayron Antonio Candia-Puma
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Peru
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Salvador, Brazil
| | - José L. Medina-Franco
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Florin-Christensen
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Colégio Técnico da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (COLTEC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Peru
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Antileishmanial Activity and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Malachra alceifolia Jacq. Fractions against Leishmania mexicana Amastigotes. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8020115. [PMID: 36828531 PMCID: PMC9960462 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Malachra alceifolia Jacq. (family Malvaceae), known as "malva," is a medicinal plant used as a traditional therapy in many regions of America, Africa and Asia. Traditionally, this plant is used in the form of extracts, powder and paste by populations for treating fever, stomachache, inflammation, and parasites. However, the ethnopharmacological validation of M. alceifolia has been scarcely researched. This study showed that the chloroform fraction (MA-IC) and subfraction (MA-24F) of the leaves of M. alceifolia exhibited a potential antileishmanial activity against axenic amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana pifanoi (MHOM/VE/60/Ltrod) and had high and moderate cytotoxic effects on the viability and morphology of macrophages RAW 264.7. This study reports, for the first time, possible terpenoid metabolites and derivatives present in M. alceifolia with activity against some biosynthetic pathways in L. mexicana amastigotes. The compounds from the subfractions MA-24F were highly active and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and by a molecular docking study in L. mexicana target protein. This study demonstrates the potential modes of interaction and the theoretical affinity energy of the metabolites episwertenol, α-amyrin and methyl commate A, which are present in the active fraction MA-24F, at allosteric sites of the pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, phosphoglucose isomerase, transketolase, arginase and cysteine peptidases A, target proteins in some vital biosynthetic pathways were responsible for the survival of L. mexicana. Some phytoconstituents of M. alceifolia can be used for the search for potential new drugs and molecular targets for treating leishmaniases and infectious diseases. Furthermore, contributions to research and the validation and conservation of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants are needed globally.
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Cervantes-Ceballos L, Sánchez-Hoyos J, Sanchez-Hoyos F, Torres-Niño E, Mercado-Camargo J, Echeverry-Gómez A, Jotty Arroyo K, del Olmo-Fernández E, Gómez-Estrada H. An Overview of Genus Malachra L.-Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2808. [PMID: 36365260 PMCID: PMC9657199 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The genus Malachra L. belongs to the family Malvaceae. It includes herbs or subshrubs of nine accepted species with approximately thirty synonyms, and it has been widely used in community folk medicine to treat health problems including inflammation, nasal obstruction, leishmaniasis, malaria, childbirth, kidney disorders, fever, respiratory tract diseases, among others. From the genus Malachra L., flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, saponins, carbohydrates, phenols, glycosides, and alkaloids have been isolated and identified. Some pharmacological reports have indicated that the genus has antidiarrheal, antiepileptic, antiulcerogenic, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, anthelmintic, and hepatoprotective properties. However, there have been limited studies of bioactive molecules with pharmacological and biological activities associated with Malachra alceifolia Jacq., Malachra capitata (L.) L., Malachra fasciata Jacq., Malachra radiata (L.) L., Malachra ruderalis Gürke., Malachra rudis Benth., Malachra helodes Mart., Malachra urens Poit. ex Ledeb. & Alderstam., and Malachra officinalis Klotzsch. In this review, we consider the conservation of these species to save the ancestral knowledge of their traditional use in populations, and their pharmacological potential for future studies in search of alternatives for solutions to diseases in humans and animals and tools for the design and search of potential bioactive compounds against infectious and non-infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Cervantes-Ceballos
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Campus de Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
| | - Jorge Sánchez-Hoyos
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Campus de Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
| | - Fredys Sanchez-Hoyos
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Campus de Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
| | - Erick Torres-Niño
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Campus de Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
| | - Jairo Mercado-Camargo
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Campus de Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
| | - Amparo Echeverry-Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Campus de Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
| | - Karick Jotty Arroyo
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Campus de Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
| | - Esther del Olmo-Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Área de Química Farmacéutica, Centro de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Harold Gómez-Estrada
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Campus de Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
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Hemachandra GHTK, Thuvaragan S, Sanmugarajah V. Pharmacological screening of Eryngium foetidum Linn – A Review. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v4i4.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eryngium foetidum L. (Family Apiaceae) is a biennial herb, and it is used as a culinary herb and spice across the different countries of the world, including Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, etc. due to its high aroma quality. Also, it is used to treat several ailments, such as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal ailments, and skin diseases among different indigenous populations for its medicinal properties. Based on ethnomedical evidence, many studies have been conducted to identify the phytoconstituents, underlying mechanisms, and related pharmacological effects of different parts of this plant. This study reviewed the current state of findings related to the Pharmacological activities of E. foetidum. Based on this review, this plant is widely used for ethnomedical and culinary purposes. Pharmacological screening of the plant revealed that it had different activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anthelminthic, anticonvulsant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimalarial, larvicidal, and hepatoprotective activities. This review further promised that potential new chemical entities could be elicited from the phytoconstituents of E. foetidum.
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Tattsbridge J, Wiskin C, de Wildt G, Clavé Llavall A, Ramal-Asayag C. HIV understanding, experiences and perceptions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Amazonian Peru: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:728. [PMID: 32429863 PMCID: PMC7238527 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-related incidence and mortality is increasing across Peru, with highest mortality rates recorded in the Amazonian region of Loreto. This epidemic is concentrated in men who have sex with men, a population with 14% HIV treatment adherence despite free national provision. This study investigates barriers and facilitators to following healthcare advice through experiences and perceptions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men and healthcare professionals in Loreto. METHODS Twenty qualitative interviews with HIV-positive men who have sex with men and one focus group with HIV-specialist healthcare professionals were conducted in Loreto, January-February 2019. Interviews were transcribed per verbatim. Thematic content analysis and deviant case analysis were used. RESULTS A culture of isolation and discrimination was identified, propagated by poor public knowledge surrounding HIV transmission and treatment. Employment potential was hampered and 7/20 patients had suicidal thoughts post-diagnosis. Barriers to care included: shame, depression, travel cost/times, a preference for traditional plant-based medicine and side-effects of antiretroviral therapy. Facilitators included: education, family and clinic support, disease acceptance and lifestyle changes. CONCLUSION More effective, focussed community education and workplace discrimination investigations are recommended to reduce stigma and increase adherence to treatment in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Tattsbridge
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Connie Wiskin
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gilles de Wildt
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anna Clavé Llavall
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - César Ramal-Asayag
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital of Loreto, Iquitos, Peru.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
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Malaník M, Treml J, Rjašková V, Tížková K, Kaucká P, Kokoška L, Kubatka P, Šmejkal K. Maytenus macrocarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122288. [PMID: 31226757 PMCID: PMC6630539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maytenus macrocarpa (Celastraceae) is a tree native to Amazonia. Its roots, leaves, bark, and combinations of these are used in traditional medicine mainly to treat rheumatism and, to a lesser extent, to heal wounds and to combat bronchitis and diarrhea. To date, mainly triterpenes and dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes were isolated from M. macrocarpa. Extracts and selected pure compounds isolated from the leaves, roots, and stem bark showed antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities in vitro. The aim of this review is to summarize the available ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological information about this traditional Amazonian medicinal tree, as well as to attract the attention of phytochemists and pharmacognosists to this potentially interesting source of ethnopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Malaník
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Treml
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Rjašková
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Tížková
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Kaucká
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ladislav Kokoška
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Burgos-Edwards A, Theoduloz C, Jiménez-Aspee F, Vargas-Arana G. Male sexual enhancers from the Peruvian Amazon. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:167-179. [PMID: 30339977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Selected Peruvian Amazon plants are macerated into sugar cane distillates to prepare alcoholic beverages used to improve male sexual performance. The tree bark from Campsiandra angustifolia Spruce ex Benth (Fabaceae), Swartzia polyphylla DC (Fabaceae), Minquartia guianensis Aubl. (Olacaceae) and Thynantus panurensis (Bureau) Sandwith (Bignoniaceae) usually are used as crude drugs in mixtures of several ingredients. AIM OF STUDY Describe the chemical composition of the most traded traditional male enhancer beverages, namely "Levántate Lazaro" and "Siete veces sin sacarla", and their single crude drug constituents, as well as their inhibitory activity towards the enzyme phosphodiesterase-5. The presence of pro-sexual drugs such as Sildenafil® and derivatives was assessed in the samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single plant constituents and the preparation mixtures were purchased in the Mercado Belen (Iquitos, Peru). Chemical profiling was carried out by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The extracts were assessed for phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition. The occurrence of pro-sexual drugs was determined by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS Chemical profiling allowed the identification of condensed tannins as the main constituents of C. angustifolia and S. polyphylla, hydrolysable tannins for M. guianensis, and C-glycosides for T. panurensis. The traditional preparations showed similar composition compared to the crude drugs. At 200 µg/mL, the traditional preparation "Levántate Lázaro" and "Siete veces sin sacarla" inhibited the phosphodiesterase-5 by 49.88% and 27.90%, respectively. No adulterations with pro-sexual drugs were found in the samples. From the crude drugs, low effect was found for the extracts of S. polyphylla and T. panurensis and high activity for C. angustifolia which inhibited the enzyme by 89.37% and 81.32% at 200 and 100 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION The traditional preparations used to improve sexual performance in the Peruvian Amazon showed activity as phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. The most active ingredient of the traditional preparations was C. angustifolia, with some contribution from T. panurensis. These results encourage additional studies, including animal models to confirm the male enhancer effect of the preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Programa de Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinaria en Química y Bio-orgánica de Recursos Naturales (PIEI-QUIM-BIO), Universidad de Talca, Chile.
| | - Alberto Burgos-Edwards
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Cristina Theoduloz
- Programa de Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinaria en Química y Bio-orgánica de Recursos Naturales (PIEI-QUIM-BIO), Universidad de Talca, Chile; Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Felipe Jiménez-Aspee
- Programa de Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinaria en Química y Bio-orgánica de Recursos Naturales (PIEI-QUIM-BIO), Universidad de Talca, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario, Dirección de Investigación, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gabriel Vargas-Arana
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana - IIAP, Head, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Peru
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Kauffmann C, Giacomin AC, Arossi K, Pacheco LA, Hoehne L, Freitas EMD, Machado GMDC, Cavalheiro MMDC, Gnoatto SCB, Ethur EM. Antileishmanial in vitro activity of essential oil from Myrciaria plinioides, a native species from Southern Brazil. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000217584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelen Arossi
- University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Brazil
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Benelli G, Maggi F, Pavela R, Murugan K, Govindarajan M, Vaseeharan B, Petrelli R, Cappellacci L, Kumar S, Hofer A, Youssefi MR, Alarfaj AA, Hwang JS, Higuchi A. Mosquito control with green nanopesticides: towards the One Health approach? A review of non-target effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10184-10206. [PMID: 28755145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of highly aggressive arboviruses, parasites, and bacteria along with the development of resistance in the pathogens and parasites, as well as in their arthropod vectors, represents a huge challenge in modern parasitology and tropical medicine. Eco-friendly vector control programs are crucial to fight, besides malaria, the spread of dengue, West Nile, chikungunya, and Zika virus, as well as other arboviruses such as St. Louis encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis. However, research efforts on the control of mosquito vectors are experiencing a serious lack of eco-friendly and highly effective pesticides, as well as the limited success of most biocontrol tools currently applied. Most importantly, a cooperative interface between the two disciplines is still lacking. To face this challenge, we have reviewed a wide number of promising results in the field of green-fabricated pesticides tested against mosquito vectors, outlining several examples of synergy with classic biological control tools. The non-target effects of green-fabricated nanopesticides, including acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and impact on behavioral traits of mosquito predators, have been critically discussed. In the final section, we have identified several key challenges at the interface between "green" nanotechnology and classic biological control, which deserve further research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 16106, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 115, India
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630004, India
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Anders Hofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Reza Youssefi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Babol-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
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11
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Vásquez-Ocmín P, Cojean S, Rengifo E, Suyyagh-Albouz S, Amasifuen Guerra CA, Pomel S, Cabanillas B, Mejía K, Loiseau PM, Figadère B, Maciuk A. Antiprotozoal activity of medicinal plants used by Iquitos-Nauta road communities in Loreto (Peru). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:372-385. [PMID: 28887215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the Peruvian Amazon, the use of medicinal plants is a common practice. However, there is few documented information about the practical aspects of their use and few scientific validation. The starting point for this work was a set of interviews of people living in rural communities from the Peruvian Amazon about their uses of plants. Protozoan diseases are a public health issue in the Amazonian communities, who partly cope with it by using traditional remedies. Validation of these traditional practices contributes to public health care efficiency and may help identify new antiprotozoal compounds. AIMS OF STUDY to inventory and validate the use of medicinal plants by rural people of Loreto region. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rural mestizos were interviewed about traditional medication of parasite infections with medicinal plants. Ethnopharmacological surveys were undertaken in two villages along Iquitos-Nauta road (Loreto region, Peru), namely 13 de Febrero and El Dorado communities. Forty-six plants were collected according to their traditional use for the treatment of parasitic diseases, 50 ethanolic extracts (different parts for some of the plants) were tested in vitro on Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 sensitive strain and W2 chloroquine resistant strain), Leishmania donovani LV9 strain and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Cytotoxic assessment (HUVEC cells) of the active extracts was performed. Two of the most active plants were submitted to preliminary bioguided fractionation to ascertain and explore their activities. RESULTS From the initial plants list, 10 were found to be active on P. falciparum, 15 on L. donovani and 2 on the three parasites. The ethanolic extract from Costus curvibracteatus (Costaceae) leaves and Grias neuberthii (Lecythidaceae) bark showed strong in vitro activity on P. falciparum (sensitive and resistant strain) and L. donovani and moderate activity on T. brucei gambiense. CONCLUSIONS The Amazonian forest communities in Peru represents a source of knowledge on the use of medicinal plants. In this work, several extracts with antiprotozoal activity were identified. This work contributes to validate some traditional uses and opens subsequent investigations on active compounds isolation and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Vásquez-Ocmín
- Equipe "Chimie des substances naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Sandrine Cojean
- Equipe "Chimiothérapie antiparasitaire" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Elsa Rengifo
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Avenida Abelardo Quiñonez Km. 4.5, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Soulaf Suyyagh-Albouz
- Equipe "Chimiothérapie antiparasitaire" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Carlos A Amasifuen Guerra
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Calle Pevas 5ta cuadra, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Sébastien Pomel
- Equipe "Chimiothérapie antiparasitaire" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Billy Cabanillas
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Avenida Abelardo Quiñonez Km. 4.5, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Kember Mejía
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Avenida Abelardo Quiñonez Km. 4.5, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Philippe M Loiseau
- Equipe "Chimiothérapie antiparasitaire" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Bruno Figadère
- Equipe "Chimie des substances naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Alexandre Maciuk
- Equipe "Chimie des substances naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Rojas Rojas T, Bourdy G, Ruiz E, Cerapio JP, Pineau P, Gardon J, Doimi F, Deparis X, Deharo E, Bertani S. Herbal Medicine Practices of Patients With Liver Cancer in Peru: A Comprehensive Study Toward Integrative Cancer Management. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 17:52-64. [PMID: 28088871 PMCID: PMC5950939 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416681642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The highest burden of liver cancer occurs in developing
countries, where the use of herbal medicine (HM) is still widespread. Despite
this trend, few studies have been conducted to report HM practices of patients
with a hepatic tumor in the developing world. Hence, this study aimed to
document the use of HM among patients with liver cancer in Peru. Study
Design and Methods: A comparative behavioral epidemiological survey
was conducted among liver cancer patients attending the National Cancer
Institute of Peru. Information was obtained by direct interviews based on a
semistructured questionnaire. The use of HM in Peruvian liver cancer patients
was reported, first, regarding general consumption prior to the onset of
disease, and second, after the appearance of symptoms that patients would relate
to their tumor. In parallel, general consumption of HM in noncancerous people
was assessed as a comparative figure. A correspondence analysis was performed to
reveal potential associations between the symptoms of cancer and the specific
use of HM. Results: Eighty-eight patients and 117 noncancerous
individuals participated in the survey. Overall, 68.3% of the people interviewed
claimed to use HM on a regular basis for general health preservation.
Furthermore, 56.8% of the patients turned to plants first to treat the disorders
for which they later came to the cancer care center. When compared with the
number of plant species used routinely (n = 78), a selection of plants was made
by patients in response to the symptoms of cancer (n = 46). At least 2 plant
species, Aloe vera and Morinda citrifolia,
were significantly associated with the treatment of liver cancer–related
symptoms in the patient group. Conclusions: The present study is
the first survey on the HM practices of patients with liver cancer in Latin
America and, more broadly, in the developing world. Our findings confirm that HM
remains one of the principal primary health care resources in Peru, even for a
severe disease like liver cancer. These traditional, complementary and
alternative medicine practices should be taken into consideration in Peruvian
health programs aiming to educate the population in cancer prevention and
treatment, as well as integrative cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eloy Ruiz
- 3 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan-Pablo Cerapio
- 4 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Pineau
- 5 Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,6 INSERM, U 993, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Gardon
- 7 Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, UMR 5569, Montpellier, France
| | - Franco Doimi
- 3 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Xavier Deparis
- 1 Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, INSERM, UMR 912, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Deharo
- 2 Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, UMR 152, Toulouse, France
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13
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Pamunuwa G, Karunaratne DN, Waisundara VY. Antidiabetic Properties, Bioactive Constituents, and Other Therapeutic Effects of Scoparia dulcis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:8243215. [PMID: 27594892 PMCID: PMC4995349 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8243215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the antidiabetic activities of Scoparia dulcis as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in relation to the diabetes and its complications. Ethnomedical applications of the herb have been identified as treatment for jaundice, stomach problems, skin disease, fever, and kidney stones, reproductory issues, and piles. Evidence has been demonstrated through scientific studies as to the antidiabetic effects of crude extracts of S. dulcis as well as its bioactive constituents. The primary mechanisms of action of antidiabetic activity of the plant and its bioactive constituents are through α-glucosidase inhibition, curbing of PPAR-γ and increased secretion of insulin. Scoparic acid A, scoparic acid D, scutellarein, apigenin, luteolin, coixol, and glutinol are some of the compounds which have been identified as responsible for these mechanisms of action. S. dulcis has also been shown to exhibit analgesic, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, sedative, hypnotic, antiulcer, antisickling, and antimicrobial activities. Given this evidence, it may be concluded that S. dulcis could be promoted among the masses as an alternative and complementary therapy for diabetes, provided further scientific studies on the toxicological and pharmacological aspects are carried out through either in vivo or clinical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethi Pamunuwa
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka
| | - D. Nedra Karunaratne
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Viduranga Y. Waisundara
- Functional Food Product Development Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Giovannini P, Howes MJR, Edwards SE. Medicinal plants used in the traditional management of diabetes and its sequelae in Central America: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 184:58-71. [PMID: 26924564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Globally 387 million people currently have diabetes and it is projected that this condition will be the 7th leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. As of 2012, its total prevalence in Central America (8.5%) was greater than the prevalence in most Latin American countries and the population of this region widely use herbal medicine. The aim of this study is to review the medicinal plants used to treat diabetes and its sequelae in seven Central American countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a literature review and extracted from primary sources the plant use reports in traditional remedies that matched one of the following disease categories: diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, urinary problems, skin diseases and infections, cardiovascular disease, sexual dysfunctions, visual loss, and nerve damage. Use reports were entered in a database and data were analysed in terms of the highest number of use reports for diabetes management and for the different sequelae. We also examined the scientific evidence that might support the local uses of the most reported species. RESULTS Out of 535 identified species used to manage diabetes and its sequelae, 104 species are used to manage diabetes and we found in vitro and in vivo preclinical experimental evidence of hypoglycaemic effect for 16 of the 20 species reported by at least two sources. However, only seven of these species are reported in more than 3 studies: Momordica charantia L., Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass., Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth, Persea americana Mill., Psidium guajava L., Anacardium occidentale L. and Hamelia patens Jacq. Several of the species that are used to manage diabetes in Central America are also used to treat conditions that may arise as its consequence such as kidney disease, urinary problems and skin conditions. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of the medicinal plants used to manage diabetes and its sequelae in Central America and of the current scientific knowledge that might explain their traditional use. In Central America a large number of medicinal plants are used to treat this condition and its sequelae, although relatively few species are widely used across the region. For the species used to manage diabetes, there is variation in the availability and quality of pharmacological, chemical and clinical studies to explain traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Giovannini
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, United Kingdom; Centre for Biocultural Diversity, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, United Kingdom.
| | - Melanie-Jayne R Howes
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Edwards
- Medicinal Plant Name Services, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3 AB, United Kingdom; Center for Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, Univ. London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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15
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Kffuri CW, Lopes MA, Ming LC, Odonne G, Kinupp VF. Antimalarial plants used by indigenous people of the Upper Rio Negro in Amazonas, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:188-198. [PMID: 26656535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This is the first intercultural report of antimalarial plants in this region. The aim of this study was to document the medicinal plants used against malaria by indigenous people in the Upper Rio Negro region and to review the literature on antimalarial activity and traditional use of the cited species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and ethnobotanical walks were conducted with 89 informants in five indigenous communities between April 2010 and November 2013 to obtain information on the use of medicinal plants against malaria. We reviewed academic databases for papers published in scientific journals up to January 2014 in order to find works on ethnopharmacology, ethnobotany, and antimalarial activity of the species cited. RESULTS Forty-six plant species belonging to 24 families are mentioned. Fabaceae (17.4%), Arecaceae (13.0%) and Euphorbiaceae (6.5%) account together for 36.9% of these species. Only seven plant species showed a relatively high consensus. Among the plant parts, barks (34.0%) and roots (28.0%) were the most widely used. Of the 46 species cited, 18 (39.1%) have already been studied for their antimalarial properties according to the literature, and 26 species (56.5%) have no laboratory essays on antimalarial activity. CONCLUSIONS Local traditional knowledge of the use of antimalarials is still widespread in indigenous communities of the Upper Rio Negro, where 46 plants species used against malaria were recorded. Our studies highlight promising new plants for future studies: Glycidendron amazonicum, Heteropsis tenuispadix, Monopteryx uaucu, Phenakospermum guianensis, Pouteria ucuqui, Sagotia brachysepala and notably Aspidosperma schultesii, Ampelozizyphus amazonicus, Euterpe catinga, E. precatoria, Physalis angulata, Cocos nucifera and Swartzia argentea with high-use consensus. Experimental validation of these remedies may help in developing new drugs for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Weber Kffuri
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômica de Botucatu, Departamento de Horticultura, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, 18.610-307 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Lin Chau Ming
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômica de Botucatu, Departamento de Horticultura, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, 18.610-307 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guillaume Odonne
- CNRS-Guyane(USR 3456), 2 avenue Gustave Charlery, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Valdely Ferreira Kinupp
- Herbário EAFM, Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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16
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Lima RBS, Rocha e Silva LF, Melo MRS, Costa JS, Picanço NS, Lima ES, Vasconcellos MC, Boleti APA, Santos JMP, Amorim RCN, Chaves FCM, Coutinho JP, Tadei WP, Krettli AU, Pohlit AM. In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of plants from the Brazilian Amazon. Malar J 2015; 14:508. [PMID: 26682750 PMCID: PMC4683771 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-malarials quinine and artemisinin were isolated from traditionally used plants (Cinchona spp. and Artemisia annua, respectively). The synthetic quinoline anti-malarials (e.g. chloroquine) and semi-synthetic artemisinin derivatives (e.g. artesunate) were developed based on these natural products. Malaria is endemic to the Amazon region where Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax drug-resistance is of concern. There is an urgent need for new anti-malarials. Traditionally used Amazonian plants may provide new treatments for drug-resistant P. vivax and P. falciparum. Herein, the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of medicinal plant extracts were investigated. METHODS Sixty-nine extracts from 11 plant species were prepared and screened for in vitro activity against P. falciparum K1 strain and for cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts and two melanoma cell lines. Median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were established against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum W2 clone using monoclonal anti-HRPII (histidine-rich protein II) antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Extracts were evaluated for toxicity against murine macrophages (IC50) and selectivity indices (SI) were determined. Three extracts were also evaluated orally in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. RESULTS High in vitro antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 6.4-9.9 µg/mL) was observed for Andropogon leucostachyus aerial part methanol extracts, Croton cajucara red variety leaf chloroform extracts, Miconia nervosa leaf methanol extracts, and Xylopia amazonica leaf chloroform and branch ethanol extracts. Paullinia cupana branch chloroform extracts and Croton cajucara red variety leaf ethanol extracts were toxic to fibroblasts and or melanoma cells. Xylopia amazonica branch ethanol extracts and Zanthoxylum djalma-batistae branch chloroform extracts were toxic to macrophages (IC50 = 6.9 and 24.7 µg/mL, respectively). Andropogon leucostachyus extracts were the most selective (SI >28.2) and the most active in vivo (at doses of 250 mg/kg, 71% suppression of P. berghei parasitaemia versus untreated controls). CONCLUSIONS Ethnobotanical or ethnopharmacological reports describe the anti-malarial use of these plants or the antiplasmodial activity of congeneric species. No antiplasmodial activity has been demonstrated previously for the extracts of these plants. Seven plants exhibit in vivo and or in vitro anti-malarial potential. Future work should aim to discover the anti-malarial substances present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata B. S. Lima
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil ,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Gal. Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Coroado I, Campus Universitário, Bloco M, Setor Sul, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil ,Centro Universitário do Norte, Rua Dez de Julho, 873, Centro, 69010-060 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Rocha e Silva
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil ,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Gal. Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Coroado I, Campus Universitário, Bloco M, Setor Sul, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil ,Centro Universitário do Norte, Rua Dez de Julho, 873, Centro, 69010-060 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Marcia R. S. Melo
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, Avenida Carvalho Leal, 1777, Cachoeirinha, 69065-001 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S. Costa
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Neila S. Picanço
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil ,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Gal. Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Coroado I, Campus Universitário, Bloco M, Setor Sul, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Emerson S. Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Marne C. Vasconcellos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Ana Paula A. Boleti
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Jakeline M. P. Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C. N. Amorim
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Francisco C. M. Chaves
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rodovia AM-010, Km 29 (Estrada Manaus/Itacoatiara), Caixa Postal 319, 69010-970 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Julia P. Coutinho
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Wanderli P. Tadei
- Laboratório de Malária e Dengue, Coordenação de Sociedade, Ambiente e Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Antoniana U. Krettli
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Adrian M. Pohlit
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
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Iyamah PC, Idu M. Ethnomedicinal survey of plants used in the treatment of malaria in Southern Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:287-302. [PMID: 26187278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. It is a leading cause of death and disease in many developing countries, where young children and pregnant women are the groups most affected. Spread of multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium and the adverse side effects of the existing anti-malarial drugs have necessitated the search for novel, well tolerated and more efficient antimalarial drugs. This ethnomedicinal study surveyed the different types of medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Southern Nigeria with the intent of identifying plants that are traditionally employed in the treatment of malaria across geopolitical boundaries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from 79 respondents composed of 50 traditional herbsellers and 29 herbal practitioners using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using frequency and percentages. RESULTS Of the 79 respondents interviewed, 24% were males while 76% were females. A total of 156 species belonging to 60 families were reported being used to treat malaria in the study area. Fabaceae was the most represented family having fourteen (14) plant species. Of the plants identified during the survey, Azadirachta indica was the species of highest relative frequency of citation (RFC - 1.0). The dominant plant parts used in the preparation of remedies were leaves (50.50%) and Decoction was the main method of preparation. Analysis of regional plant occurrence revealed that South-Western Nigeria represented the region with the highest plant occurrence (60.7%) followed by South-South (24%) and South-East (15.3%). Regional occurrence of plants used in the treatment of malaria in Southern Nigeria is reported here for the first time. CONCLUSION This study has documented a great diversity of plants used in the treatment of malaria in Southern Nigeria. Extracts prepared strictly according to the practitioners' recipes should therefore be screened for antiplasmodial activity and toxicity by in vitro and in vivo standard tests to justify their local usage. These studies might lead to the isolation and possible identification of potentially active compounds, which may be regarded as future promising phytomedicines in the treatment of malaria. Conservation of these plant species is also recommended to ensure their continuous availability for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Iyamah
- Department of Biology, College of Education, PMB 1251 Warri, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - M Idu
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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Oliveira DR, Krettli AU, Aguiar ACC, Leitão GG, Vieira MN, Martins KS, Leitão SG. Ethnopharmacological evaluation of medicinal plants used against malaria by quilombola communities from Oriximiná, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:424-34. [PMID: 26231451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria is the most important parasitic disease in the world, including in the Amazon region, due to its high incidence. In addition, malaria is difficult to control because of the geographical characteristics of the endemic Amazon region. The quilombola communities of Oriximina, located in remote rainforest areas, have extensive experience with medicinal plants due to their close contact with and dependence on local biodiversity as a therapeutic resource. To search for active bioproducts against malaria, based on in vitro tests using blood culture-derived parasites and plants selected by an ethno-directed approach in traditional quilombola communities of Oriximiná, in the Amazon region of Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical data were collected from 35 informants in the quilombola communities of Oriximiná, Brazil, by a free-listing method for the survey of species locally indicated to be effective against malaria and related symptoms. Data were analyzed by salience index (S) and major use agreement. The activity of extracts from 11 plants, selected based on their Salience values (four plants with S>1; seven plants with S<0.1), was measured in vitro in cultures of W2 clone Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to chloroquine. RESULTS Thirty-five ethnospecies comprising 40 different plants belonging to 23 botanical families and 37 genera were listed as antimalarials by the ethno-directed approach. Among these, 11 species selected based on their S values were assayed against P. falciparum. The most active plant extracts, with an IC50 as low as 1.6μg/mL, were obtained from Aspidosperma rigidum (Apocynaceae), Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae) and Simaba cedron (Simaroubaceae), all of which displayed an S value>1. CONCLUSION A strong correlation between the consensus of the informants from quilombola communities living in a malaria endemic area and the salience index indicating antiplasmodial activity was observed, where the ethnospecies mostly cited to be effective against malaria produced the most active plant extracts in vitro. It was also evident from the data that these groups approached the treatment of malaria with an holistic view, making use of purgative, depurative, emetic and adaptogen plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco A 2° andar, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Antoniana U Krettli
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Laboratório de Malaria, FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Av. Alfredo Balena, Pós Graduação em Medicina Molecular, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anna Caroline C Aguiar
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Laboratório de Malaria, FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Av. Alfredo Balena, Pós Graduação em Medicina Molecular, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gilda G Leitão
- Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco H, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana N Vieira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco A 2° andar, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karine S Martins
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco A 2° andar, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suzana G Leitão
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco A 2° andar, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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da Silva RRP, da Silva BJM, Rodrigues APD, Farias LHS, da Silva MN, Alves DTV, Bastos GNT, do Nascimento JLM, Silva EO. In vitro biological action of aqueous extract from roots of Physalis angulata against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26205771 PMCID: PMC4513958 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by various species of the protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus and transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. The protozoa multiply in phagocytic cells, mainly macrophages, which play an important role defending the organism from pathogens. The most effective treatment for leishmaniasis is the chemotherapy and besides the high cost, these drugs are toxic and require a long period of treatment. Currently, some herbal products are considered an important alternative source of a new leishmanicidal agent, which includes the plant Physalis angulata, . We evaluated effects of an aqueous extract from roots of Physalis angulata (AEPa) on Leishmania proliferation, morphology and also determined whether physalins were present in the extract contributing to the knowledge of its pharmacological efficacy. METHODS Morphological alterations were determined by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Host cell viability was evaluated by MTT, and propidium iodide. AEPa were submitted in full HRESITOF analysis. RESULTS AEPa promoted a dose-dependent reduction on promastigotes (IC50 = 39.5 μg/mL ± 5.1) and amastigotes (IC50 = 43.4 μg/mL ± 10.1) growth. This growth inhibition was associated with several morphological alterations observed in promastigote forms. No cytotoxic effect in mammalian cells was detected (IC50 > 4000 μg/mL). Furthemore, the presence of physalins A, B, D, E, F, G and H were described, for the first time, in the P. angulata root. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that AEPa effectively promotes antileishmanial activity with several important morphological alterations and has no cytotoxic effects on host cells.
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Upegui Y, Robledo SM, Gil Romero JF, Quiñones W, Archbold R, Torres F, Escobar G, Nariño B, Echeverri F. In vivo Antimalarial Activity of α-Mangostin and the New Xanthone δ-Mangostin. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1195-201. [PMID: 25943035 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Based on the previously reported in vitro antiplasmodial activity of several xanthones from Garcinia mangostana, two xanthones, α-mangostin and a new compound, δ-mangostin, were isolated from mangosteen husk, and the in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxic effects were determined. α-Mangostin was more active against the resistant Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant (FCR3) strain (IC50 = 0.2 ± 0.01 μM) than δ-mangostin (IC50 = 121.2 ± 1.0 μM). Furthermore, the therapeutic response according to the administration route was evaluated in a Plasmodium berghei malarial murine model. The greatest therapeutic response was obtained with intraperitoneal administration; these xanthones reduced parasitemia by approximately 80% with a daily dose of 100 mg/kg administered twice a day for 7 days of treatment. Neither compound was effective by oral administration. Noticeable toxicological effects were not observed. In addition to the antimalarial effect of these xanthones isolated from G. mangostana husk, the availability of larger amounts of husk raw material to purify the bioactive xanthones is advantageous, permitting additional preclinical assays or chemical transformations to enhance the biological activity of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulieth Upegui
- PECET, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Sara M Robledo
- PECET, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
- Center for Development of Products against Tropical Diseases - CIDEPRO, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Juan Fernando Gil Romero
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Winston Quiñones
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Rosendo Archbold
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Fernando Torres
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Escobar
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Bibiana Nariño
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Fernando Echeverri
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
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Giovannini P. Medicinal plants of the Achuar (Jivaro) of Amazonian Ecuador: ethnobotanical survey and comparison with other Amazonian pharmacopoeias. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 164:78-88. [PMID: 25660382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY AND ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This paper presents the first ethnobotanical survey conducted among the Achuar (Jivaro), indigenous people living in Amazonian Ecuador and Peru. The aims of this study are: (a) to present and discuss Achuar medicinal plant knowledge in the context of the epidemiology of this population (b) to compare the use of Achuar medicinal plants with the uses reported among the Shuar Jivaro and other Amazonian peoples. MATERIALS AND METHODS The author conducted field research in 9 indigenous villages in the region of Morona Santiago and Pastaza in Ecuador. Semi-structured interviews on local illnesses and herbal remedies were carried out with 82 informants and plant specimens were collected and later identified in Quito. A literature research was conducted on the medicinal species reported by Achuar people during this study. RESULTS The most reported medicinal plants are species used by the Achuar to treat diarrhoea, parasites infection, fractures, wounds, and snakebites. Informants reported the use of 134 medicinal species for a total of 733 recorded use-reports. Of these 134 species, 44 are reported at least 3 times for one or more specific disease condition for a total of 56 uses. These species are considered a core kit of medicinal plants of the Achuar of Ecuador. Most of these medicinal species are widely used in the Amazon rainforest and in many other parts of Latin America. CONCLUSION The author documented a core kit of 44 medicinal plants used among the Achuar of Ecuador and found that this core set of medicinal plants reflects local epidemiological concerns and the pharmacopoeias of the Shuar and other Amazonian groups. These findings suggest that inter-group diffusion of medicinal plant knowledge had a prominent role in the acquisition of current Achuar knowledge of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Giovannini
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK; Centre for Biocultural Diversity, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK.
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Yamaguchi KKDL, Pereira LFR, Lamarão CV, Lima ES, da Veiga-Junior VF. Amazon acai: chemistry and biological activities: a review. Food Chem 2015; 179:137-51. [PMID: 25722148 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acai (acai or assai) is one of the Amazon's most popular functional foods and widely used in the world. There are many benefits to its alleged use in the growing market for nutraceuticals. The acai extracts have a range of polyphenolic components with antioxidant properties, some of those present in greater quantity are orientin, isoorientin and vanillic acid, as well as anthocyanins cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside. The presence of these substances is linked mainly to the antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, anti-proliferative and cardioprotective activities. Importantly, there are two main species of the Euterpe genus which produce acai. There are several differences between them but they are still quite unknown, from literature to producers and consumers. In this review are highlighted the chemical composition, botanical aspects, pharmacological, marketing and nutrition of these species based on studies published in the last five years in order to unify the current knowledge and dissimilarities between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Felipe Ravazi Pereira
- Chemistry Department, Amazonas Federal University, Av. Rodrigo Octávio, 6.200, Japiim, Manaus, AM 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Victor Lamarão
- Chemistry Department, Amazonas Federal University, Av. Rodrigo Octávio, 6.200, Japiim, Manaus, AM 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Amazonas Federal University, Alexandre Amorin Street, 330, Aparecida, Manaus, AM 69010300, Brazil
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Tian L. Using Hairy Roots for Production of Valuable Plant Secondary Metabolites. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 149:275-324. [PMID: 25583225 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize a wide variety of natural products, which are traditionally termed secondary metabolites and, more recently, coined specialized metabolites. While these chemical compounds are employed by plants for interactions with their environment, humans have long since explored and exploited plant secondary metabolites for medicinal and practical uses. Due to the tissue-specific and low-abundance accumulation of these metabolites, alternative means of production in systems other than intact plants are sought after. To this end, hairy root culture presents an excellent platform for producing valuable secondary metabolites. This chapter will focus on several major groups of secondary metabolites that are manufactured by hairy roots established from different plant species. Additionally, the methods for preservations of hairy roots will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA,
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Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Delporte C, Valenzuela-Barra G, Silva X, Vargas-Arana G, Lima B, Feresin GE. Anti-inflammatory activity of animal oils from the Peruvian Amazon. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 156:9-15. [PMID: 25150527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Animal oils and fats from the fishes Electrophorus electricus and Potamotrygon motoro, the reptiles Boa constrictor, Chelonoidis denticulata (Geochelone denticulata) and Melanosuchus niger and the riverine dolphin Inia geoffrensis are used as anti-inflammatory agents in the Peruvian Amazon. The aim of the study was to assess the topic anti-inflammatory effect of the oils/fats as well as to evaluate its antimicrobial activity and fatty acid composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The oils/fats were purchased from a traditional store at the Iquitos market of Belen, Peru. The topic anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by the mice ear edema induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at the dose of 3mg oil/ear. Indomethacine and nimesulide were used as reference anti-inflammatory drugs. The application resembles the traditional topical use of the oils. The antimicrobial effect of the oils/fats was assessed by the microdilution test against reference strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis. The fatty acid composition of the oils/fats (as methyl esters) was determined by GC and GC-MS analysis after saponification. RESULTS All oils/fats showed topic anti-inflammatory activity, with better effect in the TPA-induced mice ear edema assay. The most active drugs were Potamotrygon motoro, Melanosuchus niger and Geochelone denticulata. In the AA-induced assay, the best activity was found for Potamotrygon motoro and Electrophorus electricus oil. The oil of Electrophorus electricus also showed a weak antimicrobial effect with MIC values of 250 µg/mL against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enteritidis-MI. The main fatty acids in the oils were oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of all the oils/fats investigated showed anti-inflammatory activity in the mice ear edema assay. The effect can be related with the identity and composition of the fatty acids in the samples. This study gives support to the traditional use of animal oils/fats as ant-inflammatory agents in the Peruvian Amazon. However, new alternative should be encouraged due to the conservation status of several of the animal sources of the crude drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
| | - Carla Delporte
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 1, Chile
| | - Gabriela Valenzuela-Barra
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 1, Chile
| | - Ximena Silva
- Unidad de Pruebas Biológicas, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Marathon 1000, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Beatriz Lima
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin 1109 (oeste), CP 5400, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Gabriela E Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin 1109 (oeste), CP 5400, San Juan, Argentina
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Mujtaba Shah G, Abbasi AM, Khan N, Guo X, Ajab Khan M, Hussain M, Bibi S, Nazir A, Ahmad Tahir A. Traditional uses of medicinal plants against malarial disease by the tribal communities of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:450-62. [PMID: 24892831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria is among the most prevalent infectious diseases in the developing countries of world. Estimated number of annual malaria episodes in Pakistan is 1.5 million, but very little is known about medicinal plant species of Pakistan, which have great potential against malarial disease. Present study was aimed to document medicinal plant species used by the local inhabitants of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan to treat malaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires and contributor observation. A total of 55 informants aged between 25 and 80 years who were familiar with malarial disease participated in the survey. RESULTS A total of 84 plant species belonging to 69 genera and 50 families were recorded to treat malaria. Asteraceae was found as most cited botanical family with (11.9%) representation, followed by Lamiaceae (5.9%), Solanaceae and Verbenaceae (4.7%) and Violaceae (3.5%) respectively. About 60% of the inhabitants prefer herbal treatment by local herbalists or self-treatment with locally available medicinal plant species. Of the plants identified during present investigation against malaria, Azadirachta indica, Swertia chirayita and Swertia ciliata exhibited uppermost frequency of encounter (36.3%) and corresponding PR value 5. About 67.2% of the botanical taxa are reported for the first time in the treatment of malaria. It was observed thatover harvesting is the foremost threat to medicinal plant species of the study area. CONCLUSION Present survey indicates that traditional knowledge about the use of plant species against various diseases and particularly to treat malaria is in decline. Similarly anthropogenic pressure, over exploitation and grazing of the botanical taxa are the major concerns regarding medicinal plant biodiversity loss. Frequently utilized plant species with significant malarial reduction should be authenticated by in vitro and in vivo standard tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- School of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Mir Ajab Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Hussain
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 835215, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Bibi
- District Headquarter Hospital, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Nazir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Ahmad Tahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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Active compounds and medicinal properties of Myrciaria genus. Food Chem 2014; 153:224-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Zhai B, Clark J, Ling T, Connelly M, Medina-Bolivar F, Rivas F. Antimalarial evaluation of the chemical constituents of hairy root culture of Bixa orellana L. Molecules 2014; 19:756-66. [PMID: 24406786 PMCID: PMC6271036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 216 million malaria cases are reported annually worldwide and about a third of these cases, primarily children under the age of five years old, will not survive the infection. Despite this significant world health impact, only a limited number of therapeutic agents are currently available. The lack of scaffold diversity poses a threat in the event that multi-drug–resistant strains emerge. Terrestrial natural products have provided a major source of chemical diversity for starting materials in many FDA approved drugs over the past century. Bixa orellana L. is a popular plant used in South America for the treatment of malaria. In search of new potential therapeutic agents, the chemical constituents of a selected hairy root culture line of Bixa orellana L. were characterized utilizing NMR and mass spectrometry methods, followed by its biological evaluation against malaria strains 3D7 and K1. The crude extract and its isolated compounds demonstrated EC50 values in the micromolar range. Herein, we report our findings on the chemical constituents of Bixa orellana L. from hairy roots responsible for the observed antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhai
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Julie Clark
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Taotao Ling
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Michele Connelly
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Fabricio Medina-Bolivar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Fatima Rivas
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA.
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Traore MS, Baldé MA, Diallo MST, Baldé ES, Diané S, Camara A, Diallo A, Balde A, Keïta A, Keita SM, Oularé K, Magassouba FB, Diakité I, Diallo A, Pieters L, Baldé AM. Ethnobotanical survey on medicinal plants used by Guinean traditional healers in the treatment of malaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:1145-1153. [PMID: 24184265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The objective of the present study was to collect and document information on herbal remedies traditionally used for the treatment of malaria in Guinea. MATERIALS AND METHODS The survey was carried out from May 2008 to September 2010 and targeted traditional medical practitioners and herbalists. The questionnaire and oral interviews were based on the standardized model which was prepared by the "Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) - Dubréka". RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 258 people (141 males and 117 females) from which 150 traditional healers and 108 herbalists were interviewed. The age of informants ranged from 28 to 82 years old. 57% (149/258) of the interviewees were more than 50 years old. The respondents had good knowledge of the symptoms of malaria, and a fairly good understanding of the causes. One hundred thirteen plant species were recorded, out of which 109 were identified. They belonged to 84 genera and 46 families. The most frequently cited plants were Vismia guineensis, Parkia biglobosa, Nauclea latifolia, Harungana madagascariensis, Terminalia macroptera, Crossopteryx febrifuga, Terminalia albida, Annona senegalensis, and Nauclea pobeguinii. The leaves were most frequently used (80/113 species), followed by stem bark (38/113 species) and roots (4/113 species). The remedies were mostly prepared by decoction (111 species), followed by maceration (seven species). Only one species was prepared by infusion. CONCLUSION The present study showed that traditional healers in Guinea have a consistent knowledge of antimalarial plants. Further research should be carried out to compare the anti-malarial activity of the different species, and to check if their use against malaria can be scientifically validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Traore
- Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Guinea; Research and Valorization Center on Medicinal Plants, Dubréka, Guinea
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Pohlit AM, Lima RBS, Frausin G, Silva LFRE, Lopes SCP, Moraes CB, Cravo P, Lacerda MVG, Siqueira AM, Freitas-Junior LH, Costa FTM. Amazonian plant natural products: perspectives for discovery of new antimalarial drug leads. Molecules 2013; 18:9219-40. [PMID: 23917112 PMCID: PMC6270278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria parasites are now resistant, or showing signs of resistance, to most drugs used in therapy. Novel chemical entities that exhibit new mechanisms of antiplasmodial action are needed. New antimalarials that block transmission of Plasmodium spp. from humans to Anopheles mosquito vectors are key to malaria eradication efforts. Although P. vivax causes a considerable number of malaria cases, its importance has for long been neglected. Vivax malaria can cause severe manifestations and death; hence there is a need for P. vivax-directed research. Plants used in traditional medicine, namely Artemisia annua and Cinchona spp. are the sources of the antimalarial natural products artemisinin and quinine, respectively. Based on these compounds, semi-synthetic artemisinin-derivatives and synthetic quinoline antimalarials have been developed and are the most important drugs in the current therapeutic arsenal for combating malaria. In the Amazon region, where P. vivax predominates, there is a local tradition of using plant-derived preparations to treat malaria. Here, we review the current P. falciparum and P. vivax drug-sensitivity assays, focusing on challenges and perspectives of drug discovery for P. vivax, including tests against hypnozoites. We also present the latest findings of our group and others on the antiplasmodial and antimalarial chemical components from Amazonian plants that may be potential drug leads against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Martin Pohlit
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.B.S.L.); (G.F.); (L.F.R.S.)
| | - Renata Braga Souza Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.B.S.L.); (G.F.); (L.F.R.S.)
| | - Gina Frausin
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.B.S.L.); (G.F.); (L.F.R.S.)
| | - Luiz Francisco Rocha e Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.B.S.L.); (G.F.); (L.F.R.S.)
| | - Stefanie Costa Pinto Lopes
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Carolina Borsoi Moraes
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio) – Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNEPM) - P.O. Box 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.B.M.); (L.H.F.-J.)
| | - Pedro Cravo
- Programa de Mestrado em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente. UniEVANGÉLICA-Centro Universitário de Anápolis, 75083-515 Anapólis, GO, Brazil; E-Mail:
- Centro de Malária e Doenças Tropicais, LA/IHMT-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.V.G.L.); (A.M.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - André Machado Siqueira
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.V.G.L.); (A.M.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lucio H. Freitas-Junior
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio) – Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNEPM) - P.O. Box 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.B.M.); (L.H.F.-J.)
| | - Fabio Trindade Maranhão Costa
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mail:
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Cruz LR, Spangenberg T, Lacerda MVG, Wells TNC. Malaria in South America: a drug discovery perspective. Malar J 2013; 12:168. [PMID: 23706107 PMCID: PMC3665683 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of controlling and eventually eradicating malaria means that new tools are urgently needed. South America's role in this fight spans both ends of the research and development spectrum: both as a continent capable of discovering and developing new medicines, and also as a continent with significant numbers of malaria patients. This article reviews the contribution of groups in the South American continent to the research and development of new medicines over the last decade. Therefore, the current situation of research targeting malaria control and eradication is discussed, including endemicity, geographical distribution, treatment, drug-resistance and diagnosis. This sets the scene for a review of efforts within South America to discover and optimize compounds with anti-malarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza R Cruz
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 route de Pré-Bois, Geneva, CH 1215, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 route de Pré-Bois, Geneva, CH 1215, Switzerland
| | - Marcus VG Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Av Pedro Teixeira, 25, Manaus, Amazonas, 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Timothy NC Wells
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 route de Pré-Bois, Geneva, CH 1215, Switzerland
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Breitbach UB, Niehues M, Lopes NP, Faria JEQ, Brandão MGL. Amazonian Brazilian medicinal plants described by C.F.P. von Martius in the 19th century. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:180-189. [PMID: 23500885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Information regarding the use of beneficial, native Brazilian plants was compiled by European naturalists during the 19th century. The German botanist C.F.P. von Martius was one of the most prominent naturalists and described the use of several Brazilian plants. AIM OF THE STUDY To present data on Amazonian medicinal plants documented by von Martius in his books. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on Amazonian medicinal plants were obtained from three books published by von Martius. Traditional information about these plants was translated from Latin and the cited plant species reorganised according to current taxonomic criteria. Correlated pharmacological studies were obtained from different scientific databases. RESULTS A total of 92 native medicinal species from the Amazon were recorded in von Martius' books. These accounts described 117 different medical uses for these plants. Several parts of the plants were used, including many exudates. The principal use of the species recorded was the treatment of dermatological problems, followed by gastro-intestinal, urinary and respiratory disorders. Few species were recorded as purgatives and febrifuges, a result that differs from the observations of other naturalists. The efficacy of the recorded traditional uses has been confirmed for the few species that have been subjected to laboratory studies. CONCLUSION The data recorded by the German naturalist von Martius represent a rich, unexplored source of information about the traditional uses of Brazilian plants.
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Nagendrappa PB, Naik MP, Payyappallimana U. Ethnobotanical survey of malaria prophylactic remedies in Odisha, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:768-772. [PMID: 23434608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the plants traditionally used for prevention of malaria in Cuttack, Gajapati and Koraput districts of Odisha state, eastern India. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among 20 traditional healers who were sampled based on recommendations of local elders and local non-government organizations. Data were collected through semi-structured interview. RESULTS The study revealed the use of 16 traditional plant species belonging to 12 families for prevention of malaria. Andrographis paniculata, Azadirachta indica, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Ocimum sanctum, Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale were the most commonly reported plants for their malaria prophylactic use by the healers of three districts of Odisha. Most of the remedies were used in decoction form. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study provide a lead to explore traditional plants for malaria preventive potential through further pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash B Nagendrappa
- Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (I-AIM), (Formerly Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, FRLHT) No. 74/2, Jarakabande kaval, Attur P.O., Via Yelahanka, Bangalore-560 106, Karnataka, India.
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Yetein MH, Houessou LG, Lougbégnon TO, Teka O, Tente B. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in plateau of Allada, Benin (West Africa). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:154-63. [PMID: 23266332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains one of the most important illnesses in sub-Saharan Africa. In Benin, it constitutes a major public health preoccupation particularly for children and pregnant women. Until now, population still mostly relies on herbal medicine for malaria healing. Hence this study was carried out to document the medicinal plants used in the plateau of Allada in Benin and to assess local knowledge on traditional medicine in the management of malaria and related symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from 53 informants composed of 23 traditional healers and 30 medicinal plants sellers using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 82 plants species belonging to 78 genera in 43 plant families were recorded as antimalarial in the study area. The families of Rubiaceae and Caesalpiniaceae were the most represented with seven species each. High informant consensus factor (ICF) was recorded in the treatment of malaria (ICF=0.90). High fidelity level (FL=100%) was also recorded for 45.67% of the species used as antimalarial. Dichapetalum madagascariense was the species of high relative frequency of citation (RFC=0.81). The dominant plant parts used in the preparation of remedies were leaves (68%). The decoction (79%) was the main mode of preparation, while oral route (92%) was the principal route of remedies administration. CONCLUSION This study provides plant species used in the plateau of Allada for malaria and related symptoms treatment. We hope that this study could be important for the conservation of traditional knowledge on the antimalarial plants and the improvement of malaria management. However, several plant species used as antimalarial by the traditional medicine practitioners in the study area need to be screened in order to identify the species having antiplasmodial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius H Yetein
- Department of geography, Faculty of Letter, Arts and Human Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 526, Cotonou, Benin.
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Odonne G, Valadeau C, Alban-Castillo J, Stien D, Sauvain M, Bourdy G. Medical ethnobotany of the Chayahuita of the Paranapura basin (Peruvian Amazon). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:127-53. [PMID: 23266276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Up until now, the plant pharmacopoeia of the Chayahuita, an ethnic group from the Peruvian Amazon, has been poorly defined. This paper details the uses of medicinal plants within this community, as recorded in two villages of the Paranapura basin, Soledad and Atahualpa de Conchiyacu. This study aimed to describe the basis of the Chayahuita traditional medical system, to document part of the medicinal plant corpus, and to compare it with data from other Amazonian ethnic groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS Methodology was based (i) on field prospection with 26 informants (ethnobotanical walks methodology), (ii) semi-structured interviews including 93 people (49 men and 44 women) focused on the most recent health problem experienced and on the therapeutic options chosen, (iii) individual or group thematic discussions relating to disease and treatments, (iv) 6-months of participants' observations between May 2007 and May 2008. At the end of the project in May 2008 a workshop was organized to cross-check the data with the help of 12 of the most interested informants. RESULTS Six hundred and seventeen voucher specimens were collected, corresponding to 303 different species, from which 274 (belonging to 83 families) are documented here. Altogether 492 recipes were recorded, corresponding to a global figure of 541 therapeutic uses and a total of 664 use reports. The main therapeutic uses are related to dermatological problems (103 uses; 19%), gastro-intestinal complaints (69 uses; 13%) and malaria/fevers (52 uses; 10%). Diseases are analysed according to Chayahuita concepts, and for each disease the species having a high frequency of citation are listed, and the most frequently used remedies are described. Whenever possible, comparisons with other Amazonian groups have been drawn. CONCLUSION Chayahuita nosology and medical ethnobotany appear to draw their inspiration from a common panamazonian root. Despite the fact that a certain number of medicinal plants are shared with other nearby groups, there seem to be specific uses for some species, thus highlighting the originality of the Chayahuita pharmacopoeia. Presently there is a certain disinterest in the most traditional area of the Chayahuita medical ways, and the role of the penutu (shaman) seems to be less highly-valued than in the past. Nonetheless, the use of medicinal plants in phytotherapeutic treatment is very much a living, shared knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Odonne
- CNRS Guyane, USR 3456, 2 av. Gustave Charlery, 97300 Cayenne, France.
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Keluskar P, Ingle S. Ethnopharmacology guided screening of traditional Indian herbs for selective inhibition of Plasmodium specific lactate dehydrogenase. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:201-207. [PMID: 22982392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants traditionally used to treat malaria can provide quality leads towards identifying novel anti-malarial drugs. Here we combined this approach with target based drug discovery and explored Plasmodium specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitory activity of 8 Indian plants which are ethnically used to treat malaria. METHODS LDH from Indian Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax strains, were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, followed by purification of recombinant enzymes (rPfLDH and rPvLDH respectively). Extracts of 8 plants in different organic and aqueous solvents, were screened for their inhibitory activity on rPfLDH, rPvLDH and mammalian LDHs. Phyllanthus amarus aqueous extract was further tested for in vitro parasiticidal activity. RESULTS Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. and chloroform extract of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. exhibited profound and exclusive inhibitory effect on Plasmodium falciparum LDH (IC(50)=11.2 μg/ml ± 0.4) and Plasmodium vivax LDH (IC(50)=6.0 μg/ml ± 0.6) respectively. Moreover, Phyllanthus amarus aqueous extract also demonstrated antiplasmodial activity in vitro, on Chloroquine sensitive and resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (IC(50)=7.1 μg/ml ± 0.5 and 6.9 μg/ml ± 0.7 respectively). CONCLUSION Target specific screening of traditional herbs used in malaria treatment has proffered Phyllanthus amarus and Murraya koenigii extracts as hits which can optimistically provide novel antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshan Keluskar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
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Medicinal plants used by various tribes of bangladesh for treatment of malaria. Malar Res Treat 2012; 2012:371798. [PMID: 22315700 PMCID: PMC3270449 DOI: 10.1155/2012/371798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been estimated that 300-500 million malaria infections occur on an annual basis and causes fatality to millions of human beings. Most of the drugs used for treatment of malaria have developed drug-resistant parasites or have serious side effects. Plant kingdom has throughout the centuries proved to be efficient source of efficacious malarial drugs like quinine and artemisinin. Since these drugs have already developed or in the process of developing drug resistance, it is important to continuously search the plant kingdom for more effective antimalarial drugs. In this aspect, the medicinal practices of indigenous communities can play a major role in identification of antimalarial plants. Bangladesh has a number of indigenous communities or tribes, who because of their living within or in close proximity to mosquito-infested forest regions, have high incidences of malaria. Over the centuries, the tribal medicinal practitioners have treated malaria with various plant-based formulations. The objective of the present study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among various tribes of Bangladesh to identify the plants that they use for treatment of the disease. Surveys were conducted among seven tribes, namely, Bawm, Chak, Chakma, Garo, Marma, Murong, and Tripura, who inhabit the southeastern or northcentral forested regions of Bangladesh. Interviews conducted with the various tribal medicinal practitioners indicated that a total of eleven plants distributed into 10 families were used for treatment of malaria and accompanying symptoms like fever, anemia, ache, vomiting, and chills. Leaves constituted 35.7% of total uses followed by roots at 21.4%. Other plant parts used for treatment included barks, seeds, fruits, and flowers. A review of the published scientific literature showed that a number of plants used by the tribal medicinal practitioners have been scientifically validated in their uses. Taken together, the plants merit further scientific research towards possible discovery of novel compounds that can be used to successfully treat malaria with less undesirable sideeffects.
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