1
|
Ye C, Zhang B, Tang Z, Zheng C, Wang Q, Tong X. Synergistic action of Hedyotis diffusa Willd and Andrographis paniculata in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Downregulating AKT1 and upregulating VEGFA to curb tumorigenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111866. [PMID: 38603854 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains a challenging cancer to treat. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms of Hedyotis diffusa Willd (HDW) combined with Andrographis paniculata (AP) in treating NPC. METHODS Key compounds and target genes in HDW and AP were analyzed using network pharmacology. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed with STRING and visualized using Cytoscape. MCODE identified critical clusters, while DAVID facilitated GO and KEGG analyses. In vivo and in vitro experiments evaluated HDW-AP effects on NPC, including tumor volume, weight, Ki-67 expression, cell apoptosis, migration, invasion, cell cycle distribution, and DNA damage. RESULTS The database identified 495 NPC-related genes and 26 compounds in the HDW-AP pair, targeting 165 genes. Fifty-eight potential therapeutic genes were found, leading to 18 key targets. KEGG analysis revealed a significant impact on 78 pathways, especially cancer pathways. Both in vivo and in vitro tests showed HDW-AP inhibited NPC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, this was achieved through AKT1 downregulation and VEGFA upregulation. CONCLUSION The combination of HDW and AP targets 16 key genes to impede the development of NPC, primarily by modulating AKT1 and VEGFA pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Ye
- Department of Radiotherapy, Wenzhou Central Hospital & The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Baofan Zhang
- Second Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Zhongjie Tang
- Second Department of Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Cuiping Zheng
- Department of Tumor Hematology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Qiongzhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China.
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A Biflavonoid-Rich Extract from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron. against Throat Carcinoma via Akt/Bad and IKKβ/NF-κB/COX-2 Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121505. [PMID: 36558956 PMCID: PMC9785591 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selaginella doederleinii Hieron. is a common pharmacological plant, and this folk herbal medicine and its complex preparations have been widely used for the treatment of throat carcinoma (TC) and several associated complications in traditional Chinese medicine. This study was aimed at investigating the specific anti-throat carcinoma impacts and potential mechanisms of a biflavonoid-rich extract from S. doederleinii (SD-BFRE). The phytochemical profiling of SD-BFRE was performed by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and UPLC-PDA, and the detailed pharmacological effects and mechanisms were respectively evaluated in vitro and in vivo. MTT assay, the Transwell assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the abilities of SD-BFRE on inhibiting cell infiltrative growth in TC cells (Hep-2 and FaDu) in in vitro experiments. In vivo experiments used Hep-2 tumor-bearing nude mice to evaluate the anti-TC effect of SD-BFRE. Western blotting was used to explore the potential apoptotic pathway of TC cells. Here, we found that SD-BFRE exhibited anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effects in TC cells. Mechanistic studies have identified that SD-BFRE can suppress the activity of IKKβ and IκB-α kinase and then down-regulate the effector proteins of NF-κB/COX-2 signaling. Moreover, SD-BFRE induced apoptosis partly by regulating the Akt/Bad/caspase signaling pathway. Taken together, this study firstly demonstrated that SD-BFRE exerted its anti-TC effects by way of IKKβ/NF-κB/COX-2 and Akt/Bad pathways and might represent a potential chemotherapeutic agent for throat carcinoma.
Collapse
|
3
|
Demehin AA, Thamnarak W, Lamtha T, Chatwichien J, Eurtivong C, Choowongkomon K, Chainok K, Ruchirawat S, Thasana N. Siamenflavones A-C, three undescribed biflavonoids from Selaginella siamensis Hieron. and biflavonoids from spike mosses as EGFR inhibitor. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113374. [PMID: 35964804 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three undescribed biflavonoids (BFVs), siamenflavones A-C along with twelve BFVs were isolated from Selaginella siamensis Hieron. and Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Baker (Selaginellaceae). The chemical structures of undescribed compounds were established through comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, chemical correlations, and X-ray crystallography. The ten isolated BFVs, siamenflavones A-C, delicaflavone, chrysocauflavone, robustaflavone, robustaflavone-4-methylether, amentoflavone, tetrahydro-amentoflavone, and sciadopitysin were evaluated for the antiproliferative effects against four human cancer cell lines A549, H1975, HepG2 and T47D. Delicaflavone and robustaflavone 4'-methylether exerted strong effects on the four human cancer cell lines. Siamenflavone B, delicaflavone and robustaflavone 4'-methylether showed potent inhibitory activities against wild-type EGFR. The inhibition of the compounds was further supported by molecular docking and predictive intermolecular interactions. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of siamenflavone B and robustaflavone-4'-methylether complexed to EGFR-TK further supported inhibition of the compounds to the ATP binding site. Finally, analysis of pharmacokinetic and electronic properties using density-functional theory and known drug index calculations suggest that the compounds are pharmaceutically compatible for drug administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adebisi Adunola Demehin
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Wanlaya Thamnarak
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Thomanai Lamtha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Jaruwan Chatwichien
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chainok
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Multifunctional Crystalline Materials and Applications (TU-McMa), Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Thasana
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muema FW, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen G, Guo M. Flavonoids from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron and Their Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061189. [PMID: 35740086 PMCID: PMC9229023 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Selaginella doederleinii Hieron. (S. doederleinii) is a traditional herb that is widely used in China to treat several ailments, but mainly cancer. Studies have been carried out to determine the phytochemicals ascribed to its pharmacological activity. However, both phytochemical and pharmacological profiles have not been fully explored as few compounds have been reported. This study evaluated the flavonoid content of the ethanol extract and its four fractions (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) together with their antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays). Further, the antiproliferative activity was evaluated. Two new secondary metabolites (1 and 3) were isolated from S. doederleinii, which comprised of an apigenin skeleton with a phenyl attached at C-8 of ring A and an acetyl group. Additionally, other known metabolites 2 and 4–16 were isolated, whereby compounds 2, 4, 5, 8, 12, 15, and 16 were reported for the first time in this species. These compounds were evaluated for their antioxidative potentials by both DPPH and FRAP assays, and for their antiproliferative activities by the MTT assay on three human cancer cell lines: colon cancer (HT-29), cervical cancer (HeLa), and lung cancer (A549). Compound 7 exhibited the best activity on the three cancer cell lines (HT-29, HeLa, A549) by inhibiting the rate of growth of the cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 27.97, 35.47, and 20.71 µM, respectively. The structure–activity relationship of the pure compounds was highlighted in this study. Hence, the study enriched both the phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of S. doederleinii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wambua Muema
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (F.W.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-8770-0850
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao L, Yuan P, Wei Y, Fu Y, Hou Y, Li P, Chen Y, Ruan Y, Zhou N, Zheng X, Feng W. Total flavonoids of Selaginella tamariscina (P.Beauv.) Spring ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress via activating MFN2/PERK. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154065. [PMID: 35358932 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic that is effective for various tumours. However, the clinical application of DOX has been limited by adverse reactions such as cardiotoxicity and heart failure. Since DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is irreversible, drugs to prevent DOX-induced cardiotoxicity are needed. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Selaginella tamariscina (P.Beauv.) Spring (TFST) on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS The present study established DOX-induced cardiotoxicity models in C57BL/6 mice treated with DOX (cumulative dose: 20 mg/kg body weight) and H9c2 cells incubated with DOX (1 μM/l) to explore the intervention effect and potential mechanism of TFST. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate left ventricular functions. Heart tissue samples were collected for histological evaluation. Myocardial injury markers and oxidative stress markers were examined. Mitochondrial energy metabolism pathway associated proteins PPARα/PGC-1α/Sirt3 were detected. We also explored the effects of TFST on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. To further investigate the protective mechanism of TFST, we used the specific small interfering RNA MFN2 (siMFN2) to explore the effect of MFN2 on TFST against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in vitro. Flow cytometry detected reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. Cell mitochondrial stress was measured by Seahorse XF analyser. RESULTS Both in vivo and in vitro studies verified that TFST observably alleviated DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. However, these effects were reversed after transfected siMFN2. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that TFST ameliorates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress by activating MFN2/PERK. MFN2/PERK pathway activation may be a novel mechanism to protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Gao
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peipei Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Wei
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panying Li
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Department of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu D, Wang X, Huang D, Chen B, Lin X, Liu A, Huang J. Disclosing targets and pharmacological mechanisms of total bioflavonoids extracted from Selaginella doederleinii against non-small cell lung cancer by combination of network pharmacology and proteomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 286:114836. [PMID: 34793885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Previously, the total bioflavonoids extract from Selaginella doederleinii (SDTBE) presented favorable in vitro and in vivo activities against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hinting at its medicinal potential. However, up to nowadays, targets and integrative action mechanisms of SDTBE are still not very clear, which presents an obstacle to the development of herbal medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to disclose the potential targets and integrative action mechanism of SDTBE against NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A system pharmacology-based strategy including target fishing, network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking were applied to predict the potential targets and pathways for the seven main active ingredients in SDTBE. A proteomics study was subsequently performed for validating the affected pathways and possible targets. Western blot assay, mouse xenograft tumor model and immunofluorescence assays were used to further confirm the key targets and integrative action mechanisms of SDTBE against NSCLC. RESULTS By system pharmacology, it was inferred that SDTBE could mainly act on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (MEK), which was validated by proteomics results, and further confirmed in vitro and in vivo by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. CONCLUSION SDTBE targeting multi-targets including EGFR, AKT and MEK could exert its anti-NSCLC effect mainly via MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for NanoBiomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for NanoBiomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for NanoBiomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for NanoBiomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Ailin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for NanoBiomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for NanoBiomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen YC, Yang CW, Chan TF, Farooqi AA, Chang HS, Yen CH, Huang MY, Chang HW. Cryptocaryone Promotes ROS-Dependent Antiproliferation and Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040641. [PMID: 35203294 PMCID: PMC8870566 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptocaryone (CPC) is a bioactive dihydrochalcone derived from Cryptocarya plants, and its antiproliferation was rarely reported, especially for ovarian cancer (OVCA). This study aimed to examine the regulation ability and mechanism of CPC on three histotypes of OVCA cells (SKOV3, TOV-21G, and TOV-112D). In a 24 h MTS assay, CPC showed antiproliferation effects to OVCA cells, i.e., IC50 values 1.5, 3, and 9.5 μM for TOV-21G, SKOV3, and TOV-112D cells. TOV-21G and SKOV3 cells showed hypersensitivity to CPC when applied for exposure time and concentration experiments. For biological processes, CPC stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide and promoted mitochondrial membrane potential dysfunction in TOV-21G and SKOV3 cells. Apoptosis was detected in OVCA cells through subG1 accumulation and annexin V staining. Apoptosis signaling such as caspase 3/7 activities, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and caspase 3 expressions were upregulated by CPC. Specifically, the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic caspase 9 and caspase 8 were overexpressed in OVCA cells following CPC treatment. Moreover, CPC also stimulated DNA damages in terms of γH2AX expression and increased γH2AX foci. CPC also induced 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine DNA damages. These CPC-associated principal biological processes were validated to be oxidative stress-dependent by N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, CPC is a potential anti-OVCA natural product showing oxidative stress-dependent antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damaging functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (T.-F.C.)
| | - Che-Wei Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-W.Y.); (H.-S.C.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Te-Fu Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (T.-F.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-W.Y.); (H.-S.C.); (C.-H.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-W.Y.); (H.-S.C.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.H.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (M.-Y.H. & H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.H.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7158) (M.-Y.H. & H.-W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen B, Luo H, Chen W, Huang Q, Zheng K, Xu D, Li S, Liu A, Huang L, Zheng Y, Lin X, Yao H. Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Human Serum Albumin Binding Properties of Delicaflavone, a Novel Anti-Tumor Candidate. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761884. [PMID: 34867382 PMCID: PMC8635734 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Delicaflavone (DF), a natural active ingredient from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron, has been reported to have favorable anticancer effects and is thus considered a potential anticancer agent. However, its pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding properties remain unknown. Here, we investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of DF in rats using a validated HPLC-MS/MS methods, as well as its human serum albumin (HSA) binding properties through multi-spectroscopic and in silico methods. The results showed that DF was rapidly eliminated and had a widespread tissue distribution after intravenous administration. DF showed linear dynamics in the dose range of 30–60 mg/kg and poor oral bioavailability. The major distribution tissues of DF were the liver, lungs, and kidneys. Ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking demonstrated that DF had a static quenching effect on HSA, with one binding site, and relatively strong binding constants. Thermodynamic analysis of the binding data revealed that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions played major roles in binding. The results of this study further our understanding of the pharmacokinetic and plasma protein binding properties of the potential anticancer agent DF and shed light on pharmacological strategies that may be useful for the development of novel cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), School of Pharmacy, Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiying Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qishu Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaifan Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dafen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), School of Pharmacy, Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen J, Na E, Lim SY. Effect of Fractions from Lycopus lucidus Turcz. Leaves on Genomic DNA Oxidation and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1778-1784. [PMID: 34503410 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210909162626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE We investigated the inhibitory effects of fractions from Lycopus lucidus Turcz. leaves on genomic DNA oxidation, nitric oxide (NO) production and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Oxidative damage of genomic DNA was detected after Fenton reaction with H2O2 using DNA electrophoresis. Western blotting was performed to compare the expression levels of MMP-2 in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced HT-1080 cells. Lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells was measured using Griess reagent. RESULTS All fractions (n-Hexane, 85% aq. MeOH, n-BuOH, and water fractions) from the leaves of L. lucidus Turcz. significantly inhibited intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p<0.05). Particularly, 85% aq. MeOH and n-BuOH fractions showed higher ROS inhibitory activity than the other fractions. n-Hexane, 85% aq. MeOH, n-BuOH and water (0.05 mg/mL) fractions significantly inhibited oxidative DNA damage by 57.97%, 68.48%, 58.97%, and 68.39%, respectively (p <0.05). Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with each fraction reduced LPS-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). n-Hexane and 85% aq. MeOH fractions notably reduced MMP-2 secretion levels of in the culture supernatants from HT-1080 cells. CONCLUSION Overall, these results indicated that L. lucidus Turcz. leaves can be exploited as plant based sources of antioxidants in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, nutraceutical and food industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Chen
- Division of Convergence on Marine Science, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan. Korea
| | - Eun Na
- Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan. Korea
| | - Sun Young Lim
- Division of Convergence on Marine Science, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan. Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen B, Wang X, Zhang Y, Huang K, Liu H, Xu D, Li S, Liu Q, Huang J, Yao H, Lin X. Improved solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability of main biflavonoids from Selaginella doederleinii extract by amorphous solid dispersion. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:309-322. [PMID: 32037895 PMCID: PMC7034131 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1716876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amentoflavone, robustaflavone, 2″,3″-dihydro-3′,3‴-biapigenin, 3′,3‴-binaringenin, and delicaflavone are five major hydrophobic components in the total biflavonoids extract from Selaginella doederleinii (TBESD) that display favorable anticancer properties. The purpose of this study was to develop a new oral delivery formulation to improve the solubilities, dissolution rates, and oral bioavailabilities of the main ingredients in TBESD by the solid dispersion technique. Solid dispersions of TBESD with various hydrophilic polymers were prepared, and different technologies were applied to select the suitable carrier and method. TBESD amorphous solid dispersion (TBESD-ASD) with polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 was successfully prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The physicochemical properties of TBESD-ASD were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. As a result, TBESD was found to be molecularly dispersed in the amorphous carrier. The solubilities and dissolution rates of all five ingredients in the TBESD-ASD were significantly increased (nearly 100% release), compared with raw TBESD. Meanwhile, TBESD-ASD showed good preservation stability for 3 months under accelerated conditions of 40 °C and 75% relative humidity. A subsequent pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed that Cmax and AUC0–t of all five components were significantly increased by the solid dispersion preparation. An in vivo study clearly revealed that compared to raw TBESD, a significant reduction in tumor size and microvascular density occurred after oral administration of TBESD-ASD to xenograft-bearing tumor mice. Collectively, the developed TBESD-ASD with the improved solubility, dissolution rates and oral bio-availabilities of the main ingredients could be a promising chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kangping Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dafen Xu
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qicai Liu
- Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li S, Wang X, Wang G, Shi P, Lin S, Xu D, Chen B, Liu A, Huang L, Lin X, Yao H. Ethyl Acetate Extract of Selaginella doederleinii Hieron Induces Cell Autophagic Death and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer via PI3K-Akt-mTOR and AMPKα-Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:565090. [PMID: 33192508 PMCID: PMC7604386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.565090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one type of cancer with high incidence rate and high mortality worldwide. Thus, developing new chemotherapeutic drugs is important. The Selaginella doederleinii Hieron ethyl acetate (SDEA) extract showed good anti-colon cancer effect in vitro and in vivo, but its mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to further reveal the anti-colon cancer effect of SDEA and its possible mechanism. The effects on cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle in colorectal cells (HT29 and HCT116) were studied using MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. The mechanisms were further studied using cell transfection, Western blot, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The effect of xenotransplantation in vivo was observed using immunohistochemistry. Results showed that SDEA inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell morphological changes, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. It also induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased the autophagic flux, raised the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, activated caspases, and inhibited PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, SDEA inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the alteration of autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins and immunohistochemical microvascular density in xenografts, which were consistent with the results in vitro. Therefore, SDEA is important for developing candidate drugs against colorectal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, Bee Science College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shilan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dafen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Robustaflavone induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and exhibits anti-angiogenic effects in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11070. [PMID: 32632123 PMCID: PMC7338547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects of robustaflavone (RF), a naturally occurring biflavonoid, on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RF inhibited HUVEC proliferation and showed cytotoxicity that inhibited HUVEC viability. RF-induced apoptosis was characterized by flow cytometry and caspase 3 analysis. We found that RF increased the number of sub-G1 cells and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeled cells. Additionally, RF induced caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. Potential molecular targets were identified using a human apoptosis antibody array. RF upregulated Bax, Bad, cleaved caspase 3, p21, and phosphorylated p53 levels. RF induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss and the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor. Cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and the downregulation of Cdk4, Cdk6, and cyclin D1 expression were induced by RF. In vivo anti-angiogenic effects were investigated using a tumor allograft animal model and a Matrigel plug assay. RF reduced the volumes and weights of CT-26 cell-derived tumors. The blood vessel density was significantly decreased in RF-treated tumors. RF also inhibited VEGF-A-stimulated blood vessel formation in vivo in Matrigel plugs. These results suggest that RF can potentially inhibit angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth and metastasis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen B, Wang X, Lin D, Xu D, Li S, Huang J, Weng S, Lin Z, Zheng Y, Yao H, Lin X. Proliposomes for oral delivery of total biflavonoids extract from Selaginella doederleinii: formulation development, optimization, and in vitro-in vivo characterization. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6691-6706. [PMID: 31692515 PMCID: PMC6708437 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s214686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Amentoflavone, robustaflavone, 2'',3''-dihydro-3',3'''-biapigenin, 3',3'''-binaringenin and delicaflavone are five major active ingredients in the total biflavonoids extract from Selaginella doederleinii (TBESD) with favorable anticancer properties. However, the natural-derived potent antitumor agent of TBESD is undesirable due to its poor solubility. The present study was to develop and optimize a proliposomal formulation of TBESD (P-TBESD) to improve its solubility, oral bioavailability and efficacy. Materials and methods P-TBESD containing a bile salt, a protective hydrophilic isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOs) coating, were successfully prepared by thin film dispersion-sonication method. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of P-TBESD were characterized, and the antitumor effect was evaluated using the HT-29 xenograft-bearing mice models in rats. Results Compared with TBESD, the relative bioavailability of amentoflavone, robustaflavone, 2'',3''-dihydro-3',3'''-biapigenin, 3',3'''-binaringenin and delicaflavone from P-TBESD were 669%, 523%, 761%, 955% and 191%, respectively. The results of pharmacodynamics demonstrated that both TBESD and P-TBESD groups afforded antitumor effect without systemic toxicity, and the antitumor effect of P-TBESD was significantly superior to that of raw TBESD, based on the tumor growth inhibition and histopathological examination. Conclusion Hence, IMOs-modified proliposomes have promising potential for TBESD solving the problem of its poor solubility and oral bioavailability, which can serve as a practical oral preparation for TBESD in the future cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Lin
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafen Xu
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohuang Weng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zheng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yao
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang JY, Peng SY, Cheng YB, Wang CL, Farooqi AA, Yu TJ, Hou MF, Wang SC, Yen CH, Chan LP, Ou-Yang F, Chang HW. Ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii x clipeata induces antiproliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage against oral cancer cells through oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:891-901. [PMID: 31157515 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nepenthes plants are regarded as a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine for several diseases but its anticancer activity remain unclear. The subject of this study is to evaluate the antiproliferation effects on oral cancer cells by Nepenthes plants using ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii x clipeata (EANA). Cell viability was detected using MTS assay. Its detailed mechanisms including cell cycle, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage were explored by flow cytometry or western blotting. For 24 hours EANA treatment, five kinds of oral cancer cells (CAL 27, Ca9-22, OECM-1, HSC-3, and SCC9) show IC50 values of cell viability ranging from 8 to 17 μg/mL but the viability of normal oral cells (HGF-1) remains over 80%. Subsequently, CAL 27 and Ca9-22 cells with high sensitivity to EANA were chosen to investigate the detailed mechanism. EANA displays the time course and concentration effects for inducing apoptosis based on flow cytometry (subG1 and annexin V analyses) and western blotting [cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP)]. Oxidative stress and DNA damage were induced by EANA treatments in oral cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, mitochondrial superoxide, and γH2AX. All these changes of EANA treatments in oral cancer cells were reverted by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine pretreatment. Therefore, EANA induces preferential killing, apoptosis, and DNA damage against oral cancer cells through oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Peng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Wang
- College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baskaran XR, Geo Vigila AV, Zhang SZ, Feng SX, Liao WB. A review of the use of pteridophytes for treating human ailments. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:85-119. [PMID: 29405039 PMCID: PMC5833325 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes (pteridophytes) as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes (aka, ferns and fern allies) are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this lineage for over 2000 years because of their beneficial properties. We have documented the medicinal uses of pteridophytes belonging to thirty different families. The lycophyte Selaginella sp. was shown in earlier studies to have multiple pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Among all the pteridophytes examined, taxa from the Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Adiantaceae exhibited significant medicinal activity. Based on our review, many pteridophytes have properties that could be used in alternative medicine for treatment of various human illnesses. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Even though several studies have reported medicinal uses of ferns, the possible bioactive compounds of several pteridophytes have not been identified. Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Finally, the future direction of pteridophyte research is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier-ravi Baskaran
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | | | - Shou-zhou Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Shi-xiu Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Wen-bo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simultaneous quantification of five biflavonoids in rat plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS and its application to a comparatively pharmacokinetic study of Selaginella doederleinii Hieron extract in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 149:80-88. [PMID: 29101819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Selaginella doederleinii Hieron is a widely used as folk Chinese medicine for treatment of different cancers. Our previous investigations have confirmed that the total biflavonoids in ethyl acetate extract from S. doederleinii (SDEA) have favorable anticancer potentials. However, the in vivo process of its bioactive ingredients remains unknown. In this paper, a sensitive and reliable method was developed for simultaneous quantification of main five biflavonoids, including amentoflavone, robustaflavone, 2″,3″-dihydro-3',3″-biapigenin, 3',3″-binaringenin and delicaflavone in the ethyl acetate extract of S. doederleinii (SDEA extract) in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was performed using an Ultimate® XB-C18 (100×2.1mm, 3.5μm) with gradient elution of water (0.5% acetic acid) and acetonitrile at 0.2mL/min. All analytes with internal standard (chrysin) were detected using selective reaction monitoring (SRM) in negative ionization mode. The method showed a good linearity over a wide concentration range (r2>0.99). The limits of quantification for the biflavonoids were less than 10ng/mL. The developed method was applied to the comparatively pharmacokinetic study of the five biflavonoids after oral or intravenous administration of SDEA extract in rats. In addition, in silico assessments of permeability and solubility of these biflavonoids were also performed to understand their poor bioavailability. It is the first time to report the in vivo process profiles of the biflavonoids of SDEA extract in rats.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yao H, Chen B, Zhang Y, Ou H, Li Y, Li S, Shi P, Lin X. Analysis of the Total Biflavonoids Extract from Selaginella doederleinii by HPLC-QTOF-MS and Its In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Effects. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020325. [PMID: 28230759 PMCID: PMC6155910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Selaginella doederleinii Hieron has been traditionally used as a folk antitumor herbal medicine in China. In this paper, the phytochemical components of the total biflavonoids extract from S. doederleinii were studied by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS) in negative ion mode, and their in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects were evaluated. Four types of biflavonoids from S. doederleinii, including IC3′–IIC8′′, IC3′–IIC6′′, IC3′–IIC3′′′, and C–O linked biflavonoids were examined originally using QTOF MS/MS. The fragmentation behavior of IC3′–IIC3′′′ linked biflavonoids was reported for the first time. A total of twenty biflavonoids were identified or tentatively characterized and eight biflavonoids were found from S. doederleinii for the first time. Furthermore, the 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thizolyl)-2,5-diphenyltertazolium bromide (MTT) assay and xenograft model of mouse lewis lung cancer(LLC) in male C57BL/6 mice revealed favorable anticancer properties of the total biflavonoids extracts from S. doederleinii. The results of this work could provide useful knowledge for the identification of biflavonoids in herbal samples and further insights into the chemopreventive function of this plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Huigen Ou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dat LD, Zhao BT, Hung ND, Lee JH, Min BS, Woo MH. Lignan derivatives from Selaginella tamariscina and their nitric oxide inhibitory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:524-529. [PMID: 28038832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemical characterization of Selaginella tamariscina leaves resulted in the isolation of five lignanoside derivatives (1-4 and 6) and one neolignan (5). These compounds include three new lignanosides, tamariscinosides D-F (1-3), and one liriodendrin (4) that were isolated for the first time from this plant, together with two known compounds, (2R,3S)-dihydro-2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-5-acetyl-benzofuran (5) and moellenoside B (6). The chemical structures of these isolated compounds were determined using 1D and 2D NMR, MS, and CD spectroscopic data, and the results were compared to data previously reported in the literatures. These compounds were also evaluated in terms of their inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated activity in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Among them, compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 exhibited a significant inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 32.3 to 55.8μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Duc Dat
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Bing Tian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Duc Hung
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea; Phutho College of Pharmacy, Viettri City, Phutho Province 290000, Viet Nam
| | - Jeong Hyung Lee
- College of Natural Science, Kangwon National University, Kangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sui Y, Li S, Shi P, Wu Y, Li Y, Chen W, Huang L, Yao H, Lin X. Ethyl acetate extract from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron inhibits the growth of human lung cancer cells A549 via caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:261-71. [PMID: 27292193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Selaginella doederleinii Hieron has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of different cancers, especially for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung cancer and trophoblastic tumor in China. Previously, the ethyl acetate extract from S. doederleinii (SDEA extract) showed favorable anti-cancer potentials. However, the main chemical composition and anticancer mechanism of the SDEA extract were still not very clear. Until now, there are no reports available about the oral toxicity of the extract. AIM OF STUDY The present study was to further elucidate the chemical composition and anti-lung cancer mechanism of the SDEA extract, and evaluate the acute oral toxicity of the extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SDEA extract was separated and analysed by HPLC to disclose its main chemicals. The effects of the extract were then investigated in vitro on cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and the molecular mechanism against human lung cancer cells A549 was further studied by western blot assays. The in vivo anti-cancer effect of the extract was evaluated in A549 xenograft mice model by histochemical assay, and tumor growth, microvascular density (MVD) and Ki67 expression were also measured. In addition, acute oral toxicity test of the extract was executed in mice. RESULTS SDEA extract mainly contained eight biflavonoids. The extract caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induced cell apoptosis by upregulating Bax, downregulating Bcl-2, activating caspase-9 and caspase-3 and blocked the cell cycle in S phase. The extract reduced expression of antigen Ki67, decreased MVD, and significantly inhibited the tumor growth. The extract did not show apparent oral acute toxicity in healthy mice. CONCLUSION The SDEA extract exerted anti-tumor effect through activating mitochondrial pathways and reducing Ki67 expression and MVD. Low oral acute toxicity suggested it a promising chemotherapy agent.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Acetates/chemistry
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Microvessels/drug effects
- Microvessels/pathology
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Plants, Medicinal
- S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Selaginellaceae/chemistry
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Solvents/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Sui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Pharmacy, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of TCM resource and Apitherapy, Bee Science College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Youjia Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Center For Disease Control & Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Weiying Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - XinHua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
AG4, a compound isolated from Radix Ardisiae Gigantifoliae, induces apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal cancer CNE cells through intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:331-42. [PMID: 25521557 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
3β-O-{α-L-Pyran rhamnose-(1→3)-[β-D-xylopyranose-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranose-(1→4)-[β-D-lucopyranose-(1→2)]-α-L-pyran arabinose}-cyclamiretin A (AG4) is a saponin component obtained from the Giantleaf Ardisia Rhizome (Rhizoma Ardisiae Gigantifoliae). The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor potential of AG4 and its possible mechanisms in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE). We exposed tumor cells to AG4 to investigate which cell line was the most sensitive to AG4. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT reduction assay, and the effects of AG4 on apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cell cycle were detected using a flow cytometer; the glutathione, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde activities were measured using colorimetric methods. The relative expressions of Bax, Bad, Bid, Bcl-2, and Fas mRNA were calculated using the (Equation is included in full-text article.)comparative method by real-time PCR studies and protein was detected by western blotting. AG4 markedly inhibited the growth of CNE cells by decreasing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and blocking the cell cycle in the S phase. The release of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 was stimulated by AG4 in CNE, and the decreased proliferation induced by AG4 was blocked by the inhibitor of pan caspase (Z-VAD-FMK). Moreover, the MMP was decreased in AG4-treated cells, and AG4-induced cell apoptosis was accompanied by a rapid and lasting increase in ROS, which was abolished by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC); glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were regulated by AG4. AG4 inhibited Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression and stimulated Bax, Bad, Bid, Fas mRNA, and protein expression in CNE cultures, suggesting an effect at the transcriptional and protein level. In addition, both the FasL inhibitor (AF-016) and the Bcl-2 family inhibitor (GX15-070) could prevent the cell apoptosis induced by AG4. The findings suggested that AG4-induced apoptosis in CNE cells involved a death receptor pathway and a Bcl-2 family-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway by decreasing the MMPs in an ROS-dependent manner and regulating genes and proteins relative to apoptosis; also, regulation of cell cycles may also play a role in the antitumor mechanism of AG4.
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo YQ, Sun HY, Chan CO, Liu BB, Wu JH, Chan SW, Mok DKW, Tse AKW, Yu ZL, Chen SB. Centipeda minima (Ebushicao) extract inhibits PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells. Chin Med 2015; 10:26. [PMID: 26388933 PMCID: PMC4575463 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-015-0058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Centipeda minima (Ebushicao) has been used for the treatment of various diseases, such as nasal allergies, rhinitis and sinusitis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cough, and headache. This study aims to investigate the anticancer activities of Centipeda minima ethanol extracts (CME) against nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE-1 and their underlying mechanism. Methods CNE-1 cells were treated with different concentrations (15–50 μg/mL) of CME for different time intervals (24, 48, and 72 h). Cytotoxicity of CME was determined by MTT assay. Cell morphological changes were observed by fluorescence microscopy after HO 33258 staining. Cell cycle status was evaluated by flow cytometry following propidium iodide staining. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry following annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The levels of apoptosis-associated and PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling related proteins were measured by western blotting analysis. Results CME (15–50 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the proliferation of CNE-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P = 0.026 for 15 μg/mL, P < 0.001 for 25, 30, 40, and 50 μg/mL, respectively); the IC50 values (μg/mL) were 41.57 ± 0.17, 30.34 ± 0.06 and 24.98 ± 0.08 for 24, 48 and 72 h treatments, respectively. Significant morphological changes of CNE-1 cells displaying apoptosis were observed after CME treatment. CME showed low cytotoxicity toward normal LO2 cells. CNE-1 cells were arrested in the G2/M phase while treated with 15, 25, 40 μg/mL of CME, respectively (P = 0.032, P = 0.0053, P < 0.001). CME (15, 25, 40 μg/mL) down-regulated Bcl-2 expression (P = 0.032, P = 0.0074, P < 0.001), and up-regulated Bax (P = 0.026, P = 0.0056, P < 0.001) with activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP observed in CNE-1 cells (P = 0.015, P = 0.0067, P < 0.001 for caspase 3; P = 0.210, 0.028, < 0.001 for caspase 8; P = 0.152, 0.082, 0.0080 for caspase 9; P = 0.265, 0.0072, < 0.001 for PARP). CME suppressed the activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway (P = 0.03, 0.0007, 0.004, 0.006, 0.022 for p-PI3K, p-Akt-Ser473, p-Akt-Thr308, p-mTOR-Ser2448, p-mTOR-Ser2481, respectively after 40 μg/mL of CME treated for 24 h). Conclusion CME inhibited the proliferation of CNE-1 cells and activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057 People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-On Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057 People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057 People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Wan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057 People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057 People's Republic of China
| | - Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Bao Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang JZ, Li J, Zhao P, Ma WT, Feng XH, Chen KL. Antitumor Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron In Vitro and In Vivo and Its Possible Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:865714. [PMID: 25866543 PMCID: PMC4381860 DOI: 10.1155/2015/865714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor activities of ethyl acetate extracts from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron (SD extracts) in vitro and in vivo and its possible mechanism were investigated. HPLC method was developed for chemical analysis. SD extracts were submitted to 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on different cells, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR analysis using HepG2 cell and antitumor activity in vivo using H-22 xenograft tumor mice. Six biflavonoids from SD extracts were submitted to molecular docking assay. The results showed that SD extracts had considerable antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo without obvious toxicity on normal cells and could induce cell apoptosis. The mechanisms of tumorigenesis and cell apoptosis induced by SD extracts may be associated with decreasing the ratio of bcl-2 and bax mRNA level, activating caspase-3, suppressing survivin, and decreasing the gene expression of COX-2, 5-LOX, FLAP, and 12-LOX mRNA. The main active component in SD extracts is biflavonoids and some exhibited strong interactions with COX-2, 5-LOX, 12-LOX, and 15-LOX. These results offering evidence of possible mechanisms of SD extracts suppress cell proliferation and promote apoptosis and provide the molecular theoretical basis of clinical application of S. doederleinii for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-zhi Wang
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and TCM Compound Co-Constructed by Hubei Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Juan Li
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and TCM Compound Co-Constructed by Hubei Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and TCM Compound Co-Constructed by Hubei Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Wen-tao Ma
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and TCM Compound Co-Constructed by Hubei Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xie-he Feng
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and TCM Compound Co-Constructed by Hubei Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ke-li Chen
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and TCM Compound Co-Constructed by Hubei Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430065, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Joshi AL, Roham PH, Mhaske R, Jadhav M, Krishnadas K, Kharat A, Hardikar B, Kharat KR. Calotropis procera extract induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in human skin melanoma (SK-MEL-2) cells. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29:2261-4. [PMID: 25623835 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.1001386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Calotropis procera (family: Asclepiadaceae) contains cardiac glycosides which are cytotoxic to cancer cells. The extracts of C. procera have been reported to be cytotoxic to many cancer cell lines and this is the first report against the human skin melanoma cells (SK-MEL-2). The SK-MEL-2 cells treated with C. procera methanolic extract (CPME) were analysed for growth inhibition and apoptosis. The exposure of phosphatidylserine in apoptotic SK-MEL-2 was analysed by using the Annexin-V FITC flow cytometry method. In CPME-treated SK-MEL-2 cells, 19.6% of apoptotic and 58.3% dead cells were observed. The 15.97% and 15.85% of early apoptotic cells were found at 20 μg/mL of the ouabain and paclitaxel, respectively. Active caspases, nuclear degradation confirmed apoptotic SK-MEL-2 cells in time- and dose-dependent manner. The cell cycle analysis shows that CPME treated cells halt at G2/M phase. Significant cytotoxic activity of CPME against SK-MEL-2 may be attributed to its high cardenolide content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna L Joshi
- a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India
| | - Pratiksha H Roham
- a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India
| | - Rooth Mhaske
- a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India
| | - Mahadev Jadhav
- a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India
| | - Kavitha Krishnadas
- a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India
| | - Amol Kharat
- b Modern College of Pharmacy , Moshi, Pune 412105 , India
| | | | - Kiran R Kharat
- a Deogiri College, Centre for Advanced Life Sciences , Aurangabad , Maharashtra 43100 , India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li J, Lei X, Chen KL. Comparison of cytotoxic activities of extracts from Selaginella species. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:529-35. [PMID: 25422557 PMCID: PMC4239734 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.141794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selaginella species are resurrection plants, which are known, possess various molecular bioactivities depending on species, but only a few species have been detailed observe in the advanced research. OBJECTIVE The objective of the following study is to compare the chemical profiles of different species of Selaginella and to investigate cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis activities of some species of Selaginella. MATERIALS AND METHODS The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for chemical analysis. Ethyl acetate, ethanol and water-soluble extracts from seven Selaginella species were submitted to 3-(4,5-dimenthyl thizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) laddering analysis and caspase-3 expression using Bel-7402, HT-29 and HeLa cells. RESULTS The HPLC analysis revealed two major common peaks, which were identified as amentoflavone and robustaflavone and another three main peaks in their chromatograms. The results showed that S. labordei, Selaginella tamariscina and Selaginella uncinata had relatively stronger activities on Bel-7402 and HeLa cells and Selaginella moellendorfii had moderate antiproliferation activities, but Selaginella remotifolia and Selaginella pulvinata had almost no inhibitory activities. The main active components were in the ethyl acetate extracts which had abundant biflavonoids. The effects of these extracts on cell proliferation and apoptosis in different cells were not the same, they were more apparent on HeLa cells than on HT-29 cells. The assay of DNA laddering analysis and caspase-3 expression further confirmed that inducing cell apoptosis was one of antitumor mechanisms and antitumor activities of Selaginella species were related to apoptosis induced by caspase family. CONCLUSION S. labordei, S. tamariscina and S. uncinata would be potential antitumor agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Identification and Assessment of TCM, Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and TCM Compound Co-constructed by Hubei Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China ; Department of Phytochemistry, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Lei
- Department of Identification and Assessment of TCM, Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and TCM Compound Co-constructed by Hubei Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ke-Li Chen
- Department of Identification and Assessment of TCM, Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM Resource and TCM Compound Co-constructed by Hubei Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee CC, Hsieh HJ, Hsieh CH, Hwang DF. Antioxidative and anticancer activities of various ethanolic extract fractions from crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:761-773. [PMID: 25305737 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many studies currently researching marine invertebrates to determine the therapeutic potential of their bioactive materials have been showing very promising results. The crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, an Echinodermata of the class Asteroidea, is infamous as the unique venomous starfish and as a destroyer of coral reefs. Starfish possesses many useful pharmacological and biological characteristics. In this study, A. planci was extracted with 70% ethanol and lyophilized to obtain an ethanol fraction. The ethanol fraction was dissolved with water and defatted with petroleum ether to obtain a non-polar fraction. The residual solution was successively partitioned with ethylacetate and butanol to obtain an ethylacetate fraction and butanol fraction, respectively. Four fractions were used to examine the antioxidant and anticancer properties. The ethanol fraction of A. planci contained the highest antioxidant effects such as ABTS, DPPH, Fe(2+) chelating activity and reducing power when compared with four fractions. Among the four fractions, the butanol fraction was especially shown to inhibit human malignant melanoma A375.S2 cells' proliferation, which is involved in the apoptotic progression. This fraction could induce apoptosis and even necrosis in A375.S2 cells as evidenced by double staining with an Annexin V-FITC and PI assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. These results indicated that the starfish A. planci is a good resource for obtaining the biologically active substances for antioxidant and anticancer effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chiu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hernyi Justin Hsieh
- Penghu Marine Biology Research Center, Fishery Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Magong, Penghu 880, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hong Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deng-Fwu Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee CC, Hsieh HJ, Hsieh CH, Hwang DF. Spine venom of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) induces antiproliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cells (A375.S2). Toxicon 2014; 91:126-34. [PMID: 25159188 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) is a venomous starfish. In this study, the extraction of A. planci spine venom (ASV) was performed by phosphate saline buffer, followed by assaying the cytotoxicity on human normal and tumor cells. It was found that human melanoma cells (A375.S2) were the most sensitive to the ASV solution. The cells, after incubation with ASV, significantly appeared to decrease cell viability and increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release with a dose-dependent relationship. The extract of spine promoted loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and induced inter-nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in human melanoma cells. The cells exhibited apoptosis by using propidium iodide (PI) staining of DNA fragmentation; it was then determined by flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak). The molecular cytotoxicity of ASV was tested through evaluation of the apoptosis/necrosis ratio by double staining with annexin V and PI assay. The A. planci spine venom showed significant antiproliferation. The human melanoma cells revealed apoptosis at low dose (1.25 μg/ml), and necrosis occurred at high dose (5 μg/ml).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chiu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hernyi Justin Hsieh
- Penghu Marine Biology Research Center, Fishery Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Magong, Penghu 880, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hong Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deng-Fwu Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee CC, Hsieh HJ, Hwang DF. Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the plancitoxin I from the venom of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) on A375.S2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:407-17. [PMID: 25047904 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on a cytotoxic toxin derived from the venom of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci (CAV). The protein toxin was isolated through both ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography, and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrum analyzes. The CAV was identified as plancitoxin I protein. The mechanistic role of the CAV toxin was explored in human malignant melanoma A375.S2 cell death. The results indicated that after incubation with CAV toxin, cells significantly decreased in A375.S2 cell viability and increased in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in a dose-dependent manner. The assays indicated that CAV toxin promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, induced nitric oxide (NO) formation, lost mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and induced inter-nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in A375.S2 cells. The molecular cytotoxicity of the CAV toxin was tested through evaluation of the apoptosis/necrosis ratio by double staining with annexin V-FITC and a propidium iodide (PI) assay. The results suggested that CAV toxin induced a cytotoxic effect in A375.S2 cells via the apoptotic procedure, and may be associated with the regulation of the p38 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chiu Lee
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 202, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Antiviral Activity of Total Flavonoid Extracts from Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron against Coxsackie Virus B3 In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:950817. [PMID: 24963331 PMCID: PMC4055240 DOI: 10.1155/2014/950817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral activity of total flavonoid extracts from Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron and its main constituents amentoflavone were investigated against coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3). When added during or after viral infection, the extracts and amentoflavone prevented the cytopathic effect (CPE) of CVB3, as demonstrated in a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) from 19 ± 1.6 to 41 ± 1.2 μg/mL and 25 ± 1.2 to 52 ± 0.8 μg/mL, respectively. KM mice were used as animal models to test the extracts' activity in vivo. Oral administration of the total flavonoid extracts at 300 mg/kg/day significantly reduced mean viral titers in the heart and kidneys as well as mortality after infection for 15 days. The experimental results demonstrate that in vitro and in vivo the model mice infected with CVB3 can be effectively treated by the total flavonoid extracts from Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron.
Collapse
|
29
|
Li S, Zhao M, Li Y, Sui Y, Yao H, Huang L, Lin X. Preparative isolation of six anti-tumour biflavonoids from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron by high-speed counter-current chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:127-133. [PMID: 24115163 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biflavonoids are the primary constituents of Selaginella doederleinii Hieron, to which different bioactivities have been attributed, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal and anti-virus activity. However, effective methods for separation of these compounds are not currently available. OBJECTIVE To develop a high performance and bioassay-guided method for preparative isolation of biflavonoids from S. doederleini via high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). METHODS The anti-proliferation effects of four fractions (70% ethanol, petroleum ether, dichloromethane and acetic ether extracts) of S. doederleinii on five human cancer cells were monitored. The dichloromethane and acetic ether extracts showed good cytotoxicities to the studied cancer cell lines, guiding the subsequent separation. Two solvent systems composed of n-hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (1:2:1.5:1.5, v/v) and n-hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (3:2:3:2, v/v) were developed for separation of the active fractions, respectively. Identification of the biflavonoids was performed by EI-MS(n) , (1) H- and (13) C-NMR.' RESULTS Under the optimised conditions, 12.6 mg amentoflavone (91.4%), 6.6 mg robustaflavone (90.4%), 7.5 mg 2'', 3''-dihydro-3', 3'''-biapigenin (98.2%) and 7.3 mg 3', 3'''-binaringenin (90.3%) from acetic ether extract (500 mg) and 6.3 mg heveaflavone (93.5%) and 5.3 mg 7, 4', 7'', 4'''-tetra-O-methyl-amentoflavone (94.5%) from dichloromethane extract (200 mg) were obtained, respectively. The anti-proliferation effects of the six biflavonoids on the five human cancer cells were further verified. CONCLUSION The study provides methodological references for simultaneously preparative isolation of several bioactive biflavones from the herbal family of Selaginella. It is the first report discovering 2'', 3''-dihydro-3', 3'''-biapigenin and 3', 3'''-binaringenin from this herb and describing their cytotoxicities to human cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li S, Yao H, Zhao M, Li Y, Huang L, Lin X. Determination of Seven Biflavones ofSelaginella Doederleiniiby High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.831426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
31
|
Constant Anatole P, Guru SK, Bathelemy N, Jeanne N, Bhushan S, Murayama T, Saxena AK. Ethyl acetate fraction of Garcina epunctata induces apoptosis in human promyelocytic cells (HL-60) through the ROS generation and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest: a bioassay-guided approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:865-874. [PMID: 23981377 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Number of deaths due to cancer diseases is increasing in the world. There is an urgent need to develop alternative therapeutic measures against the disease. Our study reports the cytotoxicity activity of Garcina epunctata (gutifferae) in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) and prostate cancer cells (PC-3) was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and morphological changes associated with apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry and Hoescht staining respectively. The results of in vitro antiproliferative screening of fractions and extract from G. epunctata indicated that three fractions inhibited the viability of PC-3 cells with IC₅₀ varied from 50 to 88 μ/ml while two fractions inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells with IC₅₀ range between 47.5 and 12 μg/ml. Among the entire fraction tested, Hex-EtOAc (75:25) showed cytotoxic effects on the two cell lines and EtOAc fraction was most active only HL-60 cells (12 μg/ml). Treatment of HL-60 cells with G. epunctata (20, 50, 100 μg/ml) for 24 h led to a significant dose-dependent increase in the percentage of cells in sub-G1 phase by analysis of the content of DNA in cells, and a number of apoptotic bodies containing nuclear fragments were observed in cells treated with 100 μg/ml. The EtOAc fraction of G. epunctata treatment significantly arrested HL-60 cells at the G0/G1 phase (p<0.05) and ROS was significantly elevated as well as the loss of membrane mitochondrial potential in a concentration dependant manner. The results demonstrated that the EtOAc fraction of G. epunctata inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death, which was confirmed to occur through the mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieme Constant Anatole
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 1364 Yaoundé, Cameroon; Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, 180001, Canal Road, Jammu, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Transient overexpression of TGFBR3 induces apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:e00029. [PMID: 23387308 PMCID: PMC3596095 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20120047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NPC (nasopharyngeal carcinoma) is a common malignancy in southern China without defined aetiology. Recent studies have shown that TGFBR3 (transforming growth factor type III receptor, also known as betaglycan), exhibits anticancer activities. This study was to investigate the effects of TGFBR3 on NPC growth and the mechanisms for its actions. Effects of TGFBR3 overexpression on cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide], AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) staining and electron microscopy in human NPC CNE-2Z cells. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins, p-Bad, Bad, XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis), AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor), Bax and Bcl-2, was determined by Western blot or immunofluorescence analysis. Caspase 3 activity was measured by caspase 3 activity kit and [Ca2+]i (intracellular Ca2+ concentration) was detected by confocal microscopy. Transfection of TGFBR3 containing plasmid DNA at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μg/ml reduced viability and induced apoptosis in CNE-2Z in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Forced expression of TGFBR3 up-regulated pro-apoptotic Bad and Bax protein, and down-regulated anti-apoptotic p-Bad, Bcl-2 and XIAP protein. Furthermore, transient overexpression of TGFBR3 also enhanced caspase 3 activity, increased [Ca2+]i and facilitated AIF redistribution from the mitochondria to the nucleus in CNE-2Z cells, which is independent of the caspase 3 pathway. These events were associated with TGFBR3-regulated multiple targets involved in CNE-2Z proliferation. Therefore transient overexpression of TGFBR3 may be a novel strategy for NPC prevention and therapy.
Collapse
|
33
|
Yobi A, Wone BWM, Xu W, Alexander DC, Guo L, Ryals JA, Oliver MJ, Cushman JC. Metabolomic profiling in Selaginella lepidophylla at various hydration states provides new insights into the mechanistic basis of desiccation tolerance. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:369-85. [PMID: 23239830 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Selaginella lepidophylla is one of only a few species of spike mosses (Selaginellaceae) that have evolved desiccation tolerance (DT) or the ability to 'resurrect' from an air-dried state. In order to understand the metabolic basis of DT, S. lepidophylla was subjected to a five-stage, rehydration/dehydration cycle, then analyzed using non-biased, global metabolomics profiling technology based on GC/MS and UHLC/MS/MS(2) platforms. A total of 251 metabolites including 167 named (66.5%) and 84 (33.4%) unnamed compounds were characterized. Only 42 (16.7%) and 74 (29.5%) of compounds showed significantly increased or decreased abundance, respectively, indicating that most compounds were produced constitutively, including highly abundant trehalose, sucrose, and glucose. Several glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates showed increased abundance at 100% relative water content (RWC) and 50% RWC. Vanillate, a potent antioxidant, was also more abundant in the hydrated state. Many different sugar alcohols and sugar acids were more abundant in the hydrated state. These polyols likely decelerate the rate of water loss during the drying process as well as slow water absorption during rehydration, stabilize proteins, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, nitrogen-rich and γ-glutamyl amino acids, citrulline, and nucleotide catabolism products (e.g. allantoin) were more abundant in the dry states, suggesting that these compounds might play important roles in nitrogen remobilization during rehydration or in ROS scavenging. UV-protective compounds such as 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, apigenin, and naringenin, were more abundant in the dry states. Most lipids were produced constitutively, with the exception of choline phosphate, which was more abundant in dry states and likely plays a role in membrane hydration and stabilization. In contrast, several polyunsaturated fatty acids were more abundant in the hydrated states, suggesting that these compounds likely help maintain membrane fluidity during dehydration. Lastly, S. lepidophylla contained seven unnamed compounds that displayed twofold or greater abundance in dry or rehydrating states, suggesting that these compounds might play adaptive roles in DT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abou Yobi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0330, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang X. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomi-induced the apoptosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 cell line via disrupting redox equilibrium. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 66:607-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
35
|
Cheng X, Xiao Y, Wang X, Wang P, Li H, Yan H, Liu Q. Anti-tumor and pro-apoptotic activity of ethanolic extract and its various fractions from Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw in L1210 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:49-56. [PMID: 22687253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw is a traditional Chinese herb for treatment of fever, hemostatic, uterine prolapse and especially for lymphocytic leukemia, but the antitumor effect and its potential mechanism remains unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY The present study was to investigate the possible anti-proliferative activity of ethanolic extract and the organic fractions from P. commune on murine leukemia L1210 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The content of ethanolic extract and its fractions was performed on HPLC analysis with gradient elution. L1210 cells were treated with different concentrations of ethanolic extract and its fractions at different time intervals. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. Apoptotic cell death was monitored by nuclear condensation and confirmed by exposure of phosphatidylserine to outer leaflet of plasma membrane. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by flow cytometry using rhodamine 123 staining. RESULTS The obtained results showed that the cell viability of L1210 cells was reduced by ethanolic extract of P. commune in a concentration-dependent manner, and the IC(50) value was about 77.22 μg/ml at 24h post treatment. The ethylacetate fraction displayed higher anti-tumor effect than that of chloroform and butanol fractions with 32.29 μg/ml (IC(50) value, 48 h). Microscopy studies revealed that ethanolic extract and ethylacetate fraction treated cells showed morphological characteristics of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation and DNA aggregation. Further, Annexin V-PE/ 7-AAD double staining showing the out leaflet of phosphatidylserine and the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry confirmed that the extracts do, in fact, induce apoptosis in L1210 cells. CONCLUSION This is the first report on anti-tumor and pro-apoptotic effect of P. commune in cultured leukemia cells, which provides scientific basis for its usefulness as traditional medicine. Further studies are needed to confirm the precise mechanism not only the crude extract but as well the monomeric chemical substances of Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|