1
|
Lee EB, Lee K. Coptis rhizome extract influence on Streptococcus pneumoniae through autolysin activation. AMB Express 2024; 14:79. [PMID: 38965154 PMCID: PMC11224187 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antibacterial properties of Coptis rhizome, a plant traditionally used for respiratory infections, against Streptoccus pneumonia (S. pneumoniae), for which there has been minimal empirical evidence of effectiveness. The study particularly examined autolysis, indirectly associated with antibacterial resistance, when using Coptis rhizome for bacterial infections. In our methodology, Coptis rhizome was processed with ethanol and distilled water to produce four different extracts: CRET30, CRET50, CRET70, and CRDW. The antibacterial activity of these extracts were tested through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assays, disk diffusion tests, and time-kill assays, targeting both standard (ATCC 49619) and resistant (ATCC 70067) strains. The study also evaluated the extracts' biofilm inhibition properties and monitored the expression of the lyt gene, integral to autolysis. The results prominently showed that the CRET70 extract demonstrated remarkable antibacterial strength. It achieved an MIC of 0.125 µg/mL against both tested S. pneumoniae strains. The disk diffusion assay recorded inhibition zones of 22.17 mm for ATCC 49619 and 17.20 mm for ATCC 70067. Impressively, CRET70 resulted in a 2-log decrease in bacterial numbers for both strains, showcasing its potent bactericidal capacity. The extract was also effective in inhibiting 77.40% of biofilm formation. Additionally, the significant overexpression of the lytA gene in the presence of CRET70 pointed to a potential mechanism of action for its antibacterial effects. The outcomes provided new perspectives on the use of Coptis rhizome in combating S. pneumoniae, especially significant in an era of escalating antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Materials, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Turani O, Castro MJ, Vazzana J, Mendioroz P, Volpe MA, Gerbino DC, Bouzat C. Potent Anthelmintic Activity of Chalcones Synthesized by an Effective Green Approach. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400071. [PMID: 38573571 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
There is currently an urgent need for new anthelmintic agents due to increasing resistance to the limited available drugs. The chalcone scaffold is a privileged structure for developing new drugs and has been shown to exhibit potential antiparasitic properties. We synthesized a series of chalcones via Claisen-Schmidt condensation, introducing a novel recoverable catalyst derived from biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of tree pruning waste. Employing microwave irradiation and a green solvent, this approach demonstrated significantly reduced reaction times and excellent compatibility with various functional groups. The result was the generation of a library of functionalized chalcones, exhibiting exclusive (E)-selectivity and high to excellent yields. The chalcone derivatives were evaluated on the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The chalcone scaffold, along with two derivatives incorporating a methoxy substituent in either ring, caused a concentration-dependent decrease of worm motility, revealing potent anthelmintic activity and spastic paralysis not mediated by the nematode levamisole-sensitive nicotinic receptor. The combination of both methoxy groups in the chalcone scaffold resulted in a less potent compound causing worm hypermotility at the short term, indicating a distinct molecular mechanism. Through the identification of promising drug candidates, this work addresses the demand for new anthelmintic drugs while promoting sustainable chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Turani
- INIBIBB (CONICET-UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Camino La Carrindanga km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - M Julia Castro
- INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Juliana Vazzana
- INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Pamela Mendioroz
- INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María A Volpe
- PLAPIQUI (CONICET-CCTBB), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Darío C Gerbino
- INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Bouzat
- INIBIBB (CONICET-UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Camino La Carrindanga km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Correa Uriburu FM, Zampini IC, Maldonado LM, Gómez Mattson M, Salvatori D, Isla MI. Powdered Beverage from Native Plants from Argentina ( Zuccagnia punctata and Solanum betaceum) Obtained by Spray-Drying: A Promising Source of Antioxidant Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1646. [PMID: 37111869 PMCID: PMC10144312 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, the Argentinean native plants called Zuccagnia punctata (jarilla, pus pus, lata) and Solanum betaceum (chilto, tree tomato) were reported as new natural sources of antioxidant compounds, mainly chalcones, anthocyanins and rosmarinic acid derivates. The present study deals with the production of antioxidant beverages of Z. punctata (Zp) extract and chilto juice with honey as sweetener. A Zp extract and red chilto juice were obtained according to Food Code and characterized. The beverages were formulated by using maltodextrin (MD) with two dextrose equivalents (DE), 10 and 15, and then spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 130 °C. The physicochemical, microscopical, phytochemical and functional characteristics of the powders were surveyed. The experiments carried out showed good physical properties for both formulations showing high water solubility with adequate features for handling, transport and storage. The chromatic parameters of both powdered beverages indicate orange-pink tones regardless of the wall material used. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content in the beverages were kept after spray-drying (92 and 100%, respectively). The anthocyanins were less stable under drying conditions (yield 58%). Both powdered beverages showed high scavenger capacity on ABTS•+, HO• and H2O2 (SC50 between 3.29 to 41.05 µg GAE/mL) and were able to inhibit xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity (CI50 between 91.35 and 114.43 µg GAE/mL). The beverages were neither toxic nor mutagenic in the concentration range with biological activity. The results obtained in the present work scientifically support the use of the powdered beverages of Argentinean native plants as antioxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia María Correa Uriburu
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000CBG, Argentina; (F.M.C.U.); (I.C.Z.)
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Famaillá (INTA), Ruta Provincial 301-km 32, Famaillá 4132, Tucumán, Argentina;
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000CBG, Argentina; (F.M.C.U.); (I.C.Z.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000JFE, Argentina
| | - Luis Maria Maldonado
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Famaillá (INTA), Ruta Provincial 301-km 32, Famaillá 4132, Tucumán, Argentina;
| | - Milagros Gómez Mattson
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), Neuquén 8300, Argentina; (M.G.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Salvatori
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), Neuquén 8300, Argentina; (M.G.M.); (D.S.)
| | - María Inés Isla
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000CBG, Argentina; (F.M.C.U.); (I.C.Z.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000JFE, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carabajal MPA, Piloto-Ferrer J, Nicollela HD, Squarisi IS, Prado Guissone AP, Esperandim TR, Tavares DC, Isla MI, Zampini IC. Antigenotoxic, antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties of a combination of native medicinal plants from Argentina. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113479. [PMID: 33091491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jarilla is the common name of an appreciated group of native plants from the semi-arid region in Argentina (Larrea cuneifolia Cav., Larrea divaricata Cav. and Zuccagnia punctata Cav.) that have been historically consumed to heal respiratory, musculoskeletal and skin ailments, as well as recommended for weakness/tiredness, hypertension, diabetes and cancer treatment. It was previously reported that some biological properties could be improved when these plants are used jointly. Infusions of a defined mixture, composed by three Jarilla species, L. cuneifolia: L. divaricata: Z. punctata (0.5:0.25:0.25) (HM2) showed synergistic and additive effect on antioxidant activity even after passing through the gastro-duodenal tract. AIM OF THE STUDY The main purpose of this work was to evaluate antigenotoxic, antitumor, and anti-metastatic properties of the Jarilla species that grow in the Northwest of Argentina and a herbal combination of them. MATERIAL AND METHODS Infusions of Jarilla mixture (HM2), and of each single plant species were prepared. Phenolic profiles of infusions were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and two relevant chemical markers were quantified. The antigenotoxic activity was evaluated by using the Ames test and the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay against direct mutagens. Evaluations of both cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects were conducted on tumor and non-tumor cell lines. Both in vivo tumoral growth and metastasis inhibition were evaluated by using a carcinoma model on Balb/c mice. RESULTS HM2 mix could suppress genetic and chromosome mutations induced by 4-nitro-o-phenylendiamine (4-NPD) and doxorubicin. Herbal mixture and single plant infusions showed cytotoxic effect against mammary, uterus, and brain tumoral cells without a selective action vs normal human cell line. HM2 mix was able to reduce mammary tumor mass on the Balb/c mice model and showed a significant reduction in the number of metastatic nodules in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the combinations of three Jarilla species from northwest Argentina would be a promising alternative to treat or slow down the development of chronic diseases, such as cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Patricia Antonella Carabajal
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Janet Piloto-Ferrer
- Departamento de Toxicología Genética y Antitumorales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM), Avenida 26, No. 1605 e/Puentes Grandes y Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Heloiza Diniz Nicollela
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Iara Silva Squarisi
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Prado Guissone
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Denise Crispim Tavares
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - María Inés Isla
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Propolis from the Monte Region in Argentina: A Potential Phytotherapic and Food Functional Ingredient. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020076. [PMID: 33525321 PMCID: PMC7911552 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide overall information on Argentine propolis and to shed light on its potential, especially the one from the Monte region so as to support future research in the field. Around 1999, the Argentine propolis began to be chemically and functionally characterized to give it greater added value. Because Argentina has a wide plant biodiversity, it is expected that its propolis will have various botanical origins, and consequently, a different chemical composition. To date, five types have been defined. Based on their functionality, several products have been developed for use in human and veterinary medicine and in animal and human food. Because the Argentine propolis with the greatest potential is that of the Monte eco-region, this review will describe the findings of the last 20 years on this propolis, its botanical source (Zuccagnia punctata Cav.), its chemical composition, and a description of markers of chemical quality (chalcones) and functionality. Propolis can regulate the activity of various pro-inflammatory enzymes and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism enzymes, as well as remove reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Consequently, it can modulate metabolic syndrome and could be used as a functional ingredient in food. Furthermore, hydroalcoholic extracts can act against human and animal pathogenic bacteria and human yeast, and mycelial pathogenic fungi. The ability to stop the growth of post-harvest pathogenic bacteria and fungi was also demonstrated. For this reason, Argentine propolis are natural products capable of protecting crops and increasing the lifespan of harvested fruit and vegetables. Several reports indicate the potential of Argentine propolis to be used in innovative products to improve health, food preservation, and packaging. However, there is still much to learn about these natural products to make a wholesome use of them.
Collapse
|
6
|
Biharee A, Sharma A, Kumar A, Jaitak V. Antimicrobial flavonoids as a potential substitute for overcoming antimicrobial resistance. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104720. [PMID: 32910994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death in 21st century due to antimicrobial resistance and scarcity of new molecules to undertake rising infections. There could be a multiple reasons behind antimicrobial resistance whether it is increased drug metabolism or bacterial endotoxins. The demand of effective medication is increasing day by day to treat microbial infections and combat antimicrobial resistance. In recent years most of the synthetic antimicrobials developed resistance so natural products could provide better options to fulfill this demand. There has been increasing interest in the research on flavonoids because various flavonoids were found to be effective against pathogenic microorganisms. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article will be to explore antimicrobial activity of flavonoids with special focus on their possible mechanism of action. METHODS The article reviewed recent literature related to flavonoids with antimicrobial activity, which were isolated from various sources and the compounds showing fairly good activity against tested microbial species were discussed. RESULTS By throughout literature review it has been found that flavonoids show antimicrobial effect by inhibiting virulence factors, efflux pump, biofilm formation, membrane disruption, cell envelop synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, and bacterial motility inhibition. CONCLUSION Most of the antimicrobial drugs available now a days are ineffective due to development of resistance to them. Flavonoids have the potential to overcome this emerging crisis as this class of natural products showed the antimicrobial activity by different mechanisms than those of conventional drugs, so flavonoid could be an effective treatment of pathogenic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avadh Biharee
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India..
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moreno MA, Zampini IC, Isla MI. Antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of bi-herbal mixtures with medicinal plants from Argentinean highlands. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112642. [PMID: 32035220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Argentinean medicinal plants such as Larrea divaricata Cav., Larrea cuneifolia Cav., Larrea nitida Cav., Zuccagnia punctata Cav. and Tetraglochin andina Ciald. are used alone and in combination in traditional medicine by inhabitants from northwestern Argentina to solve mycosis, vaginal infections, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and inflammatory processes. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effect of interactions between hydroalcoholic extracts of these five species of medicinal plants against yeast strains isolated from vaginal infections, select the most active mixtures and evaluate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Synergy between the plant extracts was studied by using a broth microdilution assay by means of the checkerboard method against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, and non albicans strains. The inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase and the antioxidant capacity in cell-free and cell systems were studied. The chemical profile was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative screening, whereas chemical markers were quantified by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS A synergistic antifungal effect was observed in some binary combinations. Z. punctata/L. divaricata, Z. punctata/L. cuneifolia, and Z. punctata/L. nitida were the most active mixtures. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone, two antifungal compounds, present in these extracts, were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD. Both single extracts and bi-herbal mixtures showed antioxidant activity (in cellular and in cell-free systems) and were active on pro-inflammatory enzymes (LOX). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the most active combinations of these species extracts could be useful in the treatment of vaginal infectious diseases caused by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida spp. strains and in associated oxidative and inflammatory processes, supporting its traditional use. In addition, the results highlighted the phyto-therapeutic potential of total phytochemical compounds present in these medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Moreno
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Argentina.
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Inés Isla
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Active properties of edible marine polysaccharide-based coatings containing Larrea nitida polyphenols enriched extract. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
9
|
Carrizo SL, Zampini IC, Sayago JE, Simirgiotis MJ, Bórquez J, Cuello AS, Isla MI. Antifungal activity of phytotherapeutic preparation of Baccharis species from argentine Puna against clinically relevant fungi. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112553. [PMID: 31923539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE B. boliviensis and B. tola are used in traditional medicine in the Argentine Puna to treat skin and soft tissue infections and inflammatory processes in humans and animals. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the potential of phytotherapeutic preparations of Baccharis species as antifungal agents against clinically relevant fungi and to determine the chemical composition of the extracts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Phytotherapeutic preparations of B. boliviensis and B. tola collected in Argentine Puna were evaluated as an antifungal agent against clinically relevant fungi (yeast, non-dermatophytes, and dermatophytes) isolated of patients from a local Hospital, and reference strains, using macrodilution and microdilution assays. The bioactivity was supported by UHPLC-OT-MS metabolome fingerprinting. RESULTS The results revealed that the plant preparations were active against most of evaluated fungal strains; B. boliviensis was more active than B. tola. Dermatophyte fungi strains were the most sensitive isolates. The phytotherapeutic preparation showed Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values between 25 and 400 μg GAE/mL and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values between 50 and 400 μg GAE/mL. Regarding the phytochemical analysis, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of hydroalcoholic preparation of B. boliviensis were greater than those of the B. tola extract. Both Baccharis species showed similar chromatographic patterns, fifty-two compounds were identified based on UHPLC-OT-MS including several terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids that have been identified in this two endemic South American Baccharis species for the first time. Several identified compounds present antifungal properties, the presence of these compounds support the bioactivity of the Baccharis extracts. CONCLUSIONS In this work the traditional use of both Baccharis species as an antimicrobial against commercial products resistant fungal strains was validate, principally against dermatophytes fungi such as T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, M. canis, and M. gypseum. These results indicate that the hydroalcoholic preparations could be used for the treatment of fungal infectious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Lorena Carrizo
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Jorge Esteban Sayago
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Mario Juan Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile.
| | - Jorge Bórquez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta, 1240000, Chile.
| | - Ana Soledad Cuello
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Inés Isla
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Langeder J, Grienke U, Chen Y, Kirchmair J, Schmidtke M, Rollinger JM. Natural products against acute respiratory infections: Strategies and lessons learned. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112298. [PMID: 31610260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A wide variety of traditional herbal remedies have been used throughout history for the treatment of symptoms related to acute respiratory infections (ARIs). AIM OF THE REVIEW The present work provides a timely overview of natural products affecting the most common pathogens involved in ARIs, in particular influenza viruses and rhinoviruses as well as bacteria involved in co-infections, their molecular targets, their role in drug discovery, and the current portfolio of available naturally derived anti-ARI drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature of the last ten years was evaluated for natural products active against influenza viruses and rhinoviruses. The collected bioactive agents were further investigated for reported activities against ARI-relevant bacteria, and analysed for the chemical space they cover in relation to currently known natural products and approved drugs. RESULTS An overview of (i) natural compounds active in target-based and/or phenotypic assays relevant to ARIs, (ii) extracts, and (iii) in vivo data are provided, offering not only a starting point for further in-depth phytochemical and antimicrobial studies, but also revealing insights into the most relevant anti-ARI scaffolds and compound classes. Investigations of the chemical space of bioactive natural products based on principal component analysis show that many of these compounds are drug-like. However, some bioactive natural products are substantially larger and have more polar groups than most approved drugs. A workflow with various strategies for the discovery of novel antiviral agents is suggested, thereby evaluating the merit of in silico techniques, the use of complementary assays, and the relevance of ethnopharmacological knowledge on the exploration of the therapeutic potential of natural products. CONCLUSIONS The longstanding ethnopharmacological tradition of natural remedies against ARIs highlights their therapeutic impact and remains a highly valuable selection criterion for natural materials to be investigated in the search for novel anti-ARI acting concepts. We observe a tendency towards assaying for broad-spectrum antivirals and antibacterials mainly discovered in interdisciplinary academic settings, and ascertain a clear demand for more translational studies to strengthen efforts for the development of effective and safe therapeutic agents for patients suffering from ARIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Langeder
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Grienke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ya Chen
- University of Hamburg, Center for Bioinformatics (ZBH), Bundesstraße 43, 22763, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway; Computational Biology Unit (CBU), University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michaela Schmidtke
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chahar FC, Alvarez PE, Zampini C, Isla MI, Brandán SA. Experimental and DFT studies on 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone, a product isolated from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae) medicinal plant. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Carabajal MP, Isla MI, Borsarelli CD, Zampini IC. Influence of in vitro gastro-duodenal digestion on the antioxidant activity of single and mixed three “Jarilla” species infusions. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Antonella Carabajal MP, Perea MC, Isla MI, Zampini IC. The use of jarilla native plants in a Diaguita-Calchaquí indigenous community from northwestern Argentina: An ethnobotanical, phytochemical and biological approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112258. [PMID: 31574342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In northwestern Argentina inhabit several ancient indigenous communities with diverse cultural and historical background. Geographical isolation has contributed to the prevalence of a native plant-based folk medicine; "jarilla" species are medicinal plants widely used in local communities for the treatment of mycosis, respiratory, gastrointestinal and rheumatic disorders. THE AIM OF THE STUDY To assemble the traditional knowledge acquired through years with scientific data concerning to phytochemistry, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of three "jarillas" species. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ethnobotanical data of three "jarillas", Zuccagnia punctata (Zp), Larrea cuneifolia (Lc), and Larrea divaricata (Ld), were explored by interviewing native people from Indigenous Community of Amaicha del Valle, Tucumán. Phenolic profiles from each infusion were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was determined by superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity, lipoperoxidation inhibition, and ferrous iron chelating activity. It was also assessed their ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, and hyaluronidase. RESULTS Ethnobotanical interviews showed that local people use "jarillas" mainly as infusions and baths. It was reported different categories of uses, such as medicinal (10 curative applications), to religious purposes, tinctorial, as construction material and as fuel. From infusions prepared, the MS and MS/MS data allowed the identification of 27 compounds from Z. punctata, and 11 from both Larrea sp. The infusions showed an important antioxidant activity through different mechanisms, highlighting Zp and Lc in free radical scavenging capacity and Ld on lipid peroxidation inhibition and iron binding. They were also capable of inhibit xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase enzymes, being Lc the most active one. CONCLUSIONS This research work provides novel information concerning to several categories of traditional uses of "jarilla" species in a Diaguita-Calchaquí community and focus attention to infusions from a phytochemical and biological approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Patricia Antonella Carabajal
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Cristina Perea
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Inés Isla
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Timmerman JC, Sims NJ, Wood JL. Total Synthesis of Caesalpinnone A and Caesalpinflavan B: Evolution of a Concise Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10082-10090. [PMID: 31145855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The total syntheses of caesalpinnone A (1) and its putative biosynthetic precursor caesalpinflavan B (3) are described. Herein, we describe the evolution of a synthetic strategy toward 1 and 3, which entails a convergent Barluenga coupling that quickly delivers a heavily functionalized benzopyran containing the core carbon framework and exploration of two distinct synthetic routes for forging the flavanoid C-ring by reducing a sterically encumbered embedded alkene: one via a stepwise approach and a second, more direct and atom-economical, enabled by a Shenvi-HAT hydrogenation. The latter strategy allowed access to caesalpinflavan B in 6 steps after Pd-mediated deallylation. A late-stage dearomative phenolic oxidation and deallylation/oxa-Michael cascade was implemented to access caesalpinnone A (1) in 7 steps. We also describe an enantioselective total synthesis and stereochemical revision of (-)-caesalpinflavan B, as well as a formal enantioselective synthesis of (-)-caesalpinnone A, by implementing an enantioselective Pd-catalyzed conjugate addition developed by Stoltz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Timmerman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place 97248 , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Noah J Sims
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place 97248 , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - John L Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place 97248 , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Farhadi F, Khameneh B, Iranshahi M, Iranshahy M. Antibacterial activity of flavonoids and their structure-activity relationship: An update review. Phytother Res 2018; 33:13-40. [PMID: 30346068 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on World Health Organization reports, resistance of bacteria to well-known antibiotics is a major global health challenge now and in the future. Different strategies have been proposed to tackle this problem including inhibition of multidrug resistance pumps and biofilm formation in bacteria and development of new antibiotics with novel mechanism of action. Flavonoids are a large class of natural compounds, have been extensively studied for their antibacterial activity, and more than 150 articles have been published on this topic since 2005. Over the past decade, some promising results were obtained with the antibacterial activity of flavonoids. In some cases, flavonoids (especially chalcones) showed up to sixfold stronger antibacterial activities than standard drugs in the market. Some synthetic derivatives of flavonoids also exhibited remarkable antibacterial activities with 20- to 80-fold more potent activity than the standard drug against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus). This review summarizes the ever changing information on antibacterial activity of flavonoids since 2005, with a special focus on the structure-activity relationship and mechanisms of actions of this broad class of natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Farhadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Khameneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roco J, Alarcón G, Sierra L, Zampini IC, Ines Isla M, Jerez S. Beneficial effects of hydroalcoholic extract and flavonoids from Zuccagnia punctata in a rabbit model of vascular dysfunction induced by high cholesterol diet. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
17
|
Effect of Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae) extract on pro-inflammatory enzymes and on planktonic cells and biofilm from Staphylococcus aureus. Toxicity studies. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:1713-1719. [PMID: 30591789 PMCID: PMC6303142 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae), a native plant from Argentina has been used traditionally as medicinal species. The aim of the study was to validate the antibiotic and anti-inflammatory potential of Z. punctata organic extract (ZpE) and the major compounds; 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone (DHMC), 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone (DHC), 7-hydroxyflavanone (7-HF) and 3,7-dihydroxyflavone (DHF); using an in vitro model. The antibiotic activity was determined using a broth microdilution method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The extract and the isolation compounds affect the normal growth of all assayed Staphylococcus aureus strains. The MIC values for ZpE and isolated compounds were between 125 and 500 μg/mL and between 25 and 400 μg/mL, respectively, against all assayed strains. The inhibitory effect of extract and isolated compounds on biofilm formation and on pro-inflammatory enzymes (sPLA2, COX-2, LOX) was analyzed. The compound DHC was the most active on sPLA2 while DHF and DHMC showed the highest activity on LOX. Both the extract and pure compounds except DHMC were active against COX-2. It can be concluded that the phytocomplex and the pure compounds possessed antibiotic and anti-inflammatory activities under the conditions tested, and could be a good alternative therapy for infective and inflammatory processes.
Collapse
|
18
|
Moreno A, Nuño G, Cuello S, Sayago JE, Alberto MR, Zampini C, Isla MI. Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity Characterization and Toxicity Studies of Flowers of “Jarilla”, a Medicinal Shrub from Argentina. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae) is an Argentine medicinal aromatic shrub (jarilla pispito, puspus, lata and jarilla macho). The chalcones were identified as pigments responsible for the yellow color of the flowers. Hydroethanolic extracts were obtained both from fresh flowers and from flowers dried by lyophilization. The extracts were standardized by their phenolic and flavonoids content. Their fingerprints by HPLC-DAD indicated the presence of two chalcones as major compounds (2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone and 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxychalcone). Both extracts showed the same total phenolic, non-flavonoid phenolic and flavonoid phenolic content and their phenolic profiles were similar. The polyphenolic extracts exhibited antioxidant (free radical scavenging and inhibitory activity on lipoperoxidation) and anti-inflammatory (inhibition of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes) activities. The flower extracts were active against six Candida species with MIC values between 60 and 120 μg GAE.mL−1 and were also active on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 250 μg GAE.mL−1) and Enterococcus faecalis (MIC: 500 μg GAE.mL−1). The extracts were neither toxic ( Artemia salina test) nor mutagenic (Ames test). Jarilla flowers could be considered as a new dietary supplement that could help to prevent pathologies associated with oxidative stress and the polyphenolic extract obtained from them could be considered as a standardized phytotherapeutic product with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Moreno
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), CONICET, San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
| | - Gabriela Nuño
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), CONICET, San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
| | - Soledad Cuello
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), CONICET, San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
| | - Jorge E. Sayago
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), CONICET, San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
| | - María Rosa Alberto
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), CONICET, San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
| | - Catiana Zampini
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), CONICET, San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
| | - María Inés Isla
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), CONICET, San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. San Lorenzo 1469. San Miguel de Tucumán. Tucumán. Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Talekar SJ, Chochua S, Nelson K, Klugman KP, Quave CL, Vidal JE. 220D-F2 from Rubus ulmifolius kills Streptococcus pneumoniae planktonic cells and pneumococcal biofilms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97314. [PMID: 24823499 PMCID: PMC4019571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) forms organized biofilms to persist in the human nasopharynx. This persistence allows the pneumococcus to produce severe diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media, bacteremia and meningitis that kill nearly a million children every year. While bacteremia and meningitis are mediated by planktonic pneumococci, biofilm structures are present during pneumonia and otitis media. The global emergence of S. pneumoniae strains resistant to most commonly prescribed antibiotics warrants further discovery of alternative therapeutics. The present study assessed the antimicrobial potential of a plant extract, 220D-F2, rich in ellagic acid, and ellagic acid derivatives, against S. pneumoniae planktonic cells and biofilm structures. Our studies first demonstrate that, when inoculated together with planktonic cultures, 220D-F2 inhibited the formation of pneumococcal biofilms in a dose-dependent manner. As measured by bacterial counts and a LIVE/DEAD bacterial viability assay, 100 and 200 µg/ml of 220D-F2 had significant bactericidal activity against pneumococcal planktonic cultures as early as 3 h post-inoculation. Quantitative MIC’s, whether quantified by qPCR or dilution and plating, showed that 80 µg/ml of 220D-F2 completely eradicated overnight cultures of planktonic pneumococci, including antibiotic resistant strains. When preformed pneumococcal biofilms were challenged with 220D-F2, it significantly reduced the population of biofilms 3 h post-inoculation. Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC)50 was obtained incubating biofilms with 100 µg/ml of 220D-F2 for 3 h and 6 h of incubation. 220D-F2 also significantly reduced the population of pneumococcal biofilms formed on human pharyngeal cells. Our results demonstrate potential therapeutic applications of 220D-F2 to both kill planktonic pneumococcal cells and disrupt pneumococcal biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila J. Talekar
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sopio Chochua
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Katie Nelson
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Keith P. Klugman
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cassandra L. Quave
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jorge E. Vidal
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
D'Almeida RE, Alberto MR, Morgan P, Sedensky M, Isla MI. Effect of structurally related flavonoids from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. on Caenorhabditis elegans. Acta Parasitol 2014. [PMID: 26204036 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2015-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae), commonly called jarilla macho or pus-pus, is being used in traditional medicine as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and to relieve muscle and bone pain. The aim of this work was to study the anthelmintic effects of three structurally related flavonoids present in aerial parts of Z. punctata Cav. The biological activity of the flavonoids 7-hydroxyflavanone (HF), 3,7-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) and 2´,4´-dihydroxychalcone (DHC) was examined in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results showed that among the assayed flavonoids, only DHC showed an anthelmintic effect and alteration of egg hatching and larval development processes in C. elegans. DHC was able to kill 50% of adult nematodes at a concentration of 17 μg/mL. The effect on larval development was observed after 48 h in the presence of 25 and 50 μg/mL DHC, where 33.4 and 73.4% of nematodes remained in the L3 stage or younger. New therapeutic drugs with good efficacy against drug-resistant nematodes are urgently needed. Therefore, DHC, a natural compound present in Z. punctata, is proposed as a potential anthelmintic drug.
Collapse
|
21
|
Min KY, Kim HJ, Lee KA, Kim KT, Paik HD. Antimicrobial activity of acid-hydrolyzed Citrus unshiu peel extract in milk. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1955-60. [PMID: 24534507 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruit (Citrus unshiu) peels were extracted with hot water and then acid-hydrolyzed using hydrochloric acid. Antimicrobial activities of acid-hydrolyzed Citrus unshiu peel extract were evaluated against pathogenic bacteria, including Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Antilisterial effect was also determined by adding extracts at 1, 2, and 4% to whole, low-fat, and skim milk. The cell numbers of B. cereus, Staph. aureus, and L. monocytogenes cultures treated with acid-hydrolyzed extract for 12h at 35°C were reduced from about 8log cfu/mL to <1log cfu/mL. Bacillus cereus was more sensitive to acid-hydrolyzed Citrus unshiu peel extract than were the other bacteria. The addition of 4% acid-hydrolyzed Citrus unshiu extracts to all types of milk inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes within 1d of storage at 4°C. The results indicated that Citrus unshiu peel extracts, after acid hydrolysis, effectively inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria. These findings indicate that acid hydrolysis of Citrus unshiu peel facilitates its use as a natural antimicrobial agent for food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keun Young Min
- Division of Animal Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Lee
- Division of Animal Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kee-Tae Kim
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Division of Animal Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chieli E, Romiti N, Catiana Zampini I, Garrido G, Inés Isla M. Effects of Zuccagnia punctata extracts and their flavonoids on the function and expression of ABCB1/P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:797-801. [PMID: 23085022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zuccagnia punctata extracts (ZpE) are used in ethnomedicine as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs. The pharmacological properties of ZpE and their polyphenolic components suggest that they may be used as potential modulators on the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) multidrug transporter. P-gp is well known for its role in the acquired drug resistance by tumors following chemotherapy, causing a low drug bioavailability by extruding them out of the cells. AIM OF STUDY To evaluate the effects of ZpE and three of their phenolic components: 7-hydroxyflavanone (HF), 3,7-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) and 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone (DHC) on P-gp activity and expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of natural products on ABCB1/P-gp function and expression were evaluated by R-123 accumulation assay and western blot analysis using HK-2 cells as experimental model. The ABCB1 mRNA content was determined by SQRT-PCR. RESULTS The accumulation of R-123 in HK-2 cells was significantly increased by ZpE and DHF, and to a lesser extent by DHC, indicating their roles on the efflux transporter activity. However, HF did not show any effect. HK-2 cells maintained in the presence of ZpE or DHF for 72 h, showed an increase in P-gp expression whereas activity was unchanged or decreased. No changes were observed in ABCB1 mRNA content. Furthermore, in these assay conditions, more sensibility of HK-2 cells to the cytotoxic action of cyclosporine A (P-gp substrate) was observed. CONCLUSION These results may suggest an impact of Zuccagnia punctata and some of its components on the pharmacokinetics of drugs that are P-gp substrates, as well as a potential role on multidrug resistance modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Chieli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale e Biotecnologie Mediche, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|