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Chen C, Chen F, Gu L, Jiang Y, Cai Z, Zhao Y, Chen L, Zhu Z, Liu X. Discovery and validation of COX2 as a target of flavonoids in Apocyni Veneti Folium: Implications for the treatment of liver injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117919. [PMID: 38364933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Apocyni Veneti Folium (AVF), a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is known for its effects in soothing the liver and nerves and eliminating heat and water. It is relevant from an ethnopharmacological perspective. Pharmacological research has confirmed its benefits on antihypertension, antihyperlipidemia, antidepression, liver protection, immune system boosting, antiaging, and diabetic vascular lesions. Previous studies have shown that flavonoids, the active ingredients, have a hepatoprotective effect. However, the exact mechanism has not been clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify the active flavonoids in AVF and their corresponding targets for liver injury. Multiple methods were introduced to confirm the targets. MATERIAL AND METHODS AVF compounds were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Then, network pharmacology was utilized to screen potential hepatoprotection targets of the compounds. An enzyme activity assay was performed to determine the effect of the compounds on the targets. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) was applied to confirm the direct interaction between the compounds and the targets. RESULTS A total of 71 compounds were identified by LC-MS and 19 compounds and 112 shared targets were screened using network pharmacology. These common targets were primarily involved in the TNF signaling pathway, cancer pathways, hepatitis B, drug responses, and negative regulation of the apoptotic process. Flavonoids were the primary pharmacological substance basis of AVF. The cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) protein was one of the direct targets of flavonoids in AVF. The enzyme activity assay and BLI-based intermolecular interactions demonstrated that the compounds astragalin, isoquercitrin, and hyperoside exhibited stronger inhibition of enzyme activity and a higher affinity with COX2 compared to epigallocatechin, quercetin, and catechin. CONCLUSIONS COX2 was preliminarily identified as a target of flavonoids, and the mechanism of the hepatoprotective effect of AVF might be linked to flavonoids inhibiting the activity of COX2. The findings can establish the foundation for future research on the traditional hepatoprotective effect of AVF on the liver and for clinical studies on liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Feiyan Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ling Gu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yucui Jiang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhichen Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yunan Zhao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhu Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xunhong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Liu X, Li S, Feng Y, Chen X, Ma Y, Xiao H, Zhao Y, Liu S, Zheng G, Yang X, Wu F, Xie J. Traditional knowledge of animal-derived medicines used by Gelao community in Northern Guizhou, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:31. [PMID: 38429640 PMCID: PMC10908119 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to document and preserve the traditional medicinal knowledge of the Gelao community in Northern Guizhou, China, providing valuable insights for modern pharmacological research and the development of these traditional remedies. METHODS Our methodology encompassed a blend of literature review, community interviews, and participatory observation to delve into the traditional knowledge of animal-derived medicines among the Gelao community. We employed quantitative ethnological and ecological assessment techniques to evaluate the significance of these practices. Informed consent was secured before conducting interviews, with a focus on ascertaining the types of medicines familiar to the informants, including their local names, sources, methods of preparation, application techniques, diseases treated, frequency of use, and safety considerations. RESULTS Our research cataloged 55 varieties of animal-derived medicines utilized by the Gelao people. Out of these, 34 originate from wild animals, mainly encompassing small insects, reptiles, and aquatic species; the remaining 21 are derived from domesticated animals, largely involving their tissues, organs, and various physiological or pathological by-products. These medicines are primarily applied in treating pediatric ailments (13 types), internal disorders (11 types), gynecological issues (3 types), dermatological problems (7 types), ENT conditions (3 types), trauma-related injuries (5 types), joint and bone ailments (5 types), infections (2 types), dental issues (2 types), and urolithiasis (1 type), with three types being used for other miscellaneous conditions. Commonly utilized medicines, such as honey, Blaps beetle, chicken gallstones, and snake-based products, are preferred for their availability, edibility, and safety within the Gelao communities. CONCLUSION The Gelao community's traditional medicines represent a rich diversity of animal sources, showcasing extensive expertise and knowledge in their processing and clinical applications. This wealth of traditional knowledge offers novel perspectives for the contemporary pharmacological study and development of these remedies. Additionally, our research plays a crucial role in aiding the preservation and continuation of this invaluable cultural heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730101, Gansu, China
| | - Yi Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yuhan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yongxia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Guishen Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730101, Gansu, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730101, Gansu, China
| | - Faming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Jian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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Li X, Zhang T, Jiang L, Fan G. Evaluation of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Various Tissues of Apocynum venetum. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:231. [PMID: 38397220 PMCID: PMC10888412 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Apocynum venetum L. is an economically valuable plant with tolerance to drought and salinity. Its leaves are utilized in tea production and pharmaceuticals, while the stem bark serves as a high-quality fiber material. To gain insights into the gene expression patterns of A. venetum using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), it is crucial to identify appropriate reference genes. This study selected nine candidate genes, including α-tubulin (TUA), β-tubulin (TUB), actin (ACT), cyclophilin (CYP), elongation factor-1α (EF-1α), the B family of regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase (PPP2R2, PPP2R3, and PPP2R5), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), to determine the most appropriate reference genes in the leaf, stem, and root tissues of A. venetum. A comprehensive ranking by geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder software and Venn diagrams was used to screen more stable reference genes in different tissues. The two most stable reference genes were CYP and TUA in leaves, PGK and PPP2R3 in stems, and TUA and EF-1α in roots, respectively. The relative expression values of the four genes involved in proline metabolism under polyethylene glycol treatment were used to validate the screened reference genes, and they exhibited highly stable expression levels. These findings represent the first set of stable reference genes for future gene expression studies in A. venetum. They significantly contribute to enhancing the accuracy and reliability of gene expression analyses in this economically important plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China (T.Z.)
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China (T.Z.)
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Guizhi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China (T.Z.)
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Liu Y, Shen L, Matsuura A, Xiang L, Qi J. Isoquercitrin from Apocynum venetum L. Exerts Antiaging Effects on Yeasts via Stress Resistance Improvement and Mitophagy Induction through the Sch9/Rim15/Msn Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1939. [PMID: 38001792 PMCID: PMC10669743 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of an aging sociality, aging-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, are dramatically increasing. To find small molecules from natural products that can prevent the aging of human beings and the occurrence of these diseases, we used the lifespan assay of yeast as a bioassay system to screen an antiaging substance. Isoquercitrin (IQ), an antiaging substance, was isolated from Apocynum venetum L., an herbal tea commonly consumed in Xinjiang, China. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we utilized molecular-biology technology to clarify the mechanism of action of IQ. METHODS The replicative lifespans of K6001 yeasts and the chronological lifespans of YOM36 yeasts were used to screen and confirm the antiaging effect of IQ. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay, the survival assay of yeast under stresses, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analyses, the replicative-lifespan assay of mutants, such as Δsod1, Δsod2, Δgpx, Δcat, Δskn7, Δuth1, Δatg32, Δatg2, and Δrim15 of K6001, autophagy flux analysis, and a lifespan assay of K6001 yeast after giving a mitophagy inhibitor and activator were performed. RESULTS IQ extended the replicative lifespans of the K6001 yeasts and the chronological lifespans of the YOM36 yeasts. Furthermore, the reactive nitrogen species (RNS) showed no change during the growth phase but significantly decreased in the stationary phase after treatment with IQ. The survival rates of the yeasts under oxidative- and thermal-stress conditions improved upon IQ treatment, and thermal stress was alleviated by the increasing superoxide dismutase (Sod) activity. Additionally, IQ decreased the ROS and MDA of the yeast while increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. However, it could not prolong the replicative lifespans of Δsod1, Δsod2, Δgpx, Δcat, Δskn7, and Δuth1 of K6001. IQ significantly increased autophagy and mitophagy induction, the presence of free green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the cytoplasm, and ubiquitination in the mitochondria of the YOM38 yeasts at the protein level. IQ did not prolong the replicative lifespans of Δatg2 and Δatg32 of K6001. Moreover, IQ treatment led to a decrease in Sch9 at the protein level and an increase in the nuclear translocation of Rim15 and Msn2. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the Sch9/Rim15/Msn signaling pathway, as well as antioxidative stress, anti-thermal stress, and autophagy, were involved in the antiaging effects of IQ in the yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Le Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Akira Matsuura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;
| | - Lan Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Jianhua Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yu Hang Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.L.); (L.S.)
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
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Lan Y, Yan Z, Duan T. Luobuma Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria tenuissima in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1062. [PMID: 37998868 PMCID: PMC10671953 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Luobuma (Apocynum venetum and Poacynum hendersonni) is widely cultivated for environmental conservation, medicinal purposes and the textile industry. In 2018, a severe leaf spot disease that attacked the leaves of Luobuma was observed in plants cultivated in Yuzhong County, Gansu Province, China. Symptoms of the disease appeared as white or off-white spots surrounded by brown margins on the leaves of A. venetum. The spots expanded and covered a large area of the leaf, presenting as "cankers" with progression of the disease, leading to leaf death. The initial symptoms of the disease on P. hendersonni were similar to the symptoms of A. venetum, with a larger disease spot than A. venetum, and the spot was black and thicker. The aim of this study was to identify the fungal species and evaluate the effectiveness of fungicides (hymexazol and zhongshengmycin) against the pathogen in vitro. The fungi species that caused the new disease was identified as Alternaria tenuissima based on the morphological characteristics, pathogenicity tests, and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) and the histone 3 (H3) gene sequences. The findings showed that hymexazol fungicide can be used to control leaf spot disease. This is the first report on Luobuma leaf spot disease caused by A. tenuissima in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhichen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Tingyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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Wang S, Zhang J. Editorial: Dealing with salinity stress: understanding the mechanism of plant adaptation and resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1278850. [PMID: 37745998 PMCID: PMC10513494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1278850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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He J, Fang J, Wang Y, Ge C, Liu S, Jiang Y. Discovery of Small-Molecule Antagonists of Orexin 1/2 Receptors from Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants with a Hypnotic Effect. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040542. [PMID: 37111298 PMCID: PMC10146837 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is an important public health problem. The currently available treatments for insomnia can cause some adverse effects. Orexin receptors 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R) are burgeoning targets for insomnia treatment. It is an effective approach to screening OX1R and OX2R antagonists from traditional Chinese medicine, which contains abundant and diverse chemical components. This study established an in-home ligand library of small-molecule compounds from medicinal plants with a definite hypnotic effect, as described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Molecular docking was applied to virtually screen potential orexin receptor antagonists using molecular operating environment software, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology was used to detect the binding affinity between potential active compounds and orexin receptors. Finally, the results of virtual screening and SPR analysis were verified through in vitro assays. We successfully screened one potential lead compound (neferine) as an orexin receptor antagonist from the in-home ligand library, which contained more than 1000 compounds. The screened compound was validated as a potential agent for insomnia treatment through comprehensive biological assays. This research enabled the discovery of a potential small-molecule antagonist of orexin receptors for the treatment of insomnia, providing a novel screening approach for the detection of potential candidate compounds for corresponding targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Chengyu Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Zhang M, Lu X, Ren T, Marowa P, Meng C, Wang J, Yang H, Li C, Zhang L, Xu Z. Heterologous overexpression of Apocynum venetum flavonoids synthetase genes improves Arabidopsis thaliana salt tolerance by activating the IAA and JA biosynthesis pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1123856. [PMID: 37051078 PMCID: PMC10083295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1123856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a serious abiotic stress that primarily inhibits plant growth, resulting in severe yield losses. Our previous research found that flavonoids play important roles in A. venetum salt stress tolerance. In response to salt stress, we noted that the flavonoid content was depleted in A. venetum. However, the detailed mechanism is still not clear. In this study, the expression patterns of three flavonoids synthetase genes, AvF3H, AvF3'H, and AvFLS were systemically analyzed under salt stress in A. venetum seedlings. The salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants was improved by heterologous overexpression of these synthetase genes. The NBT and DAB staining results as well as H2O2 and O2•- content analysis revealed that under salt stress, ROS molecules were reduced in transgenic plants compared to WT plants, which corresponded to the activation of the antioxidant enzyme system and an increase in total flavonoid content, particularly rutin, eriodictyol, and naringerin in transgenic plants. External application of flavonoids reduced ROS damage in WT plants just like what we observed in the transgenic plants (without the external application). Additionally, our transcriptome analysis demonstrated that auxin and jasmonic acid biosynthesis genes, as well as signaling transduction genes, were primarily activated in transgenic plants under salt stress, leading to activation of the cell wall biosynthesis or modification genes that promote plant growth. As a result, we investigated the mechanism through flavonoids enhance the salt tolerance, offering a theoretical foundation for enhancing salt tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueli Lu
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Prince Marowa
- Department of Plant Production Sciences and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Chen Meng
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Service Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone of the Yellow River Delta, Dongying, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Service Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone of the Yellow River Delta, Dongying, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Industry Promotion Service Center of Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone in the Yellow River Delta, Dongying, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Zongchang Xu
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Physiological and Transcriptional Responses of Apocynum venetum to Salt Stress at the Seed Germination Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043623. [PMID: 36835035 PMCID: PMC9966927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apocynum venetum is a semi-shrubby perennial herb that not only prevents saline-alkaline land degradation but also produces leaves for medicinal uses. Although physiological changes during the seed germination of A. venetum in response to salt stress have been studied, the adaptive mechanism to salt conditions is still limited. Here, the physiological and transcriptional changes during seed germination under different NaCl treatments (0-300 mmol/L) were examined. The results showed that the seed germination rate was promoted at low NaCl concentrations (0-50 mmol/L) and inhibited with increased concentrations (100-300 mmol/L); the activity of antioxidant enzymes exhibited a significant increase from 0 (CK) to 150 mmol/L NaCl and a significant decrease from 150 to 300 mmol/L; and the content of osmolytes exhibited a significant increase with increased concentrations, while the protein content peaked at 100 mmol/L NaCl and then significantly decreased. A total of 1967 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated during seed germination at 300 mmol/L NaCl versus (vs.) CK, with 1487 characterized genes (1293 up-regulated, UR; 194 down-regulated, DR) classified into 11 categories, including salt stress (29), stress response (146), primary metabolism (287), cell morphogenesis (156), transcription factor (TFs, 62), bio-signaling (173), transport (144), photosynthesis and energy (125), secondary metabolism (58), polynucleotide metabolism (21), and translation (286). The relative expression levels (RELs) of selected genes directly involved in salt stress and seed germination were observed to be consistent with the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte contents. These findings will provide useful references to improve seed germination and reveal the adaptive mechanism of A. venetum to saline-alkaline soils.
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Cao C, Lin D, Zhou Y, Li N, Wang Y, Gong W, Zhu Z, Liu C, Yan L, Hu Z, Peng Y, Xie C. Solid-state fermentation of Apocynum venetum L. by Aspergillus niger: Effect on phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities and metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1125746. [PMID: 36923696 PMCID: PMC10009174 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1125746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus niger on the total phenolic content (TPC), the total flavonoid content (TFC), individual phenolic contents, and antioxidant and inhibitory activities against metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes in an ethanol extract from Apocynum venetum L. (AVL). TPC, TFC, and the contents of quercetin and kaempferol during SSF were 1.52-, 1.33-, 3.64-, and 2.22-fold higher than those of native AVL in the ethyl acetate (EA) subfraction of the ethanol extract. The ABTS·+, DPPH· scavenging, and inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase were found to be highest in the EA subfraction. Fermentation significantly increased the ABTS radical cation, DPPH radical scavenging, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities by 1.33, 1.39, and 1.28 times, respectively. TPC showed a significantly positive correlation with antioxidant activities or inhibition against metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes. This study provides a theoretical basis for producing tea products with enhanced antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cha Cao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Dengfan Lin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Good Agricultural Practice and Comprehensive Utilization of Famous-Region Medicinal Plants, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbeng Gong
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zuohua Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Yan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenxiu Hu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yuande Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chunliang Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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11
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Shi X, Long F, Wu CY, Zhou J, Shen H, Zhou SS, Xu JD, Zhang W, Li SL. Integrating serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology to identify chemical markers for quality control of Apocyni Veneti Folium. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:56-66. [PMID: 36208087 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apocyni Veneti Folium (AVF) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal herb for the treatment of hypertension. Chemical markers are crucial for the quality control of herbal medicines; however, the therapeutic components of AVF remain to be well elucidated. OBJECTIVES This study was intended to integrate serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology to identify chemical markers of AVF and establish an efficacy-related quality control method of AVF. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was applied to identify the absorbed AVF constituents in rat serum. Network pharmacology was further used to identify anti-hypertension-related chemical markers. Subsequently, a quantitative method was established using UPLC with diode array detection (DAD) and applied for quality evaluation of commercial AVF samples. RESULTS Thirteen prototype constituents were unequivocally or tentatively characterized in serum samples, among which quercetin, kaempferol, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid were identified as dominant chemicals related to anti-hypertensive efficacy. The quantitative data showed that the total contents of seven marker components even showed 2-fold variation among 14 batches of commercial AVF samples with RSD values ranging from 12.15% to 75.61%. Hierarchical cluster analysis and heatmap analysis showed that 14 batches of commercial AVF samples could be divided into three main groups. CONCLUSION The chemical markers obtained from this study could be applicable for efficacy-related quality control of AVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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12
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Xiang T, Wu L, Isah MB, Chen C, Zhang X. Apocynum venetum, a medicinal, economical and ecological plant: a review update. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14966. [PMID: 36908824 PMCID: PMC10000306 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Apocynum venetum L. is an important medicinal perennial rhizome plant with good ecological and economic value. Its leaves have many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-depression, anti-anxiolytic, etc., while its fibers have the title of "king of wild fibers". Furthermore, it was suitable for the restoration of degraded saline soil in arid areas. An increasing studies have been published in the past years. A scientometric analysis was used to analyze the publications of Apocynum venetum L. to clearly review the pharmacology, fiber application of Apocynum venetum L. and the potential value with its similar species (Apocynum pictum Schrenk) to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xiang
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Longjiang Wu
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Murtala Bindawa Isah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University Katsina, Katsina, Nigeria.,Biomedical Research and Training Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Chen Chen
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China.,Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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13
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Abdel Rahman R, Kamal N, Mediani A, Farag MA. How Do Herbal Cigarettes Compare To Tobacco? A Comprehensive Review of Their Sensory Characters, Phytochemicals, and Functional Properties. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45797-45809. [PMID: 36570239 PMCID: PMC9773184 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herbal cigarettes, known as tobacco-free or nicotine-free cigarettes, are those recognized as being-tobacco free, being composed of a mixture of various herbs claimed to lessen the smoking habit hazards. However, controversial data regarding its properties occur in the literature with no comprehensive overview or analysis of its effects. Like herbal smokeless tobacco, they are often used to substitute for tobacco products (primarily cigarettes) regarded as a "nonsmoking" aid. This review capitalizes on herbal cigarettes with regard to their quality characteristics, sensory attributes, chemical composition, and health properties to rationalize their choice as a nonsmoking aid. Furthermore, the impacts of heat and/or pyrolysis that occur during smoking on its chemical composition are presented for the first time. Some herbal smokes may produce notable metabolic problems that increase the risk of several chronic metabolic diseases. In general, burning substances from plants can have a variety of negative effects on the body attributed to toxic chemicals such as carbon monoxide, polyaromatics, nicotine, and N-nitrosamines. This review compiles and discusses the phytochemical compositions detected in various herbal cigarettes alongside sensory and quality attributes and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania
T. Abdel Rahman
- Phytochemistry
and National Products Department, Technical Office of Central Administration
of Drug Control, Egyptian Drug Authority
(EDA), Giza 12553, Egypt
| | - Nurkhalida Kamal
- Institute
of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute
of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy
Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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14
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Lan Y, Duan T. Characterization of Boeremia exigua causing stem necrotic lesions on Luobuma in northwest China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21609. [PMID: 36517497 PMCID: PMC9751102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Luobuma (Apocynum venetum, Poacynum pictum, and P. hendersonni) are perennial herbs widely used in the textile and medical industries and ecological restoration. In the summer of 2020, reddish-brown or off-white sunken shape necrotic lesions were observed on the stems and shoots of seven Luobuma ecotypes grown in the field in Yuzhong County, Gansu province of China, which is a limiting factor that affects the growth, function and application of Luobuma. To make clear whether the new symptoms were caused by a novel pathogen, a combined research in field and greenhouse was conducted. Based on the morphological and molecular analysis results, the pathogen causing the necrotic lesions was identified as Boeremia exigua var. rhapontica. The incidence and disease index of the seven ecotypes in the field ranged from 11.49 to 33.68% and 6.63 to 23.01, respectively, from 2020 to 2021. The results showed that the disease severity gradually increased with the growing season. According to the pathogenicity analysis of the eight ecotypes in the greenhouse, the ecotypes Pp-BMK and Pp-BMH were susceptible, while ecotype Pp-BMQ was resistant to Boeremia exigua var. rhapontica infection. Thus, the present study provides a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling the stem and leaf necrotic lesions disease on Luobuma by planting resistant varieties/ecotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of stem necrotic lesions and leaf spots on Luobuma caused by B. exigua var. rhapontica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Lan
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730020 China ,grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
| | - Tingyu Duan
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, 730020 China ,grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
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15
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Puri V, Kanojia N, Sharma A, Huanbutta K, Dheer D, Sangnim T. Natural product-based pharmacological studies for neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011740. [PMID: 36419628 PMCID: PMC9676372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders and diseases are expected to rise sharply in the coming years, partly because of the world's aging population. Medicines for the treatment of the CNS have not been successfully made. Inadequate knowledge about the brain, pharmacokinetic and dynamic errors in preclinical studies, challenges with clinical trial design, complexity and variety of human brain illnesses, and variations in species are some potential scenarios. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are multifaceted and lack identifiable etiological components, and the drugs developed to treat them did not meet the requirements of those who anticipated treatments. Therefore, there is a great demand for safe and effective natural therapeutic adjuvants. For the treatment of NDDs and other memory-related problems, many herbal and natural items have been used in the Ayurvedic medical system. Anxiety, depression, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases (AD), as well as a plethora of other neuropsychiatric disorders, may benefit from the use of plant and food-derived chemicals that have antidepressant or antiepileptic properties. We have summarized the present level of knowledge about natural products based on topological evidence, bioinformatics analysis, and translational research in this review. We have also highlighted some clinical research or investigation that will help us select natural products for the treatment of neurological conditions. In the present review, we have explored the potential efficacy of phytoconstituents against neurological diseases. Various evidence-based studies and extensive recent investigations have been included, which will help pharmacologists reduce the progression of neuronal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Muang, Chon Buri, Thailand
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16
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Shao D, Gao G, Abubakar AS, Hazaisi H, Chen P, Chen J, Chen K, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yu C, Zhu A. Total Flavonoids Extracts of Apocynum L. from the Ili River Valley Region at Different Harvesting Periods and Bioactivity Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:7343. [PMID: 36364168 PMCID: PMC9655940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the total content from two Apocynum species leaves (Apocynum venetum and Apocynum hendersonii) collected from the Ili River Valley Region were extracted, and their bioactivities were investigated. The results showed a significant variation in the total flavonoid contents in the leaf samples collected at different periods (June, July, August, and September), with the highest content in August (60.11 ± 0.38 mg RE/g DW for A. venetum and 56.56 ± 0.24 mg RE/g DW for A. hendersonii), and the lowest in June (22.36 ± 0.05 mg RE/g DW for A. venetum and 20.79 ± 0.02 mg RE/g DW for A. hendersonii). The total flavonoid content was comparably higher in A. venetum than in A. hendersonii. Leaves extracts from the two species demonstrated strong bioactivity, which positively correlated with the total flavonoid contents. The anti-oxidative activity of A. venetum was higher than that of A. hendersonii in tandem with its higher flavonoid contents; the antibacterial activity, however, was conversely opposite. Furthermore, a total of 83 flavonoid metabolites were identified in the two species based on UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, out of which 24 metabolites were differentially accumulated. The variability in these metabolites might be the reason for the different bioactivities displayed by the two species. The present study provides insight into the optimal harvest time for Apocynum species planted in the major distribution area of the Ili River Valley and the specific utilization of A. venetum and A. hendersonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Shao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano P.M.B. 3011, Nigeria
| | - Hanipa Hazaisi
- Ili Agricultural Science Institute, Yining 835100, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Chunming Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha 410221, China
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17
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Liu D, Wang SY, Wang GN, Zheng LH, Sun Y, Liu L, Bao YL. Structural characterization and immunoregulatory activity of a neutral polysaccharide from the roots of Apocynum venetum L. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:90-100. [PMID: 36165870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The structural characteristics and immunoregulatory activities of neutral heteropolysaccharide (AVRP-N) separated from the roots of Apocynum venetum L. were extensively investigated. The results showed that the weight average molecular mass (Mw) of AVRP-N was 6.430 × 103 Da. Moreover, the backbone is composed of natural acetylated (1 → 4)-β-D-Man and (1 → 5)-α-L-Ara domains. The mannan is composed of →4)-β-D-Manp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, and the terminal group α-D-Galp-(1→ attached to →4,6)-β-D-Manp-(1→ at O-6. Araban is composed of →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→; the terminal group α-L-Araf-(1→attached to→2,3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→ at O-2, O-3 and →3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→ at O-3. In addition, the senior structure shows that AVRP-N has a triple-helix conformation. Furthermore, AVRP-N exhibited immunomodulatory effects, which could significantly regulate the proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocytes by enhancing the secretion of the cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10). Our results provide new structural and immunoregulatory information for natural polysaccharides derived from Apocynum venetum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Shu-Yue Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Guan-Nan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yong-Li Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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18
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Wu Z, Chang P, Zhao J, Li D, Wang W, Cui X, Li M. Physiological and transcriptional responses of seed germination to moderate drought in Apocynum venetum. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.975771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocynum venetum L. is an endangered perennial species mainly distributed in the semi-arid lands and plays an important role in protecting ecological environment; meanwhile, it is also widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine. While physiological changes of seed germination under drought stress have been conducted, the adaptive mechanism to semi-arid environment is still unknown. Here, the physiological and transcriptional changes during seed germination of A. venetum under different PEG-6000 treatments (5 to 20%) were examined. The germination characteristics (germination rate, radicle length and fresh weight) were promoted under moderate drought (5% PEG). The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and POD) and contents of osmolytes (soluble sugar, MDA and Pro) were increased while the CAT and APX activities and the protein content decreased with the increase of PEG concentrations. A total of 2159 (1846 UR, 313 DR) and 1530 (1038 UR, 492 DR) DEGs were observed during seed germination at 5 and 25% PEG vs. CK, respectively; and 834 co-expressed DEGs were classified into 10 categories including stress response (67), primary metabolism (189), photosynthesis and energy (83), cell morphogenesis (62), secondary metabolism (21), transport (93), TF (24), transcription (42), translation (159) and bio-signaling (94). The RELs of representative genes directly associated with drought stress and seed germination were coherent with the changes of antioxidant enzymes activities and osmolytes contents. These findings will provide useful information for revealing adaptive mechanism of A. venetum to semi-arid environment.
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Zheng C, Fan J, Caraballo-Ortiz MA, Liu Y, Liu T, Fu G, Zhang Y, Yang P, Su X. The complete chloroplast genome and phylogenetic relationship of Apocynum pictum (Apocynaceae), a Central Asian shrub and second-class national protected species of western China. Gene X 2022; 830:146517. [PMID: 35452705 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocynum pictum of the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, is a perennial semi-shrub species of ecological, medicinal, and economic value. It is mainly distributed in semi-arid, saline-alkaline, and desert regions of Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Gansu of western China and adjacent regions from Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. pictum for the first time, and we found that it had a circular structure with an estimated length of 150,749 bp and a GC content of 38.3%. The cp genome was composed of a large single copy (LSC), a single small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeat (IR) regions, which were 81,888 bp, 17,251 bp and 25,805 bp long, respectively. The cp genome of A. pictum encoded 134 genes and contained 66 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A comparative analysis with other cp genomes from Apocynaceae indicated that the cp genome of A. pictum was very conserved, except for subtle differences occurring in the protein-coding genes accD, ndhF, rpl22, rpl32, rpoC2, ycf1 and ycf2. A phylogenetic reconstruction showed that A. pictum and A. venetum were sister species, forming a strongly supported clade with Trachelospermum. Interestingly, nucleotide substitution ratios (Ka/Ks) between A. pictum and A. venetum on accD and ndhF were >1.0, suggesting positive selective pressure on these genes. Our result enriches the genomic resources for the diverse dogbane family and provides critical molecular resources to develop future studies on ecological adaptation to desert habitats in Apocynum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Jianping Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Marcos A Caraballo-Ortiz
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Yuping Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Gui Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
| | - Xu Su
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China.
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Wang H, Ma C, Sun-Waterhouse D, Wang J, Neil Waterhouse GI, Kang W. Immunoregulatory polysaccharides from Apocynum venetum L. flowers stimulate phagocytosis and cytokine expression via activating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bound phenolic compounds from the residue of Apocynum venetum tea and their antioxidant activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Guo X, Wang Z, Cai D, Song L, Bai J. The chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Apocynum venetum L. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261710. [PMID: 35271574 PMCID: PMC8912179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocynum venetum L. (Apocynaceae) is valuable for its medicinal compounds and fiber content. Native A. venetum populations are threatened and require protection. Wild A. venetum resources are limited relative to market demand and a poor understanding of the composition of A. venetum at the molecular level. The chloroplast genome contains genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity evaluation, and molecular identification. In this study, the entire genome of the A. venetum chloroplast was sequenced and analyzed. The A. venetum cp genome is 150,878 bp, with a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRA and IRB). Each inverted repeat region is 25,810 bp, which consist of large (LSC, 81,951 bp) and small (SSC, 17,307 bp) single copy areas. The genome-wide GC content was 38.35%, LSC made up 36.49%, SSC made up 32.41%, and IR made up 43.3%. The A. venetum chloroplast genome encodes 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. This study identified the unique characteristics of the A. venetum chloroplast genome, which will help formulate effective conservation and management strategies as well as molecular identification approaches for this important medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhuanxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Deyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Song
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jialin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Ma JL, Chen C, Huang P, Ji JH, Wu D, Ren LQ. Apocynum venetum leaf extract alleviated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through the AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153815. [PMID: 34781232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum anti-tumor drug that has been associated with cardiotoxicity. Plant extracts have been shown to confer protection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Apocynum venetum L. belongs to the Apocynaceae family. Flavonoid extracted from Apocynum venetum L. possess various biological effects, such as lowering blood pressure levels, sedation, diuresis, anti-aging, and improving immunity. PURPOSE This study investigated the mechanism by which dry leaf extract of Apocynum venetum L. (AVLE) alleviates DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. METHODS HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC methods were used to analyze the components of AVLE. The effects of DOX and AVLE on apoptosis of H9c2 and HMC cells were assessed using the MTT assay. Calcein AM/PI, TUNEL, and flow cytometry were carried out to determine the effects of AVLE on DOX-induced apoptosis. The effect of AVLE on DOX-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes was investigated using ELISA test. Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos, JC-1, and RT-qPCR assays were performed to evaluate the impact of AVLE on DOX-induced cardiomyocyte mitochondrial activity and membrane permeability. Western blot assay was carried out to determine the activation of multiple signaling molecules, including phosphorylated-protein kinase B (p-AKT), Cytochrome c, Bcl-2 family, and caspase family in the apoptosis pathway. The AKT inhibitor was used to block AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway to investigate the role of AKT in the protection conferred by AVLE against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. RESULTS A total of 8 compounds, including rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, unidentified compounds, myricetin, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and kaempferol, were detected in AVLE. Of note, DOX suppressed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, aggravated oxidative stress, and promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis. It also upregulated the mRNA expression levels of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), adenosine nucleotide transporter 1 (ANT1), and cyclophilin D (CYPD), while suppressing mitochondrial activity and mitochondrial membrane permeability. Treatment with DOX altered the expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax. However, AVLE treatment alleviated DOX-induced effects on cardiomyocytes. In addition, application of AKT inhibitors promoted DOX-induced apoptosis and reversed the inhibitory effects of AVLE on DOX-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS AVLE confer cardio protection by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jiu-Long Ma
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jia-Hua Ji
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Li-Qun Ren
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Manzoor M, Muroi M, Ogawa N, Kobayashi H, Nishimura H, Chen D, Fasina OB, Wang J, Osada H, Yoshida M, Xiang L, Qi J. Isoquercitrin from Apocynum venetum L. produces an anti-obesity effect on obese mice by targeting C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, carbonyl reductase, and glutathione S-transferase P and modification of the AMPK/SREBP-1c/FAS/CD36 signaling pathway in mice in vivo. Food Funct 2022; 13:10923-10936. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity were used in investigating the anti-obesity effects of an aqueous extract and isoquercitrin from Apocynum venetum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Manzoor
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Makoto Muroi
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoko Ogawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Haruna Nishimura
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Danni Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Opeyemi B. Fasina
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Lan Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Apocynum Leaf Extract Suppresses the Progress of Atherosclerosis in Rats via the FKN/SYK/p38 Signal Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5524226. [PMID: 34777534 PMCID: PMC8580673 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5524226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the antiatherosclerotic effects of flavonoids extracted from Apocynum venetum (AVF) leaves in atherosclerotic rats and the underlying mechanisms, a total of 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, simvastatin group, low-dose AVF group, medium-dose AVF group, and high-dose AVF group. Atherosclerosis in rats was induced with a high-fat diet and an intraperitoneal injection of VD3 once daily for three contiguous days at a total injection dose of 70 U/kg. At the end of the 13th week, total serum cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) contents were measured. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was applied to evaluate the morphological changes. The ELISA method was used to detect related inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indicators. The corresponding protein expression and the mRNA level were detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcriptase PCR. HE staining showed that the thoracic aorta wall was thickened, and the aortic subendothelial foam cells and lipid vacuoles were reduced in the medium/high-AVF groups. Similarly, the TC, TG, LDL-C, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the model group were significantly higher, but the HDL-C level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were lower than those of the control group, and these effects were ameliorated by treatment with simvastatin or AVF. ELISA results showed that compared with the control group, the model group C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) results were significantly increased, and the medium AVF and high AVF could significantly reduce the expression of related inflammatory factors. The AVF inhibited intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin mRNA and related protein expression in the aorta in atherosclerotic rats. Western blot analysis also showed that AVF can significantly reduce the protein expression of fractalkine (FKN), spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) in the rat aorta. We believe that the AVF can effectively reduce blood lipid levels in rats with atherosclerosis and delay atherosclerotic progression by inhibiting excessive inflammatory factors and inhibiting related adhesion factors. The underlying mechanism may be related to the FKN/SYK/p38 signaling pathway activity. Our results contribute to validating the traditional use of the Apocynum leaf extract in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Xu Z, Wang M, Ren T, Li K, Li Y, Marowa P, Zhang C. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in Apocynum venetum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:816-830. [PMID: 34530326 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Apocynum venetum is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with tolerance to various abiotic stresses, especially, salinity. However, only a few studies have investigated the salt-tolerant mechanism of this non-halophyte under salt stress at phenotypic and physiological levels. To explore the molecular mechanism of salinity tolerance in A. venetum, the global transcriptome profiles of seedling leaves under different salt-stress durations, using 200 mM NaCl, were analyzed. De novo assembly of approximately 715 million high-quality reads and approximately 105.61 Gb sequence data was performed. In total, 2822 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. DEGs were significantly enriched in flavonoid metabolism-related pathways such as "flavonoid biosynthesis" and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis". Most of these DEGs were downregulated under salt stress. However, genes encoding the non-selective cation channels and antioxidants were upregulated under salt stress, whereas most cell wall-related DEGs were downregulated. Consequently, the concentration of flavonoids decreased, whereas that of Na+ increased with exposure time. Thus, we hypothesized that the accumulation of Na+ in the leaves, which resulted in reduced flavonoid concentration under salt stress, directly led to a decrease in the salt tolerance of A. venetum. This was verified by overexpressing four flavonoid synthesis pathway genes in Arabidopsis. The transgenic plants showed higher salt tolerance than the wild-type plants due to the accumulation of total flavonoids. These physiological and transcriptome analyses of A. venetum revealed major molecular underpinnings contributing to the responses of A. venetum to salt stress, thereby improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in A. venetum and plants in general. The findings serve as a basis for functional studies on and engineering strategies for plant salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchang Xu
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Tingting Ren
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Keyang Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Prince Marowa
- Department of Plant Production Sciences and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, 00263, Zimbabwe.
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Moragrega I, Ríos JL. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Depression: Evidence from Preclinical Studies. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:656-685. [PMID: 33434941 DOI: 10.1055/a-1338-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their extracts are natural remedies with enormous potential for treating various diseases, including depression and anxiety. In the case of depression, hundreds of plants have traditionally been used in folk medicine for generations. Different plant extracts and natural products have been analyzed as potential antidepressant agents with validated models to test for antidepressant-like effects in animals, although other complementary studies have also been employed. Most of these studies focus on the possible mediators implicated in these potential effects, with dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline being the principal neurotransmitters implicated, both through interference with receptors and with their metabolism by monoamino oxidases, as well as through neuro-endocrine and neuroprotective effects. There are approximately 650 reports of antidepressant-like medicinal plants in PubMed; 155 of them have been compiled in this review, with a relevant group yielding positive results. Saffron and turmeric are the most relevant species studied in both preclinical and clinical studies; St. John's wort or kava have also been tested extensively. To the best of our knowledge, no review to date has provided a comprehensive understanding of the biomolecular mechanisms of action of these herbs or of whether their potential effects could have real benefits. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an update regarding medicinal plants from the year 2000 to the present to examine the therapeutic potential of these antidepressant-like plants in order to contribute to the development of new therapeutic methods to alleviate the tremendous burden that depression causes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moragrega
- Departament de Psicobiologia, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de València
| | - José Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València
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28
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Li H, Cao Z, Guo S, Gu D, Wang S, Yang Y, He F. An approach based on consecutive high-speed counter-current chromatography for preparation of an active compound rutin from Apocynum venetum L. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1948426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoquan Li
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zengyuan Cao
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Fei He
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Jiang L, She C, Tian C, Tanveer M, Wang L. Storage Period and Different Abiotic Factors Regulate Seed Germination of Two Apocynum Species - Cash Crops in Arid Saline Regions in the Northwestern China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671157. [PMID: 34220893 PMCID: PMC8248540 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On degraded land in arid regions, cultivation of Apocynum species can provide significant environmental benefits by preventing soil erosion and desertification. Furthermore, Apocynum venetum and Apocynum pictum, which are mainly distributed in salt-barren lands in the northwestern region of China, are traditionally used to produce natural fiber and herbal tea. Direct sowing of both species may encounter various abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. However, these effects on germination remain largely unknown, especially for seeds with different storage periods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage period, light condition, temperature regime, drought, and salinity on germination performances of both species. Germination experiment was carried out in November 2017. There were four replicates for each treatment, and each petri dish contained 25 seeds. The results indicated that prolongation of storage period significantly decreased the germination percentage and velocity, especially under abiotic stresses. Light did not affect seed germination of A. venetum and A. pictum under any conditions. Seeds had better germination performance at 10/25 and 15/30°C than those of seeds incubated at any other temperatures. With the increase of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salinity concentrations, seed germination for both species gradually decreased, especially for seeds stored for 2 years. Low PEG (0-20%) and salinity concentration (0-200 mM) did not significantly affect germination percentage of freshly matured seeds. However, long-time storage significantly decreased drought and salinity tolerance in A. venetum and A. pictum during germination stage. For saline soils in arid and semi-arid regions, freshly matured seeds or 1-year-stored seeds of both Apocynum species are recommended to be sown by using drip-irrigation in spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education for Western Hunan Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Chaowen She
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education for Western Hunan Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China
| | - Changyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Yang J, Zhang L, Jiang L, Zhan YG, Fan GZ. Quercetin alleviates seed germination and growth inhibition in Apocynum venetum and Apocynum pictum under mannitol-induced osmotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:268-276. [PMID: 33401201 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the main flavonoids in the human diet and mainly found in different plant tissues, including seeds, flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. However, its biological function in plant tissues, especially in seeds, is unknown. In this study, the seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of Apocynum pictum and A. venetum under osmotic stress (400 mmol L-1 mannitol) supplemented with 5 μmol L-1 quercetin were evaluated after 7, 14, and 21 days of germination. Results showed that quercetin improved the germination percentage and seed vigor, as indicated by the higher germination energy, shoot length, root length, dry weight, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content in A. pictum and A. venetum seedlings under the mannitol compared with those under the mannitol alone. Quercetin decreased H2O2 and O2- production and cell membrane damage, and mostly increased the gene expression of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, chalcone synthase and flavonol synthase in A. pictum and A. venetum seedlings under the mannitol compared with those under the mannitol alone. In addition, the germination energy of A. pictum was 21.57% higher than that of A. venetum, and the gene expression of key enzymes in quercetin biosynthesis in A. pictum was mostly higher than that in A. venetum after 1 and 7 days of germination. These results indicated that quercetin was an effective anti-osmotic agent that alleviated the adverse effect of mannitol-induced osmotic stress on seed germination and seed vigor, and A. pictum seeds were more osmotic resistant than A. venetum seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Lixiang Zhang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Ya Guang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministey of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Gui Zhi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministey of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Yuan N, Li M, Jia C. De novo transcriptome assembly and population genetic analyses of an important coastal shrub, Apocynum venetum L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:408. [PMID: 32883231 PMCID: PMC7470449 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apocynum venetum L. is an important medicinal plant that is mainly distributed in the coastal areas and northwest of China. In addition to its high medical and economic value, its adaptation to saline-alkali and coastal saline lands makes A. venetum an ideal candidate for use in vegetation restoration. To date, the study of A. venetum has been limited in the northwest region of China, little attention has been paid to the genetic diversity and population structure of A. venetum populations in the coastal region. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing of total RNA from A. venetum leaves and developed efficient expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers for analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of A. venetum in the coastal region. RESULTS A total of 86,890 unigenes were generated after de novo assembly, and 68,751 of which were successfully annotated by searching against seven protein databases. Furthermore, 14,072 EST-SSR loci were detected and 10,243 primer pairs were successfully designed from these loci. One hundred primer pairs were randomly selected and synthesized, twelve primer pairs were identified as highly polymorphic and further used for population genetic analysis. Population genetic analyses showed that A. venetum exhibited low level of genetic diversity (mean alleles per locus, NA = 3.3; mean expected heterozygosity, HE = 0.342) and moderate level of genetic differentiation among the populations (genetic differentiation index, FST = 0.032-0.220) in the coastal region. Although the contemporary (mean mc = 0.056) and historical (mean mh = 0.106) migration rates among the six A. venetum populations were moderate, a decreasing trend over the last few generations was detected. Bayesian structure analysis clustered six populations into two major groups, and genetic bottlenecks were found to have occurred in two populations (QG, BH). CONCLUSIONS Using novel EST-SSR markers, we evaluated the genetic variation of A. venetum in the coastal region and determined conservation priorities based on these findings. The large dataset of unigenes and SSRs identified in our study, combining samples from a broader range, will support further research on the conservation and evolution of this important coastal plant and its related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yuan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mimi Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlin Jia
- Institute of Agricultural and Sustainable Development, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Xu Z, Zhou J, Ren T, Du H, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang C. Salt stress decreases seedling growth and development but increases quercetin and kaempferol content in Apocynum venetum. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:813-821. [PMID: 32378758 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Apocynum venetum L. is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with great potential to treat angiocardiopathy. Its major medicinal constituents are flavonoids. However, the natural habitats of A. venetum are typically affected by salt stress, which can modify both biomass and accumulation of medicinal compounds. In this study, the effects of salt stress on growth and development of A. venetum, accumulation of flavonoids and expression patterns of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were evaluated. In general, the growth and development of seedlings (seedling height, root length, leaf length, leaf width and seed germination) were inhibited by salt stress. Unlike typical halophytes, there was no optimal NaCl concentration range that promoted growth and development, but seedlings had an elevated DW/FW ratio under salt stress (induced by irrigation with 50, 100, 200 or 400 mm NaCl). Furthermore, quercetin and kaempferol were significantly accumulated in A. venetum seedlings under salt stress, resulting in a balanced content and reduced FW. Moreover, the expression of AvCHS, AvCHI and AvF3GT was inhibited by salt stress; however, AvF3'H, AvF3H and AvFLS, which are involved in the flavonol synthesis pathway, were up-regulated under salt stress, consistent with a decrease in total flavonoids and an increase of flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol). In summary, cultivation of A. venetum in saline soils appeared to be feasible and improved the medicinal quality of A. venetum (quercetin and kaempferol accumulation under salt stress), thus this species can effectively utilize saline soil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xu
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - J Zhou
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Pharmic Department, Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - T Ren
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - H Du
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - H Liu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Y Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - C Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Feng Y, Jiang C, Yang F, Chen Z, Li Z. Apocynum venetum leaf extract protects against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress by increasing autophagy in PC12 cells. Biomed Rep 2020; 13:6. [PMID: 32607235 PMCID: PMC7323456 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of Apocynum venetum leaf extract (AVLE) on the nervous system has been widely studied, but its effect on injured neurons is not fully understood. In the present study, the protective effect of AVLE on injured neurons was determined. H2O2 was used to induce oxidative stress in PC12 cells and cell viability assays were used to determine the optimum concentration range of AVLE and its protective effects against oxidative stress. A live-dead assay was performed to confirm the effects of AVLE on oxidative stress. Subsequently, expression of apoptotic proteins including Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 were evaluated to determine whether AVLE affected apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected to determine the role of AVLE in H2O2 exposure. Furthermore, expression of autophagic proteins including LC3-II and p62 were detected to evaluate the effects of AVLE on autophagic activity, and cells were treated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagic inhibitor, to identify the underlying protective mechanism of AVLE. The results showed that the optimum conditions to induce oxidative stress were treatment with 40 µM H2O2 for 2 h, and the suitable range of AVLE concentrations was shown to be 1-100 µg/ml. AVLE improved cell viability in PC12 cells following treatment with H2O2. AVLE reduced the expression of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3, and decreased ROS production. Furthermore, AVLE upregulated LC3-II expression and downregulated p62 expression, whereas treatment with 3-MA increased the levels of ROS and apoptotic proteins. These results suggest that AVLE may protect injured neurons against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and this effect may be associated with the reduction of ROS by increasing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelai Feng
- Department of International Baccalaureate Diploma Program, Shanghai Pinghe School, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zixian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Beneficial effects of polysaccharide-rich extracts from Apocynum venetum leaves on hypoglycemic and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Chang L, Yu X, Wang W, Tian X. The complete chloroplast genome of Apocynum venetum (Apocynaceae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:2601-2602. [PMID: 33457875 PMCID: PMC7782900 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1781567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Apocynum venetum (A. venetum) has high medicinal value that belongs to the family Apocynaceae. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. venetum, which was 150,858 bp in length. The cp genome was characterized by a typical quadripartite structure composed of a large single-copy region (LSC 81,919 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC 17,257 bp) interspersed by a pair of 25,841 bp inverted repeat regions (IRs), and it contained 86 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs. A maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree indicated that A. venetum was closely related to Trachelospermum jasminoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Chang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tian
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Bautista MAC, Xiao Z, Zheng Y, Miao S, Deng Y, Chen T. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Apocynum venetum L. (Apocynaceae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:2475-2476. [PMID: 33457833 PMCID: PMC7782556 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1780171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Apocynum venetum L. (Apocynaceae) or Luobuma is a widely known traditional medicine use to treat hypertension, relieve anxiety, soothe the nerves and promote diuresis. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of this medicinal plant was determined through Illumina sequencing method. The A. venetum cp genome is 150,897 bp in length, containing a small single copy region (17,256 bp), a large single copy region (81,957 bp), and a pair of IR regions (25,842 bp). It encodes for a total of 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis also reveals that A. venetum is relatively close to Aganosma cymosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann C Bautista
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation & Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant Diversity, Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqi Xiao
- Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant Diversity, Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenyu Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation & Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant Diversity, Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Du SY, Huang HF, Li XQ, Zhai LX, Zhu QC, Zheng K, Song X, Xu CS, Li CY, Li Y, He ZD, Xiao HT. Anti-inflammatory properties of uvaol on DSS-induced colitis and LPS-stimulated macrophages. Chin Med 2020; 15:43. [PMID: 32411289 PMCID: PMC7206718 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apocynum venetum leaves are used as a kind of phytomedicine and the main ingredient in some traditional Chinese medicine products for the relief of colitis. To understand the bioactive constituents of A. venetum L., we did a phytochemistry study and investigated anti-Inflammatory effects of compounds and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods We isolated compounds from ethanol extract of A. venetum L. leaf and detected the most effective compound by NO inhibition assay. We investigated anti-Inflammatory effects on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The disease activity index was determined by scores of body weight loss, diarrhea and rectal bleeding; histological damage was analyzed by H&E staining; macrophages change in the colon were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC); myeloperoxidase activity was measured by myeloperoxidase assay kits; levels of proinflammatory cytokines were determined by qPCR and ELISA; protein production such as COX-2, iNOS, STAT3 and ERK1/2 were determined by western blotting. Results We isolated uvaol from ethanol extract of A. venetum L. leaf and found uvaol has excellent potential of inhibiting NO production. We further found uvaol could attenuate disease activity index (DAI), colon shortening, colon injury, and colonic myeloperoxidase activity in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, uvaol significantly reduces mRNA expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1) and infiltration of macrophages in colonic tissues of colitis mice. Studies on LPS challenged murine macrophage RAW246.7 cells also revealed that uvaol reduces mRNA expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Mechanically, uvaol inhibits the pro-inflammatory ERK/STAT3 axis in both inflamed colonic tissues and macrophages. Conclusions A. venetum leaf contains uvaol and uvaol has potent anti-inflammatory effects on DSS-induced experimental colitis and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. These results suggest uvaol is a prospective anti-inflammatory agent for colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yun Du
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Hai-Feng Huang
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China.,2The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Druggability for Natural Medicines, Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou China
| | - Xian-Qian Li
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China.,3School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Xiang Zhai
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qin-Chang Zhu
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Kai Zheng
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Xun Song
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Chen-Shu Xu
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Chen-Yang Li
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Ying Li
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Zhen-Dan He
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Hai-Tao Xiao
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China.,2The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Druggability for Natural Medicines, Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou China
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Shen J, Yang K, Jiang C, Ma XQ, Zheng MX, Sun CH. Development and application of a rapid HPLC method for simultaneous determination of hyperoside, isoquercitrin and eleutheroside E in Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus. BMC Chem 2020; 14:35. [PMID: 32391523 PMCID: PMC7196217 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus have been used for hundreds of years to treat hypertension in China. In previous research, there was not a suitable quality control of method for the formulas of Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus. It is urgent and essential to develop modern analytical methods for Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus to ensure the quality of the formulas. A rapid approach for simultaneous determination of hyperoside, isoquercitrin and eleutheroside E in Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector was described and validated. The full method validation, including the linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, repeatability, stability and recovery, was examined. All target components, including isomers of hyperoside and isoquercitrin, were baseline separated in 35 min. The developed method was sensitive, reliable and feasible. With this method, the optimal decoction conditions of Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus were selected, and their quality analysis was carried out. Furthermore, an herbal compatibility study of Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus based on detecting variations in the content of their active ingredients was performed by the developed HPLC method. It could be an alternative for the quantitative analysis of herbs that contain hyperoside, isoquercitrin or (and) eleutheroside E in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310 006 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Kai Yang
- 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310 003 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- 3Department of pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310 012 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Ma
- 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310 006 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Min-Xia Zheng
- 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310 006 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Cai-Hua Sun
- 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310 006 Zhejiang Province China
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Kukharenko A, Brito A, Yashin YI, Yashin AY, Kuznetsov RM, Markin PA, Bochkareva NL, Pavlovskiy IA, Appolonova SA. Total antioxidant capacity of edible plants commonly found in East Asia and the Middle East determined by an amperometric method. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gao J, Ma B, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Tong Y, Guo S, Gao W, Huang L. Investigating the Catalytic Activity of Glycosyltransferase on Quercetin from Tripterygium wilfordii. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1414-1421. [PMID: 32010813 PMCID: PMC6990443 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid glycosides have shown many pharmacological activities in clinical studies. However, the main way to obtain flavonoid glycosides is to extract and separate them from plants, which wastes both time and resources. Here, we identified the O-glycosyltransferase (UGTs) TwUGT3 from Tripterygium wilfordii and analyzed its bioinformatics. First, the enzyme was found to utilize phloretin and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) as substrates to produce an acid-tolerant glucoside. Then, it also can use quercetin and UDPG as substrates to produce the corresponding O-glucoside. In addition, we further explored the substrate specificity of TwUGT3, which suggested that it also accepts luteolin, pinocembrin, and genistein to produce the corresponding O-glucosides. Subsequently, the optimum pH, reaction time, reaction temperature, and enzymatic kinetic parameters of TwUGT3 were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- School
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Advanced Innovation
Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital
Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Baowei Ma
- School
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Advanced Innovation
Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital
Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Advanced Innovation
Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital
Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Advanced Innovation
Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital
Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- School
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Advanced Innovation
Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital
Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Siyuan Guo
- School
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Advanced Innovation
Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital
Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Advanced Innovation
Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital
Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key
Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for
Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Genomic Survey, Transcriptome, and Metabolome Analysis of Apocynum venetum and Apocynum hendersonii to Reveal Major Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathways. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9120296. [PMID: 31817331 PMCID: PMC6950674 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9120296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocynum plants, especially A. venetum and A. hendersonii, are rich in flavonoids. In the present study, a whole genome survey of the two species was initially carried out to optimize the flavonoid biosynthesis-correlated gene mining. Then, the metabolome and transcriptome analyses were combined to elucidate the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Both species have small genome sizes of 232.80 Mb (A. venetum) and 233.74 Mb (A. hendersonii) and showed similar metabolite profiles with flavonols being the main differentiated flavonoids between the two specie. Positive correlation of gene expression levels (flavonone-3 hydroxylase, anthocyanidin reductase, and flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase) and total flavonoid content were observed. The contents of quercitrin, hyperoside, and total anthocyanin in A. venetum were found to be much higher than in A. hendersonii, and such was thought to be the reason for the morphological difference in color of A. venetum and A. hendersonii. This study provides valuable genomic and metabolome information for understanding of A. venetum and A. hendersonii, and lays a foundation for elucidating Apocynum genus plant flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Guo H, Kuang Z, Zhang J, Zhao X, Pu P, Yan J. The preventive effect of Apocynum venetum polyphenols on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress in mice. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:557-568. [PMID: 31897099 PMCID: PMC6923744 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocynum venetum is a traditional medicine that is rich in polyphenols. Apocynum venetum polyphenol extract (AVP) contains the active substances neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, astragaloside and rosmarinic acid. In the present study, the preventive effect of AVP against D-galactose-induced oxidative stress was studied in a mouse model. The sera, skin, livers and spleens of mice were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The biochemical results showed that AVP improved the thymus, brain, heart, liver, spleen and kidney indices in a mouse model of oxidative stress. AVP was also able to reverse the reduction in levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, and increased the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde identified in the serum, liver, spleen and brain of mice exposed to oxidative stress. Pathological observations confirmed that AVP could inhibit oxidative damage to the skin, liver and spleen of mice caused by D-galactose. Further molecular biological experiments also demonstrated that AVP increased the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver and spleen of treated mice compared to controls. Notably, the preventive effect of AVP against D-galactose-induced oxidative damage in mice was better than that of the confirmed antioxidant vitamin C. In conclusion, AVP exhibited an antioxidant effect and the AVP-rich Apocynum venetum may be considered a plant resource with potential antioxidative benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Kuang
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Environment and Quality Inspection College, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing 401228, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Ping Pu
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
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In Vitro Analysis of Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Bioactive Components of Apocynum venetum Tea Extracts. J FOOD QUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/2465341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The dry leaf of Apocynum venetum tea extracts (AVTEs) belonging to the Apocynaceae family is a traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study is to identify the bioactive components of AVTE and analyse its antioxidant and anticancer activity in vitro. Method. Flavones and polyphenols in AVTE were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. The scavenging capacity of tea extracts to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS); hydroxyl (OH); and superoxide anion-free radicals were investigated by spectrophotometry. We also detailed the cytotoxicity assay of AVTE (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) to human embryonic kidney 293T cells, the protective effect of AVTE on 293T cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.3 mmol/L), and the anticancer effect against the human hepatoma HepG2 cells via 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We investigated the antioxidative effects of AVTE in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and the anticancer mechanism in HepG2 human hepatoma cells via quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Results. HPLC analysis showed that AVTEs contain neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercetin, isochlorogenic acid B, astragalin, isochlorogenic acid C, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, and trans-cinnamic acid. These extracts have high antioxidant activity and dose-dependent relation through free radical scavenging experiments. The cell viability of 293T cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (0.3 mmol/L) was significantly lower than that of normal cells, and the cell viability of oxidatively stressed 293T cells after AVTE (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) treatment was significantly improved (P<0.05). Moreover, cytotoxicity experiments showed that the survival rate of 293T cells was over 90%, but the proliferation of HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by AVTE. Furthermore, cytoprotective effects in 293T cells were induced via upregulation of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), GSH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant-related factors, as well as apoptosis in HepG2 cells was induced via upregulation of caspase-3, caspase-9, p21, and p53 apoptosis-associated factors, as assessed via mRNA expression levels after treatment with AVTE, which were consistent with the results of antioxidant gene detections. As a conclusion, AVTE appears to be an effectively functional drink, due to its rich functional components and antioxidant and anticancer activities.
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A strategy for quality evaluation of salt-treated Apocyni Veneti Folium and discovery of efficacy-associated markers by fingerprint-activity relationship modeling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16666. [PMID: 31723166 PMCID: PMC6853957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a fingerprint-activity relationship between chemical fingerprints and hepatoprotective activity was established to evaluate the quality of salt-treated Apocyni Veneti Folium (AVF). Characteristic fingerprints of AVF samples exposed to different concentrations of salt were generated by ultrafast liquid chromatography tandem triple time-of-flight mass/mass spectrometry (UFLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS), and a similarity analysis was performed based on common characteristic peaks by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Then, the hepatoprotective activity of AVF against CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice was investigated by assessing biochemical markers and histopathology, which showed that a high dose of AVF exposed to low levels of salt stress produced a marked amelioration of hepatic damage compared with the other salt-treated AVF. Finally, fingerprint-activity relationship modeling, which was capable of discovering the bioactive markers used in the quality evaluation, was investigated by the chemical fingerprints and the hepatoprotective activities utilizing multivariate statistical analysis, gray correlation analysis (GCA) and bivariate correlation analysis (BCA). The results showed that the accumulation of polyphenols, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, in AVF subjected to low levels of salt stress could result in the effective scavenging of free radicals. Therefore, the present study may provide a powerful strategy to holistically evaluate the quality of salt-treated AVF in combination with chemical fingerprint and bioactivity evaluation.
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Chen C, Liu H, Wang C, Liu Z, Liu X, Zou L, Zhao H, Yan Y, Shi J, Chen S. Metabolomics characterizes metabolic changes of Apocyni Veneti Folium in response to salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:187-196. [PMID: 31585397 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Apocyni Veneti Folium (AVF) has been raised great interest in the antioxidant properties recently for the preservation of human health. However, little research was found on the integrate metabolites except our previous investigation on the variations of the bioactive constituents. To understand the salt-tolerant mechanisms of the halophyte, metabolomic platform based on ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem triple time-of-flight mass/mass spectrometer was applied in this study. The results showed that metabolic profiles were separated and differentiated among groups based on multivariate statistical analysis; different metabolites belonged to various chemical classes. Besides, phenylpropanoid pathway and terpenoid biosynthesis were disturbed in all salt-stressed AVF and low salt-treated group appeared to be better than other samples in terms of relative contents (peak areas) of the wide variety of bioactive components and physiological variations of photosynthetic pigments, osmotic homeostasis, lipid peroxidation product and antioxidative enzymes. This study may provide additional insight into the salt-tolerant mechanisms and the quality assessment of AVF in a holistic level based on the plant metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zixiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xunhong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, 210023, China; National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lisi Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Zeng S, Zhao X, Xu LS, Yang D, Chen L, Xu MH. Apoptosis induction effect of Apocynum venetum polyphenol on human U87 glioma cells via NF-κB pathway. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3723-3738. [PMID: 31650850 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Apocynum venetum polyphenol (AVP) was used in in vitro glioma cells culture to prove the growth inhibitory effect of AVP on human U87 glioma cells via NF-κB pathway. Materials & methods: The MTT assay, DAPI morphology, quantitative PCR and western blot experiments were used for determination in vitro. Results & conclusion: AVP can also induce U87 cancer cells apoptosis illustrated by DAPI morphology. AVP could enhance the mRNA and protein expression of IκB-α, TNF-α, TRAIL, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in U87 cancer cells and reduce those of NF-κBp65, cIAP-1, cIAP-2, TGF-β2, CyclinD1, VEGF and IL-8. After ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) treatment, the NF-κBp65 expression was reduced in U87 cells, and AVP could raise these effects. The results of HPLC indicate that AVP mainly contains six constituents. The growth inhibitory effects of AVP on U87 glioma cells are predominantly from these natural active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Lun-Shan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Donghong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Min-Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
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Zhou J, Zou P, Jing C, Xu Z, Zhou S, Li Y, Zhang C, Yuan Y. Chemical characterization and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Apocynum venetum leaves extracted by different solvents. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li C, Tan F, Yang J, Yang Y, Gou Y, Li S, Zhao X. Antioxidant Effects of Apocynum venetum Tea Extracts on d-Galactose-Induced Aging Model in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090381. [PMID: 31500342 PMCID: PMC6770887 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicinal drink, Apocynum venetum, a local tea from Xinjiang, China, is favored for its rich flavor and biological functionality. This study looked at aging mice induced by d-galactose to determine the in vivo anti-aging effect of Apocynum venetum tea extracts (AVTEs) and its bioactive components. We evaluated the weight of major organs (via organ index) and pathological changes in the liver. We also detailed the effects of AVTE (250 mg/kg in the low dose group, 500 mg/kg in the high dose group) on biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and nitric oxide) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IL-1β) in the serum of aging mice. We investigated the anti-aging effects of AVTE in d-galactose-induced aging mice via quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. In addition, we analyzed the biological components of AVTEs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results were remarkable, suggesting that AVTE significantly improved d-galactose-induced aging mice, with the high dose group showing the best results among other groups. ATVE can effectively alleviate hepatocyte edema, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration and injury in mice, induce a protective effect via up-regulation of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant related factors, and play an important role in the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) and the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β). At the same time, HPLC analysis showed that AVTEs contain neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, astragalin, isochlorogenic acid C, rosmarinic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid. Thus, AVTE appears to be an effectively functional drink due to its rich functional components and anti-aging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela 838, Philippines.
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Yuting Gou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Shuting Li
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
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Zhang Y, Ma XY, Zhang T, Qin M, Sun B, Li Q, Hu DW, Ren LQ. Protective Effects of Apocynum venetum Against Pirarubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1075-1097. [PMID: 31311298 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pirarubicin (THP) is an anthracycline antibiotic, frequently used for the treatment of various human cancers. Unfortunately, the clinical effectiveness of THP is limited by its dose-related cardiotoxicity. Apocynum leaf extract is an extract of the dried leaves of Apocynum venetum L. (a member of the Apocynaceae family, AVLE) that has many positive effects on the cardiovascular system and is widely consumed as tea in China. In this study we established a cardiactoxicity rat model, which showed that pretreatment with AVLE attenuated THP-induced myocardial histopathological injury, electrocardiogram abnormalities, and cardiac dysfunction. AVLE also significantly reduced serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), creatine kinase (CK-MB), cardiac troponin (CTnT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); and increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Treatment with AVLE or dexrazoxane (DZR) resulted in an increase Cytochrome C (cytc) in the mitochondria and reduced Cytc and cleaved-caspase-3 levels (p<0.05) in cytoplasm. We also found that AVLE significantly reduced voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), adenosine nucleotide transporter 1 (ANT1), and cyclophilin D (CYPD) mRNA expression (p<0.05). Furthermore, AVLE appeared to exert therapeutic effects in a dose-dependent manner. Our study suggests the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of AVLE may be responsible for the observed cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- *Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- ‡Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- *Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Meng Qin
- *Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Bo Sun
- *Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- *Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Dian-Wen Hu
- †Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface, Chemistry of Jilin Province, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Ren
- *Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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Genome survey and SSR analysis of Apocynum venetum. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190146. [PMID: 31189745 PMCID: PMC6591564 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Apocynum venetum is an eco-economic plant that exhibits high stress resistance. In the present paper, we carried out a whole-genome survey of A. venetum in order to provide a foundation for its whole-genome sequencing. High-throughput sequencing technology (Illumina NovaSep) was first used to measure the genome size of A. venetum, and bioinformatics methods were employed for the evaluation of the genome size, heterozygosity ratio, repeated sequences, and GC content in order to provide a foundation for subsequent whole-genome sequencing. The sequencing analysis results indicated that the preliminary estimated genome size of A. venetum was 254.40 Mbp, and its heterozygosity ratio and percentage of repeated sequences were 0.63 and 40.87%, respectively, indicating that it has a complex genome. We used k-mer = 41 to carry out a preliminary assembly and obtained contig N50, which was 3841 bp with a total length of 223949699 bp. We carried out further assembly to obtain scaffold N50, which was 6196 bp with a total length of 227322054 bp. We performed simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular marker prediction based on the A. venetum genome data and identified a total of 101918 SSRs. The differences between the different types of nucleotide repeats were large, with mononucleotide repeats being most numerous and hexanucleotide repeats being least numerous. We recommend the use of the ‘2+3’ (Illumina+PacBio) sequencing combination to supplement the Hi-C technique and resequencing technique in future whole-genome research in A. venetum.
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