1
|
Chen H, Xu R, Xu E, Chen Y, Niu C, Chen Y. Construction and performance evaluation of polyguluronic acid polysaccharides-based drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 242:114083. [PMID: 39029246 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have garnered significant attention as potential nanoparticle carriers for targeted tumor therapy due to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. Polyguluronic acid (PG) is a homogeneous acidic polysaccharide fragment derived from alginate, which is found in brown algae, possesses excellent bioactivities, unique properties. This study explored the immunomodulatory activity of PG and developed PG-based nanogels through modified disulfide bonds and Ca2+ dual crosslinking. We characterized their structure, assessed their drug-loading and release properties, and ultimately validated both the safety of the nanocarrier and the in vitro anti-tumor efficacy of the encapsulated drug. Results indicated that PG significantly enhanced the proliferative activity and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells while promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytokine secretion. The study identified TLR4 as the primary receptor for PG recognition in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, PG-based drug-carrying nanogels were prepared, exhibiting uniform sizes of about 184 nm and demonstrating exceptional encapsulation efficiency (82.15 ± 0.82 %) and drug loading capacity (8.12 ± 0.08 %). In vitro release experiments showed that these nanogels could responsively release drugs under conditions of high glutathione (GSH) reduction, facilitating drug accumulation at tumor sites and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This research not only expands the application of PG in drug delivery systems but also provides valuable insights into leveraging natural immunomodulatory polysaccharides as carriers for targeted drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Xu
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyu Xu
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Niu
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Melkonian AK, Hakobyan GV. Evaluation of the therapeutic action of original antiviral drug in SARS-CoV-2. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38710664 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of this article is to study the possible direct antiviral effect of "Armenikum" on SARS-CoV-2, conduct an in vitro study on the SARS-CoV-2 encephalomocarditis virus, and an in vivo study on the Syrian hamster model. Human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (delta strain) was used as the virus. Two groups of four-specimen hamsters were used to study the therapeutic activity of the drug during 48 h after infecting. One group of hamsters served as positive control and was infected with the virus at a similar dose as experimental one and was used as a control of pathology induced by the viral infection till the end of the experiment. Another group of hamsters (four of them) was injected physiological solution and was used as a control. The Syrian hamsters underwent a clinical blood test and computed tomography. "Armenikum" in the form of an injection has a significant antiviral effect on the human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, credibly reducing the titers of the virus and the time of its elimination from the Syrian hamsters, significantly mitigating the viral infection. "Armenikum" in the form of an injection drug almost completely removes the pathological effect of the virus in the lungs of the hamsters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gagik V Hakobyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu J, Yang Y, Hong EK, Yin X, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang D. Analyzing the structure-activity relationship of raspberry polysaccharides using interpretable artificial neural network model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130354. [PMID: 38403223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship has been a hot topic in the field of polysaccharide research. Six polysaccharides and three polysaccharide fragments were obtained from raspberry pulp. Based on their structural information and immune-enhancing activity data, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was used for prediction, and Gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) algorithm was exploited for explanation structure-activity relationship of these raspberry polysaccharides in the present study. The structural information and immune activity data of raspberry polysaccharides were respectively used as input and output in the ANN model. The training and testing losses of ANN model was no longer decreased after trained for 200 epochs. The mean-square error (MSE) of training set and test set stabilized around 0.003 and 0.013, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of training set and test set were 0.21 % and 0.98 %, indicating the trained ANN model converged well and exhibited strong robustness. The interpretability analysis showed that molecular weight, content of arabinose, galactose or galacturonic acid, and glycosyl linkage patterns of →3)-Arap-(1→, Araf-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1 → were the main structural factors greatly affecting the immune-enhancing activity of raspberry polysaccharides. This work may provide a new perspective for the study of structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Eun-Kyung Hong
- Medvill Co., Ltd. Medvill Research Institute, Seoul 08512, Republic of Korea
| | - Xingxing Yin
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Xuehong Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Niu Y, Liu W, Fan X, Wen D, Wu D, Wang H, Liu Z, Li B. Beyond cellulose: pharmaceutical potential for bioactive plant polysaccharides in treating disease and gut dysbiosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1183130. [PMID: 37293228 PMCID: PMC10244522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1183130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides derived from plants, algae, or fungi serve as the major components of some human diets. Polysaccharides have been shown to exhibit diverse biological activities in improving human health, and have also been proposed to function as potent modulators of gut microbiota composition, thus playing a bi-directional regulatory role in host health. Here, we review a variety of polysaccharide structures potentially linked to biological functions, and cover current research progress in characterizing their pharmaceutical effects in various disease models, including antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and antimicrobial activities. We also highlight the effects of polysaccharides on modulating gut microbiota via enrichment for beneficial taxa and suppression of potential pathogens, leading to increased microbial expression of carbohydrate-active enzymes and enhanced short chain fatty acid production. This review also discusses polysaccharide-mediated improvements in gut function by influencing interleukin and hormone secretion in host intestinal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueni Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Hongzhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Characterization of effects of chitooligosaccharide monomer addition on immunomodulatory activity in macrophages. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112268. [PMID: 36596179 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of five chitooligosaccharide monomers of different molecular weights on immunomodulatory activity in macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. The incubation of various chitooligosaccharide monomers enhanced phagocytosis and pinocytosis activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in RAW264.7 cells. The incorporation of chitooligosaccharide monomers significantly boosted the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, as well as the release of inflammatory cytokines. To further explore the mechanism of inflammation regulated by chitooligosaccharide, the activation inhibitors of NF-кB (CAPE) and TLR-4 (TAK-242) were utilized, the determination data demonstrated that chitobiose suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and NF-кB p65. In addition, the investigation results revealed that the presence of the mannose receptor inhibitor (mannan) suppressed chitohexaose-induced phagocytic activity and inflammatory cytokines. These results suggested that the five distinct chitooligosaccharide monomers had inconsistent effects, the chitobiose and chitohexaose exhibiting the best biological activity in activating RAW264.7 cells, promoting cell proliferation, and increasing non-specific immunity.
Collapse
|
6
|
Antiviral Activity of Crude Polysaccharide Derived from Seaweed against IHNV and IPNV In Vitro. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092080. [PMID: 36146887 PMCID: PMC9501831 DOI: 10.3390/v14092080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are the causative agents of acute and highly contagious diseases of juvenile salmonids, resulting in severe economic losses to these cold-water fish globally. There is an urgent need to explore antiviral agents against IHNV and IPNV due to the lack of commercially available vaccines and antiviral drugs. More importantly, the co-infection of IHNV and IPNV is prevalent in nature, which not only aggravates extensive damage to the salmonids but also poses challenges to its prevention and control. The antiviral effects of a crude polysaccharide derived from seaweed (CSP) on IHNV and IPNV were evaluated in this study separately. Furthermore, the underlying antiviral mechanisms of CSP to IHNV and IPNV were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that CSP possessed excellent safety and good ability to inhibit IHNV, IPNV, and their co-infection. CSP preferred to act at the early stage of viral infection. The antiviral mechanism of CSP on IHNV is possibly involved in preventing viral attachment and release, while in IPNV, it is involved in suppressing viral attachment, entry, and release. Taken together, the results of this study shed new light on developing novel agents against viral infection in salmonid fish.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Zhang S, Shang H, Wang C, Zhou F, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Gao P, Li N, Liu D, Shen M, Zhu R, Shi Y, Wei K. Evaluation of the antiviral effect of four plant polysaccharides against duck circovirus. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:446-457. [PMID: 36148714 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, outbreaks of duck circovirus (DuCV) are frequently occurring worldwide due to secondary infections caused by post infection-induced immunosuppression. Due to a lack of preventive drugs and vaccines, the waterfowl industry losses are ever increasing. In this study, we extracted Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), pine pollen polysaccharides (PPPS), Aloe vera polysaccharides (AVE), and Ficus carica polysaccharides (FCPS) from Astragalus, pine pollen, aloe, and F. carica leaves, respectively. We randomly divided 150 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks into five groups, which were inoculated with the DuCV solution and orally administered APS, PPPS, AVE, FCPS, and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), respectively. We collected the duck immune organs and serum samples at 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 days post-infection (dpi). Using clinical symptom analysis, molecular biology experiments, and serological experiments, we proved that plant polysaccharides could (a) improve the duck immunity, (b) reduce the viral load, and (c) mitigate DuCV-induced damage to immune organs, with both APS and PPPS having significant effects. Moreover, we detected viral load and cytokines within the first 8 dpi. Since the body's innate immunity could inhibit viral replication within five days of virus infection, 1-5 dpi was the best treatment time. Among the four polysaccharides showing in vitro anti-apoptotic activity, APS and PPPS significantly inhibited the DuCV infection-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Overall, since our findings show APS and PPPS having significant anti-DuCV effects both in vivo and in vitro, they can be promising candidates for preventing DuCV infection in ducks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Hongqi Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Shandong Feicheng Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Health Center, Taian, China
| | - Yunxuan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Panpan Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ning Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Youfei Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
| | - Kai Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang H, Ma C, Sun-Waterhouse D, Wang J, Neil Waterhouse GI, Kang W. Immunoregulatory polysaccharides from Apocynum venetum L. flowers stimulate phagocytosis and cytokine expression via activating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
9
|
P Karagodin V, I Summerhill V, Yet SF, N Orekhov A. The anti-atherosclerotic effects of natural polysaccharides: from phenomena to the main mechanisms of action. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1823-1832. [PMID: 35585810 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220518095025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides (PSs) of plant origin have a variety of biological activities, anti-atherosclerotic including, but their use in atherosclerosis therapy is hindered by insufficient knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. In this review, the influence of several natural PSs on the function of macrophages, viral activity, and macrophage cholesterol metabolism has been discussed considering the tight interplay between these aspects in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The anti-atherosclerotic activities of natural PSs related to other mechanisms have been also explored. Directions for further research of anti-atherosclerotic effects of natural PSs have been outlined, the most promising of which can be nutrigenomic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasily P Karagodin
- Department of Commodity Research and Expertise, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Pereulok, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Volha I Summerhill
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chtita S, Fouedjou RT, Belaidi S, Djoumbissie LA, Ouassaf M, Qais FA, Bakhouch M, Efendi M, Tok TT, Bouachrine M, Lakhlifi T. In silico investigation of phytoconstituents from Cameroonian medicinal plants towards COVID-19 treatment. Struct Chem 2022; 33:1799-1813. [PMID: 35505923 PMCID: PMC9051495 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In silico studies performed on the metabolites of four Cameroonian medicinal plants with a view to propose potential molecules to fight against COVID-19 were carried out. At first, molecular docking was performed for a set of 84 selected phytochemicals with SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB ID: 6lu7) protein. It was further followed by assessing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological abilities of 15 compounds, which showed low binding energy values. As the screening criteria for their ADMET properties were performed, only two compounds have shown suitable pharmacological properties for human administration which were shortlisted. Furthermore, the stability of binding of these compounds was assessed by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on further analysis through molecular dynamics simulations and reactivity studies, it was concluded that only the Pycnanthuquinone C (17) and the Pycnanthuquinone A (18) extracted from the Pycnanthus angolensis could be considered as candidate inhibitors for targeted protein. Indeed, we expect that these compounds could show excellent in vitro and in vivo activity against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou M, Zhou S, Han K, Zhang J, Chen Q, Tian C, Zhu H, Jiang M, Min D. Th1 immune maturation effects of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton via PI3K/Akt/PAX8 regulatory axis. Sci Prog 2022; 105:368504221092901. [PMID: 35473474 PMCID: PMC10450467 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221092901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (Nr-CWS) is reported as an external immunotherapeutic enhancer with the advantage of antitumor effect on human cancers. However, the immune regulatory role of Nr-CWS is not fully illustrated. We studied mouse CD4+ T lymphocytes isolated from mice spleen were induced by Nr-CWS and observed that the differentiation of Th1 CD4+ T cells and the cytokines of IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ were all enhanced by Nr-CWS. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was conducted to investigate the different mRNA profiling induced by Nr-CWS. We observed that paired box 8 (PAX8) was significantly up-regulated in Nr-CWS-treated Th1 cells compared to control. As a transcription factor, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was carried out to study the genome-wide distribution of PAX8. Interestingly, we found that the binding domain of PAX8 was elevated by Nr-CWS, and the target genes associated with these binding sites showed a positive correlation between their transcription and PAX8 binding strength. Finally, we determined that Nr-CWS could enhance the activity of the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway. Akt agonist could mimic the effect of Nr-CWS for PAX8 up-regulation, while Akt inhibitor compromised the expression of PAX8. Taken together, we determined a novel role of Nr-CWS in boosting the activity of Th1 maturation via the PI3 K/Akt/PAX8 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Qingyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Cong Tian
- Department of Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Hongling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Mengyi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Daliu Min
- Department of Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun Q, Xin X, An Z, Hu Y, Feng Q. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Plants Against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Targeting the Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:854879. [PMID: 35356532 PMCID: PMC8959594 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains a common disease with a significant health and economic burden worldwide. The gut microbiota (GM) and bile acids (BAs), which play important roles in the gut-liver axis, have been confirmed to jointly participate in the development of NAFLD. GM not only regulate bile acids’ synthesis, transport, and reabsorption by regulating other metabolites (such as trimetlyl amine oxide, butyrate), but also regulate dehydrogenation, dehydroxylation and desulfurization of bile acids. Meanwhile, disordered bile acids influence the gut microbiota mainly through promoting the bacterial death and lowering the microbial diversity. Although weight loss and lifestyle changes are effective in the treatment of NAFLD, the acceptability and compliance of patients are poor. Recently, increasing natural plants and their active ingredients have been proved to alleviate NAFLD by modulating the joint action of gut microbiota and bile acids, and considered to be promising potential candidates. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of natural plants in treating NAFLD in the context of their regulation of the complex interplay between the gut microbiota and bile acids, the crosstalk of which has been shown to significantly promote the progression of NAFLD. Herein, we summarize the prior work on this topic and further suggest future research directions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- QinMei Sun
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - ZiMing An
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YiYang Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: YiYang Hu, ; Qin Feng,
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: YiYang Hu, ; Qin Feng,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nam JH, Choi J, Monmai C, Rod-in W, Jang AY, You S, Park WJ. Immune-Enhancing Effects of Crude Polysaccharides from Korean Ginseng Berries on Spleens of Mice with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:256-262. [PMID: 34949747 PMCID: PMC9628850 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2110.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is well known as traditional herbal medicine, and ginseng berries are known to exhibit potential immune-enhancing functions. However, little is known about the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of Korean ginseng berries. In this study, crude Korean ginseng berries polysaccharides (GBP) were isolated and their immunomodulatory activities were investigated using cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressive BALB/c mice. In CY-treated mice, oral administration of GBP (50-500 mg/kg BW) remarkably increased their spleen sizes and spleen indices and activated NK cell activities. GBP also resulted in the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes (coordinating with ConA: plant mitogen which is known to stimulate T-cell or LPS: endotoxin which binds receptor complex in B cells to promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GBP significantly stimulated mRNA expression levels of immune-associated genes including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in CY-treated mice. These results indicate that GBP is involved in immune effects against CY-induced immunosuppression. Thus, GBP could be developed as an immunomodulation agent for medicinal or functional food application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Nam
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongUn Choi
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaiwat Monmai
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Weerawan Rod-in
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - A-yeong Jang
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea,Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea,Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-33-640-2857 Fax: +82-33-640-2850 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang C, Li C, Shao Q, Wang X, Chen W, Li Y, Huang S, Ma Y. Effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth, serum biochemistry, immunity, and egg laying in quail. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-9. [PMID: 34686116 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1979024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, immunity, and egg laying in female quail. 300 1-day-old female quail were sorted into four dietary treatments with five replicate cages of 15 birds each. The basic diet in the four treatment groups was supplemented with 0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg GCP, and the experiment continued for 80 days. Results showed that dietary supplementation with GCP significantly (p < 0.05) increased average daily gain in a dose-dependent fashion, and decreased (p < 0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio and mortality. The relative weights of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius increased (p < 0.05) linearly with increasing dose of GCP from 0 to 1500 mg/kg on day 20. GCP birds showed higher serum levels of protein, glucose, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M, but lower serum triglycerides (p < 0.05) on day 50. GCP increased (p < 0.05) average laying rate and average egg weight linearly from days 60 to 80, whereas feed to egg ratio was decreased (p < 0.05). Taken together, these results revealed that GCP could improve growth performance, serum biochemistry, immunity, and egg laying in female quail. Therefore, GCP may be a potential replacement for antibiotic growth promoters in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Chenxu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Qi Shao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxiao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun Y, Zhang Z, Cheng L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang R, Weng P, Wu Z. Polysaccharides confer benefits in immune regulation and multiple sclerosis by interacting with gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110675. [PMID: 34600677 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological and clinical studies have consistently demonstrated that polysaccharides exhibit great potential on immune regulation. Polysaccharides can interact directly or indirectly with the immune system, triggering cell-cell communication and molecular recognition, leading to immunostimulatory responses. Gut microbiota is adept at foraging polysaccharides as energy sources and confers benefits in the context of immunity and chronic autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis. A compelling set of interconnectedness between the gut microbiota, natural polysaccharides, and immune regulation has emerged. In this review, we highlighted the available avenues supporting the existence of these interactions, with a focus on cytokines-mediated and SCFAs-mediated pathways. Additionally, the neuroimmune mechanisms for gut microbiota communication with the brain in multiple sclerosis are also discussed, which will lay the ground for ameliorate multiple sclerosis via polysaccharide intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Zhepeng Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang R, Ma C, Wei Y, Wang X, Jia J, Li J, Li K, Cao G, Yang P. Isolation, purification, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities, and combined action of Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:119-131. [PMID: 33905802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides, as the main component and an important bioactive substance of Hedyotis diffusa, are effective immunomodulators with various pharmacological activities, including antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fatigue and immunity-enhancing activities. The total polysaccharides extracted from Hedyotis diffusa and Scutellaria barbata have great effects in treating liver cancer, gastric cancer, rectal cancer, glioma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Moreover, different materials and extraction methods result in differences in the structure and bioactivity of Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides. Therefore, this paper summarizes the isolation, purification, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities, and combined action of Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides to provide a reference for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chuanjiang Ma
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yongli Wei
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ji Li
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guangshang Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Peimin Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang YJ, Wan DL, Li QM, Zha XQ, Luo JP. Structural characteristics and immunostimulatory activities of a new polysaccharide from Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. Food Funct 2021; 12:3057-3068. [PMID: 33710189 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03336g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new polysaccharide (cDFP-W1) with high immunostimulatory activities was isolated from the stems of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. The analysis of the physicochemical properties showed that cDFP-W1 consisted of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 1 : 3.84, and its relative molecular weight was 4.0 × 104 Da. Structural analysis implied that the linear backbone of cDFP-W1 was composed of α-1,4-d-Glcp, β-1,4-d-Manp, 3-O-acetyl-α-1,4-d-Glcp and α-1,4,6-d-Glcp, and its branches were the terminal β-d-Manp that was attached to the C-6 position of α-1,4,6-d-Glcp. An in vivo immunostimulatory assay exhibited that cDFP-W1 at 200 mg kg-1 could significantly increase the proportions of CD4+ T-cell subpopulations, B cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, decrease the proportion of CD8+ T-cell subpopulations, and upregulate the percentage of activated macrophages (p < 0.01) in the spleen of mice. An in vitro immunostimulatory assay revealed that cDFP-W1 could effectively promote the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes, enhance the proliferation and phagocytosis of macrophage RAW264.7 cells, and stimulate the mRNA expression and extracellular release of NO, TNF-α and IL-1β of RAW264.7 cells. The western blot experiment suggested that the immunostimulatory activities of cDFP-W1 were closely related to the activation of MAPKs, NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ligacheva AA, Sherstoboev EY, Danilets MG, Trofimova ES, Krivoshchekov SV, Gur'ev AM, Bulgakov TV, Kudashkina NV, Miroshnichenko AG, Belousov MV. Study of Immunotropic Properties of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Isolated from Conium maculatum Grass. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 170:203-206. [PMID: 33263855 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-05033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Addition of water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from Conium maculatum L. to the mouse peritoneal macrophage culture induces classical activation of antigen-presenting cells due to an increase in NO synthase activity and a decrease in arginase expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Ligacheva
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Yu Sherstoboev
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - M G Danilets
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E S Trofimova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S V Krivoshchekov
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A M Gur'ev
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T V Bulgakov
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russia
| | - N V Kudashkina
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russia
| | - A G Miroshnichenko
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M V Belousov
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fan R, Zhu C, Qiu D, Mao G, Zeng J. Activation of RAW264.7 macrophages by an acidic polysaccharide derived from Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1323-1329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
20
|
M1 Polarization but Anti-LPS-Induced Inflammation and Anti-MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Growth Effects of Five Selected Polysaccharides. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9450246. [PMID: 32308723 PMCID: PMC7132352 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9450246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Five potential polysaccharides from guava seed (GSPS), common buckwheat (CBPS), bitter buckwheat (BBPS), red Formosa lambsquarters (RFLPS), and yellow Formosa lambsquarters (YFLPS) were selected to measure their effects on mouse peritoneal macrophages in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Macrophage-conditioned media (MCM) in the absence or presence of 5 selected polysaccharides were prepared to treat MCF-7 cells. The cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-diphenyl)-2,5-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Proinflammatory (also known as M1 type) (interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α) and anti-inflammatory (also known as M2 type) (IL-10) cytokines secreted by macrophages were determined using ELISA. The relationship between MCF-7 cell growth and M1/M2 cytokine secretion profiles in the corresponding MCM were delineated. The results showed that 5 selected polysaccharides, except BBPS, significantly (P < 0.05) and dose-dependently increased M1 (IL-1β + IL-6 + TNF-α)/M2 (IL-10) cytokine secretion ratios by macrophages in the absence of LPS, suggesting that four selected polysaccharides have M1 polarization property. However, all of 5 selected polysaccharides significantly (P < 0.05) decreased proinflammatory (IL-1β + IL-6 + TNF-α)/anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated macrophages, exhibiting that all of the 5 selected polysaccharides, particularly GSPS, have anti-inflammatory potential. All MCM prepared with these selected polysaccharides (except YFLPS) significantly enhanced their inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cell growth. A negative correlation was noted between MCF-7 cell viabilities and M1/M2 cytokine secretion ratios ((IL-6 + TNF-α)/IL-10) in the corresponding MCM, suggesting that increases in M1 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment might inhibit MCF-7 cell growth. Particular polysaccharides including RFLPS, GSPS, YFLPS, and CBPS may increase the percentage of M1 macrophages in the tumor environment and further inhibit MCF-7 cell growth via immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
21
|
Taishan Pinus Massoniana pollen polysaccharide inhibits the replication of acute tumorigenic ALV-J and its associated tumor growth. Vet Microbiol 2019; 236:108376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
22
|
Kim JC, Jeon JY, Yang WS, Kim CH, Eom DW. Combined Amelioration of Ginsenoside (Rg1, Rb1, and Rg3)-enriched Korean Red Ginseng and Probiotic Lactobacillus on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:222-231. [PMID: 30854954 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190311143554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red ginseng is a traditional medicine that has been used to treat numerous metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Probiotic administration has been established to have beneficial effects in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether a combination of Korean red ginseng (KRG) and probiotics could synergistically reduce NAFLD and liver inflammation compared with the effects reported for each individual product. METHOD db/db and C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet and high-fat diet (HFD), respectively, and were treated with KRG, probiotics, or both. Samples were examined for lipid content, kinase protein phosphorylation, and gene expression patterns. RESULTS KRG- and probiotic-treated HFD-fed mice exhibited a reduction in body weight and a decrease in inflammatory cytokine secretion compared with the non-treated control mice. The same treatment was less successful in improving NAFLD parameters in the db/db mice while the combination of both products did not enhance their therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that KRG and probiotics administration ameliorated NAFLD symptoms in a mouse model of dyslipidemia by reducing weight gain and liver inflammation. Coadministration of both products did not enhance their efficacy, and further research should be conducted to clarify their mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chul Kim
- Natural Product Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Joo-Yeong Jeon
- Natural Product Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea
| | | | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Kyungki-do, Korea
| | - Dae-Woon Eom
- Department of Pathology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ding L, Cheng P, Wang L, Hu J, Zhang YX, Cai GW, Huang GY, Gao S. The protective effects of polysaccharide extract from Xin-Ji-Er-Kang formula on Ang II-induced HUVECs injury, L-NAME-induced hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:127. [PMID: 31196042 PMCID: PMC6567637 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) is a Chinese herbal formula, which has been reported to exert effective protection against cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and myocarditis. Methods Cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) and different concentrations of aqueous layer extracts (AqE). Subsequently nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression levels were detected. In addition, fifty Kunming mice were randomized into control, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), L-NAME+AqE, L-NAME+XJEK and L-NAME+fosinopril treatment groups. Following 8 weeks of treatment, the cardiac hemodynamic index was measured, relaxation of the aorta was examined and pathological changes were observed. Colorimetric analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to determine the relevant indicators in plasma and cardiac tissues. Results The in vitro study results demonstrated that AqE could preserve endothelial function (NO, 21.05 ± 2.03 vs. 8.64 ± 0.59; eNOS, 1.08 ± 0.17 vs.0.73 ± 0.06). In addition, the in vivo results demonstrated that compared with the control group, treatment with AqE could enhance a high hemodynamic state (left ventricular systolic pressure, 116.76 ± 9.96 vs.114.5 ± 15.16), improve endothelial function (NO, 7.98 ± 9.64 vs. 1.66 ± 3.11; eNOS, 19.78 ± 3.18 vs.19.38 ± 3.85), suppress oxidative stress (OS) (superoxide dismutase, 178.17 ± 13.78 vs. 159.38 ± 18.86; malondialdehyde, 0.77 ± 0.13 vs.1.25 ± 0.36) and reverse cardiovascular remodeling. Conclusion Polysaccharide from XJEK exerts protective effects against Ang II-induced injury in HUVECs and L-NAME-induced hypertension in mice and the underlying mechanism may be attributed to improving endothelial dysfunction, OS and the inflammation status in mice.
Collapse
|
24
|
A polysaccharide found in Paulownia fortunei flowers can enhance cellular and humoral immunity in chickens. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:213-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
25
|
Rong Y, Yang R, Yang Y, Wen Y, Liu S, Li C, Hu Z, Cheng X, Li W. Structural characterization of an active polysaccharide of longan and evaluation of immunological activity. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 213:247-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
26
|
Yin M, Zhang Y, Li H. Advances in Research on Immunoregulation of Macrophages by Plant Polysaccharides. Front Immunol 2019; 10:145. [PMID: 30804942 PMCID: PMC6370632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are among the most important members of the biopolymer family. They are natural macromolecules composed of monosaccharides. To date, more than 300 kinds of natural polysaccharide compounds have been identified. They are present in plants, animals, and microorganisms, and they engage in a variety of physiological functions. In the 1950s, due to the discovery of their immunoregulatory and anti-tumor activities, polysaccharides became a popular topic of research in pharmacology, especially in immunopharmacology. Plants are an important source of natural polysaccharides. Pharmacological and clinical studies have shown that plant polysaccharides have many functions, such as immune regulation, anti-tumor activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-viral functions, anti-radiation functions, and a hypoglycaemic effect. The immunomodulatory effects of plant polysaccharides have received much attention. Polysaccharides with these effects are also referred to as biological response modifiers (BRMs), and research on them is one of the most active areas of polysaccharide research. Thus, we summarize immunomodulatory effects of botanical polysaccharides isolated from different species of plants on the macrophage. The primary effect of botanical polysaccharides is to enhance and/or activate macrophage immune responses, including increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and enhancing secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Therefore, it is believed that botanical polysaccharides have significant therapeutic potential, and represent a new method for discovery and development of novel immunomodulatory medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Laminarin enhances the activity of natural killer cells in immunosuppressed mice. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:357-363. [PMID: 32140046 PMCID: PMC7050051 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.92784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of laminarin on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity of immunosuppressive mice and its mechanism. Cyclophosphamide (cy) was used to make an immunosuppressive model of mice. The mice of two groups were given interventions by gavage with laminarin 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg every day for 10 days. MACS was adopted to isolate spleen NK cells, and cytotoxicity of NK cells and IL-12, IFN-γ level in serum were detected in vivo. Cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells, activating receptors (NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 and NKG2D) and perforin and granzyme B expression were detected in vitro. Compared to the normal control group, the cytotoxicity of NK cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ level in serum in the cy model group were all reduced significantly (p < 0.01). Compared to the cy model group, laminarin increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels in serum significantly (p < 0.05). In vitro, laminarin increased the cytotoxicity, NKp30 and NKG2D, perforin and granzyme B expressions of NK92-MI cells (p < 0.01). This research showed that laminarin can promote NK cell cytotoxicity in immunosuppressive mice by increasing the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in serum and expressions of NKp30 and NKG2D, perforin and granzyme B.
Collapse
|
28
|
Study on the immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from the lichen Umbilicaria Esculenta. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:846-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Isolation, Characterization and Antitumor Effect on DU145 Cells of a Main Polysaccharide in Pollen of Chinese Wolfberry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102430. [PMID: 30248961 PMCID: PMC6222688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern studies have shown that pollen has a certain role in the treatment of prostate-related diseases. In the present study, pollen polysaccharides from Chinese wolfberry (WPPs) were extracted by hot-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, further purified by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and Sephadex G-100 column. Homogeneous polysaccharide CF1 of WPPS was obtained, the molecular weight of which was estimated to be 1540.10 ± 48.78 kDa by HPGPC-ELSD. HPLC with PMP derivatization analysis indicated that the monosaccharide compositions of CF1 were mannose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and trehalose, in a molar ratio of 0.68:0.59:0.27:0.24:0.22:0.67:0.08. The antitumor effects of CF1 upon MTT, Tunel assay and flow cytometry assay were investigated in vitro. The results showed that CF1 exhibited a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect, with an IC50 value of 374.11 μg/mL against DU145 prostate cancer cells. Tunel assay and flow cytometry assay showed that the antitumor activity of CF1 was related to apoptosis in vitro. The present study suggested that the CF1 of WPPs might be a potential source of antitumor functional food or agent.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bading Taika B, Bouckandou M, Souza A, Bourobou Bourobou HP, MacKenzie LS, Lione L. An overview of anti-diabetic plants used in Gabon: Pharmacology and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:203-228. [PMID: 29305175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The management of diabetes mellitus management in African communities, especially in Gabon, is not well established as more than 60% of population rely on traditional treatments as primary healthcare. The aim of this review was to collect and present the scientific evidence for the use of medicinal plants that are in currect by Gabonese traditional healers to manage diabetes or hyperglycaemia based here on the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of plants with anti-diabetic activity. There are presented in order to promote their therapeutic value, ensure a safer use by population and provide some bases for further study on high potential plants reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical studies were sourced using databases such as Online Wiley library, Pubmed, Google Scholar, PROTA, books and unpublished data including Ph.D. and Master thesis, African and Asian journals. Keywords including 'Diabetes', 'Gabon', 'Toxicity', 'Constituents', 'hyperglycaemia' were used. RESULTS A total of 69 plants currently used in Gabon with potential anti-diabetic activity have been identified in the literature, all of which have been used in in vivo or in vitro studies. Most of the plants have been studied in human or animal models for their ability to reduce blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion or inhibit carbohydrates enzymes. Active substances have been identified in 12 out of 69 plants outlined in this review, these include Allium cepa and Tabernanthe iboga. Only eight plants have their active substances tested for anti-diabetic activity and are suitables for further investigation. Toxicological data is scarce and is dose-related to the functional parameters of major organs such as kidney and liver. CONCLUSION An in-depth understanding on the pharmacology and toxicology of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is lacking yet there is a great scope for new treatments. With further research, the use of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is important to ensure the safety of the diabetic patients in Gabon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Bading Taika
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK; IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon.
| | - M Bouckandou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - A Souza
- Institut National Supérieur d'Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Franceville, Gabon
| | - H P Bourobou Bourobou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - L S MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - L Lione
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
LU XX, JIANG YF, LI H, OU YY, ZHANG ZD, DI HY, CHEN DF, ZHANG YY. Polymyxin B as an inhibitor of lipopolysaccharides contamination of herb crude polysaccharides in mononuclear cells. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:487-494. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
32
|
Suszko A, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B. Effects of polysaccharide fractions isolated from Caltha palustris L. on the activity of phagocytic cells & humoral immune response in mice with collagen-induced arthritis: A comparison with methotrexate. Indian J Med Res 2017. [PMID: 28639600 PMCID: PMC5501056 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_704_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The extracts from Caltha palustris L. have been shown to be beneficial for treating arthritis and rheumatism. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharide fractions B and C of C. palustris extracts were studied, using the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse arthritis experimental model. The aim was to determine the activity of blood phagocytic cells and humoral immune response in CIA mice treated with polysaccharide fractions from C. palustris. METHODS The effects of fractions B and C of C. palustris were explored by evaluating phagocytic activity of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes and humoral immune response in sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-immunized mice. The results were compared with methotrexate (MTX) treatment. Following the onset of CIA, DBA/1J mice were treated for 21 days with B or C fractions (10 mg/kg; i.p.) or MTX (every 48 h, 6.6 mg/kg; i.p.). RESULTS The results showed that fraction B reduced the level of interleukin (IL)-1β, boosted nitric oxide synthesis in murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide and enhanced the monocyte phagocytic activity. Exposure of SRBC-immunized mice to fraction B and MTX during the course of CIA resulted in decreased total anti-SRBC haemagglutinin titres. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Fraction B of C. palustris polysaccharides modulated macrophage function and exerted beneficial effects on the clinical course of CIA in mice. The results also suggested efficacy of fraction B was comparable to that of MTX treatment for certain parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Suszko
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao C, Li X, Miao J, Jing S, Li X, Huang L, Gao W. The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:847-856. [PMID: 28404222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their activities in vitro of DHP were compared. Experimental results showed that HWE had the highest yield and large molecular weight. CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. The molecular weight of UAE was small, and its RP and FRAP activity were the best. Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. According the correlation analysis, it showed that the more uronic acid and the lower molecular weight was, the higher the antioxidant activity was. The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jing Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Songsong Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang A, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhao G, Yang X, Wang D, Wang B. Adjuvant-active aqueous extracts from Artemisia rupestris L. improve immune responses through TLR4 signaling pathway. Vaccine 2017; 35:1037-1045. [PMID: 28111143 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activating innate immunity by an adjuvant is required in vaccine development. The study aims to investigate adjuvant effects of aqueous extracts of Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR) in vivo and in vitro. ICR mice were subcutaneously administered with antigen and AEAR at various doses to evaluate their immune responses of antibodies, dendritic cells (DCs), regulatory T cells (Treg), splenic lymphocyte, and cytokine. The evaluation results showed that AEAR could largely increase titers of antigen-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) and T cell proliferation. AEAR also increased expression of IFN-γ in CD8+T cells as well as IL-4 and INF-γ expression in CD4+T cells. Expression levels of MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 on DCs were significantly elevated, whereas the Treg frequency was significantly decreased. AEAR (200μg) showed remarkable adjuvant activity. Furthermore, AEAR enhanced MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 expression as well as the yields of TNF-α and IL-12 on DCs through toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) in vitro. Those results indicated that AEAR could serve as an efficacious immune stimulator for vaccines because it significantly enhanced specific immune responses by promoting DCs maturation and reduced Treg through TLR4 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiumei Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Qi B, Wang S, Wang Q, Zhang H, Bai XY, He HN, Sun WJ, Liu L, Zhao DQ. Characterization and immunostimulating effects on murine peritoneal macrophages of a novel protein isolated from Panax quinquefolius L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:700-705. [PMID: 27742408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax quinquefolius L. has been used as a proverbial tonic in oriental countries for hundreds of years. It is used as a traditional medicinal herb to nourish vitality. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of our study was to inquiry the activation effects on murine peritoneal macrophages of a novel protein separated from the roots of Panax quinquefolius L. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our work, a novel protein of the roots of American ginseng (AGNP) was separated and purified from the roots of Panax quinquefolius L. The characteristic was investigated with SDS-PAGE, high pressure gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass (MALDI-TOF-MS) spectrometry method. The method of neutral red was carried out to investigate the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages. And Griess method and colorimetry were executed to detect the level of nitric oxide and iNOS activity respectively. Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the subunit molecular weight of AGNP determined by SDS-PAGE was 15kD and the content of proteins determined by Bradford assay was 2.31mg/mL. The molecular weight of the AGNP was15, 114Da both of electrophoresis and MS purity. And the result of HPGFC showed that the molecular weight of AGNP was 31,086Da, Immunological studied indicated that AGNP could conspicuously increase phagocytosis of macrophages, facilitate the nitric oxide production, Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production. What is more, AGNP dose-dependently stimulated NO formation through the up-regulation of iNOS activity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, AGNP had good immunoregulatory effects supporting the traditional claims and may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy to promoting immune function and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qi
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - He Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Bai
- Center of Chinese Medicine and Bio-Engineering Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hui-Nan He
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Wei-Jie Sun
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Pharmacy,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Da-Qing Zhao
- Center of Chinese Medicine and Bio-Engineering Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Su ZJ, Yang J, Luo WJ, Wei YY, Shuai XH, Hu TJ. Inhibitory effect of Sophora subprosrate polysaccharide on mitochondria oxidative stress induced by PCV-2 infection in RAW264.7 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:608-617. [PMID: 27908718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the inhibitory effect of Sophora subprosrate polysaccharide (SSP) on PCV-2-induced mitochondrial respiratory burst in RAW264.7 cells was first investigated. The findings suggested that SOD activity and the anti-superoxide anion radical activity of the RAW264.7 cells were significantly decreased after PCV-2 infection, and MnSOD mRNA levels were significantly decreased, while NOX2 mRNA levels and protein expression were increased. Meanwhile, the O2•- levels and mitochondrial membrane potentials were significantly increased. After treatment with SSP, significant increases in the activities of SOD, anti-superoxide anion radical activities, and MnSOD mRNA levels in the PCV-2 infected cells were observed. Meanwhile, significant increases in NOX2 mRNA levels and protein expression, O2•- levels and mitochondrial membrane potentials were also observed. The results showed that PCV2 infection resulted in the mitochondria oxidative stress of RAW264.7 cells as indicated by an increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, which was then inhibited by SSP. It was concluded that RAW264.7 cells treated with SSP could suffer from mitochondrial damage, which may be mediated by the inhibition of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China
| | - Ying-Yi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China
| | - Xue-Hong Shuai
- Veterinary Department of Rongchang Campuses, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Ting-Jun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Boniface PK, Ferreira SB, Kaiser CR. Recent trends in phytochemistry, ethnobotany and pharmacological significance of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Muell. Arg. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:216-244. [PMID: 27296085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) (A. cordifolia) is widely distributed throughout tropical Africa, where it is used extensively in traditional medicine. Conditions for which the plant has enjoyed wide use are: coughs, gonorrhoea, infertility, prostatitis, bacterial infections, diarrhoea, ulcers, pain, inflammation, fever and bronchial troubles. This review summarizes the achievements of the investigations in traditional uses, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicological profile of A. cordifolia; this review also describes the shortcomings of studies on this herbal drug and thus serves as the basis of further scientific research and development of this traditional herbal drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. cordifolia-related information was collected from various resources including published articles in peer-reviewed journals, unpublished materials, textbooks, government survey reports and scientific databases such as Scifinder®, Pubmed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, ACS, Scielo, Web of Science and other web search instruments (Google, Yahoo), published on the subject from 1950 to 2016. 'The Plant List' (www.theplantlist.org) and 'Kew Royal Botanic Gardens' (mpns.kew.org) were used to validate the scientific name of the plant. RESULTS The literature revealed several reports on traditional uses, biological activities, chemical constituents and toxicological evaluation of A. cordifolia. The phytochemical information indicates identification of 95 compounds including fatty acids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, which exhibited various pharmacological activities such as wound healing, anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulation, antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, antiplasmodial and anxiolytic. However, there are still significant gaps in the completeness of our understanding of A. cordifolia bioactivity, therapeutic value, and roles played by each of the numerous phytoconstituents. CONCLUSIONS The present review indicated that A. cordifolia is a valuable medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological effects. However, further research on the pharmacological mechanism of action of this plant is recommended in order to unravel the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical relevance and toxicity of its extracts as well as constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pone Kamdem Boniface
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21949-900, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Baptista Ferreira
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roland Kaiser
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21949-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yu XH, Liu Y, Wu XL, Liu LZ, Fu W, Song DD. Isolation, purification, characterization and immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides derived from American ginseng. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 156:9-18. [PMID: 27842857 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, crude American ginseng polysaccharide (AGPS) was extracted with hot water and preliminarily purified by using resin S-8 and Polyamide columns. Then, it was further purified and separated by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, respectively. Five main fractions were obtained, named WPS-1, WPS-2, SPS-1, SPS-2 and SPS-3. Their homogeneities and structural characteristics were elucidated based on UV-vis spectroscopy, High Performance Gel Filtration Chromatography (HPGFC), Gas Chromatography (GC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Infrared Spectrum (IR), and NMR Spectroscopy methods. Furthermore, the immunostimulatory effects of these fractions upon splenic lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) production, were investigated in vitro. The results indicated that their stimulations could be ordered as SPS-3>SPS-1>CPS (crude polysaccharides)>WPS-1>WPS-2>SPS-2. Among them, SPS-3 showed more potent immunomodulatory activity and could be explored as a potential immunopotentiating agent for use in functional food or medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Yu
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - Xian-Ling Wu
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - Li-Zhai Liu
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Song
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Baldé AM, Traoré MS, Baldé MA, Barry MS, Diallo A, Camara M, Traoré S, Kouyaté M, Traoré S, Ouo-Ouo S, Myanthé AL, Keita N, Haba NL, Goumou K, Bah F, Camara A, Diallo MST, Sylla M, Baldé ES, Diané S, Pieters L, Oularé K. Ethnomedical and ethnobotanical investigations on the response capacities of Guinean traditional health practioners in the management of outbreaks of infectious diseases: The case of the Ebola virus epidemic. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 182:137-149. [PMID: 26900129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The recent outbreak of Ebola virus infections has mostly remained confined to the West African countries Guinea-Conakry, Sierra-Leone and Liberia. Due to intense national and international mobilizations, a significant reduction in Ebola virus transmission has been recorded. While international efforts focus on new vaccines, medicines and diagnostics, no coherent national or international approach exists to integrate the potential of the traditional health practitioners (THPs) in the management of infectious diseases epidemics. Nevertheless, the first contact of most of the Ebola infected patients is with the THPs since the symptoms are similar to those of common traditionally treated diseases or symptoms such as malaria, hemorrhagic syndrome, typhoid or other gastrointestinal diseases, fever and vomiting. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an ethnomedical survey conducted in the 4 main Guinean regions contacts were established with a total of 113 THPs. The socio-demographic characteristics, the professional status and the traditional perception of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) were recorded. RESULTS The traditional treatment of the main symptoms was based on 47 vegetal recipes which were focused on the treatment of diarrhea (22 recipes), fever (22 recipes), vomiting (2 recipes), external antiseptic (2 recipes), hemorrhagic syndrome (2 recipes), convulsion and dysentery (one recipe each). An ethnobotanical survey led to the collection of 54 plant species from which 44 identified belonging to 26 families. The most represented families were Euphorbiaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Rubiaceae. Literature data on the twelve most cited plant species tends to corroborate their traditional use and to highlight their pharmacological potential. CONCLUSIONS It is worth to document all available knowledge on the traditional management of EVD-like symptoms in order to evaluate systematically the anti-Ebola potential of Guinean plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Baldé
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea.
| | - M S Traoré
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - M A Baldé
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - M S Barry
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
| | - A Diallo
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - M Camara
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - S Traoré
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - M Kouyaté
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - S Traoré
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - S Ouo-Ouo
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - A L Myanthé
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - N Keita
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
| | - N L Haba
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
| | - K Goumou
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
| | - F Bah
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
| | - A Camara
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - M S T Diallo
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - M Sylla
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - E S Baldé
- Département de Pharmacie, Facultéde Médecine - Pharmacie - Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Guinea
| | - S Diané
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea
| | - L Pieters
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - K Oularé
- Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) de Dubréka, Guinea; Faculté des Sciences, Université Julius Nyéréréde Kankan, Guinea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Noundou XS, Krause RWM, van Vuuren SF, Ndinteh DT, Olivier DK. Antibacterial effects of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. and Thonn.) Müll. Arg extracts and compounds on gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary tract pathogens. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:76-82. [PMID: 26724423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves, stems and roots of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. and Thonn.) Müll. Arg. are used as traditional medicine in many African countries for the management of gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tract infections as well as for the treatment of wounds. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of leaves and stems of A. cordifolia on gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary tract pathogens and to identify the compounds in the extracts that may be responsible for this activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antibacterial activities of crude extracts [hexane, chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH) and water (H2O)] as well as pure compounds isolated from these extracts were evaluated by means of the micro-dilution assay against four Gram-positive bacteria, i.e. Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and S. saprophyticus ATCC 15305, as well as four Gram-negative bacterial strains, i.e. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Moraxella catarrhalis ATCC 23246 and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 43071. The isolation of the active constituents was undertaken by bio-autographic assays in conjunction with chromatographic techniques. The identification and characterisation of the isolated compounds were done using mass spectrometry (MS) and Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR) as well as 1D- and 2D- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. RESULTS The leaves and stems of A. cordifolia exhibited varied antibacterial activity against all eight pathogens. Most of the MIC values ranged between 63 and 2000µg/ml. The highest activities for the crude extracts (63µg/ml) were observed against S. saprophyticus [stem (EtOAc, CHCl3 and hexane), leaves (MeOH, EtOH, EtOAc and CHCl3)], E. coli [stem (MeOH and EtOH), leaves (MeOH, EtOH, EtOAc and CHCl3)], M. catarrhalis [leaves (EtOAc and CHCl3)], K. pneumoniae [stem (CHCl3), leaves (CHCl3)] and S. aureus [leaves (CHCl3)]. Seven constituents [stigmasterol (1), stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (2), friedelin (3), friedelane-3-one-28-al (4), 3-O-acetyl-aleuritolic acid (5), 3-O-acetyl-erythrodiol (6) and methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate) (7)] were isolated from the stem MeOH extract. All these compounds displayed some antibacterial activity against the eight pathogens with highest activity against S. saprophyticus (2µg/ml). Furthermore, this is the first report of compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 isolated from A. cordifolia and where a complete set of 2D-NMR data for fridelane-3-one-28-al (4) is presented. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that the antibacterial activities of A. cordifolia extracts may be due to the presence of the seven isolated compounds, where compounds 3-6 showed the best activity. The observed activity against gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary tract pathogens supports the traditional use for the treatment of such ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Siwe Noundou
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - R W M Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - S F van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - D Tantoh Ndinteh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - D K Olivier
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cui H, Li T, Wang L, Su Y, Xian CJ. Dioscorea bulbifera polysaccharide and cyclophosphamide combination enhances anti-cervical cancer effect and attenuates immunosuppression and oxidative stress in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 5:19185. [PMID: 26753518 PMCID: PMC4709656 DOI: 10.1038/srep19185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is commonly used in cancer chemotherapy, which causes immunosuppression and tissue oxidative stress at high doses. As potential protective agents, some polysaccharides were shown to have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and/or anti-oxidant properties. This study explored potential effects of oral treatment of Dioscorea bulbifera polysaccharides (DBLP at 100 or 150 mg/kg) in U14 cervical tumor-bearing mice treated with CTX (25 mg/kg). While CTX suppressed tumor growth (65.4% inhibition) and DBLP alone also inhibited tumor (25.6% at 100 mg/kg or 37.6% at 150 mg/kg), CTX+DBLP combination produced tumor inhibition rates of 5.6 (for 100 mg/kg DBLP) or 9% (for 150 mg/kg) higher than CTX alone. While tumor itself and CTX treatment reduced thymus and/or spleen/body weight indices, DBLP alone or CTX + DBLP combination attenuated this reduction. DBLP lowered peripheral blood T-cell subpopulation CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and DBLP+CTX combination attenuated CTX effect in lifting CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Tumor itself and CTX treatment heightened oxidative stress (with decreased superoxide dismutase but increased lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels in serum and tissues), which was attenuated by DBLP treatment, and DBLP+CTX combination suppressed CTX-induced oxidative stress. Combination use of DBLP with CTX can potentially enhance CTX anti-tumor effect and can attenuate CTX-induced immunosuppression and oxidative stress in U14 cervical tumor-bearing mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Cui
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Yan Su
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fang Q, Wang JF, Zha XQ, Cui SH, Cao L, Luo JP. Immunomodulatory activity on macrophage of a purified polysaccharide extracted from Laminaria japonica. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:66-73. [PMID: 26428101 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel water-soluble homogeneous polysaccharide (LJP-31) with a molecular mass of 2.24 × 10(6) Da was isolated and purified from Laminaria japonica using DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S500 chromatography. Results showed that LJP-31 mainly consists of arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.0:7.8:6.6:0.8. LJP-31 exhibited significant stimulation on macrophages and enhanced the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 as well as the up-regulation of their gene expressions. Western blot analysis suggested that LJP-31 has the positive effects on the translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus and the phosphorylation of IκBα, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and P38 in macrophages. Flow cytometric and confocal laser-scanning microscopy analysis indicated that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was at least one of the recognition receptors of LJP-31 on the plasma membrane of macrophages. Taken together, LJP-31 may exert its immunostimulating potency via TLR4 activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China
| | - Jing-Fei Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China.
| | - Shao-Hua Cui
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China
| | - Lei Cao
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Boudjeko T, Megnekou R, Woguia AL, Kegne FM, Ngomoyogoli JEK, Tchapoum CDN, Koum O. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides from Allanblackia floribunda Oliv stem bark and Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and H.E. Robins leaves. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:759. [PMID: 26651330 PMCID: PMC4673734 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many plant polysaccharides have shown high antioxidant and immunostimulating properties and can be explored as novel molecules with biological properties that can potentially improve immune function. The objective of this work was to characterize soluble and cell wall polysaccharides isolated from the stem bark of Allanblackia floribunda and Chromolaena odorata leaves and to evaluate their antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. METHODS Three polysaccharide fractions: soluble polysaccharides (PoS), pectins (Pec) and hemicelluloses (Hem) were extracted from A. floribunda stem bark and C. odorata leaves. These samples were analysed for their proteins, phenolic compounds and total sugar contents. The monosaccharide composition was determined by gas chromatography and arabinogalactan proteins content in PoS was evaluated by rocket electrophoresis. The in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-éthylbenzylthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays and ferrous ions chelating activity. Immunomodulatory activities were performed on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using proliferation and enzyme linked immunospot (ELISPOT) method to determine the production of an interferon-gamma. RESULTS The characterization of the various fractions showed varied metabolites in each plant. In PoS fractions, Ara and Gal were the major monosaccharides found, indicating that arabinogalactans are the primary macromolecules. Hem fractions contained predominantly Xyl and GalA for A. floribunda and Xyl (upto 80 %) for and C. odorata. A. floribunda Hem fraction and C. odorata PoS fraction showed significant DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and immunostimulatory activity via stimulation of PBMC and production of IFN-γ in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this study support the ethnomedicinal use of the stem bark of A. floribunda and leaves of C. odorata. Further research is necessary to have supporting evidence that the antioxidative and immunomodulative activities of these fractions are really connected to the polysaccharides and not polyphenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaddée Boudjeko
- Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorisation of Plants Resources, Biotechnology Centre-Nkolbisson, P.O. Box 3851, Messa, Yaounde, Cameroon.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Rosette Megnekou
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Alice Louise Woguia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Francine Mediesse Kegne
- Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorisation of Plants Resources, Biotechnology Centre-Nkolbisson, P.O. Box 3851, Messa, Yaounde, Cameroon.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Judith Emery Kanemoto Ngomoyogoli
- Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorisation of Plants Resources, Biotechnology Centre-Nkolbisson, P.O. Box 3851, Messa, Yaounde, Cameroon.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Christiane Danielle Nounga Tchapoum
- Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorisation of Plants Resources, Biotechnology Centre-Nkolbisson, P.O. Box 3851, Messa, Yaounde, Cameroon.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Olga Koum
- Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorisation of Plants Resources, Biotechnology Centre-Nkolbisson, P.O. Box 3851, Messa, Yaounde, Cameroon.
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zha XQ, Lu CQ, Cui SH, Pan LH, Zhang HL, Wang JH, Luo JP. Structural identification and immunostimulating activity of a Laminaria japonica polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:429-38. [PMID: 25934106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a new water-soluble polysaccharide (LJP-11) was obtained from Laminaria japonica by anion exchange DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Sephacryl S-500 chromatography. The average molecular weight of this polysaccharide was estimated to be about 2.89×10(6) Da by high performance liquid chromatography system. Gas chromatography showed that LJP-11 was composed of arabinose, mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 1.0:1.16:6.33. LJP-11 contains a long backbone consisting of (1→4)-β-D-GlcpAc, (1→4)-α-D-Glcp, (1→6)-β-D-Glcp and (1→3,6)-α-D-Manp. The 1-linked β-L-Araf was linked to the C-6 of (1→3)-α-D-Manp and the sulfate group was attached to the C-4 of (1→6)-β-D-Glcp. Pharmacological tests displayed that LJP-11 can stimulate macrophages to release NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 as well as the up-regulation of their gene expressions, indicating LJP-11 has beneficial effects on immunostimulation. Moreover, LJP-11 exhibited positive effects on the translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus and the phosphorylation of IκBα, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and P38 in macrophages. These results suggested that the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways is one of the mechanisms responsible for the immunostimulating activity of LJP-11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Chao-Qun Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shao-Hua Cui
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Li-Hua Pan
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jun-Hui Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fan Y, Ma X, Zhang J, Ma L, Gao Y, Zhang W, Song X, Hou W, Guo C, Tong D. Ophiopogon polysaccharide liposome can enhance the non-specific and specific immune response in chickens. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 119:219-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
46
|
Li F, Cui SH, Zha XQ, Bansal V, Jiang YL, Asghar MN, Wang JH, Pan LH, Xu BF, Luo JP. Structure and bioactivity of a polysaccharide extracted from protocorm-like bodies of Dendrobium huoshanense. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:664-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
47
|
Wu Y, Wang X, Fan E. Extraction, Structure, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Fructus. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
48
|
Immunomodulatory activity of heparan sulfate mimetics from Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:643-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
49
|
Immunoregulatory effects of Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide on chicks co-infected with avian leukosis virus and Bordetella avium early in ovo. Res Vet Sci 2014; 96:260-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
50
|
Isolation, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants and Mushrooms. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|