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Jiao M, Shi X, Han Y, Xu R, Zhao S, Jia P, Zheng X, Li X, Xiao C. The screened compounds from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus using the immobilized calcium sensing receptor column exhibit osteogenic activity in vitro. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116192. [PMID: 38703747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) has become the novel target of treating osteoporosis with herbal medicine Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF), however, the bioactive compounds responsible for anti-osteoporosis are hard to clarify due to the complexity and diversity of chemical constituents in it. Herein, the immobilized CaSR column was packed with stationary phase materials, which were derived from integrating CLIP-tagged CaSR directly out of crude cell lysates onto the surface of silica gels (5.83 mg/g) in a site-specific covalent manner. The column had a great specificity of recognizing agonists and kept a good stability for at least 3 weeks. The two compounds from LLF extract were screened and identified as olenuezhenoside and ligustroflavone using the immobilized CaSR column in conjunction with mass spectrometry. Molecular docking predicted that both compounds were bound in venus flytrap (VFT) domain of CaSR by the formation of hydrogen bonds. Cellular results showed that both compounds exhibited the distinct osteogenic activity by enhancing the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic cells. Our study demonstrated that, the immobilized protein column enables to screen the bioactive compounds rapidly from herbal extract, and the newly discovered natural product ligands towards CaSR, including olenuezhenoside and ligustroflavone, will be the candidates for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhi Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xiangang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yaokun Han
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Ru Xu
- Xi'an International University, Xi'an 710077, PR China
| | - Shoucheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Pu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an 710065, PR China
| | - Chaoni Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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Xu J, Zhang L, Xu Y, Yu J, Zhao L, Deng H, Li M, Zhang M, Lei X, Hu C, Jiao W, Dai Z, Liu L, Chen G. Effectiveness of Yishen Tongbi decoction versus methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A double-blind, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154704. [PMID: 36796186 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yishen Tongbi decoction (YSTB) which is an herbal formula, has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for more than ten years with a better curative effect. Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective anchoring agent used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. There were, however, no head-to-head comparative randomized controlled trials comparing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to MTX, Therefore, we performed this double-blind, double-model, randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of YSTB and MTX in the treatment of active RA for 24 weeks. METHODS Patients who met the enrollment criteria were randomly selected (1:1) to receive either YSTB therapy (YSTB 150 ml once daily + MTX placebo 7.5-15 mg once weekly) or MTX therapy (MTX 7.5-15 mg once weekly + YSTB placebo 150 ml once daily) in treatment cycles lasting 24 weeks. The percentage of patients who achieve a clinical disease activity index (CDAI) response at week 24 is the primary efficacy outcome. A 10% risk differential non-inferiority margin was previously defined. The Chinese Clinical Trials Registry has recorded this trial (ChiCTR-1,900,024,902, registered on August 3rd 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx). RESULTS Out of 118 patients whose eligibility was determined from September 2019 to May 2022, 100 patients (n = 50 for each group) were enrolled in the research overall. The 24-week trial was completed by 82% (40/49) of the YSTB group's patients and 86% (42/49) of the MTX group's patients. In the intention-to-treat analysis, 67.4% (33/49) of patients in the YSTB group met the main outcome of CDAI response criteria at week 24, compared to 57.1% (28/49) in the MTX group. The risk difference was 0.102 (95% CI -0.089 to 0.293), which demonstrated the non-inferiority of YSTB to MTX. After further testing for superiority, the ratio of CDAI responses achieved by the YSTB and MTX groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.298). At the same time, in week 24, secondary outcomes such as the ACR 20/50/70 response, the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology good or moderate response, remission rate, simplified disease activity index response, and low disease activity rate all showed similar statistically significant patterns. There was statistically significant attainment of ACR20 (p = 0.008) and EULAR good or moderate response (p = 0.009) in two groups at week 4. The intention-to-treat analysis results and the per-protocol analysis results were in agreement. The incidence of drug-related adverse events was not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.487). CONCLUSIONS Previous studies have used TCM as an adjunct to conventional therapy, and few of them have directly compared it with MTX. In order to lessen disease activity in RA patients, this trial demonstrated that YSTB compound monotherapy was non-inferior to MTX monotherapy and had superior efficacy following short-term treatment. This study provided evidence-based medicine in the treatment of RA with compound prescriptions of TCM and contributed to promoting phytomedicine use in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China; Baiyun Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianyu Zhao
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Deng
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiling Li
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xujie Lei
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Congqi Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Dai
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangxing Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China; Baiyun Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China.
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Jing W, Feng L, Peng K, Zhang W, Wang B. Formononetin attenuates osteoclast differentiation and calcium loss by mediating transcription factor AP-1 in type I diabetic mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23042. [PMID: 35315182 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Formononetin (FMN) has been reported as a prospective antiosteoporotic medication. However, the antiosteoporotic properties of FMN are still unclear in a mouse model with diabetes-induced osteoporosis. An osteoporotic or osteopenic mouse model with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was established using streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) injection for 5 consecutive days. After 12 weeks with FMN intragastric administration (0.5, 5, 20 mg/kg), the antiosteoporotic activity of FMN was evaluated in T1DM mice. FMN supplementation effectively improves Ca excretion and trabecular bone degeneration and impedes osteoclast differentiation and function to attenuate hyperglycemia-induced bone deterioration. In addition, FMN inhibited activating protein 1 (AP-1) and osteoclast-specific gene expression, Nfatc1, Ctsk, and TRAP. The administration of FMN has a beneficial effect to attenuate hyperglycemia-induced bone deteriorations, including osteoclastogenesis, trabecular bone, and Ca loss. Our study provided a prospective medication for the treatment of T1DM-related osteopenia or osteoporosis with FMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Jing
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kan Peng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weisong Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Chen N, Wang NN, Du C, Zhang JL, Guo YX, Zhang Y. Amelioration of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and its phenol glycosides on hypercalciuria via stimulating PTH1R/PKA/TRPV5 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153982. [PMID: 35168092 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our early studies performed on aged rats, ovariectomized (OVX) rats and diabetic mice, indicated the calciotropic role of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL), the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait., in mediating calcium homeostasis which was partially attributed to its stimulation on renal calcium reabsorption. PURPOSE This study aimed to explicate the underlying molecular mechanism and explore the potential bioactive ingredients in FLL. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The OVX C57BL/6 J mice were orally administered with low (FL, 75 mg/kg), middle (FM, 225 mg/kg) or high (FH, 675 mg/kg) dose of extract of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi for 10 weeks. The biological properties of trabecular bone were measured by micro-CT and H&E staining. The molecular expression was assessed by immunoblotting and immunostaining. The potential active components were identified by cell membrane chromatography (CMC) and explored in renal tubular cells with Fluo-3/AM fluorescent staining to indicate intracellular calcium level. The male mice fed with high calcium diet (1.2% Ca) and orally treated with active components for 3 weeks. RESULTS Treatment of OVX mice with FLL extract suppressed the elevation in urinary calcium level (FH, 0.081 ± 0.012, vs. OVX, 0.189 ± 0.038 mg/mg), and increased bone mineral density (FH, 62.41 ± 2.57, vs. OVX, 43.72 ± 8.43 mg/ccm) and percentage of trabecular bone area. It also decreased circulating PTH level (FH, 66.69 ± 10.94, vs. OVX, 303.50 ± 26.56 pg/ml) and up-regulated TRPV5 expression in renal cortex of OVX mice as well as enhanced the expression of PTH receptor (PTH1R) and the ratio of p-PKA/PKA. The PKA inhibitor H89 abolished the induction of serum, prepared from rats treated with FLL extract, on PKA/TRPV5 signaling in renal tubular cells. The CMC identified phenol glycosides, including salidroside and oleuropein, which increased intracellular calcium content, promoted expression of PTH1R and TRPV5 and ratio of p-PKA/PKA as well as decreased calcium excretion in urine of mice fed with high calcium diet. CONCLUSION Salidroside and oleuropein are major ingredients contributing to the anti-hypercalciuria effects of FLL via acting on PTH1R/PKA/TRPV5 signaling in kidney. Further translational research would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Na-Ni Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Chen Du
- Department of Gynecology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jia-Li Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Xun Guo
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Observation of the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and the Potential Effect of Promoting Hair Growth Treated with Chinese Herbal BeauTop. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6667011. [PMID: 33680060 PMCID: PMC7904352 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite minoxidil and finasteride already being approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of hair loss, it is important to identify new and innovative treatments for hair loss, such as looking for a solution in Chinese herbal medicine. One such treatment to consider is BeauTop (BT), whose primary ingredients include Panax japonicus (T.Nees), C.A. Mey. (Araliaceae), Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bunge (Fabaceae), Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Apiaceae), Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton (Oleaceae), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. (Plantaginaceae), and Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Compositae). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether BT can promote hair growth in C57BL/6 mice and to investigate hair coverage, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG), and the numbers of hair follicles in growth phase after oral administration. A total of 12 C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: control group and treatment group BT. BT was administered orally as an extract at a volume of 0.6 g/kg. The control group was treated with distilled water. Each group was treated once a day for 12 consecutive days. To observe the expression of VEGF distribution, the number of hair follicles and the hair coverage were examined on days 4, 8, and 12. By comparing the treatment group and control group, we found that VEGF in the BT group on day 8 presented with a higher area percentage than the control group (p value = 0.003). Hair follicle counting results showed that the BT group was significantly higher than the control group on day 8 (p value = 0.031). Furthermore, hair coverage was shown to be significantly increased in the treatment group BT on day 8 (p value = 0.013). Taken together, these results suggest that Chinese medicine (BT) possesses the potential effect of promoting hair growth through VEGF expression. VEGF is considered the most important mediator for the process of angiogenesis involved in hair growth development.
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Feng R, Ding F, Mi XH, Liu SF, Jiang AL, Liu BH, Lian Y, Shi Q, Wang YJ, Zhang Y. Protective Effects of Ligustroflavone, an Active Compound from Ligustrum lucidum, on Diabetes-Induced Osteoporosis in Mice: A Potential Candidate as Calcium-Sensing Receptor Antagonist. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:457-476. [PMID: 30834778 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1950023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ligustroflavone is one major compound contained in active fraction from Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum), which could regulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and improve calcium balance by acting on calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR). This study aimed to explore the potency of ligustroflavone as a CaSR antagonist and its protective effects against diabetic osteoporosis in mice. LF interacted well with the allosteric site of CaSR shown by molecular docking analysis, increased PTH release of primary parathyroid gland cells and suppressed extracellular calcium influx in HEK-293 cells. The serum level of PTH attained peak value at 2 h and maintained high during the period of 1 h and 3 h than that before treatment in mice after a single dose of LF. Treatment of diabetic mice with LF inhibited the decrease in calcium level of serum and bone and the enhancement in urinary calcium excretion as well as elevated circulating PTH levels. Trabecular bone mineral density and micro-architecture were markedly improved in diabetic mice upon to LF treatment for 8 weeks. LF reduced CaSR mRNA and protein expression in the kidneys of diabetic mice. Taken together, ligustroflavone could transiently increase PTH level and regulate calcium metabolism as well as prevent osteoporosis in diabetic mice, suggesting that ligustroflavone might be an effective antagonist on CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fan Ding
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Hua Mi
- † Section of Nephrology, Yangpu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Fen Liu
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Ling Jiang
- § School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Hui Liu
- ¶ Department of Orthopaedic, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Yin Lian
- ¶ Department of Orthopaedic, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Shi
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- * Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Cheng M, Liang XH, Wang QW, Deng YT, Zhao ZX, Liu XY. Ursolic Acid Prevents Retinoic Acid-Induced Bone Loss in Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 25:210-215. [PMID: 30159645 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-3050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on mitigating retinoic acid (RA)-induced osteoporosis in rats. METHODS Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=10) and the osteoporosis group (n=40). The 40 osteoporosis rats were induced by 75 mg/(kg•d) RA once daily for 2 weeks, and then were randomly assigned to vehicle control (model), low-, middle-, and high-dose UA [(UA-L, UA-M, UA-H; 30, 60, 120 mg/(kg•d), respectively] groups (10 rats each). UA were administered once daily to the rats from the 3rd weeks for up to 4 weeks by gavage. Bone turnover markers [serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD)] and other parameters, including serum calcium (S-Ca), serum phosphorus (S-P), urine calcium (U-Ca), urine phosphorus (U-P), and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur, 4th lumbar vertebra and tibia, bone biomechanical properties and trabecular microarchitecture, were measured. RESULTS The osteoporosis in rats was successfully induced by RA. Compared with the model group, UA-M and UA-H significantly reversed the RA-induced changes in S-P, U-Ca, U-P, ALP, OCN and urine DPD ratio and markedly enhanced the BMD of right femur, 4th lumbar vertebra and tibia (Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01). Further, biomechanical test and microcomputed tomography evaluation also showed that UA-H drastically improved biomechanical properties and trabecular microarchitecture (Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01). CONCLUSION UA could promote bone formation, increase osteoblastic activity and reduce osteoclastic activity in rats, indicating that UA might be a potential therapeutic of RA-induced acute osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheng
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, 726000, China.
| | - Xu-Hua Liang
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, 726000, China
| | - Qing-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ya-Ting Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Zhao
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, 726000, China
| | - Xue-Ying Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Li XL, Wang L, Bi XL, Chen BB, Zhang Y. Gushukang exerts osteopreserve effects by regulating vitamin D and calcium metabolism in ovariectomized mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:224-234. [PMID: 29721809 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis plays vital roles in the management of bone health. Traditional herbal formula Gushukang (GSK) was clinically applied to treat primary osteoporosis. This study aimed to explore the osteoprotective effects of GSK and its roles in maintaining calcium homeostasis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The OVX mice were orally treated with low (0.38 g/kg), middle (0.76 g/kg) and high (1.52 g/kg) dose of GSK for 8 weeks. GSK treatment dramatically increased serum calcium level and decreased urinary calcium excretion as well as enhanced calcium content in bone of OVX mice. Serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly increased in OVX mice with exposure to GSK. Treatment with GSK improved bone mass and micro-structure of trabecular bone at distal metaphysis of femur and proximal metaphysis of tibia in OVX mice shown by safranin O staining and micro-CT measurement. GSK treatment at all doses up-regulated mRNA expression of calcium-binding protein-28k and vitamin D receptor in kidney of OVX mice, and dose-dependently decreased mRNA expression of claudin-14 and elevated mRNA expression of claudin-16 in duodenum of OVX mice. Taken together, GSK exerted beneficial effects on trabecular bone of OVX mice by improving calcium homeostasis via regulating paracellular calcium absorption in duodenum and transcellular calcium reabsorption in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lei Bi
- Liaoning Konruns Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dandong, 118301, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Bing Chen
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Room 908, Building #12, South Wanping Road 725, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Cao S, Tian XL, Yu WX, Zhou LP, Dong XL, Favus MJ, Wong MS. Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid Improve Bone Properties and Calcium Balance and Modulate Vitamin D Metabolism in Aged Female Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1435. [PMID: 30564129 PMCID: PMC6288304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) are the major chemical constituents in Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL), a kidney-tonifying Chinese herb that is previously shown to improve bone properties and enhance calcium balance in aged female rats. The present study was designed to study if OA and UA act as the active ingredients in FLL to exert the positive effects on bone and mineral metabolism in aged rats. Aged (13-month-old) Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to four groups with oral administration of drug or vehicle treatment for 12 weeks: medium calcium diet (MCD, 0.6% calcium), high calcium diet (HCD, 1.2% calcium), MCD + FLL (700 mg/kg/day), MCD + OA (23.6 mg/kg/day) + UA (8.6 mg/kg/day). A group of mature (3-month-old) female rats fed with MCD was included as positive control. The results demonstrated that FLL and OA+UA increased bone mineral density and improved microarchitectural properties of aged female rats. The osteoprotective effects of FLL and OA+UA might be, at least in part, associated with their actions on enhancing calcium balance and suppressing age-induced secondary hyperparathyroidism in aged female rats. FLL and OA+UA also significantly induced renal CYP27B1 protein expression and OA+UA treatment decreased CYP24A1 mRNA and protein expressions in aged female rats. In addition, FLL and OA+UA significantly increased the promoter activity, mRNA and protein expressions of renal CYP27B1 in vitro in human proximal tubule HKC-8 cells. The present findings suggest that OA+UA can be regarded as the active ingredients of FLL and might be a potential drug candidate for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Cao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xue-Lian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Yu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Li Dong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Murray J Favus
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Liu C, Zhu R, Liu H, Li L, Chen B, Jia Q, Wang L, Ma R, Tian S, Wang M, Fu M, Niu J, Orekhov AN, Gao S, Zhang D, Zhao B. Aqueous Extract of Mori Folium Exerts Bone Protective Effect Through Regulation of Calcium and Redox Homeostasis via PTH/VDR/CaBP and AGEs/RAGE/Nox4/NF-κB Signaling in Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1239. [PMID: 30459613 PMCID: PMC6233025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study is aimed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Mori Folium (MF) exhibits bone protective effect by regulating calcium and redox homeostasis in diabetic rats, and to identify the signaling pathways involved in this process. Methods: Diabetic rats were established using high-sugar and high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days). The serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], parathormone (PTH), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined by ELISA or biochemical assays. Histopathological alterations in the femurs were evaluated by the stainings of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and alizarin red S. In addition, femoral strength was detected by a three-point bending assay, bone microstructure was detected with micro-computer tomography. Bone material properties were examined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the expressions of IGF-1, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), cathepsin K, AGEs, receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE), NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the femurs and tibias, and the alterations in the levels of calcium-binding protein-28k (CaBP-28k), transient receptor potential V6 (TRPV6), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the kidneys and duodenums were determined by western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with MF aqueous extract induces an increase in the levels of OC and IGF-1 as well as a decrease in TRAP level in serum. MF treatment also upregulates the expression of OPG, downregulates the expressions of AGEs, RAGE, Nox4, NF-κB, and RANKL, which leads to improve bone microstructure and strength exhibited by an increase in cortical area ratio, cortical thickness, and trabecular area ratio as well as ultimate load, elastic modulus, and bending stress in the femurs and tibias of diabetic rats. In addition, MF aqueous extract preserves bone material properties by decreasing the ratio of fatty acid/collagen and increasing the ratio of mineral/matrix in the femurs of diabetic rats. Moreover, MF treatment increases the levels of P, Ca, and 1,25(OH)2D3, and decreases the level of PTH in the serum, as well as upregulates the expressions of TRPV6 and VDR in the duodenums and CaBP-28k in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Additionally, MF has ability of rebuilding redox homeostasis and eliminating inflammatory stress by increasing the levels of SOD and TAC as well as decreasing the levels of IL-6, AGEs, MDA, and 8-OH-dG. Conclusions: MF treatment may improve bone quality through maintenance of calcium homeostasis via regulating the PTH/VDR/CaBP signaling, and elimination of oxidative stress via regulating the AGEs/RAGE/Nox4/NF-κB signaling. These results may suggest the potential of MF in preventing the development of diabetic osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Liu
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Tian
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Tang YQ, Li C, Sun XJ, Liu Y, Wang XT, Guo YB, Wang LL, Ma RF, Niu JZ, Fu M, Zhang DW, Li Y. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi modulates estrogen receptor expression with no uterotrophic effect in ovariectomized rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:118. [PMID: 29609586 PMCID: PMC5880075 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) plays a beneficial role in preventing the development of osteoporosis. However, the effects of FLL on estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ expressions remain unknown. Therefore, in the current study we attempted to probe into the effects of FLL on ERα and ERβ expressions in femurs, tibias and uteri of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods The OVX rats were orally administrated with FLL water extract (3.5 g/kg/day) for 12 weeks. The uteri, femurs, tibias and serum were harvested from rats. The serum levels of estrogen (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined by ELISA. The expressions of ERα and ERβ in the femurs and tibias as well as uteri were analysed by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Results FLL treatment did not increase uterus relative weight in OVX rats. Further, FLL treatment increased ERα expression in the femurs and tibias, and enhanced ERβ expression in the uteri of OVX rats. However, the resulted expression of ERα was stronger than that of ERβ in OVX rats in response to FLL treatment. Meanwhile, administration with FLL to OVX rats increased FSH and LH but did not increase E2 level in the serum. Conclusion FLL treatment shows tissue selection on ERα and ERβ expressions in the femurs and tibias as well as uteri of OVX rats without uterotrophic effect, which may offer the scientific evidence of the efficiency and safety of its clinical application.
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12
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Chen XF, Li XL, Yang M, Song Y, Zhang Y. Osteoprotective effects of salidroside in ovariectomized mice and diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 819:281-288. [PMID: 29242120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside, an active constituent from the root of Rhodiola rosea L., has multiple pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, etc. However, its protective effect on bone tissue via regulating calcium homeostasis is yet to be determined. This study was performed to investigate if salidroside could protect against bone injuries induced by estrogen deficiency or hyperglycemia through modulating calcium homeostasis. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice and diabetic mice were treated with salidroside (20mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Safranin O staining and micro-CT were performed on the distal metaphysis of femur. The calcium content in serum, urine and femur was measured, and the mRNA and protein expressions of regulators in kidney were determined by PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Treatment with salidroside increased bone calcium level and decreased urinary calcium excretion, consequently attenuating the deteriorations of trabecular bone in both OVX mice and diabetic mice. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-24 hydroxylase expression was down-regulated and vitamin D receptor expression was up-regulated in kidney of both OVX mice and diabetic mice upon to salidroside treatment, which also inhibited the ovariectomy-induced decrease in expression of renal transcellular calcium transporters and the diabetes-induced enhancement in renal calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expression. Taken together, salidroside exerted osteoprotective effects by improving calcium homeostasis via regulating vitamin D metabolism and transcellular calcium transporters as well as modulating CaSR expression in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Fan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China.
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13
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Nyman JS, Kalaitzoglou E, Clay Bunn R, Uppuganti S, Thrailkill KM, Fowlkes JL. Preserving and restoring bone with continuous insulin infusion therapy in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Bone Rep 2017; 7:1-8. [PMID: 28736738 PMCID: PMC5508511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Those with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are more likely to suffer a fracture than age- and sex-matched individuals without diabetes, despite daily insulin therapy. In rodent studies examining the effect of bone- or glucose-targeting therapies on preventing the T1D-related decrease in bone strength, insulin co-therapy is often not included, despite the known importance of insulin signaling to bone mass accrual. Therefore, working toward a relevant pre-clinical model of diabetic bone disease, we assessed the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy at escalating doses on preserving bone and the effect of delayed CSII on rescuing the T1D-related bone deterioration in an established murine model of T1D. Osmotic minipumps were implanted in male DBA/2 J mice 2 weeks (prevention study) and 6 weeks (rescue study) after the first injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to deliver insulin at 0, 0.0625, 0.125, or 0.25 IU/day (prevention study; n = 4-5 per dose) and 0 or 0.25 IU/day (rescue study; n = 10 per group). CSII lasted 4 weeks in both studies, which also included age-matched, non-diabetic DBA/2 J mice (n = 8-12 per study). As the insulin dose increased, blood glucose decreased, body weight increased, a serum maker of bone resorption decreased, and a serum marker of bone formation increased such that each end-point characteristic was linearly correlated with dose. There were insulin dose-dependent relationships (femur diaphysis) with cross-sectional area of cortical bone and cortical thickness (micro-computed tomography) as well as structural strength (peak force endured by the mid-shaft during three-point bending). Likewise, trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), thickness, and number (distal femur metaphysis) increased as the insulin dose increased. Delayed CSII improved glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), but blood glucose levels remained relatively high (well above non-diabetic levels). Interestingly, it returned the resorption and formation markers to similar levels as those seen in non-T1D control mice. This apparent return after 4 weeks of CSII translated to a partial rescue of the structural strength of the femur mid-shaft. Delayed CSII also increased Tb.Th to levels seen in non-T1D controls but did not fully restore BV/TV. The use of exogenous insulin should be considered in pre-clinical studies investigating the effect of T1D on bone as insulin therapy maintains bone structure without necessarily lowering glucose below diabetic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry S. Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
- University of Kentucky, Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - R. Clay Bunn
- University of Kentucky, Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Thrailkill
- University of Kentucky, Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - John L. Fowlkes
- University of Kentucky, Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
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14
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Chen B, Wang L, Li L, Zhu R, Liu H, Liu C, Ma R, Jia Q, Zhao D, Niu J, Fu M, Gao S, Zhang D. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in Osteoporosis: A Review of its Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Safety. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091469. [PMID: 28872612 PMCID: PMC6151717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) has now attracted increasing attention as an alternative medicine in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This study aimed to provide a general review of traditional interpretation of the actions of FLL in osteoporosis, main phytochemical constituents, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology in bone improving effect, and safety. Materials and Methods: Several databases, including PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Science and Technology Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Web of Science were consulted to locate publications pertaining to FLL. The initial inquiry was conducted for the presence of the following keywords combinations in the abstracts: Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, osteoporosis, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, salidroside. About 150 research papers and reviews were consulted. Results: FLL is assumed to exhibit anti-osteoporotic effects by improving liver and kidney deficiencies and reducing lower back soreness in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The data from animal and cell experiments demonstrate that FLL is able to improve bone metabolism and bone quality in ovariectomized, growing, aged and diabetic rats through the regulation of PTH/FGF-23/1,25-(OH)2D3/CaSR, Nox4/ROS/NF-κB, and OPG/RANKL/cathepsin K signaling pathways. More than 100 individual compounds have been isolated from this plant. Oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, salidroside, and nuzhenide have been reported to exhibit the anti-osteoporosis effect. The pharmacokinetics data reveals that salidroside is one of the active constituents, and that tyrosol is hard to detect under physiological conditions. Acute and subacute toxicity studies show that FLL is well tolerated and presents no safety concerns. Conclusions: FLL provides a new option for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which attracts rising interests in identifying potential anti-osteoporotic compounds and fractions from this plant. Further scientific evidences are expected from well-designed clinical trials on its bone protective effects and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haixia Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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15
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Wang L, Ma R, Guo Y, Sun J, Liu H, Zhu R, Liu C, Li J, Li L, Chen B, Sun L, Tang J, Zhao D, Mo F, Niu J, Jiang G, Fu M, Brömme D, Zhang D, Gao S. Antioxidant Effect of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Aqueous Extract in Ovariectomized Rats Is Mediated through Nox4-ROS-NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:266. [PMID: 28588482 PMCID: PMC5438993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study is designed to explore whether Fructus ligustri lucidi (FLL) exhibits antioxidant effect in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and to identify the signaling pathway involved in this process. Methods: OVX rats were treated with FLL aqueous extract (3.5 g/kg) for 12 weeks. Serum, uteri, and tibias were harvested from the rats and the levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined. Changes in the levels of NF-κB-p65, phosphorylation of NF-κB-p65 (NF-κB-pp65), NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα), phosphorylation of IκBα (p-IκBα), and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in uteri and tibias were determined by western blot, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively. In addition, the expression of cytochrome C (Cyto-C) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were determined in the tibias of rats. Histopathological changes in the bones were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined in rat femurs by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Treatment of OVX rats with FLL aqueous extract improved redox homeostasis by increasing the levels of TAC and NO as well as decreasing the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG in serum, tibias, and uteri. Further, FLL extract also downregulated the expression of Nox4, NF-κB-p65, NF-κB-pp65, and p-IκBα in the uteri and tibias. Furthermore, administration of FLL–OVX rats increased Bcl-2 expression and prevented cytoplasmic release of mitochondrial Cyto-C in the tibias. In addition, FLL treatment also improved bone microstructure and increased cortical bone thickness as well as increased BMD values in the femurs of OVX rats. Conclusions: FLL treatment may suppress oxidative stress response in OVX rats via regulating the Nox4/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest the potential of using FLL as a natural antioxidant agent in preventing the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yubo Guo
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for TCM, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jinfa Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of He'nan TCM University, ZhengzhouHenan, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dieter Brömme
- Oral Biological Medicinal Science, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
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16
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Sha NN, Zhao YJ, Zhao DF, Mok DKW, Shi Q, Wang YJ, Zhang Y. Effect of the water fraction isolated from Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract on bone metabolismviaantagonizing a calcium-sensing receptor in experimental type 1 diabetic rats. Food Funct 2017; 8:4703-4712. [PMID: 29165475 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotective effects of FLL water fraction by potentially regulating vitamin D metabolism and calcium transporters as well as CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Sha
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhao
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Dong-Feng Zhao
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Qi Shi
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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17
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Diabetic Osteoporosis: A Review of Its Traditional Chinese Medicinal Use and Clinical and Preclinical Research. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3218313. [PMID: 27698674 PMCID: PMC5028800 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3218313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim. The incidence of diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is increasing due to lack of effective management over the past few decades. This review aims to summarize traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) suitability in the pathogenesis and clinical and preclinical management of DOP. Methods. Literature sources used were from Medline (Pubmed), CNKI (China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database), and CSTJ (China Science and Technology Journal Database) online databases. For the consultation, keywords such as diabetic osteoporosis (DOP), TCM, clinical study, animal experiment, toxicity, and research progress were used in various combinations. Around 100 research papers and reviews were visited. Results. Liver-spleen-kidney insufficiency may result in development of DOP. 18 clinical trials are identified to use TCM compound prescriptions for management of patients with DOP. TCM herbs and their active ingredients are effective in preventing the development of DOP in streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan as well as STZ combined with ovariectomy insulted rats. Among them, most frequently used TCM herbs in clinical trials are Radix Astragali, Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, and Herba Epimedii. Some of TCM herbs also exhibit toxicities in clinical and preclinical research. Conclusions. TCM herbs may act as the novel sources of anti-DOP drugs by improving bone and glucolipid metabolisms. However, the pathogenesis of DOP and the material base of TCM herbs still merit further study.
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Zhang Y, Shao J, Wang Z, Yang T, Liu S, Liu Y, Fan X, Ye W. Aqueous extract of pomegranate seed attenuates glucocorticoid-induced bone loss and hypercalciuria in mice: A comparative study with alendronate. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:491-8. [PMID: 27278225 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed in order to examine bone loss and calcium homeostasis in mice with glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) following treatment with the aqueous extract of pomegranate seed (AE-PS). In addition, a comparative study with alendronate was performed. Biomarkers in the serum and the urine were measured. The tibias, kidney and duodenum were removed in order to measure the levels of bone calcium, protein expression as well as to perform histomorphological analysis of the bone. GC treatment facilitated the induction of hypercalciuria in the mice, and the AE-PS‑treated mice exhibited a greater increase in serum calcium and a decrease in urine calcium. The AE-PS reversed the deleterious effects on the trabecular bone induced by DXM and stimulated bone remodeling, including an increase in bone calcium and alkaline phosphatase‑b (ALP-b) and a decrease in a the critical bone resorption markers C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed the increased disconnections and separation between the growth plate and the trabecular bone network as well as the reduction in the trabecular bone mass of the primary and secondary spongiosa throughout the proximal metaphysis of the tibia in the DXM group. Moreover, the decreased protein expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)5, TRPV6 and calbindin‑D9k (CaBP‑9k) was reversed by the AE-PS or alendronate supplementation in the kidneys and the duodenum as well as plasma membrane Ca2+‑ATPase1 (PMCA1) expression in the kidneys of mice with GIOP. There was no marked difference in pharmacological effectiveness between alendronate and the AE-PS. Taken together, these findings suggest that the AE-PS may be an alternative therapy suitable for use in the management of secondary osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Tieyi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Xinbing Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Weiguang Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
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19
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Che CT, Wong MS. Ligustrum lucidum and its Constituents: A Mini-Review on the Anti-Osteoporosis Potential. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder commonly occurred in aging populations, particularly postmenopausal women and patients who undergo long-term steroid or anti-estrogen therapies. Given the rapid growth of the aging population, the prevalence of bone loss, and the huge medical and healthcare cost involved, demand for alternative approaches for the promotion of bone health is pressing. With the advent of global interest in complementary and alternative medicine and natural products, Chinese medicine serves as a viable source that offers benefits to improve and maintain bone health. This review summarizes the scientific information on the Chinese medicinal herb Ligustrum lucidum and its chemical components as potential therapy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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