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Shin S, Park J, Choi HY, Bu Y, Lee K. Vasorelaxant and Hypotensive Effects of Galla chinensis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7962. [PMID: 39063203 PMCID: PMC11276969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed the medicinal and therapeutic effects of Galla chinensis. However, no studies have focused on the antihypertensive effects of G. chinensis. Therefore, we aimed to determine the vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of G. chinensis 50% ethanolic extract (GCE). To evaluate the vascular relaxing effect of GCE, experiments were conducted using aortic segments dissected from Sprague Dawley rats. GCE showed a vasorelaxant effect via the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate pathway, inhibiting Ca2+ channels, and activating K+ channels. The hypotensive effects of GCE were evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The SHRs were randomly divided into a control group and orally administered GCE group (100 or 300 mg/kg). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly by -19.47 ± 4.58% and -31.14 ± 7.66% in the GCE 100 mg/kg group, and -21.64 ± 2.40% and -31.91 ± 5.75% in the GCE 300 mg/kg group at 4 h after administration. Considering its vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects, our results indicate that GCE may be a valuable solution for the control of hypertension. However, further studies on the long-term administration and toxicity of GCE are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Shin
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Junkyu Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Young Choi
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Kyungjin Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (Y.B.)
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Yan Y, Zheng X, Wu X, Wang L, He J, Hao B, Hu T, Wang S, Cui D. Battling Salmonella enteritidis infections: integrating proteomics and in vivo assessment of Galla Chinensis tannic acid. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:179. [PMID: 38715123 PMCID: PMC11075308 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infections pose a significant threat to animal and human health. Phytochemicals present a potential alternative treatment. Galla chinensis tannic acid (GCTA), a hydrolyzable polyphenolic compound, inhibits bacterial growth and demonstrates potential as an alternative or supplement to antibiotics to prevent Salmonella infections. However, little is known about the antimicrobial mechanism of GCTA against Salmonella. Here, we revealed 456 differentially expressed proteins upon GCTA treatment, impacting pathways related to DNA replication, repair, genomic stability, cell wall biogenesis, and lipid metabolism using TMT-labeled proteomic analysis. TEM analysis suggested altered bacterial morphology and structure post-treatment. A Salmonella-infected-mouse model indicated that GCTA administration improved inflammatory markers, alleviated intestinal histopathological alterations, and reduced Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) colonization in the liver and spleen of Salmonella-infected mice. The LD50 of GCTA was 4100 mg/kg with an oral single dose, vastly exceeding the therapeutic dose. Thus, GCTA exhibited antibacterial and anti-infective activity against S. Enteritidis. Our results provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of these antibacterial effects, and highlights the potential of GCTA as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhang Yan
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Jiongjie He
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Tingjun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China.
| | - Dongan Cui
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 335, Jiangouyan Street, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, P.R. China.
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Deng S, AGA E, Xie H, Xiong H, Ye B. Evaluation of the acute toxicity and 28-days subacute toxicity of the alcoholic extract from Ganoderma leucocontextum. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:434-442. [PMID: 36655071 PMCID: PMC9834818 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma leucocontextum is a well-known traditional medicine in Tibet Autonomous Region, which has benefits, such as anti-hypoxia, neurotrophic action on nerves, easing coughs and relieving asthma, strengthening the body and prolonging life. However, few research have focused on its negative effects, possibly jeopardizing its safety. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of an alcoholic extract from G. leucocontextum (GLA) in vivo. The phytochemical characterization analysis showed that alcoholic extract from G. leucocontextum were rich in polysaccharides, triterpenoids. Then, in acute oral toxicity, male and female mice from Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) were orally administered with 16 g/kg GLA and were observed for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity, male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally administered with 2, 4, and 8 g/kg doses of GLA for 28 days. There was no death or clinical changes in male and female mice in the acute toxicity test. During the subacute toxicity test, the difference in body weights, food consumption, biochemical and hematological parameters, and organ coefficients between treated and control groups were unrelated to GLA treatment. The obtained data show that the GLA had no significant toxic effects when administered orally to male and female rats in acute and subacute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhan Deng
- Medical College of Tibet UniversityLasaChina
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of Pharmacy Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Er‐bu AGA
- Medical College of Tibet UniversityLasaChina
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of Pharmacy Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hongjun Xie
- Medical College of Tibet UniversityLasaChina
| | - Hai Xiong
- Medical College of Tibet UniversityLasaChina
| | - Bengui Ye
- Medical College of Tibet UniversityLasaChina
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of Pharmacy Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Yuan C, Zhan W, Cui Q. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of the Gallnut Water Extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2022; 34:159-166. [PMID: 35262205 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important pathogen causing pandemic diseases in marine animals and brings about severe economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus and the prohibition of antibiotics both require the development of new therapeutic agents with alternative action. In this study, the effect of gallnut Galla chinensis water extract (GWE) on V. parahaemolyticus growth and virulence was investigated to determine the potential for its use in disease prevention and treatment in aquaculture. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of GWE against V. parahaemolyticus were identified as 0.49 and 0.98 mg/mL, respectively. Membrane damage in V. parahaemolyticus was further verified through the increase of conductivity and leakage of nucleic acids and proteins. Moreover, GWE caused membrane invaginations and damage in V. parahaemolyticus as observed via scanning electron microscopy. After treatment with GWE, the biofilm formation and the activities of respiratory chain dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase of V. parahaemolyticus were all significantly inhibited. These findings suggest that GWE has the potential to be developed as a supplemental agent to mitigate the infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Yuan
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wenhao Zhan
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Qingman Cui
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
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Fan X, Song H, Xu X, Lu X, Wang Y, Duan X. Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Sodium p-Hydroxybenzoate in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:843368. [PMID: 35355716 PMCID: PMC8959674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.843368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA), which exists extensively in plants, is well known for its anti-inflammatory effects, but various adverse side effects have also been reported. Previous research has found that acid translated to its sodium salt improves the safety profile of compounds. Therefore, we hypothesized that p-HBA translated to sodium p-hydroxybenzoate would improve its safety profile. In the present study, we evaluated the toxicity of sodium p-hydroxybenzoate after 90 days of repeated oral toxicity experiments according to OECD guidelines in male and female Sprague–Dawley rats. Sodium p-hydroxybenzoate was administered orally to SD rats at doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for 90 days. All animals survived to the end of the study, and no sodium p-hydroxybenzoate treatment-associated mortality or clinical changes were observed during the study period. Sodium p-hydroxybenzoate did not promote any clinical signs of toxicologically relevant effects, including changes in body weight, food intake and urinalysis parameters, in male or female SD rats. Dose-related alterations in hematological parameters, organ weights and histopathological findings in hepatic tissue were examined in animals of both sexes in the 500 mg/kg BW/day group. Based on the study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for sodium p-hydroxybenzoate was determined to be 250 mg/kg BW/day in both male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hengzhi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaotian Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xi Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoqun Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Gao J, Wang R, Liu J, Wang W, Chen Y, Cai W. Effects of novel microecologics combined with traditional Chinese medicine and probiotics on growth performance and health of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101412. [PMID: 34920387 PMCID: PMC8683594 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a kind of novel microecologics, namely Chinese medicine-probiotic compound microecological preparation (CPCMP), which is composed of 5 traditional Chinese medicine herbs (Galla Chinensis, Andrographis paniculata, Arctii Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia) fermented by Aspergillus niger and a kind of compound probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum A37 and L. plantarum MIII). The effects of the CPCMP in broilers on growth performance, serum parameters, immune function, and intestinal health were investigated. A total of 450 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups with 5 replicates, 15 birds per replicate. Treatments consisted of: blank control, CPCMP, positive control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, and probiotics groups, which were birds fed with basal diet supplemented with no extra additives, 0.2% CPCMP, 0.0035% chlortetracycline, 0.2% commercially available CPCMP, 0.2% fermented traditional Chinese medicines, and 0.2% compound probiotics, respectively. CPCMP obviously increased the average body weight and average daily gain (P < 0.05, compared with any other group) and decreased the feed:gain ratio of broilers (P < 0.05, compared with the blank control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, or probiotics group). Moreover, it significantly increased glutathione peroxidase and secretory immunoglobulin A levels and spleen/bursa indices (P < 0.05 for all, compared with the blank control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, or probiotics group). Villus heights in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were also elevated by CPCMP treatment (P < 0.05, compared with any other group). Furthermore, CPCMP substantially increased jejunal mRNA levels of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (P < 0.05, compared with the blank control, positive control, or probiotics group) and facilitated the growth and colonization of beneficial cecal bacteria, such as Olsenella, Barnesiella, and Lactobacillus. Overall results show that the CPCMP prepared in our work contributes to improving growth performance, serum parameters, immune function, and intestinal health of broilers and exerts synergistic effects of traditional Chinese medicines and probiotics to some extent. Our findings suggest that CPCMP is a promising antibiotic substitute in the livestock and poultry industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
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Yang M, Sun P, Fan Z, Khan A, Xue Q, Wang Y, Cao J, Cheng G. Safety evaluation and hypolipidemic effect of aqueous-ethanol and hot-water extracts from E Se tea in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112506. [PMID: 34389369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
E Se tea, processed by the fresh leaves of Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes, is a traditional herbal tea with various human benefits. The present study was aimed to evaluate the toxicity and hypolipidemic effect of aqueous-ethanol extract (EE) and hot-water extract (WE) from E Se tea. Eight main chemical constituents in EE and WE were respectively identified and quantified by UHPLC-HRMS/MS. EE is rich in TPC and TFC, while WE had higher TPS content. Both EE and WE exhibited strong antioxidant activity with no significant difference. The acute toxicity study revealed that the LD50 values were higher than 5000 mg/kg, while both WE and EE had no significant adverse effect in rats by subacute toxicity assay. However, the triglyceride (TG) content in experiment groups (male) and highest doses groups (female) significantly decreased. Furthermore, the hypolipidemic effect of WE and EE were performed on high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. The result exhibited that either WE or EE could effectively regulate lipid droplet accumulation in liver, and reduce the adipocyte size. These results demonstrated that these two extracts from E Se tea could be regarded as a potential functional dietary supplement in preventing and treating diet induced metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Yang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Pengzhen Sun
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhifeng Fan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yifen Wang
- Department of Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Chemical Characterization, and Safety Assessment of Argania spinosa Fruit Shell Extract from South-Western Morocco. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5536030. [PMID: 34395619 PMCID: PMC8357470 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5536030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Argania spinosa (L.) plays an important role in the Moroccan agroeconomy, providing both employment and export revenue. Argan oil production generates different by-products with functionalities that are not yet investigated, in particular, the shell fruit. The present study aims, for the first time, at evaluating the acute and subacute toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of argan fruit shell ethanol extract (AFSEE). The LD50 of AFSEE was determined to be greater than the 5000 mg/kg body weight of mice. No significant variation in the body and organ weights was observed after 28 days of AFSEE treatment compared to that of the control group. Biochemical parameters and histopathological examination revealed no toxic effects of AFSEE. The AFSEE produced a significant inhibition of xylene-induced ear edema in mice. AFSEE reduced significantly the paw edema in mice after carrageenan injection. The chemical characterization showed that AFSEE contains a high level of total phenol content, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and flavanols. The obtained IC50 of DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, and β-carotene demonstrates that AFSEE has a potential antioxidant effect. The results indicate that AFSEE was safe and nontoxic to mice even at higher doses. Furthermore, the present findings demonstrate that AFSEE has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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Li F, Wang L, Cai Y, Luo Y, Shi X. Safety assessment of desaminotyrosine: Acute, subchronic oral toxicity, and its effects on intestinal microbiota in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 417:115464. [PMID: 33636197 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the acute and subchronic toxicities of desaminotyrosine (DAT) by oral administration in SD rats and its effects on the intestinal microflora were investigated. The acute toxicity test showed that DAT is a low-toxic substance with a LD50 of 3129 mg/kg. The subchronic toxicity test showed that DAT has no toxicity at a low dose (125 mg/kg/day). However, DAT exhibited obvious toxicities to food intake, liver, kidney, and lung at higher dose (250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day). DAT inhibited the food intake of rats in a dose-dependent manner. Serum biochemical analysis showed that DAT can increase the serum glucose level of rats. Fecal microbiota analysis showed that DAT treatment can significantly change the intestinal microflora of rats, the dose of 125 mg/kg/day has the most significant effect on the diversity of intestinal microbiota. In daily application, the side effects caused by DAT might be gastrointestinal irritation, weight loss, liver or kidney injury, and blood sugar elevation. Based on our study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of DAT is 125 mg/kg BW/day for rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yilei Cai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yihuo Luo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xianai Shi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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Wu S, Liu Y, Zhang H, Lei L. The Pathogenicity and Transcriptome Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Response to Water Extract of Galla chinensis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:3276156. [PMID: 31379958 PMCID: PMC6662456 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3276156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Antibiotic abuse contributes to the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is increasingly important to screen new antimicrobial agents for the management of MRSA infections. G. chinensis, a nontoxic Chinese herbal medicine, is considered a potential antibacterial agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effects of the aqueous extracts of G. chinensis on MRSA. The potential mechanisms of G. chinensis aqueous extract inhibition of the pathogenicity of MRSA in vivo are also discussed. METHODS G. chinensis aqueous extract was prepared and its antimicrobial activities were examined by determining its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Biofilm biomass was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to evaluate differentially expressed functional pathways in MRSA treated with G. chinensis aqueous extract. We validated the role of G. chinensis aqueous extract in the invasive ability and pathogenicity of MRSA in vivo using a rat infectious model. RESULTS The results indicated that MRSA was sensitive to the G. chinensis aqueous extracts at concentration of 31.25μg/mL. G. chinensis extract led to a reduction in dextran-dependent aggregation and biofilm formation in MRSA. Based on the transcriptome analysis, G. chinensis aqueous extracts significantly downregulated the gene expression related to biofilm formation and carbohydrate metabolism. G. chinensis aqueous extract inhibited the invasive ability and the pathogenicity of MRSA in vivo. CONCLUSION The antimicrobial properties of G. chinensis aqueous extract are likely related to its modulation of MRSA biofilm formation and carbohydrate metabolism. G. chinensis aqueous extract is a promising supplementary therapy to lessen or eliminate the use of antibiotics and is a potential tool for the management of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pharmacological, phytochemical and in-vivo toxicological perspectives of a xero-halophyte medicinal plant: Zaleya pentandra (L.) Jeffrey. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110535. [PMID: 31154083 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study endeavours to investigate the phytochemical composition, biological properties and in vivo toxicity of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Zaleya pentandra (L.) Jeffrey. Total bioactive contents, antioxidant (phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC) and enzyme inhibition (cholinesterases, tyrosinase α-amylase, and α-glucosidase) potential were assessed utilizing in vitro bioassays. UHPLC-MS phytochemical profiling was carried out to identify the essential compounds. The methanol extract was found to contain highest phenolic (22.60 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (31.49 mg QE/g) contents which correlate with its most significant radical scavenging, reducing potential and tyrosinase inhibition. The dichloromethane extract was most potent for phosphomolybdenum, ferrous chelation, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and cholinesterase inhibition assays. UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol extract unveiled to identify 11 secondary metabolites belonging to five sub-groups, i.e., phenolic, alkaloid, carbohydrate, terpenoid, and fatty acid derivatives. Additionally, in vivo toxicity was conducted for 21 days and the methanol extract at different doses (150, 200, 250 and 300 mg/kg) was administered in experimental chicks divided into five groups each containing five individuals. Different physical, haematological and biochemical parameters along with the absolute and relative weight of visceral body organs were studied. Overall, no toxic effect was noted for the extract at tested doses.
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Yang M, Wu Z, Wang Y, Kai G, Singor Njateng GS, Cai S, Cao J, Cheng G. Acute and subacute toxicity evaluation of ethanol extract from aerial parts of Epigynum auritum in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110534. [PMID: 31150781 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute and subacute toxicities of the ethanol extract from Epigynum auritum (EAE) wereperformed by oral administration in pathogen-free mice. Acute toxicity study was performed at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days, while subacute toxicity test was conducted by daily oral administration of EAE at doses of 312, 625, 1250, and 2500 mg/kg for 28 days. Acute toxicity study showed that LD50 of EAE was over 5000 mg/kg. The results of subacute toxicity showed no significant adverse effect of EAE at 312 mg/kg. Moreover, EAE exhibited toxicities to liver, spleen and kidney in mice determined by hematological, serum biochemical and histological analyses during daily oral administration of 1250 mg/kg and 2500 mg/kg EAE. The results revealed that the dose of EAE lower than 625 mg/kg can be regarded as safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Yang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihuan Wu
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Guy Sedar Singor Njateng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Toxicity Assessment of Chinese Herbal Medicine Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9819643. [PMID: 30949225 PMCID: PMC6425418 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9819643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cynomorium songaricum Rupr, known as Suo Yang, is most commonly used to treat fatigue, protect the liver, and invigorate kidneys in Northwest China. Given the wide medicinal utilisation and lack of safety evaluation, this work evaluated the acute toxicity, genetic toxicity, and 90-day repeated oral toxicity of Suo Yang. Twenty Kunming mice were orally given Suo Yang once and observed for 14 days in the acute toxicity test. The genetic toxicity of Suo Yang was tested using in vivo and vitro assays (bacterial reverse mutation test, mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, and spermatocyte chromosomal aberration assay). In the 90-day repeated oral toxicity study, 80 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and then orally given Suo Yang at different concentrations (1.04, 2.08 or 4.16 g/kg), while the control group was given sterile water. In the acute toxicity test, no abnormal behaviour or mortality was found in mice. The results suggest that the maximum tolerable dose of Suo Yang is greater than 15 g/kg. In the genotoxicity studies, no revertant colonies were produced in vitro. In the in vivo assays, no increased frequencies of micronuclei or structural abnormalities of spermatocyte chromosomes were found. In the 90-day repeated oral toxicity study, no significant toxicological manifestations were observed in haematological parameters or clinical and pathological examinations. In summary, these results suggest that Suo Yang at the given doses does not cause adverse effects in animals. Thus, Suo Yang can reasonably be considered a safe herbal medicine.
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Wu Z, Ma Y, Zhao L, Cai S, Cheng G. Acute and subchronic toxicities of the ethanol and hot-water extracts from Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.) fruits by oral administration in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gallnuts: A Potential Treasure in Anticancer Drug Discovery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4930371. [PMID: 29785193 PMCID: PMC5896229 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4930371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. In the discovery of more potent and selective anticancer drugs, the research continually expands and explores new bioactive metabolites coming from different natural sources. Gallnuts are a group of very special natural products formed through parasitic interaction between plants and insects. Though it has been traditionally used as a source of drugs for the treatment of cancerous diseases in traditional and folk medicinal systems through centuries, the anticancer properties of gallnuts are barely systematically reviewed. Objective. To evidence the traditional uses and phytochemicals and pharmacological mechanisms in anticancer aspects of gallnuts, a literature review was performed. Materials and Methods. The systematic review approach consisted of searching web-based scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The keywords for searching include gallnut, Galla Chinensis, Rhus chinensis, Rhus potaninii, Rhus punjabensis, nutgall, gall oak, Quercus infectoria, Quercus lusitanica, and galla turcica. Two reviewers extracted papers independently to remove the papers unrelated to the anticancer properties of gallnuts. Patents, abstracts, case reports, and abstracts in symposium and congress were excluded. Results and Conclusion. As a result, 14 articles were eligible to be evaluated. It is primarily evident that gallnuts contain a number of bioactive metabolites, which account for anticancer activities. The phytochemical and pharmacological studies reviewed strongly underpin a fundamental understanding of anticancer properties for gallnuts (Galla Chinensis and Galla Turcica) and support their ongoing clinical uses in China. The further bioactive compounds screening and evaluation, pharmacological investigation, and clinical trials are expected to progress gallnut-based development to finally transform the wild medicinal gallnuts to the valuable authorized anticancer drugs.
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Hu Y, Luo J, Li K, Ding T, Kong D, Zhang S, Yang S, Yang M. Multi-element determination in Schisandra chinensis fructus
by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the study of element transfer rules from herbs to decoctions. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201700011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Hu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
- School of Life Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu China
| | - Tong Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Dandan Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jilin Agricultural University; Changchun China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
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Zhang TT, Guo HJ, Liu XJ, Chu JP, Zhou XD. Galla chinensis Compounds Remineralize Enamel Caries Lesions in a Rat Model. Caries Res 2017; 50:159-65. [PMID: 27111668 DOI: 10.1159/000445036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of Galla chinensis chemical compounds on enamel caries remineralization in rats. METHODS A total of 40 rats were inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 and fed a cariogenic diet (Keyes 2000). The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated topically twice a day with each of the following extracts (or control) for 5 weeks: distilled and deionized water (DDW, negative control); 1,000 ppm NaF (positive control); 4,000 ppm G. chinensis crude aqueous extract (GCE), or 4,000 ppm gallic acid (GA). After the experimental period, Keyes' caries diagnosis and scoring technique was applied as a preliminary evaluation on the molar teeth. For more accurate remineralization data, the residual enamel volume of the first molar and the mineral density (MD) of the enamel were further analyzed by micro-CT. RESULTS The severity of molar enamel caries decreased in the following order of treatment groups: DDW > GA > GCE > NaF (p < 0.05). In addition, the residual first molar enamel volume and MD values increased in the order of DDW, GA, GCE and NaF treatment groups (p < 0.05). In most molars, remineralization layers were observed on the surface of lesions. CONCLUSION G. chinensis compounds remineralize enamel caries lesions in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Ting Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Torres-León C, Ventura-Sobrevilla J, Serna-Cock L, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Contreras-Esquivel J, Aguilar CN. Pentagalloylglucose (PGG): A valuable phenolic compound with functional properties. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Preparation of Galla Chinensis Oral Solution as well as Its Stability, Safety, and Antidiarrheal Activity Evaluation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1851459. [PMID: 28811824 PMCID: PMC5547719 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1851459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY As a widely used traditional medicine, Galla Chinensis is rich in tannins. However, there are few detailed studies about pharmaceutical preparations of Galla Chinensis tannin extract (GTE). In the present experiments, for better application and to investigate the possibility that Galla Chinensis tannin extract can be used as an antidiarrheal drug, we prepared Galla Chinensis oral solution (GOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS GOS was prepared with GTE, and its physicochemical and microbiological stability was evaluated. The oral acute toxicity of GOS was calculated by the 50% lethal dose (LD50). The antidiarrheal activity was determined in a castor oil-induced diarrhea model in mice through diarrhea symptoms, fluid accumulation ratio, and percentage of distance moved by charcoal meal. RESULTS The tannin content of GTE was 47.75%. GOS could endure a high temperature without a significant decrease of tannin content. After storage for six months, the tannin content of GOS was still more than 90%. GOS was determined to be nontoxic. Meanwhile, GOS showed significant antidiarrheal activity in a castor oil-induced diarrhea model in mice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results suggested that GOS is an effective and stable antidiarrheal drug that can be used to complement other therapies.
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Zhou X, Rong Q, Xu M, Zhang Y, Dong Q, Xiao Y, Liu Q, Chen H, Yang X, Yu K, Li Y, Zhao L, Ye G, Shi F, Lv C. Safety pharmacology and subchronic toxicity of jinqing granules in rats. BMC Vet Res 2017. [PMID: 28623915 PMCID: PMC5474005 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jinqing granules which are made of a mixture extract that contains Radix Tinosporae and Canarii fructus in proportions according to a longstanding formula have a good effect on the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcer disease. It has not been through safety through systematic toxicological studies, however. To provide basis for clinical application, we performed safety pharmacology and subchronic toxicity experiments in specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats. Results In safety pharmacology experiments, Jinqing granules had no evident adverse effects on the central nervous, cardiovascular, or respiratory systems. In subchronic toxicity study, 2–8 g/kg of Jinqing granules induced no evident adverse effects on Clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water intake, death daily, indicators of urine, hematological assay, serum biochemistry, organ coefficient and histopathological examination. However, the 16 g/kg dose was associated with slightly slowed weight growth, decreased number of sperm in seminiferous tubules and increased values of serum aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin. During the 30-day feeding test, 3 rats that received the 16 g/kg dose died, but the deaths were most likely due to trauma of oral gavage, not to drug toxicity. Conclusion Jinqing granules given to Sprague-Dawley rats orally for 30 days at a dose of 8 g/kg or less appears safe, but higher doses were not proven safe. The significance of these observations with respect to animal usage of Jinqing granules deserves thorough investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanli Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanling Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiji Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Helin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaisheng Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
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Zhang T, Chu J, Zhou X. Anti-carious Effects ofGalla chinensis: A Systematic Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1837-42. [PMID: 26331796 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tieting Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450000 China
| | - Jinpu Chu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450000 China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dental Science; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
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Go J, Kim JE, Koh EK, Song SH, Seung JE, Park CK, Lee HA, Kim HS, Lee JH, An BS, Yang SY, Lim Y, Hwang DY. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of gallotannin-enriched extract isolated from Galla Rhois in ICR mice. Lab Anim Res 2015; 31:101-10. [PMID: 26472962 PMCID: PMC4602076 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2015.31.3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of Galla Rhois (GR) toward the liver and kidney of ICR mice, alterations in related markers including body weight, organ weight, urine composition, liver pathology and kidney pathology were analyzed after oral administration of 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg body weight/day of gallotannin-enriched extract of GR (GEGR) for 14 days. GEGR contained 68.7±2.5% of gallotannin, 25.3±0.9% of gallic acid and 4.4±0.1% of methyl gallate. Also, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, was decreased with 19% in the serum of high dose GEGR (HGEGR)-treated mice. The body and organ weight, clinical phenotypes, urine parameters and mice mortality did not differ among GEGR-treated groups and the vehicle-treated group. Furthermore, no significant increase was observed in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the serum creatinine (Cr) in the GEGR-treated group relative to the vehicle-treated group. Moreover, the specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds such as CCl4 were not observed upon liver and kidney histological analysis. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that GEGR does not induce any specific toxicity in liver and kidney organs of ICR at doses of 1,000 mg/kg body weight/day, indicating that this is no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Go
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Koh
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Seung
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Chan-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hong-Sung Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Nursing and Healthcare Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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