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Shafi S, Khurana N, Gupta J. PPAR gamma agonistic activity of dillapiole: protective effects against diabetic nephropathy. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38563125 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2334323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Using structural similarity approach we identified dillapiole, a phenylpropanoid, the main component of Piper aduncum L. and Anethum graveolens L. essential oils as potential PPARγ agonist. Molecular docking revealed that dillapiole binds to the active site of PPARγ, similar to pioglitazone binding. In silico ADME studies showed that dillapiole has high water solubility and GI absorption. Dillapiole was also observed to be partial agonist of PPARγ receptors with EC50 of 43.95 µM. In BHK-21 cells cultured under hyperglycaemic conditions, dillapiole administration reduced oxidative stress and prevented decrease in histone H3 acetylation (k9/14) levels. In HFD + STZ induced diabetic mice, dillapiole treatment for 7 days was able to improve renal functions and decrease plasma glucose level to 138.39 ± 12.36 mg/dl along with decreasing total cholesterol (29%), triglycerides (48.8%), LDL (24.7%), and VLDL (65%) levels in serum. These results show that dillapiole is a potential PPARγ-agonist and thus needs to explore further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Shafi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Kazeminasab F, Baharlooie M, Rezazadeh H, Soltani N, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of aerobic exercise on liver function, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in prediabetic and type 2 diabetic mice. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114340. [PMID: 37648184 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the expression of gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance key genes; including insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1), a serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt), forkhead box class-O 1 (FoxO1) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) genes, and lipid profiles following either a standard or a high-fat diet (HFD) and either an aerobic exercise or non-exercise intervention in prediabetic and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice. METHODS 24 male mice were randomly assigned to two groups fed with a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for 12 weeks. The mice in each group were again randomly assigned to two groups to create four groups in total: 1. Prediabetes-exercised (Prediabetes-Exe), 2. Prediabetes-non exercised (Prediabetes-Non exe), 3. Healthy-exercised (Healthy-Exe), and 4. Healthy-non exercised (Healthy-Non exe). Eighteen additional male mice were fed with the HFD for 8 weeks, after which streptozotocin (STZ) was administered. The mice were then fed the HFD for an additional 4 weeks. These T2DM mice were then randomly divided into two groups: 1. Diabetes-exercised (Diabetic-Exe), and 2. Diabetes-Non exe. The three Exe groups all exercised on a treadmill for 8 weeks for 5 sessions/week. After the last training session, liver tissue was extracted, and the expression of Irs1, Akt, FoxO1, and Pepck genes was measured using real time quantitative Polymerase chain reaction tests. Lipid profiles were measured in serum and in the liver. RESULTS The expression of both Irs1 and Akt was significantly increased in the Healthy-Exe, Prediabetes-Exe, and Diabetes-Exe groups as compared to the Healthy-Non exe, Prediabetes-Non exe, and Diabetes-Non exe groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, the expression of FoxO1 (p < 0.05) and Pepck (p < 0.001) decreased significantly in the Prediabetes-Exe, and Diabetes-Exe groups as compared to the Prediabetes-non exe, and Diabetes-Non exe groups. Aerobic exercise did not lead to reductions in FoxO1 or Pepck expression in the Healthy-Exe mice. CONCLUSIONS Eight weeks of aerobic exercise (5 sessions/week) significantly increased the expression of key genes that are important for maintaining glucose homeostasis and improving insulin resistance (Irs1 and Akt), and decreased expression of genes that are important for decreasing gluconeogenesis in the liver (FoxO1 and Pepck) in healthy, prediabetic, and T2DM mice. The lipid profiles improved in healthy, prediabetic, and T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Baharlooie
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezazadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Qiu Y, Song W, Yang Y, Zhou G, Bai Y, Akihisa T, Ye F, Feng F, Zhang W, Zhang J. Isolation, structural and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123883. [PMID: 36889614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. (A. roxburghii), a valuable herbal medicine in China, has great medicinal and edible value. Polysaccharides, as one of the main active components of A. roxburghii, comprise glucose, arabinose, xylose, galactose, rhamnose, and mannose in different molar ratios and glycosidic bond types. By varying the sources and extraction methods of A. roxburghii polysaccharides (ARPS), different structural characteristics and pharmacological activities can be elucidated. ARPS has been reported to exhibit antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and immune regulation activities. This review summarizes the available literature on the extraction and purification methods, structural features, biological activities, and applications of ARPS. The shortcomings of the current research and potential focus in future studies are also highlighted. This review provides systematic and current information on ARPS to promote their further exploitation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenbo Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guojie Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yidan Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Toshihiro Akihisa
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Feng Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wangshu Zhang
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Tian D, Zhong X, Fu L, Zhu W, Liu X, Wu Z, Li Y, Li X, Li X, Tao X, Wei Q, Yang X, Huang Y. Therapeutic effect and mechanism of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus Roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. in diet-induced obesity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154031. [PMID: 35272243 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. (ARPs) can reduce blood glucose levels, ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation. However, whether ARPs have a beneficial effect on diet-induced obesity remain to be determined. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of ARPs in improving obesity and metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS In this study, 6-week-old male mice were fed with HFD or chow diet for 13 weeks, and a dietary supplementation with ARPs was carried out. Glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed to measure the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue and liver were isolated for analysis by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunostaining. RESULTS At week 13, body weight and fat mass were significantly increased by HFD, but ARPs supplementation abolished these phenotypes. Compared with HFD group, thermogenic genes including Ucp-1, Pgc-1α, Prdm16 and Dio2 in adipose tissue were up-regulated in ARPs-treated mice. In addition, ARPs decreased liver lipid accumulation by reducing lipid synthesis and increasing oxidation. Meanwhile, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance induced by HFD were improved by ARPs. Mechanistically, ARPs can promote fat thermogenesis via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation of ARPs can protect mice against diet-induced obesity, fatty liver and insulin resistance. Our study reveals a potential therapeutic effect for ARPs in regulating energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liya Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wanlong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ophthalmic Optics, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Cancer Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xuesen Li
- Institute of Cancer Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xuemei Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qiming Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xuping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yilan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Wu T, Li S, Huang Y, He Z, Zheng Y, Stalin A, Shao Q, Lin D. Structure and pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Karinchai J, Budluang P, Temviriyanukul P, Ting P, Nuchuchua O, Wongnoppavich A, Imsumran A, Pitchakarn P. Bioassay-guided study of the anti-inflammatory effect of Anoectochilus burmannicus ethanolic extract in RAW 264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114452. [PMID: 34311061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus species is a small terrestrial orchid found in tropical and subtropical rain forest. These orchids are traditionally used extensively in China, Taiwan, and Vietnam due to their medicinal properties and therapeutic benefits. They are employed for treatment in different systems, such as stomach disorders, chest pain, arthritis, tumor, piles, boils, menstrual disorders, and inflammation. Aqueous extract of Anoectochilus burmannicus (AB) has been previously reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities, however there is a lack of evidence regarding its bioactive compounds and the mechanism of its actions. AIM OF THE STUDY The objectives of this study were to identify the anti-inflammatory compound(s) in an ethanolic extract of AB and to determine its anti-inflammatory mechanisms in LPS-stimulated macrophages and also its safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanolic extract of AB (ABE) was prepared and subsequently subjected to polarity-dependent extraction using n-hexane and ethyl acetate, which would result in isolation of the n-hexane (ABH), ethyl acetate (ABEA), and residue or aqueous (ABA) fractions. The AB fractions were investigated to determine total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, toxicity, and safety in RAW 264.7 macrophages, human PBMCs, and RBCs. After extraction anti-inflammation screening of each extract was performed by nitric oxide (NO) production assay. The active fractions were further examined for their effect on proinflammatory mediators. In addition, kinsenoside content in the active fractions was identified using LC-MS/MS. Cellular toxicity and genotoxicity of AB were also tested using the wing spot test in Drosophila melanogaster. RESULTS The data showed that ABEA had the highest phenolic content and level of antioxidant activities. ABE, ABEA, and ABA, but not ABH, significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated NO production in the macrophages. Both ABEA and ABA reduced LPS-mediated expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Besides, only ABEA notably diminished the LPS-stimulated p65 phosphorylation required for nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Interestingly, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed ABA contained a high level of kinsenoside, a likely anti-inflammatory compound, while ABE and ABEA might require other compounds in combination with kinsenoside for the inhibition of inflammation. It was shown that all active fractions were neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the hydrophilic fractions of AB exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The mechanism used by the AB involves the scavenging of free radicals and the reduction of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NO, iNOS and COX-2. The anti-inflammatory action of AB involves the suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway by some unknown component(s) present in ABEA. This study found that kinsenoside is a major active compound in ABA which could be used as a biomarker for the quality control of the plant extraction. This study provides convincing significant information in vitro regarding the anti-inflammatory mechanism and preliminary evidence of the safety of Anoectochilus burmanicus. Therefore, the knowledge acquired from this study would provide supportive evidence for the development and standardization of the use of the extract of this plant as alternative medicine or functional food to prevent or treat non-communicable chronic diseases related to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirarat Karinchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Phatcharaporn Budluang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand; Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Pisamai Ting
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Onanong Nuchuchua
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Ariyaphong Wongnoppavich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Arisa Imsumran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Kazeminasab F, Marandi SM, Baharlooie M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K. Modulation and bioinformatics screening of hepatic mRNA-lncRNAs (HML) network associated with insulin resistance in prediabetic and exercised mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:75. [PMID: 34284789 PMCID: PMC8290563 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance is associated with prediabetes and further progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to investigate novel hepatic lncRNAs associated with key genes in insulin resistance in prediabetes.
Methods In the bioinformatics phase, we have collected screened a pool of lncRNAs and mRNAs according to their potential association to prediabetic condition. We performed pathway analysis of mRNAs, using DAVID tool based on KEGG repository data. Then, we used Python programming language to get a subset of lncRNAs located in 50 kb proximity with high-fat (HF)-responsive mRNAs. In the experimental phase, prediabetic mice model was established by the treatment of HF diets for 12 weeks. After this treatment, HF-fed animals were divided into two groups of endurance exercised or sedentary, both continuing on the HF diet for 8 weeks. Besides, a group of diabetic mice was treated using a HF diet for 8 weeks followed by injection with STZ solution and then a HF diet for another 4 weeks. Results We found three genes having paired lncRNAs annotated in insulin resistance pathway. Their hepatic expression levels were altered in prediabetic condition as upregulation of Srebf1 was associated with GM38501, upregulation of Pck1 was associated with Ctcflos and GM36691, downregulation of Cpt1b was associated with GM44502. All of these expression patterns were replicated in diabetic mice, correlated positively with their predicted lncRNAs. Interestingly, exercise reversed their expression patterns. Conclusions We suggest that the expression pattern of the hepatic mRNA-lncRNA (HML) network in prediabetic state undergoes similar modification to that of diabetes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00600-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Azadi Sq., Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran. .,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kashan, Ravand Street, Kashan, 87317-35153, Iran.
| | - Sayed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Azadi Sq., Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Maryam Baharlooie
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Azadi Sq., Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan Street, Salman Ave, Khorasgan Square, Jey Ave, Isfahan, 81593-58686, Iran.
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Azadi Sq., Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
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Chen Y, Tan CS, Ng CH, Yam MF, Wu S, Sun Z. Development of a HPTLC method with iterative calibration approach for quantitative evaluation of kinsenoside content in different types of Anoectochilus roxburghii. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gao H, Ding L, Liu R, Zheng X, Xia X, Wang F, Qi J, Tong W, Qiu Y. Characterization of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide and its therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:259-269. [PMID: 33675836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii is a traditional herb in China that can be potentially used to treat diabetes. A novel polysaccharide ARLP-W was isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii by chromatography on DEAE-52 cellulose. Chemical analysis indicated that ARLP-W (8.1 × 104 Da) was mainly composed of mannose and glucose. The main linkages of glycosidic bonds of ARLP-W were β-1, 4-Manp and α-1, 4-Glcp. The terminal Glcp was connected to Manp-via O-3. RT-qPCR and western blotting analysis showed that ARLP-W caused a significant reduction in the levels of the key gluconeogenesis enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in the liver. The results of the insulin resistance tests indicated that ARLP-W increased glucose absorption. These results indicate that ARLP-W has a good therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes and can assist with further development and application treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashan Gao
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Linlin Ding
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Xichao Xia
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Fuan Wang
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Jinxu Qi
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Weishuang Tong
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China.
| | - Yuanhao Qiu
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China.
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Purification, structure and conformation characterization of a novel glucogalactan from Anoectochilus roxburghii. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:547-557. [PMID: 33636275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii (AR) has been used in food, medicine and ornamental industries for a long time. Anion exchange resin was proposed to purify the sub-fraction of water-extracted AR polysaccharide (ARPP-70), and a homogeneous polysaccharide ARPP-70a was obtained. The structural features of ARPP-70a were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and high performance size exclusion chromatograph coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering (HPSEC-MALLS). The relative weight average molecular weight for ARPP-70a was determined to be 14.8 kDa, and the molar ratio of glucose to galactose was 1.0:3.2. The structure of ARPP-70a was elucidated to be glucogalactan, with backbone comprising β-1,4-linked Galp and some α-1,4-linked Glcp. The conformation characteristics of ARPP-70a were supposed to exist as a random coil chain in 0.1 M NaNO3 solution. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant activity assays revealed ARPP-70a exhibited appreciable antioxidant potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to obtain this type of glucogalactan, and provide systematic information on its structural and conformational properties. This study improved the understanding of the physicochemical characteristics of AR polysaccharide, which is beneficial for its further application in food and medicinal industry.
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Zeng B, Su M, Chen Q, Chang Q, Wang W, Li H. Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice by metabolomic analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Chen X, Meng Z, Guo S. Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungus Ceratobasidium sp. AR2 on the Flavonoid Accumulation in Anoectochilus roxburghii during Different Growth Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020564. [PMID: 31952330 PMCID: PMC7013922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii is a traditional Chinese herb with high medicinal value, with main bioactive constituents which are flavonoids. It commonly associates with mycorrhizal fungi for its growth and development. Moreover, mycorrhizal fungi can induce changes in the internal metabolism of host plants. However, its role in the flavonoid accumulation in A. roxburghii at different growth stages is not well studied. In this study, combined metabolome and transcriptome analyses were performed to investigate the metabolic and transcriptional profiling in mycorrhizal A. roxburghii (M) and non-mycorrhizal A. roxburghii (NM) growth for six months. An association analysis revealed that flavonoid biosynthetic pathway presented significant differences between the M and NM. Additionally, the structural genes related to flavonoid synthesis and different flavonoid metabolites in both groups over a period of six months were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that Ceratobasidium sp. AR2 could increase the accumulation of five flavonol-glycosides (i.e., narcissin, rutin, isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-d-glucoside, quercetin-7-O-glucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside), two flavonols (i.e., quercetin and isorhamnetin), and two flavones (i.e., nobiletin and tangeretin) to some degrees. The qRT-PCR showed that the flavonoid biosynthetic genes (PAL, 4CL, CHS, GT, and RT) were significantly differentially expressed between the M and NM. Overall, our findings indicate that AR2 induces flavonoid metabolism in A. roxburghii during different growth stages, especially in the third month. This shows great potential of Ceratobasidium sp. AR2 for the quality improvement of A. roxburghii.
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Liu Y, Tang T, Duan S, Li C, Lin Q, Wu H, Liu A, Hu B, Wu D, Li S, Shen L, Wu W. The purification, structural characterization and antidiabetic activity of a polysaccharide from Anoectochilus roxburghii. Food Funct 2020; 11:3730-3740. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00860h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been widely used for treating numerous chronic diseases.
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Wang HY, Zhao JG, Wei ZG, Zhang YQ. The renal protection of flavonoid-rich ethanolic extract from silkworm green cocoon involves in inhibiting TNF-α-p38 MAP kinase signalling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Zhao S, Zhang S, Zhang W, Gao Y, Rong C, Wang H, Liu Y, Wong JH, Ng T. First demonstration of protective effects of purified mushroom polysaccharide-peptides against fatty liver injury and the mechanisms involved. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13725. [PMID: 31548551 PMCID: PMC6757109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver (FLD) disease is a consequence of metabolic syndrome, which is a health problem worldwide with a phenomenal rise in prevalence. In this study, two hepatoprotective polysaccharide-peptides were extracted from the mushroom Auricularia polytricha followed by chromatographic fractionation of the extract on the ion exchanger DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex-200 to yield two purified fractions: APPI and APPII. The monosaccharide compositions, FT-IR, N-terminal sequences, internal peptide sequences and molecular weights of the two fractions were determined. Furthermore, their hepatoprotective effect on human hepatoma HepG2 cells in vitro and in an animal model of fatty liver disease was evidenced by the findings that APPI and APPII diminished lipid deposit in cells, blood and the liver, increased cellular antioxidant activity and viability, and protected the liver against injury. The mechanistic study revealed that APPI and APPII activated the adiponectin pathway, up-regulated expression of genes controlling free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation, such as AMPK, CPTl, ACOX1 and PPARα genes, enhanced lipid metabolism, preserved hepatic function, promoted the antioxidant defense system and reduced lipid peroxidation. Hence the bioactive compounds of A. polytricha could serve as therapeutic agents in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shuman Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Beijing Xicheng District Health Care Center for Mothers and Children, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chengbo Rong
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tzibun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Guo Y, Ye Q, Yang S, Wu J, Ye B, Wu Y, Huang Z, Zheng C. Therapeutic effects of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 122:882-892. [PMID: 30408452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii, a famous Chinese herbal medicine, has been commonly used for the treatment of liver disease, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Our study aimed to investigate the anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects of A. roxburghii polysaccharides (ARP), using the rat's model of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). ARP was prepared by alcohol sedimentation and structurally characterized based on combined chemical, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography-Multiangle Laser Light Scattering-Refrative Index (HPSEC-MALLS-RI) analysis revealed that ARP includes two peaks, and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the principal one was estimated as 5.90 kDa with a relative content of 98.2%. Pharmacological results exhibited that ARP significantly decreased the arthritis index and ameliorated the inflammatory cell infiltration and the synovial tissue destruction in CIA rats. Additionally, ARP possessed significant NO production inhibitory effects and antioxidant activity. Further anti-inflammatory mechanism investigations indicated that ARP significantly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway by suppressing the phosphorylation of IκB and p65, which subsequently down-regulated the mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These findings suggested that ARP has great potential in the development of functional foods and dietary supplements for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoli Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuling Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jinzhong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Bingzhu Ye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanbin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Zehao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Wang W, Su M, Li H, Zeng B, Chang Q, Lai Z. Effects of supplemental lighting with different light qualities on growth and secondary metabolite content of Anoectochilus roxburghii. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5274. [PMID: 30038873 PMCID: PMC6054866 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anoectochilus roxburghii is a widespread herbaceous plant with high medicinal value. Wild A. roxburghii resources face extinction due to their slow growth rate and over exploitation. The growing market demand has led to advances in the field of artificial planting of A. roxburghii. Methods to increase the economic benefits of cultivation and the production of medicinal ingredients are very useful. Methods A. roxburghii was exposed to red light, blue light (BL), yellow light (YL), green light, or white light as supplemental lighting at night (18:00-02:00) in a greenhouse or were left in darkness (control, CK) to investigate the effects of various light qualities on growth indices, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, root vitality, stomatal density, soluble proteins, sugars, and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Results Supplementation of BL had a positive effect on A. roxburghii growth and secondary metabolite accumulation. Leaf number, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll a content, and secondary metabolite (total flavonoids, total polyphenols) content increased significantly. YL treatment showed significantly higher soluble sugar and polysaccharide contents than the control. Discussion BL treatment was conducive to promoting the growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites (total flavonoids, total polyphenols); YL treatment significantly increased the content of soluble sugar and polysaccharides more than the control. Polysaccharides and total flavonoids are important medicinal ingredients of Anoectochilus, so future research will focus on the combination of blue and YL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Minghua Su
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Biyu Zeng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Chang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Involvement of the TGFβ1- ILK-Akt signaling pathway in the effects of hesperidin in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:766-772. [PMID: 29909344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the manifestations of systemic microangiopathy in diabetes. Hesperetin, a natural flavanone glycoside compound in citrus fruits, has been demonstrated to exert hypoglycemic effects and protect kidney in experimental diabetic animals. The current study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the hypoglycemic effects of hesperetin in high-fat/streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. The results showed that mice in whom hesperetin was administered for 4 weeks attenuated the increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance ability that was observed in high-fat/STZ mice. In addition, we found that hesperetin ameliorated the abnormalities of biochemical parameters in serum, liver, and kidney of mice with diabetic nephropathy. Hesperetin also rescued the irregular distortions in glomerular basement membrane and expanded mesangial regions. Moreover, hesperetin repaired the function of podocyte by increasing renal nephrin expression and decreasing renal alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. Furthermore, hesperetin inhibited the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and its downstream effectors integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and Akt. In conclusion, our study implies that hesperetin produced protective effects in diabetic nephropathy possibly by suppressing TGF-β1-ILK-Akt signaling.
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Ye S, Shao Q, Zhang A. Anoectochilus roxburghii: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:184-202. [PMID: 28755972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii (Orchidaceae), also known as Jinxianlian (Simplified Chinese: ) and Jinxianlan (Simplified Chinese: ), is valued in many Asian countries, where this plant species is used for medicinal, culinary, and ornamental purposes. As a food, A. roxburghii is widely used as a treatment booster and medicine because of its various beneficial properties; these include, most notably, the curative effects of heat dissipation and cooling of blood, elimination of dampness, detoxification, and immunity enhancement. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications of A. roxburghii. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on A. roxburghii was obtained by an online search of worldwide-accepted scientific databases (Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Springer, NCBI, ACS Publications, CNKI, and Wanfang data). RESULTS Phytochemical investigations have revealed that the major chemical constituents of A. roxburghii are polysaccharides, flavonoids, glycosides, organic acids, volatile compounds, steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, and nucleosides. These compounds have been proven to be the main bioactive substances responsible for pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antilipemic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, liver protective, renal protective, immunomodulatory, abirritant, sedative, and antineoplastic effects. CONCLUSIONS A variety of dosage forms of A. roxburghii are currently being applied to patients suffering from hyperuricemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic hepatitis B, Helicobacter pylori infection, cough-variant asthma, and other conditions. Nevertheless, further research is needed to clarify A. roxburghii absorption, distribution, metabolic, and excretion pathways. Moreover, the toxicology in A. roxburghii and A. formosanus are also in urgent need of research, especially long-term in vivo chronic toxicity tests need to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qingsong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Liu ZL, Zhang JG, Liu Q, Yi LT, Li YM, Li Y. The vascular protective effects of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose under high glucose conditions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:192-199. [PMID: 28286103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii has been used as a health food and a herb for treatment diabetes in China for hundreds years. Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharose (ARP) is the major active component of the plant. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigated the vascular protection of ARP in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypoglycemic activity of ARP was examined in diabetic mice. Moreover, the further vascular protective effects in vitro were investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by high glucose (HG, 35mM). RESULTS Compared with untreated diabetic mice, ARP (100 or 300mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in blood glucose levels. Histological examination showed that ARP ameliorated endothelial damage to some extent, especially ARP at dosage of 300mg/kg. In vitro assay, pretreatment with ARP (10, 20 and 30μg/mL) markedly inhibited generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in HG-induced HUVECs. ARP pretreatment not only suppressed HG-induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity via increasing the expression of the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), but also adjusted the MMPs/TIMPs balance to maintain homeostasis of vascular structure. Moreover, pretreatment with ARP could significantly reduce p-NF-κB p65, p-p38 MAPK expression levels in HG-induced HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS The vascular protective effects of ARP might be associated with NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathway. ARP might be used as useful substance in the treatment of vasculopathy in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Jian-Gang Zhang
- Institute of pathology, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Yu-Meng Li
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Zeng B, Su M, Chen Q, Chang Q, Wang W, Li H. Protective effect of a polysaccharide from Anoectochilus roxburghii against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 200:124-135. [PMID: 28229921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. is traditionally used for the treatment of various types of chronic and acute hepatitis in China. Considering that Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide (ARPT) is the main constituent of Anoectochilus roxburghii, the present study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of ARPT and its possible mechanism in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The hepatoprotective activity of ARPT (150, 300 and 500mg/kg) were investigated on CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice. The activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined in serum. The hepatic levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in liver homogenates. The levels of cytochrome P450 sub family 2E1 (CYP2E1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), KC (Murine IL-8 ortholog), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expressions of CYP2E1, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and caspase-3 were evaluated by western blot assays. The hepatic levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-2 and TGF-β1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, histopathological observation and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) were carried out on the separated livers of mice. RESULTS ARPT significantly decreased serum ALT and AST activities, hepatic MDA level, and markedly enhanced antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) activities and GSH level in hepatic tissue, in a dose-dependent manner, when compared to the model group. Histopathological observation revealed the hepatoprotective effect of ARPT against the damage. Furthermore, ARPT remarkably inhibited CYP2E1 mRNA expression, decreased NF-κB p65 expression and therefore to prevent the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-2 and KC), suppressed TGF-β1 expression and hepatocytes apoptosis. Moreover, ARPT could prevent DNA fragmentation based on TUNEL assay results. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that ARPT possessed hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and the action might in part be through reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Minghua Su
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Qingxi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, 361006 Xiamen, China
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Water metabolism dysfunction via renin-angiotensin system activation caused by liver damage in mice treated with microcystin-RR. Toxicol Lett 2017; 273:86-96. [PMID: 28330766 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are a group of monocyclic heptapeptide toxins that have been shown to act as potent hepatotoxins. However, the observed symptoms of water metabolism disruption induced by microcystin-RR (MC-RR) or MCs have rarely been reported, and a relatively clear mechanism has not been identified. In the present study, male mice were divided into 4 groups (A: 140μg/kg, B: 70μg/kg,C: 35μg/kg, and D: 0μg/kg) and administered MC-RR daily for a month. On day 8 of treatment, an increase in water intake and urine output was observed in the high-dose group compared with the control, and the symptoms worsened with the repeated administration of the toxin until day 30. In addition, the urine specific gravity decreased and serum enzymes that can reflect hepatic damage increased in the high-dose group compared with the control (P<0.05). The mRNA level of angiotensinogen (AGT) in hepatocytes was upregulated to approximately 150% of the control (P<0.05), and the serum renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was activated in the high-dose group; however, signs of renal injury were not observed throughout the experiment. After the toxin treatment was completed, the high levels of the RAS and vasopressin in group A returned to normal levels within 1 week. As expected, the symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia also disappeared. Therefore, we propose that water metabolism dysfunction occurs via RAS activation caused by liver damage because the increased serum RAS levels in the experiment were consistent with the increased urine output and water intake in the mice during the observation period. In addition, we found for the first time that a RAS blocker could alleviate the observed polyuria and polydipsia and inactivate the high level of the RAS induced by MC-RR in a dose-dependent manner, which further supported our hypothesis.
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Yang Z, Zhang X, Yang L, Pan Q, Li J, Wu Y, Chen M, Cui S, Yu J. Protective effect of Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide against CCl 4 -induced oxidative liver damage in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:442-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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