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Li X, Han M, Song X, Sun M, Xu L, Liang Y, Shen Y, Song Y, Zhang J, Chen W, Zhao M, Wu L, Hu D, He M, Tian T, Feng Y, Wan L, Yu P, Li H, Wen X, Li J, Langxi L, Wang J, Kuang T, Jia M, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Characteristics and comparative study of medicinal materials between China and India based on data mining from literatures. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118409. [PMID: 38823662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE China and India have unique traditional medicine systems with vast territory and rich medical resources. Traditional medicines in China include traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Uyghur medicine, Dai medicine, etc. In the third national survey of Chinese medicine resources, 12694 medicinal materials were identified. Traditional medicines in India include Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy, etc. There are 7263 medicinal materials in India. AIM OF THE STUDY To reveal the characteristics of medicinal materials between China and India respectively, and to compare the similarities and differences in terms of properties, tastes, medicinal parts and therapeutic uses and to promote the exchange of traditional medicine between China and India and the international trade of traditional medicine industry. METHODS The information of medicinal materials between China and India was extracted from The Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Records and Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, as well as from 71 Indian herbal monographs. The information of each medicinal material, such as types, families, genera, properties, distribution, medicinal parts, efficacy, therapeutic uses, dosage form and dosage, was recorded in Excel for statistical analysis and visual comparison. RESULTS A total of 12694 medicinal materials in China and 5362 medicinal materials in India were identified. The medicinal materials were mostly distributed in Southwest China and northern India. Plants were the main sources of medicinal materials. The common medicinal parts in China were whole medicinal materials, roots and rhizomes, and India used more renewable fruits, seeds and leaves. They are commonly used in the treatment of digestive system diseases. There were 1048 medicinal materials used by both China and India, which were distributed in 188 families and 685 genera. The Chinese and Indian pharmacopoeias had a total of 80 species of medicinal materials used by both China and India. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of medicinal materials between China and India were somewhat different, which was conducive to provide a reference basis for traditional medicine in China or India to increase the medicinal parts and indications when using a certain medicinal material, as well as to expand the source of medicine and introduce new resources. However, there were certain similarities and shared medicinal materials, which can tap the potential of bilateral trade of medicinal materials between China and India, so as to promote the medical cultural exchange and economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengtian Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xinyang Song
- Center for International Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ming Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Center for International Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunhui Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yinglian Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wanyue Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meiling Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Deming Hu
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mingjie He
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Taotao Tian
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ying Feng
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Luoting Wan
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuehan Wen
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinze Li
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lachu Langxi
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Minru Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Research Institute of Traditional Indian Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Chen X, Bahramimehr F, Shahhamzehei N, Fu H, Lin S, Wang H, Li C, Efferth T, Hong C. Anti-aging effects of medicinal plants and their rapid screening using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155665. [PMID: 38768535 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is the primary risk factor of most chronic diseases in humans, including cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases, which extensively damage the quality of life for elderly individuals. Aging is a multifaceted process with numerous factors affecting it. Efficient model organisms are essential for the research and development of anti-aging agents, particularly when investigating pharmacological mechanisms are needed. PURPOSE This review discusses the application of Caenorhabditis elegans for studying aging and its related signaling pathways, and presents an overview of studies exploring the mechanism and screening of anti-aging agents in C. elegans. Additionally, the review summarizes related clinical trials of anti-aging agents to inspire the development of new medications. METHOD Literature was searched, analyzed, and collected using PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The search terms used were "anti-aging", "medicinal plants", "synthetic compounds", "C. elegans", "signal pathway", etc. Several combinations of these keywords were used. Studies conducted in C. elegans or humans were included. Articles were excluded, if they were on studies conducted in silico or in vitro or could not offer effective data. RESULTS Four compounds mainly derived through synthesis (metformin, rapamycin, nicotinamide mononucleotide, alpha-ketoglutarate) and four active ingredients chiefly obtained from plants (resveratrol, quercetin, Astragalus polysaccharide, ginsenosides) are introduced emphatically. These compounds and active ingredients exhibit potential anti-aging effects in preclinical and clinical studies. The screening of these anti-aging agents and the investigation of their pharmacological mechanisms can benefit from the use of C. elegans. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants provide valuable resource for the treatment of diseases. A wide source of raw materials for the particular plant medicinal compounds having anti-aging effects meet diverse pharmaceutical requirements, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammation and alleviating oxidative stress. C. elegans possesses advantages in scientific research including short life cycle, small size, easy maintenance, genetic tractability and conserved biological processes related to aging. C. elegans can be used for the efficient and rapid evaluation of compounds with the potential to slow down aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Faranak Bahramimehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nasim Shahhamzehei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huangjie Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Siyi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Chunlan Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Tomou EM, Peppa E, Trichopoulou A. Consumption of herbal infusions/decoctions and tea in Greece: a Planeterranean perspective on the results of Hydria survey. J Transl Med 2023; 21:899. [PMID: 38082315 PMCID: PMC10714537 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of various herbal infusions was and is common in the traditional Mediterranean diet, and apparently are used in many other regions of the world outside of the Mediterranean region. The present study aimed to investigate the consumption of herbal infusions/decoctions and tea in a nationally representative sample of Greece, considering also their Planetary use. METHODS 3951 adult participants of the HYDRIA Survey (2013-2014) were included from the 13 regions of Greece. The diet of participants was assessed by two 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) and the Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ). All food items were analyzed through the HYDRIA Food Composition Tables. Information on socio-demographics, lifestyle, and health characteristics during the baseline was also provided. RESULTS 26.9% of herbal infusions and decoctions consumers are ≥ 75 years old, pensioners with a low level of education, and residents of urban areas. However, 22.2% of tea consumers belong to the 18-34-year age group, being employed with an intermediate level of education and living in an urban area. Elderly men and women use more herbal infusions/decoctions (55.4%; 40.6%) compared to tea (41.8%; 25.2%). According to FPQ, 7.1% of men and 9.7% of women use herbal infusions and decoctions four times or more per week, while 7.1 and 10.9% of men and women, respectively, consume tea at the same frequency. Green tea, mountain tea (Sideritis spp.), and black tea are reported most frequently. In addition, mountain tea (61.2%), black tea (60.3%), mixed herbal infusions/decoctions (58.4%), and sage (59.4%) are consumed mostly at breakfast, while chamomile was reported mainly at dinner or during the night (42.4%). CONCLUSIONS Based on the FPQ results, the moderate and high consumption of herbal infusions/decoctions and tea is low in Greece, especially among adults (18-64 years). Thus, our results indicate the existence of a generation gap to the attachment to the traditional Med Diet and the consumption of herbal infusions. The present study could encourage future research to focus on herbal infusions and decoctions consumption by other populations for cross-cultural comparison, as well as on emphasizing the value of consuming locally available herbs in a Planeterranean perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Research Center for Public Health Research and Education, Academy of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 23, 11528, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleni Peppa
- Research Center for Public Health Research and Education, Academy of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 23, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Research Center for Public Health Research and Education, Academy of Athens, Alexandroupoleos 23, 11528, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527, Athens, Greece
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Zhang D, Deng X, Li M, Qiu M, Zhang Y, Li G, Jiang Y, Tan P, Fan S, Zheng Y, Lin J, Han L, Huang H. Thermal treatment enhances the resisting exercise fatigue effect of Phyllanthus emblica L.: novel evidence from tannin conversion in vitro, metabolomics, and gut microbiota community analysis. Chin Med 2023; 18:127. [PMID: 37779204 PMCID: PMC10544184 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the main component of Phyllanthus emblica (PE). However, polyphenols are so easy to transform that it is unknown that how drying methods driven by heating affect the anti-fatigue effect of PE. This manuscript investigated the effects of five drying methods on the chemical composition transformation and anti-fatigue of PE, and discussed the action mechanism. The results suggested that the anti-fatigue effect of PE with hot-air-dried at 100 °C was the best, which was as 1.63 times as that with freeze-drying. Ellagic acid (EA) may be a key component of PE in anti-fatigue, and its mechanism of action may be related to regulating intestinal microbiota, protecting mitochondria, and regulating energy metabolism. This study first revealed the thermal transformation of polyphenols in PE, found the most effective strategy for enhancing the anti-fatigue function, and explores its action mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Gefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yurou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sanhu Fan
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Youde Zheng
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Haozhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Meishan Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meishan, 620010, China.
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Wang H, Chen Y, Wang L, Liu Q, Yang S, Wang C. Advancing herbal medicine: enhancing product quality and safety through robust quality control practices. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265178. [PMID: 37818188 PMCID: PMC10561302 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript provides an in-depth review of the significance of quality control in herbal medication products, focusing on its role in maintaining efficiency and safety. With a historical foundation in traditional medicine systems, herbal remedies have gained widespread popularity as natural alternatives to conventional treatments. However, the increasing demand for these products necessitates stringent quality control measures to ensure consistency and safety. This comprehensive review explores the importance of quality control methods in monitoring various aspects of herbal product development, manufacturing, and distribution. Emphasizing the need for standardized processes, the manuscript delves into the detection and prevention of contaminants, the authentication of herbal ingredients, and the adherence to regulatory standards. Additionally, it highlights the integration of traditional knowledge and modern scientific approaches in achieving optimal quality control outcomes. By emphasizing the role of quality control in herbal medicine, this manuscript contributes to promoting consumer trust, safeguarding public health, and fostering the responsible use of herbal medication products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Cunqin Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Khan S, Rai AK, Singh A, Singh S, Dubey BK, Lal RK, Negi AS, Birse N, Trivedi PK, Elliott CT, Ch R. Rapid metabolic fingerprinting with the aid of chemometric models to identify authenticity of natural medicines: Turmeric, Ocimum, and Withania somnifera study. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1041-1057. [PMID: 37842663 PMCID: PMC10568180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines are popular natural medicines that have been used for decades. The use of alternative medicines continues to expand rapidly across the world. The World Health Organization suggests that quality assessment of natural medicines is essential for any therapeutic or health care applications, as their therapeutic potential varies between different geographic origins, plant species, and varieties. Classification of herbal medicines based on a limited number of secondary metabolites is not an ideal approach. Their quality should be considered based on a complete metabolic profile, as their pharmacological activity is not due to a few specific secondary metabolites but rather a larger group of bioactive compounds. A holistic and integrative approach using rapid and nondestructive analytical strategies for the screening of herbal medicines is required for robust characterization. In this study, a rapid and effective quality assessment system for geographical traceability, species, and variety-specific authenticity of the widely used natural medicines turmeric, Ocimum, and Withania somnifera was investigated using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy-based metabolic fingerprinting. Four different geographical origins of turmeric, five different Ocimum species, and three different varieties of roots and leaves of Withania somnifera were studied with the aid of machine learning approaches. Extremely good discrimination (R2 > 0.98, Q2 > 0.97, and accuracy = 1.0) with sensitivity and specificity of 100% was achieved using this metabolic fingerprinting strategy. Our study demonstrated that FT-NIR-based rapid metabolic fingerprinting can be used as a robust analytical method to authenticate several important medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Khan
- Metabolomics Lab, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Rai
- Metabolomics Lab, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Department of Crop Production & Protection, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Saudan Singh
- Department of Crop Production & Protection, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (ACSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Basant Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Raj Kishori Lal
- Genetics and Plant Breeding Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Arvind Singh Negi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Nicholas Birse
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (ACSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | | | - Ratnasekhar Ch
- Metabolomics Lab, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (ACSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of Phytochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
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Yao R, Heinrich M, Zhang B, Wei X, Qi Y, Gao W. Single botanical drugs in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India-A quantitative ethnobotanical analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136446. [PMID: 37251315 PMCID: PMC10213908 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing evidence-based uses of herbal medicines and natural product-based drug discovery are two core aims of ethnopharmacology. This requires an understanding of the medicinal plants and the traditional medical knowledge associated with them which is a basis for cross-cultural comparison. The botanical drugs of traditional medical systems are still not understood well, even for well-known and widely respected traditions like Ayurveda. In this study, a quantitative ethnobotanical analysis was performed on the single botanical drugs included in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), presenting an overview on the medicinal plants of Ayurveda from perspectives of plant systematics and medical ethnobotany. Part-I of API includes 621 single botanical drugs, which are sourced from 393 species (323 genera in 115 families). Of these, 96 species yield two or more drugs, together accounting for 238 drugs. Taking the traditional concepts, biomedical uses and the pragmatic disease classification into account, therapeutic uses of these botanical drugs are sorted into 20 categories, which meet primary health demands. The therapeutic uses of the drugs sourced from the same species may differ considerably, but 30 of the 238 drugs are used in highly similar way. The comparative phylogenetic analysis identifies 172 species with high potential for specific therapeutic uses. This medical ethnobotanical assessment for the first time provides a comprehensive understanding on the single botanical drugs in API from the perspective of medical botany using an "etic" (scientist-oriented) approach. This study also highlights the importance of quantitative ethnobotanic methods in understanding traditional medical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bengang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaodong Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Evodiamine-loaded rhEGF-conjugated bovine serum albumin nanoparticles alleviate indomethacin-associated gastric mucosal injury in male SD rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Gupta A, Mehta SK, Kumar A, Singh S. Advent of phytobiologics and nano-interventions for bone remodeling: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:142-169. [PMID: 34957903 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.2010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone metabolism constitutes the intricate processes of matrix deposition, mineralization, and resorption. Any imbalance in these processes leads to traumatic bone injuries and serious disease conditions. Therefore, bone remodeling plays a crucial role during the regeneration process maintaining the balance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Currently, numerous phytobiologics are emerging as the new therapeutics for the treatment of bone-related complications overcoming the synthetic drug-based side effects. They can either target osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or both through different mechanistic pathways for maintaining the bone remodeling process. Although phytobiologics have been widely used since tradition for the treatment of bone fractures recently, the research is accentuated toward the development of osteogenic phytobioactives, constituent-based drug designing models, and efficacious delivery of the phytobioactives. To achieve this, different plant extracts and successful isolation of their phytoconstituents are critical for osteogenic research. Hence, this review emphasizes the phytobioactives based research specifically enlisting the plants and their constituents used so far as bone therapeutics, their respective isolation procedures, and nanotechnological interventions in bone research. Also, the review enlists the vast array of folklore plants and the newly emerging nano-delivery systems in treating bone injuries as the future scope of research in the phytomedicinal orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.,Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.,The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.,Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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Sankhwar SN, Kumar P, Bagchi M, Rungta M, Bagchi D. Safety and Efficacy of Furosap®, a Patented Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed Extract, in Boosting Testosterone Level, Reproductive Health and Mood Alleviation in Male Volunteers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:27-35. [PMID: 34694954 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1978348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medicinal herb fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds, fortified with dietary fibers and furostanolic saponins including protodioscin, have demonstrated a significant contribution to human health. In our laboratories, Furosap®, a patented 20% protodioscin-enriched extract was developed from fenugreek seeds. OBJECTIVE In an open-label, one-arm, single-center longitudinal study, we examined the safety and efficacy of Furosap® on free and total testosterone levels, fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, sperm count, motility and morphology, dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), sexual health, reflex erection, mood alleviation, mental alertness, and total blood chemistry analyses over a period of 12 weeks in healthy male volunteers. METHODS Institutional Ethics Committee approvals and Clinicaltrials.gov registration were obtained. Effect of Furosap® (500 mg/day) was examined of free and total testosterone levels, sperm count, motility and morphology, sexual health, mood and mental alertness, and total blood chemistry analyses in 100 healthy volunteers (age 35-60 Y) over a period of 12 consecutive weeks. RESULTS No changes were observed in body weight and BMI. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and DHEA levels significantly decreased. Free and bound testosterone levels improved significantly at 12 weeks of treatment. Sperm motility significantly increased at 8- and 12-weeks of treatment, while abnormal sperm morphology significantly decreased at 12-weeks of treatment. Mental alertness, mood, and reflex erection score significantly alleviated. An age-induced increasing effect was observed. Furthermore, cardiovascular health and libido significantly improved. Blood chemistry analyses exhibited broad spectrum safety. A decreasing trend was observed in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL levels, while an increasing trend was observed in HDL level at 12 weeks of treatment. LDL level decreased significantly at 12-weeks of treatment. No adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate that Furosap® is safe and effective in improving testosterone levels, cardiovascular health, healthy sperm profile, mental alertness in human male volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Sankhwar
- Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
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Norouzkhani N, Karimi AG, Badami N, Jalalifar E, Mahmoudvand B, Ansari A, Pakrou Sariyarighan N, Alijanzadeh D, Aghakhani S, Shayestehmehr R, Arzaghi M, Sheikh Z, Salami Y, Marabi MH, Abdi A, Deravi N. From kitchen to clinic: Pharmacotherapeutic potential of common spices in Indian cooking in age-related neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:960037. [PMID: 36438833 PMCID: PMC9685814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.960037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is described as an advanced time-related collection of changes that may negatively affect with the risk of several diseases or death. Aging is a main factor of several age-related neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia), stroke, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, brain tumors, oxidative stress, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Currently available medications for age-related neurological disorders may lead to several side effects, such as headache, diarrhea, nausea, gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, dyskinesia, and hallucinosis. These days, studies on plant efficacy in traditional medicine are being conducted because herbal medicine is affordable, safe, and culturally acceptable and easily accessible. The Indian traditional medicine system called Ayurveda uses several herbs and medicinal plants to treat various disorders including neurological disorders. This review aims to summarize the data on the neuroprotective potential of the following common Indian spices widely used in Ayurveda: cumin (Cuminum cyminum (L.), Apiaceae), black cumin (Nigella sativa (L.), Ranunculaceae), black pepper (Piper nigrum (L.), Piperaceae), curry leaf tree (Murraya koenigii (L.), Spreng Rutaceae), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.), Fabaceae), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Apiaceae), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, Zingiberaceae), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, Myrtaceae), and coriander (Coriandrum sativum (L.), Apiaceae) in age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Norouzkhani
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arian Ghannadi Karimi
- Preclinical, Cardiovascular Imaging Core Facility, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Badami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Jalalifar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mahmoudvand
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arina Ansari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Dorsa Alijanzadeh
- Student Research committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Aghakhani
- Student Research Committee, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Shayestehmehr
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Sheikh
- Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Yasaman Salami
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hesam Marabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abdi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Niloofar Deravi, ,
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Wang D, Wang J, Su P, Dai J, Tan X, Zhang D, Liu Y, Cheng F. Effects of dazomet combined with Rhodopsesudomonas palustris PSB-06 on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting ginger and soil microorganisms diversity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1021445. [PMID: 36246285 PMCID: PMC9558219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1021445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most important nematodes affecting ginger crop. Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-06, as effective microbial fertilizer in increasing plant growth and suppressing soil-borne disease of many crops has been reported. The combination of R. palustris PSB-06 and dazomet treatments had been proved to inhibit root-knot nematode on ginger and increase ginger yield in our preliminary study. The field experiments were conducted to elucidate the reasons behind this finding, and followed by next-generation sequencing to determine the microbial population structures in ginger root rhizosphere. The results showed that combination of R. palustris PSB-06 and dazomet treatment had a synergetic effect by achieving of 80.00% reduction in root-knot nematode numbers less than soil without treatment, and also could increase 37.37% of ginger yield through increasing the contents of chlorophyll and total protein in ginger leaves. Microbiota composition and alpha diversity varied with treatments and growth stages, soil bacterial diversity rapidly increased after planting ginger. In addition, the combined treatment could increase diversity and community composition of probiotic bacteria, and decrease those of soil-borne pathogenic fungi comparing to the soil treated with dazomet alone. Meanwhile, it could also effectively increase soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium. Analysis of correlation between soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties indicated that the soil pH value and available phosphorus content were important factors that could affect soil microorganisms structure at the harvest stage. The bacterial family was more closely correlated with the soil physicochemical properties than the fungal family. Therefore, the combination of R. palustris PSB-06 and dazomet was considered as an effective method to control root-knot nematode disease and improve ginger soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Agricultural Economy and Regional Planning Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Pin Su
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Dai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xinqiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Liu,
| | - Feixue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
- Feixue Cheng,
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13
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Zhai X, Li L, Zhang P, Guo Y, Jiang H, He W, Li Y, Zhang B, Yao D. Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effects of Six Natural Product Extracts against Babesia gibsoni in Vitro and in Vivo. J Parasitol 2022; 108:301-305. [DOI: 10.1645/21-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zhai
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Lingxu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Peihao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Huaide Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Weihua He
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Dawei Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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14
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Li X, Wu L, Wu R, Sun M, Fu K, Kuang T, Wang Z. Comparison of medicinal preparations of Ayurveda in India and five traditional medicines in China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114775. [PMID: 34742863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ayurveda is the main traditional healthcare system in Indian medicine. Tibetan medicine (TM), Mongolian medicine (MM), Buddhist medicine (BM), Dai medicine (DM), and Uyghur medicine (UM) are main traditional medicines practiced in China. These are existing traditional medical systems that still play a role in disease prevention and treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY To reveal the similarities and differences of traditional medicinal preparations between Ayurveda in India and five traditional medicines in China to deepen medical exchanges and cooperation between the two countries and beyond. METHODS All preparations were extracted from statutory pharmacopoeias, ministry standards, and prescription textbooks from China and India. The information of each preparation, such as therapeutic uses, medicinal materials, and preparation forms, was recorded in Excel for statistical analysis and visual comparison. RESULTS A total of 645 Ayurvedic preparations, 458 TM preparations, 164 MM preparations, 616 BM preparations, 227 DM preparations, and 94 UM preparations were identified. Preparations of the six traditional medicines were mostly used for treating digestive, respiratory, and urogenital system diseases. The preparation forms of these six traditional medicines are mainly pills and powders. There are 38 shared-use medicinal materials in Ayurveda and TM preparations, 25 in Ayurveda and MM preparations, 30 in Ayurveda and BM preparations, 39 in Ayurveda and DM preparations, and 31 in Ayurveda and UM preparations. Finally, we selected one important shared-use preparation (Triphala) and 51 medicinal materials to research traditional use and modern pharmacology. CONCLUSIONS These preparations are used by different prescribers and users of medicinal materials in different medical systems with the similarities and differences. The similarities may reflect the historical exchanges of traditional medicines between the two countries. The differences showed that traditional medicines in China have absorbed some theories, diagnoses, and treatments from Ayurveda but also retained their own ethnic and regional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ming Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ke Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Research Institute of Traditional Indian Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Research Institute of Traditional Indian Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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15
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Wainwright CL, Teixeira MM, Adelson DL, Buenz EJ, David B, Glaser KB, Harata-Lee Y, Howes MJR, Izzo AA, Maffia P, Mayer AM, Mazars C, Newman DJ, Nic Lughadha E, Pimenta AM, Parra JA, Qu Z, Shen H, Spedding M, Wolfender JL. Future Directions for the Discovery of Natural Product-Derived Immunomodulating Drugs. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106076. [PMID: 35074524 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery from natural sources is going through a renaissance, having spent many decades in the shadow of synthetic molecule drug discovery, despite the fact that natural product-derived compounds occupy a much greater chemical space than those created through synthetic chemistry methods. With this new era comes new possibilities, not least the novel targets that have emerged in recent times and the development of state-of-the-art technologies that can be applied to drug discovery from natural sources. Although progress has been made with some immunomodulating drugs, there remains a pressing need for new agents that can be used to treat the wide variety of conditions that arise from disruption, or over-activation, of the immune system; natural products may therefore be key in filling this gap. Recognising that, at present, there is no authoritative article that details the current state-of-the-art of the immunomodulatory activity of natural products, this in-depth review has arisen from a joint effort between the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Natural Products and Immunopharmacology, with contributions from a Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation number of world-leading researchers in the field of natural product drug discovery, to provide a "position statement" on what natural products has to offer in the search for new immunomodulatory argents. To this end, we provide a historical look at previous discoveries of naturally occurring immunomodulators, present a picture of the current status of the field and provide insight into the future opportunities and challenges for the discovery of new drugs to treat immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry L Wainwright
- Centre for Natural Products in Health, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - David L Adelson
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Eric J Buenz
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, New Zealand.
| | - Bruno David
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Toulouse, France.
| | - Keith B Glaser
- AbbVie Inc., Integrated Discovery Operations, North Chicago, USA.
| | - Yuka Harata-Lee
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melanie-Jayne R Howes
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Alejandro Ms Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, IL, USA.
| | - Claire Mazars
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | - Adriano Mc Pimenta
- Laboratory of Animal Venoms and Toxins, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - John Aa Parra
- Laboratory of Animal Venoms and Toxins, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zhipeng Qu
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hanyuan Shen
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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16
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Ghosh T, Kandpal S, Rani C, Pathak DK, Tanwar M, Chaudhary A, Jha HC, Kumar R. Atypical Green Luminescence from Raw Cassia Siamea Extract: A Comparison with Red Emitting Tinospora Cordifolia. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5981-5986. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Ghosh
- Materials and Device Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol-453552, India
| | - Suchita Kandpal
- Materials and Device Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol-453552, India
| | - Chanchal Rani
- Materials and Device Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol-453552, India
| | - Devesh K. Pathak
- Materials and Device Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol-453552, India
| | - Manushree Tanwar
- Materials and Device Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol-453552, India
| | - Anjali Chaudhary
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hem C. Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol-453552, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Materials and Device Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol-453552, India
- Centre for Advanced Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol-453552, India
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol-453552, India
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17
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Wei X, Luo C, He Y, Huang H, Ran F, Liao W, Tan P, Fan S, Cheng Y, Zhang D, Lin J, Han L. Hepatoprotective Effects of Different Extracts From Triphala Against CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664607. [PMID: 34290606 PMCID: PMC8287969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Triphala is a traditional polyherbal formula used in Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese Tibetan medicine. A wide range of biological activities have been attributed to Triphala, but the impact of various extraction methods on efficacy has not been determined. Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate Triphala extracts obtained by various methods for their hepatoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Methods: HPLC fingerprinting was used to characterize the chemical characteristics of Triphala extracts obtained by (a) 0.5 h ultrasonication, (b) 2 h reflux, and (c) 4 h reflux. Hepatoprotective efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model of CCl4-induced liver damage. Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured, as well as the liver antioxidant and inflammatory markers malondialdehyde superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), TNF-α, and IL-6. Gene and protein expression of Nrf-2 signaling components Nrf-2, heme oxygenase (HO-1), and NADPH Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) in liver tissue were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting. Results: Chemical analysis showed a clear difference in content between extracts produced by ultrasonic and reflux methods. The pharmacological analysis showed that all three Triphala extracts reduced ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and increased SOD and GSH-Px. Triphala extracts also induced transcript and protein expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO-1. Conclusion: Triphala extract prevents CCl4-induced acute liver injury. The ultrasonic extract of Triphala was most effective, suggesting that hepatoprotection may be related to the larger tannins via activation of Nrf-2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haozhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanhu Fan
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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18
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Cheng Y, Li HL, Zhou ZW, Long HZ, Luo HY, Wen DD, Cheng L, Gao LC. Isoliensinine: A Natural Compound with "Drug-Like" Potential. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630385. [PMID: 33967765 PMCID: PMC8100667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoliensinine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, exerts a variety of beneficial effects, such as antitumor, cardioprotective, antioxidant, antidepressant, and anti-HIV effects, and ameliorates T2DM with hyperlipidemia and Alzheimer’s disease. In this article, the recent literature on isoliensinine, including its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and synthesis and extraction, is summarized. Moreover, possible future prospects and research directions are also discussed. Studies on isoliensinine were found by searching a combination of keywords including “pharmacology,” “pharmacokinetics,” and “synthesis and extraction” in the main databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, NCBI, and Wan Fang. Many studies have pointed out that a major limitation of isoliensinine is its poor solubility in aqueous media. Considering its advantages and limitations, isoliensinine can be used as a lead compound to develop novel efficient and low-toxicity derivatives. The available literature indicates that isoliensinine displays “drug-like” potential. Additionally, there are many related issues and novel mechanisms that need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical, Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong-Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical, Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical, Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Hui-Zhi Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical, Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong-Yu Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical, Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical, Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Chen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical, Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
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19
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Zhang Y, Alvarez-Manzo H, Leone J, Schweig S, Zhang Y. Botanical Medicines Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Artemisia annua, Scutellaria baicalensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, and Alchornea cordifolia Demonstrate Inhibitory Activity Against Babesia duncani. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:624745. [PMID: 33763384 PMCID: PMC7982592 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.624745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human babesiosis is a CDC reportable disease in the United States and is recognized as an emerging health risk in multiple parts of the world. The current treatment for human babesiosis is suboptimal due to treatment failures and unwanted side effects. Although Babesia duncani was first described almost 30 years ago, further research is needed to elucidate its pathogenesis and clarify optimal treatment regimens. Here, we screened a panel of herbal medicines and identified Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Artemisia annua, Scutellaria baicalensis, Alchornea cordifolia, and Polygonum cuspidatum to have good in vitro inhibitory activity against B. duncani in the hamster erythrocyte model. Furthermore, we found their potential bioactive compounds, cryptolepine, artemisinin, artesunate, artemether, and baicalein, to have good activity against B. duncani, with IC50 values of 3.4 μM, 14 μM, 7.4 μM, 7.8 μM, and 12 μM, respectively, which are comparable or lower than that of the currently used drugs quinine (10 μM) and clindamycin (37 μM). B. duncani treated with cryptolepine and quinine at their respective 1×, 2×, 4× and 8× IC50 values, and by artemether at 8× IC50 for three days could not regrow in subculture. Additionally, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta 90% ethanol extract also exhibited no regrowth after 6 days of subculture at doses of 2×, 4×, and 8× IC50 values. Our results indicate that some botanical medicines and their active constituents have potent activity against B. duncani in vitro and may be further explored for more effective treatment of babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hector Alvarez-Manzo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jacob Leone
- FOCUS Health Group, Naturopathic, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Sunjya Schweig
- California Center for Functional Medicine, Kensington, CA, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Ameri A, Poshtmahi S, Heydarirad G, Cramer H, Choopani R, Hajimehdipoor H, Azghandi S, Pasalar M. Effect of Honey–Lemon Spray Versus Benzydamine Hydrochloride Spray on Radiation-Induced Acute Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:255-262. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ameri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Poshtmahi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Heydarirad
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rasoul Choopani
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajimehdipoor
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Azghandi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pasalar
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Wang D, Hu G, Wang J, Yan D, Wang M, Yang L, Serikuly N, Alpyshov E, Demin KA, Galstyan DS, Amstislavskaya TG, de Abreu MS, Kalueff AV. Studying CNS effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine using zebrafish models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113383. [PMID: 32918992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a millennia-long history of treating human brain disorders, its complex multi-target mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Animal models are currently widely used to probe the effects of various TCMs on brain and behavior. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently emerged as a novel vertebrate model organism for neuroscience research, and is increasingly applied for CNS drug screening and development. AIM OF THE STUDY As zebrafish models are only beginning to be applied to studying TCM, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the TCM effects on brain and behavior in this fish model species. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of published literature was conducted using biomedical databases (Web of Science, Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Internet, CNKI), with key search words zebrafish, brain, Traditional Chinese Medicine, herbs, CNS, behavior. RESULTS We recognize the developing utility of zebrafish for studying TCM, as well as outline the existing model limitations, problems and challenges, as well as future directions of research in this field. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the growing value of zebrafish models for studying TCM, aiming to improve our understanding of TCM' therapeutic mechanisms and potential in treating brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongni Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - LongEn Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Erik Alpyshov
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David S Galstyan
- Granov Russian Scientific Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
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Ali SG, Ansari MA, Alzohairy MA, Almatroudi A, Alomary MN, Alghamdi S, Rehman S, Khan HM. Natural Products and Nutrients against Different Viral Diseases: Prospects in Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57020169. [PMID: 33673004 PMCID: PMC7917779 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic and is posing a serious challenge to mankind. As per the current scenario, there is an urgent need for antiviral that could act as a protective and therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2. Previous studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is much similar to the SARS-CoV bat that occurred in 2002-03. Since it is a zoonotic virus, the exact source is still unknown, but it is believed bats may be the primary reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 through which it has been transferred to humans. In this review, we have tried to summarize some of the approaches that could be effective against SARS-CoV-2. Firstly, plants or plant-based products have been effective against different viral diseases, and secondly, plants or plant-based natural products have the minimum adverse effect. We have also highlighted a few vitamins and minerals that could be beneficial against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ghazanfar Ali
- Viral Research Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College A.M.U., Aligarh U.P.202002, India;
- Correspondence: (S.G.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Mohammad A. Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.G.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suriya Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Haris M. Khan
- Viral Research Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College A.M.U., Aligarh U.P.202002, India;
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Development of a quantum dot-based lateral flow immunoassay with high reaction consistency to total aflatoxins in botanical materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1629-1637. [PMID: 33495847 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Total aflatoxins (AFTs) are an important safety indicator for botanical materials, but at present, rapid detection technology for AFTs is seldom reported. In this study, the monoclonal antibody with similar reactivity to total aflatoxins was produced, and the quantum dot-based lateral flow immunoassay (QD-LFIA) coupled with a portable device was developed to rapidly determine AFT residues in botanical materials. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the QD-LFIA for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1, and AFM2 were 10.57, 12.64, 11.34, 12.67, 10.13, and 12.75 μg kg-1, respectively, which show high reaction consistency to total aflatoxins. For different botanical materials, the sample was simply extracted with methanol-water and diluted with PBS, and the sample solution was directly loaded onto the QD-LFIA strip for determination. To overcome interference from the matrix effects, specific standard curves were established for each kind of botanical material. The detection limit of AFTs in 6 different botanical materials was 0.95~2.03 μg kg-1 with a linear range of 2~120 μg kg-1. The spiked recoveries of AFTs in botanical materials of different species and localities of growth were 75~105% with a coefficient of variation below 15%. The test results of the actual samples are consistent with the Chinese national standard test method. This study provides an easy-to-use method to rapidly determine AFTs in different botanical materials. Graphical abstract.
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24
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Saxena S, Kumar S, Hajare SN, Gupta S, Gautam S, Ghosh SK. 'BhAVI-23'-A spice-herb based dietary infusion possessing in-vitro anti-viral potential. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:312-319. [PMID: 33413968 PMCID: PMC7783457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viruses cause many life threatening human diseases. Recently, COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the health care systems worldwide. As a disease preventive approach and to bring relief to the severity of the symptoms, a infusion termed as Bhabha Anti-Viral Infusion-23 (‘BhAVI-23’) was conceptualized and formulated which comprised of 23 selected spices and herbals. Objective The present study was conducted to assess the in vitro antiviral potential of the formulation, BhaAVI-23. Material and methods The in-vitro anti-viral potential of BhAVI-23 was assessed through inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase (RT) as well as through a novel P1 (virulent) bacteriphage based screening assay system. Anti-diabetic potential was assessed by non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin and the bioactive volatile components were detected through headspace gas chromatography followed by molecular docking analysis. Results The infusion displayed prominent anti-viral activity as evident from significant (57%) inhibition of the HIV1-RT as well as through reduction in the infectivity of P1 (virulent) bacteriophage. The infusion also exerted profound protection (∼64%) to non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin. Headspace gas chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the presence of at least 47 major compounds. Docking analysis indicated possible interaction of α-pinene and eugenol with SARS-CoV spike protein. Conclusion This ‘BhAVI-23’ infusion displayed prominent in-vitro anti-viral and anti-diabetic potential in different model systems. These attributes have relevance as diabetic patients are more prone to COVID-19 morbidity. ‘BhAVI-23’ opens the avenue for its potential inclusion as a supportive health care system upon due regulatory approval during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Saxena
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sachin N Hajare
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sumit Gupta
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Satyendra Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | - Sunil K Ghosh
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
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25
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Chassagne F, Samarakoon T, Porras G, Lyles JT, Dettweiler M, Marquez L, Salam AM, Shabih S, Farrokhi DR, Quave CL. A Systematic Review of Plants With Antibacterial Activities: A Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:586548. [PMID: 33488385 PMCID: PMC7821031 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance represents a serious threat to human health across the globe. The cost of bringing a new antibiotic from discovery to market is high and return on investment is low. Furthermore, the development of new antibiotics has slowed dramatically since the 1950s’ golden age of discovery. Plants produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites that could be used to fuel the future discovery pipeline. While many studies have focused on specific aspects of plants and plant natural products with antibacterial properties, a comprehensive review of the antibacterial potential of plants has never before been attempted. Objectives: This systematic review aims to evaluate reports on plants with significant antibacterial activities. Methods: Following the PRISMA model, we searched three electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed and SciFinder by using specific keywords: “plant,” “antibacterial,” “inhibitory concentration.” Results: We identified a total of 6,083 articles published between 1946 and 2019 and then reviewed 66% of these (4,024) focusing on articles published between 2012 and 2019. A rigorous selection process was implemented using clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, yielding data on 958 plant species derived from 483 scientific articles. Antibacterial activity is found in 51 of 79 vascular plant orders throughout the phylogenetic tree. Most are reported within eudicots, with the bulk of species being asterids. Antibacterial activity is not prominent in monocotyledons. Phylogenetic distribution strongly supports the concept of chemical evolution across plant clades, especially in more derived eudicot families. The Lamiaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae were the most represented plant families, while Cinnamomum verum, Rosmarinus vulgaris and Thymus vulgaris were the most studied species. South Africa was the most represented site of plant collection. Crude extraction in methanol was the most represented type of extraction and leaves were the main plant tissue investigated. Finally, Staphylococcus aureus was the most targeted pathogenic bacteria in these studies. We closely examine 70 prominent medicinal plant species from the 15 families most studied in the literature. Conclusion: This review depicts the current state of knowledge regarding antibacterials from plants and provides powerful recommendations for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chassagne
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Gina Porras
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James T Lyles
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Micah Dettweiler
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lewis Marquez
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Akram M Salam
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sarah Shabih
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Cassandra L Quave
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory University Herbarium, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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26
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Zhao L, Rupji M, Choudhary I, Osan R, Kapoor S, Zhang HJ, Yang C, Aneja R. Efficacy based ginger fingerprinting reveals potential antiproliferative analytes for triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19182. [PMID: 33154433 PMCID: PMC7644756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most widely consumed dietary supplements worldwide. Its anticancer potential has been demonstrated in various studies. However, ginger roots obtained from different geographical locations showed extensive variability in their activities, mainly due to differences in the levels of bioactive compounds. Here we evaluated the effect of these differences on the anticancer activity of ginger by performing efficacy-based fingerprinting. We characterized the fingerprint profiles of 22 ginger samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, followed by a principal component analysis (PCA) and pearson correlation analysis. We also evaluated the anti-proliferative effects (IC50) of these samples on triple-negative breast cancer cells using the MTT assays. The supervised PCA identified a subset of analytes whose abundance strongly associated with the IC50 values of the ginger extracts, providing a link between ginger extract composition and in vitro anticancer efficacy. This study demonstrated that variation in the ginger fingerprint profiles resulting from differences in their chemical composition could have a significant impact on efficacy and bioactivity of ginger extracts. Also, this first-of-a-kind efficacy-based fingerprinting approach proposed here can identify potent anticancer candidates from the ginger fingerprint without the need for isolating individual components from the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Zhao
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Manali Rupji
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ishita Choudhary
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Remus Osan
- Department of Math and Stats, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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Kumar V, Singh SB, Singh S. COVID-19: Environment concern and impact of Indian medicinal system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 8:104144. [PMID: 33520648 PMCID: PMC7836929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has came in existence in late December 2019 at Wuhan, China. It is declared as an epidemic by WHO. The rationale of this study is to provide the details regarding prevention, environment concern, social economic consequences, and medicines for COVID-19. Social distancing, screening, lockdown, use of mask and application of sanitizer or soap at regular time interval is the best prevention against COVID-19. The "oral-feces" transmission of COVID-19 is threat to environment. Improper disposal of medical/biomedical and human waste may harm the total environment. Nitrifying-enriched activated sludge i.e. NAS approach can play important role to clean the environment compartments like sludge and waste. COVID-19 has shown impact on social and economic life, but there is no alternate until the drug discovery. In medicine or treatment of COVID-19 point of views, an integrated approach between modern and traditional medicine system may ensure an early prevention of further viral spread. Based on the symptoms of COVID-19, list of herbs and drugs of Indian Medicine System has been searched and reported. To develop the potential drug against COVID-19, the detailed experimentation and clinical trials to be performed for future prospective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Shyam Babu Singh
- Department of Ayurveda, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144002, India
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubators, Mohali, Punjab, 160059, India
- Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, Punjab, 160059, India
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28
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Corlett RT. Safeguarding our future by protecting biodiversity. PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:221-228. [PMID: 32837768 PMCID: PMC7239009 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Anthropocene is marked by twin crises: climate change and biodiversity loss. Climate change has tended to dominate the headlines, reflecting, in part, the greater complexity of the biodiversity crisis. Biodiversity itself is a difficult concept. Land plants dominate the global biomass and terrestrial arthropods probably dominate in terms of numbers of species, but most of the Tree of Life consists of single-celled eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. Wild plants provide a huge variety of products and services to people, ranging from those that are species-specific, such as food, medicine, and genetic resources, to many which are partly interchangeable, such as timber and forage for domestic animals, and others which depend on the whole community, but not on individual species, such as regulation of water supply and carbon sequestration. The use of information from remote sensing has encouraged a simplified view of the values of nature's contributions to people, but this does not match the way most people value nature. We can currently estimate the proportion of species threatened by human impacts only for a few well-assessed groups, for which it ranges from 14% (birds) to 63% (cycads). Less than 8% of land plants have been assessed, but it has been estimated that 30-44% are threatened, although there are still few (0.2%) well-documented extinctions. Priorities for improving protection of biodiversity include: improving the inventory, with surveys focused on geographical areas and taxonomic groups which are under-collected; expanding the protected area system and its representativeness; controlling overexploitation; managing invasive species; conserving threatened species ex situ; restoring degraded ecosystems; and controlling climate change. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) COP15 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP26 meetings, both postponed to 2021, will provide an opportunity to address both crises, but success will require high ambition from all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
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29
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Hsu SS, Liang WZ. Cytotoxic Effects of Mesaconitine, the Aconitum carmichaelii Debx Bioactive Compound, on HBEC-5i Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells: Role of Ca 2+ Signaling-Mediated Pathway. Neurotox Res 2020; 39:256-265. [PMID: 32588354 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mesaconitine, one of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx bioactive compounds, was shown to evoke Ca2+ homeostasis and its related physiological effects in endothelial cell types. However, the effect of mesaconitine on Ca2+ signaling and cell viability in human brain microvascular endothelial cells is unclear. This study focused on exploring whether mesaconitine changed cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i), affected cell viability, and established the relationship between Ca2+ signaling and viability in HBEC-5i human brain microvascular endothelial cells. In HBEC-5i cells, cell viability was measured by the cell proliferation reagent (WST-1). [Ca2+]i was measured by the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. Mesaconitine (10-100 μM) concentration dependently induced [Ca2+]i rises. Ca2+ removal reduced the signal by approximately 25%. Mesaconitine (40-100 μM) caused cytotoxicity in HBEC-5i cells. This cytotoxic response was significantly reversed by chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA/AM. In Ca2+-containing medium, mesaconitine-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 25% by modulators of store-operated Ca2+ channels and protein kinase C (PKC). Furthermore, mesaconitine also induced Mn2+ influx suggesting of Ca2+ entry. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished mesaconitine-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with mesaconitine abolished thapsigargin-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished mesaconitine-induced [Ca2+]i rises. In sum, mesaconitine caused cytotoxicity that was triggered by preceding [Ca2+]i rises. Furthermore, mesaconitine induced [Ca2+]i rises by evoking Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ channels and PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. It suggests that Ca2+ signaling have a potential cytotoxic effect on mesaconitine-treated human brain microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.,College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Neipu, Pingtung, 91202, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, 90741, Taiwan.
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30
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Kim G, Gan RY, Zhang D, Farha AK, Habimana O, Mavumengwana V, Li HB, Wang XH, Corke H. Large-Scale Screening of 239 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts for Their Antibacterial Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Cytotoxic Activities. Pathogens 2020; 9:E185. [PMID: 32143422 PMCID: PMC7157549 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel alternative antibacterial compounds have been persistently explored from plants as natural sources to overcome antibiotic resistance leading to serious foodborne bacterial illnesses. In this study, the ethanolic extracts from 239 traditional Chinese medicinal plants (TCMP)' materials were screened to discover promising candidates that have strong antibacterial properties against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and low cytotoxicity. The results revealed that 74 extracts exhibited good antibacterial activities (diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) ≥ 15 mm). Furthermore, 18 extracts (DIZ ≥ 20 mm) were determined their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentrations (MBC), ranging from 0.1 to 12.5 mg/mL and 0.78 to 25 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, most of the 18 extracts showed relatively low cytotoxicity (a median lethal concentration (LC50) >100 µg/mL). The 18 extracts were further determined to estimate possible correlation of their phenolic contents with antibacterial activity, and the results did not show any significant correlation. In conclusion, this study selected out some promising antibacterial TCMP extracts with low cytotoxicity, including Rhus chinensis Mill., Ilex rotunda Thunb., Leontice kiangnanensis P.L.Chiu, Oroxylum indicum Vent., Isatis tinctorial L., Terminalia chebula Retz., Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd., Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, Rabdosia rubescens (Hemsl.) H.Hara, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Fraxinus fallax Lingelsh, Coptis chinensis Franch., Agrimonia Pilosa Ledeb., and Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowoon Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (G.K.); (D.Z.); (A.K.F.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (G.K.); (D.Z.); (A.K.F.)
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (G.K.); (D.Z.); (A.K.F.)
| | - Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (G.K.); (D.Z.); (A.K.F.)
| | - Olivier Habimana
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa;
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (G.K.); (D.Z.); (A.K.F.)
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31
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Shi S, Yan H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Xie Y, Xu J, Wu L, Chen K, Shen X, Ren P, Huang X. Pharmacokinetic study of precisely representative antidepressant, prokinetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative compounds from Fructus aurantii and Magnolia Bark. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 315:108851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Kumar G, Saleem N, Kumar S, Maulik SK, Ahmad S, Sharma M, Goswami SK. Transcriptomic Validation of the Protective Effects of Aqueous Bark Extract of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) on Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1443. [PMID: 31920643 PMCID: PMC6916006 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous extract of the bark of Terminalia arjuna (TA) is used by a large population in the Indian subcontinent for treating various cardiovascular conditions. Animal experiments have shown its anti-atherogenic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory effects. It has several bioactive ingredients with hemodynamic, ROS scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties. Earlier we have done limited proteomic and transcriptomic analysis to show its efficacy in ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats. In the present study we have used high-throughput sequencing of the mRNA from control and treated rat heart to further establish its efficacy. ISO (5 mg/kg/day s.c.) was administered in male adult rats for 14 days to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Standardized aqueous extract TA bark extract was administered orally. Total RNA were isolated from control, ISO, ISO + TA, and TA treated rat hearts and subjected to high throughput sequence analysis. The modulations of the transcript levels were then subjected to bio-informatics analyses using established software. Treatment with ISO downregulated 1,129 genes and upregulated 204 others. Pre-treatment with the TA bark extracts markedly restored that expression pattern with only 97 genes upregulated and 85 genes downregulated. The TA alone group had only 88 upregulated and 26 downregulated genes. The overall profile of expression in ISO + TA and TA alone groups closely matched with the control group. The genes that were modulated included those involved in metabolism, activation of receptors and cell signaling, and cardiovascular and other diseases. Networks associated with those genes included those involved in angiogenesis, extracellular matrix organization, integrin binding, inflammation, drug metabolism, redox metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and organization of myofibril. Overlaying of the networks in ISO and ISO_TA group showed that those activated in ISO group were mostly absent in ISO_TA and TA group, suggesting a global effect of the TA extracts. This study for the first time reveals that TA partially or completely restores the gene regulatory network perturbed by ISO treatment in rat heart; signifying its efficacy in checking ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhat Saleem
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Subir K Maulik
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyamal K Goswami
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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33
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Khaled SE, Hashem FAM, Shabana MH, Hammam AMM, Madboli ANA, Al-Mahdy DA, Farag MA. A biochemometric approach for the assessment of Phyllanthus emblica female fertility effects as determined via UPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS and GC-MS. Food Funct 2019; 10:4620-4635. [PMID: 31290504 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. fruits have long been used in Ayurvedic medicine for their many health benefits. In this study, we present P. emblica fruit crude extract and fractions' effects on the female reproductive system by assessing its estrogenic and gonadotropic activities. Results revealed that the non-polar petroleum ether and chloroform fractions exhibited the strongest estrogenic and follicle-stimulating hormone-like [FSH] activity, while the n-butanol fraction exhibited a significant luteinizing hormone-like [LH] activity. The ethyl acetate fraction showed neither estrogenic nor gonadotropic activities and in contrast it may impair female fertility suggesting that different metabolite classes contribute to the plant's overall effect on female fertility. To pinpoint active agents in these fractions, UPLC/ESI-qTOF-MS- was employed for secondary metabolite profiling with 100 metabolites annotated including ellagitannins, gallic acid derivatives, terpeneoids, sterols, phthalates and fatty acids. Correlation between extracts/fraction bioassays and UPLC/MS data was attempted using orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealing that guaiane-type sesquiterpenes, phthalates, diterpenes and oxygenated fatty acids showed positive correlation with estrogenic and gonadotropic activities. In contrast, mucic acid gallates, gallic acid derivatives and ellagitannins correlated negatively. GC/MS analysis of the non-polar bioactive fractions viz. petroleum ether and chloroform was also attempted which revealed its enrichment in fatty acids/fatty acyl esters (34%) and phenolic compounds (19.6%). This study provides the first report on the estrogenic and gonadotropic activities of P. emblica fruits in relation to their metabolite fingerprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Khaled
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
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34
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Lenssen KGM, Bast A, de Boer A. International Perspectives on Substantiating the Efficacy of Herbal Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines Through Evidence on Traditional Use. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:910-922. [PMID: 33337009 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of botanicals in medicines can be substantiated with evidence on traditional use, whereas in foodstuffs, this is often not possible. In Europe, for example, the evaluation and subsequent authorization of health claims on herbal dietary supplements (HDS) have been put on hold by the European Commission. This study aims to analyze the role of evidence on traditional use in international legal frameworks of foods and pharmaceuticals. Both legal sources as well as scientific studies offering insights into these regulatory frameworks were included into the analysis. The international approach toward evidence on traditional use for substantiating efficacy of botanicals varies highly. For herbal medicines, substantiating efficacy with evidence on traditional use is possible in all studied jurisdictions, except for Japan and the United States. HDS efficacy can only be substantiated with evidence on traditional use in India and New Zealand, although the enforcing authorities do not describe which data are required. Australia and Canada regulate botanicals in a separate "borderline" category from foods and pharmaceuticals. Both jurisdictions allow for substantiating efficacy with evidence on traditional use. This study's second objective was to assess the applicability of the international approaches in the European legal framework, in light of the ongoing political debate regarding the use of traditional evidence. Implementation of the analyzed international approaches would require major revisions of the current European legal framework. This review of international approaches might, however, aid in deciding upon future approaches for substantiating health claims with evidence on traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin G M Lenssen
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Campus Venlo, Maastricht Univ., Venlo, The Netherlands.,Univ. College Venlo, Campus Venlo, Maastricht Univ., Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- Univ. College Venlo, Campus Venlo, Maastricht Univ., Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Alie de Boer
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Campus Venlo, Maastricht Univ., Venlo, The Netherlands.,Univ. College Venlo, Campus Venlo, Maastricht Univ., Venlo, The Netherlands
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35
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Guzman E, Molina J. The predictive utility of the plant phylogeny in identifying sources of cardiovascular drugs. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:154-164. [PMID: 29486635 PMCID: PMC6130559 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1444642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally, responsible for over 17 million (31%) deaths in the world. Novel pharmacological interventions may be needed given the high prevalence of CVD. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to find potential new sources of cardiovascular (CV) drugs from phylogenetic and pharmacological analyses of plant species that have experimental and traditional CV applications in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of these plant species and mapped their pharmacological mechanisms of action on the phylogeny. RESULTS Out of 139 plant species in 71 plant families, seven plant families with 45 species emerged as phylogenetically important exhibiting common CV mechanisms of action within the family, as would be expected given their common ancestry: Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae and Zingiberaceae. Apiaceae and Brassicaceae promoted diuresis and hypotension; Fabaceae and Lamiaceae had anticoagulant/thrombolytic effects; Apiaceae and Zingiberaceae were calcium channel blockers. Moreover, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae and Zingiberaceae species were found to possess anti-atherosclerotic properties. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The phylogeny identified certain plant families with disproportionately more species, highlighting their importance as sources of natural products for CV drug discovery. Though there were some species that did not show the same mechanism within the family, the phylogeny predicts that these species may contain undiscovered phytochemistry, and potentially, the same bioactivity. Evolutionary pharmacology, as applied here, may guide and expedite our efforts in discovering sources of new CV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Guzman
- Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jeanmaire Molina
- Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Esakkimuthu S, Sylvester Darvin S, Mutheeswaran S, Gabriel Paulraj M, Pandikumar P, Ignacimuthu S, Al-Dhabi NA. A study on food-medicine continuum among the non-institutionally trained siddha practitioners of Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2018; 14:45. [PMID: 29954417 PMCID: PMC6025710 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-018-0240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal properties of the food species are one of the poorly documented and important areas of ethnopharmacology. The present survey quantitatively documented the medicinal foods prescribed by the non-institutionally trained siddha practitioners of Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu. METHODS Field work was carried out between December 2014 and April 2017 using a questionnaire. The illnesses mentioned by the informants were grouped as illness categories on the basis of emic perceptions. Sufficiency of sampling of this survey was assessed by plotting the cumulative number of UR and Shannon-Wiener's index. The indices such as informant consensus factor (FIC), Index of Agreement on Remedies (IAR), and Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI) were calculated. RESULTS This study documented 165 medicinal foods used by 82 non-institutionally trained siddha practitioners of Tiruvallur district, and 73.93% of these preparations were plant based. Among the animal taxa, 82.05% were represented by fish taxa. The illness category gastrointestinal ailments is the majorly cited illness category treated with plant-based formulations. The illness categories viz., gastrointestinal ailments, hemorrhoids, and neural ailments had high consensus under the group of plant-based medicinal foods. In animal-based medicinal foods, kapha ailments had gained 23.07% of UR. The illness categories such as bone fractures, male reproductive ailments, blood ailments, and anabolic had high FIC values. CONCLUSIONS Deeper studies on different dietary cultures of India may help to derive better interpretations on food-medicine continuum. This study identified some important claims such as the use of citron, pomegranate and Solanum americanum (gastrointestinal ailments), Abutilon indicum, onions and elephant foot yam (hemorrhoids), Boerhavia diffusa (urinary ailments), Moringa oleifera (anemia), Aloe vera (gynecological ailments), Eclipta prostrata (liver ailments), ivy gourd (diabetes), citron (hypertension), Centella asiatica (psychological ailments), spade nose shark (lactogogue), reticulate whipray (wheezing and bronchitis), Katelysia opima (impotence), Indian squid (anemia), and Indian oil sardine (anabolic). More studies on these claims will help identify novel functional foods to add to the field of medical nutrition therapy, with traditional brand identity. Robust studies on the documentation of the traditional knowledge on marine resources will yield a good database for various stakeholders and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Esakkimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034 India
| | - S. Sylvester Darvin
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034 India
| | - S. Mutheeswaran
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034 India
| | - M. Gabriel Paulraj
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034 India
| | - P. Pandikumar
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034 India
| | - S. Ignacimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600034 India
- International Scientific Partnership Programme, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - N. A. Al-Dhabi
- Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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37
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Huang HZ, Zhao SY, Ke XM, Lin JZ, Huang SS, Xu RC, Ma HY, Zhang Y, Han L, Zhang DK. Study on the stability control strategy of Triphala solution based on the balance of physical stability and chemical stabilities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:247-256. [PMID: 29890481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Triphala is a well-known prescription in Indian Ayurveda and TCM medicine for its great effect on gingivitis and hyperlipidemia. However, its solution is unstable for the containing of excessive polyphenol, leading to the production of sediment in the short term and the decrease of efficacy. Based on the analysis of sediment formation, a novel control strategy is proposed. To conduct the analysis, the sediment formation was recorded for a consecutive five days. The changes in the composition of the supernatant and the sediment were studied by the HPLC profile analysis. The main components of the sediment were identified as corilagin, ellagic acid and gallic acid, and the amount of ellagic acid sediment increased with the storage time. Then, with a series of pH status adjustments of the Triphala solution, the physical and chemical stabilities were acquired by Turbiscan and HPLC respectively. The results showed that as the pH value increased, so did the physical stability, but the particle size and TSI of the association decreased. While the fingerprint of chemical profile similarity decreased, so did the chemical stability. Combining physical and chemical stability parameters, an equilibrium point was found out. When the pH value was adjusted to 5.0, both the physical and chemical stabilities were better: the verification test showed that the sedimentation inhibition rates on the 3rd, 5th,10th and15th days were 41%, 55%, 41%, and 23%, respectively. This manuscript provided a new control strategy that will pique pharmaceutical and food development engineers' interest and trigger research ideas controlling the quality of decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhou Huang
- Provincial and State Constructed Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research and Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resource, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Sheng-Yu Zhao
- Provincial and State Constructed Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research and Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resource, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiu-Mei Ke
- Basic Medical College of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, PR China
| | - Jun-Zhi Lin
- Teaching hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 610075, PR China
| | - Shu-Sen Huang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Run-Chun Xu
- Provincial and State Constructed Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research and Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resource, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Ma
- Provincial and State Constructed Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research and Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resource, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Chengdu Institutes of Food and Drug Control, Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Provincial and State Constructed Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research and Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resource, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- Provincial and State Constructed Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research and Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resource, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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38
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Zhu W, Zhang W, Xu N, Li Y, Xu J, Zhang H, Li Y, Lv S, Liu W, Wang H. Dihydroartemisinin induces apoptosis and downregulates glucose metabolism in JF-305 pancreatic cancer cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20692-20700. [PMID: 35542352 PMCID: PMC9080833 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell promotion of glycolysis provides a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) displays cytotoxicity to multiple human tumor cells. However, its effects on pancreatic cancer cells are not well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of DHA on glucose metabolism and cell viability in JF-305 pancreatic cancer cells. To achieve these goals, cell viability was measured with MTT assay, and the occurrence of apoptosis was detected. Glucose uptake, lactate production, and ATP content were measured. Western blotting was used for the detection of apoptosis-related protein expression. The result showed that DHA caused significant reduction in JF-305 cell viability, arrested the cell phase in G2/M, induced apoptosis, and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and accumulated ROS. DHA also inhibited glucose uptake, lactate generation, and ATP production. Western blotting showed that treatment with DHA increased the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, and upregulated the expression levels of Bax and Cyto C. Meanwhile, DHA downregulated the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibited glucose transporter 1 expression. Our data suggest that DHA treatment increased the apoptosis of JF-305 pancreatic cancer cells, and the effect of apoptosis may be associated with the inhibition of glycolysis. Cancer cell promotion of glycolysis provides a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhe Zhu
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| | - Na Xu
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| | - Yawei Li
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| | - Yan Li
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| | - Shijie Lv
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- China
| | - Wensen Liu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Changchun 130122
- China
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39
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de Fátima Formiga Melo Diniz M, de Luna Freire Pessôa H, de Sá CB, Lira AB, da Silva Nunes Ramalho L, de Oliveira KM, Dias GT, Melo CR, do Amaral Ramalho J, Bezerra Luna Lima CM. Non-clinical acute and chronic toxicity evaluations of Cissus sicyoides L. (Vitaceae) hydroalcoholic leaf extract. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:890-896. [PMID: 30181957 PMCID: PMC6120429 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cissus sicyoides species has several pharmacological activities. The ethanolic extract from the leaves of Cissus caused few blood changes at the 40.5 mg/kg dose in the acute study. In the chronic study, EHA showed no toxic effects at the popular dose (4.5 mg/kg). Only the 13.5 mg/kg dose in the chronic trial showed blood changes.
Cissus sicyoides (Cs) has been traditionally used to treat diabetes and belongs to the family Vitaceae, and is known as “vegetable insulin". This study aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic non-clinical toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of Cissus sicyoides (EHA-Cs). The acute test was performed in Wistar rats, administering a single dose of 40.5 mg/kg. Behavioral parameters for pharmacological screening were observed to detect signs of Central Nervous System activity; consumption of daily food and water, and weight evaluation. After day 14, the animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected for laboratory analyses of hematological and biochemical parameters. The chronic tests were administered in doses of 4.5, 13.5 and 40.5 mg/kg. The same parameters were observed together with body temperature, glucose, exploration activity (test on the open field), and motor activity (diagnostic tests on the Rota-rod). For the group given the highest dosage during the study, histopathological examinations of vital organs were performed. For acute toxicity, there were no CNS level effects, changes in water and food consumption, or hematologic parameters. However, there was a significant decrease in weight gain for the treated females. Biochemical analyses of the treated animals presented increased levels of AST (aspartate aminotransferase) in females, uric acid levels in females and males, and amylase in males. In the chronic toxicity tests, water consumption was higher for females (at the dosages of 13.5 and 40.5 mg/kg) and for males (at 40.5 mg/kg). At the dosages of 4.5 and 13.5 mg/kg, feed consumption increased for females, while for males it decreased along with weight gain. Blood analysis presented an increase in albumin and changes in erythrocytes and hemoglobin for males (at the dose of 13.5 mg/kg). Glycemia in females (13.5 mg/kg dose) was significantly less, presenting only slight drops at the other doses. The changes were reversible in the satellite group. EHA-Cs revealed a relatively low toxicity profile (at the popular use dose), and only small changes in hematological and biochemical parameters at the dose of 13.5 mg/kg (3x the popular use dosage). In addition, EHA-Cs did not promote histological changes in vital organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys.
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Chloroform Extract of Artemisia annua L. Relaxes Mouse Airway Smooth Muscle. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9870414. [PMID: 29259649 PMCID: PMC5702405 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9870414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. belongs to the Asteraceae family, which is indigenous to China. It has valuable pharmacological properties, such as antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, whether it possesses antiasthma properties is unknown. In the current study, chloroform extract of Artemisia annua L. (CEAA) was prepared, and we found that CEAA completely eliminated acetylcholine (ACh) or high K+-elicited (80 mM) contractions of mouse tracheal rings (TRs). Patch-clamp technique and ion channel blockers were employed to explore the underlying mechanisms of the relaxant effect of CEAA. In whole-cell current recording, CEAA almost fully abolished voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) currents and markedly enhanced large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel currents on airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). In single channel current recording, CEAA increased the opening probability but had no effect on the single channel conductance of BK channels. However, under paxilline-preincubated (a selective BK channel blocker) conditions, CEAA only slightly increased BK channel currents. These results indicate that CEAA may contain active components with potent antiasthma activity. The abolished VDCCs by CEAA may mainly contribute to the underlying mechanism through which it acts as an effective antiasthmatic compound, but the enhanced BK currents might play a less important role in the antiasthmatic effects.
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Mukunthan KS, Satyan RS, Patel TN. Pharmacological evaluation of phytochemicals from South Indian Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) to target cancer apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:82-90. [PMID: 28733192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Black turmeric), a perennial herb of the family Zingiberaceae is indigenous to India. C. caesia is used as a spice, food preservative and coloring agent commonly in the Indian subcontinent. Functional parametric pharmacological evaluations like drug ability and toxicity profile of this endangered species is poorly documented. In our present study, among all the extracts of dried C. caesia rhizome viz- hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water tested for free radical scavenging capacity by total antioxidant activity (TAO) method, Hexane Rhizome Extract (HRE) was found to possess remarkable activity (1200mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100g). In MTT assay across three cancer cell lines and a control cell line, HRE exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition only in cancer cells, with notable activity in HepG2 cell lines (IC50: 0976µg/mL). Further, western blotting and flow cytometry experiments proved that HRE induces cell arrest at G2/M phase along with cellular apoptosis as suggestive by multiple-point mitochondrial mediated intrinsic pathway of Programmed Cell Death (PCD). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis of HRE suggested twenty compounds that when docked in silico with Tubulin (1SA0) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/ EGFR (1XKK) showed very intimate binding with the original ligands. Our results provided significant evidence of the toxicity mechanisms of HRE that may be beneficial for more rational applications of drug discovery for slowing down cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Mukunthan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - R S Satyan
- Parikshan, C-53, T.V.K. Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T N Patel
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) fruit feeding extends lifespan and increases tolerance to environmental stresses by regulating aging-associated gene expression in Drosophila. Biogerontology 2017; 18:263-273. [PMID: 28251407 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) fruit has been utilized as an adjunct to alleviate medical symptoms including, but not limited to, anorexia, fatigue, anxiety and mild diarrhea for centuries. Despite a growing body of literature revealing jujube fruit's health promoting properties such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant effects (shown with cell-based in vitro platforms), there is a paucity of studies systemically examining its impact on whole organisms or throughout the entire course of life utilizing in vivo model systems. Thus, here in this study, we conducted a series of experiments to investigate if jujube fruit can modify an organism's longevity using a live Drosophila model. We found that jujube fruit feeding extended not only lifespan but also healthspan examined by stress assays such as starvation and paraquat treatment. In an effort to shed light on the mechanisms of these jujube-related benefits at the molecular level, we report that messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of 14-3-3ε, a negative FoxO (Forkhead box O transcription factor) regulator, was dramatically diminished while the abundance of d4E-BP mRNA transcript (drosophila eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein), a FoxO target gene, was increased, suggesting enhanced FoxO activity with jujube fruit feeding. In conclusion, we hope our results will lead to multidisciplinary research to investigate the potential benefit of jujube fruit as a novel anti-aging agent.
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Kumar S, Jahangir Alam M, Prabhakar P, Ahmad S, Maulik SK, Sharma M, Goswami SK. Proteomic analysis of the protective effects of aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) on isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:98-108. [PMID: 28063919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (TA) has been in use as an ethnomedicine for cardiovascular ailments in the Indian subcontinent for centuries. Studies using hemodynamic, ROS scavenging and anti-inflammatory parameters in animal models have shown its anti-atherogenic, hypotensive, inotropic, anti-inflammatory effects. However, details analysis on its effects on established molecular and cell biological markers are a prerequisite for its wider acceptance to the medical community. AIMS OF THE STUDY To test the efficacy of TA extract in ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy induced by ISO in rats. METHODS Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by ISO (5mg/kg/day s.c. for 14 days) in rats and a standardized aqueous extract of TA stem bark was orally administered by gavage. Total RNA and protein were isolated from control, ISO, ISO plus TA and TA treated rat hearts and analyzed for the transcripts for the markers of hypertrophy, signaling kinases, transcription factors and total protein profile. RESULTS TA extract reversed the induction of fetal genes like β-myosin heavy chain, skeletal α-actin and brain natriuretic peptide in hypertrophic rat hearts. While ISO slightly increased the level of phospho-ERK, TA repressed it to about one third of the base line level. Survival kinase Akt, ER stress marker Grp78 and epigenetic regulator HDAC5 were augmented by ISO and TA restored them by various extents. ISO administration moderately increased the transcription factor NFκB binding activity, while coadministration of TA further increased it. AP-1 binding activity was largely unchanged by ISO treatment but it was upregulated when administered along with TA. MEF2D binding activity was increased by ISO and TA restored it to the baseline level. Global proteomic analysis revealed that TA treatment restored a subset of proteins up- and down-regulated in the hypertrophied hearts. Amongst those restored by TA were purinergic receptor X, myosin light chain 3, tropomyosin, and kininogen; suggesting a nodal role of TA in modulating cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS This study for the first time reveals that TA partially or completely restores the marker mRNAs, signaling kinases, transcription factors and total protein profile in rat heart, thereby demonstrating its efficacy in preventing ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Pankaj Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, 110029, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Subir K Maulik
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, 110029, New Delhi, India.
| | - Manish Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Shyamal K Goswami
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Xu J, Chen HB, Li SL. Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of the Interplay Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1140-1185. [PMID: 28052344 DOI: 10.1002/med.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) are much appreciated for their significant contribution to human survival and reproduction by remedial and prophylactic management of diseases. Defining the scientific basis of HMs will substantiate their value and promote their modernization. Ever-increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in HM therapy by complicated interplay with HM components. This interplay includes such activities as: gut microbiota biotransforming HM chemicals into metabolites that harbor different bioavailability and bioactivity/toxicity from their precursors; HM chemicals improving the composition of gut microbiota, consequently ameliorating its dysfunction as well as associated pathological conditions; and gut microbiota mediating the interactions (synergistic and antagonistic) between the multiple chemicals in HMs. More advanced experimental designs are recommended for future study, such as overall chemical characterization of gut microbiota-metabolized HMs, direct microbial analysis of HM-targeted gut microbiota, and precise gut microbiota research model development. The outcomes of such research can further elucidate the interactions between HMs and gut microbiota, thereby opening a new window for defining the scientific basis of HMs and for guiding HM-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China.,Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China
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Maheshwari A, Verma N, Swaroop A, Bagchi M, Preuss HG, Tiwari K, Bagchi D. Efficacy of Furosap TM, a novel Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract, in Enhancing Testosterone Level and Improving Sperm Profile in Male Volunteers. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:58-66. [PMID: 28138310 PMCID: PMC5278660 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary fiber rich fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds have exhibited cardioprotective, hypolipidemic and other health benefits. Furosap (FS), an innovative, patented, 20% protodioscin-enriched extract was developed in our laboratory from fenugreek seeds. This study examined the free and total testosterone levels, sperm profile and morphology, sexual health, mood and mental alertness, and broad spectrum safety parameters of FS in 50 male volunteers following supplementation over a period of 12 weeks. Methods: Institutional Review Board (IRB) and other regulatory approvals were obtained for our study. This one-arm, open-labelled, multi-center study was conducted in 50 male volunteers (age: 35 to 65 years) over a period of 12 weeks to determine the efficacy of FS (500 mg/day/subject) on free and total testosterone levels, sperm profile, sperm morphology, libido and sexual health, mood and mental alertness, and broad spectrum safety parameters. Results: Free testosterone levels were improved up to 46% in 90% of the study population. 85.4% of the study population showed improvements in sperm counts. Sperm morphology improved in 14.6% of volunteers. Majority of the subjects enrolled in the study demonstrated improvements in mental alertness and mood. Furthermore, cardiovascular health and libido were significantly improved. Extensive safety parameters were evaluated which included blood chemistry data. No significant changes were observed in serum lipid function, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL levels, hemogram (CBC), hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Conclusion: Overall, the results demonstrate that FS, enriched in 20% protodioscin, is safe and effective in attenuating testosterone levels, healthy sperm profile, mental alertness, cardiovascular health and overall performance in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Maheshwari
- Department of Medicine, BBD University, Lucknow, India; Metabolic Physician, SHK Diabetes Clinic & Research Center, Lucknow, India
| | - Narsingh Verma
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Harry G Preuss
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- Cepham Research Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA; University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
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