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Dossa GGO, Adhikari S, Cao KF, Chen YJ, Codjia JEI, Corlett RT, Dong J, Fan ZX, Khatri P, Kiki M, Li HL, Ling TC, Liu G, Majcher BM, Nisar N, Njoroge DM, Ofosu-Bamfo B, Pearce S, Roeder M, Schaefer DA, Schnitzer SA, Smith-Martin CM, Thu WP, Tomlinson KW, Xu SY, Zakari S, Zhang JL, Zhang YB, Zotz G, Zuo J, Cornelissen JHC. Lianas from lives to afterlives: 1st International workshop on liana forest ecology, Xishuangbanna, China, 12-16 October 2023. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38622774 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gbadamassi G O Dossa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Shambhu Adhikari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jean Evans Israel Codjia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, BP 123, Benin
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jinlong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ze-Xin Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Pratibha Khatri
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Mathieu Kiki
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Hong-Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Science, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan, 665000, China
| | - Tial C Ling
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Guangyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Environmental education department, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | | | - Nehrish Nisar
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Denis M Njoroge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bismark Ofosu-Bamfo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, P.O. Box 214, Ghana
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Steven Pearce
- The Tree Projects Lead Tree Climber, Big Tree State Pty. Ltd., Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mareike Roeder
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany
| | - Douglas A Schaefer
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Stefan A Schnitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881, WI, USA
| | - Chris M Smith-Martin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Wai Phyo Thu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Shui-Yuan Xu
- College of Biological and Chemical Science, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan, 665000, China
| | - Sissou Zakari
- Laboratory of Hydraulics and Environmental Modeling (HydroModE-Lab), Faculté d'Agronomie, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 351, Parakou, Benin
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Functional Ecology of Plants, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama City, Panama
| | - Juan Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Dossa GGO, Li HL, Pan B, Ling TC, Schaefer DA, Roeder M, Njoroge DM, Zuo J, Song L, Ofosu-Bamfo B, Schnitzer SA, Harrison RD, Bongers F, Zhang JL, Cao KF, Powers JS, Fan ZX, Chen YJ, Corlett RT, Zotz G, Oleksyn J, Wyka TP, Codjia JEI, Cornelissen JHC. Effects of lianas on forest biogeochemistry during their lives and afterlives. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17274. [PMID: 38605677 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances are increasing liana abundance and biomass in many tropical and subtropical forests. While the effects of living lianas on species diversity, ecosystem carbon, and nutrient dynamics are receiving increasing attention, the role of dead lianas in forest ecosystems has been little studied and is poorly understood. Trees and lianas coexist as the major woody components of forests worldwide, but they have very different ecological strategies, with lianas relying on trees for mechanical support. Consequently, trees and lianas have evolved highly divergent stem, leaf, and root traits. Here we show that this trait divergence is likely to persist after death, into the afterlives of these organs, leading to divergent effects on forest biogeochemistry. We introduce a conceptual framework combining horizontal, vertical, and time dimensions for the effects of liana proliferation and liana tissue decomposition on ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. We propose a series of empirical studies comparing traits between lianas and trees to answer questions concerning the influence of trait afterlives on the decomposability of liana and tree organs. Such studies will increase our understanding of the contribution of lianas to terrestrial biogeochemical cycling, and help predict the effects of their increasing abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbadamassi G O Dossa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Science, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | - Tial C Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Douglas A Schaefer
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mareike Roeder
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Rastatt, Germany
| | - Denis M Njoroge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Bismark Ofosu-Bamfo
- Department of Biological Science, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stefan A Schnitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ze-Xin Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Functional Ecology of Plants, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Wyka
- General Botany Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jean Evans Israel Codjia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, BP, Benin
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li YR, Wang ZW, Corlett RT, Yu WB. Comparative analyses of mitogenomes in the social bees with insights into evolution of long inverted repeats in the Meliponini. Zool Res 2024; 45:160-175. [PMID: 38199971 PMCID: PMC10839653 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene contents. Nonetheless, mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa, and gene rearrangements, usually the tRNAs, occur in different lineages. Because synapomorphies of mitogenome organizations can provide information for phylogenetic inferences, comparative analyses of mitogenomes have been given increasing attention. However, most studies use a very few species to represent the whole genus, tribe, family, or even order, overlooking potential variations at lower taxonomic levels, which might lead to some incorrect inferences. To provide new insights into mitogenome organizations and their implications for phylogenetic inference, this study conducted comparative analyses for mitogenomes of three social bee tribes (Meliponini, Bombini, and Apini) based on the phylogenetic framework with denser taxonomic sampling at the species and population levels. Comparative analyses revealed that mitogenomes of Apini and Bombini are the typical type, while those of Meliponini show diverse variations in mitogenome sizes and organizations. Large inverted repeats (IRs) cause significant gene rearrangements of protein coding genes (PCGs) and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Australian stingless bee species. Molecular evolution analyses showed that the lineage with IRs have lower d N/ d S ratios for PCGs than lineages without IRs, indicating potential effects of IRs on the evolution of mitochondrial genes. The finding of IRs and different patterns of gene rearrangements suggested that Meliponini is a hotspot in mitogenome evolution. Unlike conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangements were found only in the mentioned lineages within Meliponini, tRNA rearrangements are common across all three tribes of social bees, and are significant even at the species level, indicating that comprehensive sampling is needed to fully understand the patterns of tRNA rearrangements, and their implications for phylogenetic inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ran Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China. E-mail:
| | - Wen-Bin Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China. E-mail:
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Chen H, Zhang G, Ding G, Huang J, Zhang H, Vidal MC, Corlett RT, Liu C, An J. Interspecific Host Variation and Biotic Interactions Drive Pathogen Community Assembly in Chinese Bumblebees. Insects 2023; 14:887. [PMID: 37999086 PMCID: PMC10672019 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Bumblebees have been considered one of the most important pollinators on the planet. However, recent reports of bumblebee decline have raised concern about a significant threat to ecosystem stability. Infectious diseases caused by multiple pathogen infections have been increasingly recognized as an important mechanism behind this decline worldwide. Understanding the determining factors that influence the assembly and composition of pathogen communities among bumblebees can provide important implications for predicting infectious disease dynamics and making effective conservation policies. Here, we study the relative importance of biotic interactions versus interspecific host resistance in shaping the pathogen community composition of bumblebees in China. We first conducted a comprehensive survey of 13 pathogens from 22 bumblebee species across China. We then applied joint species distribution modeling to assess the determinants of pathogen community composition and examine the presence and strength of pathogen-pathogen associations. We found that host species explained most of the variations in pathogen occurrences and composition, suggesting that host specificity was the most important variable in predicting pathogen occurrences and community composition in bumblebees. Moreover, we detected both positive and negative associations among pathogens, indicating the role of competition and facilitation among pathogens in determining pathogen community assembly. Our research demonstrates the power of a pluralistic framework integrating field survey of bumblebee pathogens with community ecology frameworks to understand the underlying mechanisms of pathogen community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Insect-Pollinator Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (J.H.); (H.Z.)
- Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Guangshuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Insect-Pollinator Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (J.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Guiling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Insect-Pollinator Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (J.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Insect-Pollinator Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (J.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Insect-Pollinator Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (J.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Mayra C. Vidal
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China;
| | - Cong Liu
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
- Department of Organismic and Evolutional Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jiandong An
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Insect-Pollinator Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (J.H.); (H.Z.)
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Shen T, Song L, Corlett RT, Guisan A, Wang J, Ma WZ, Mouton L, Vanderpoorten A, Collart F. Disentangling the roles of chance, abiotic factors and biotic interactions among epiphytic bryophyte communities in a tropical rainforest (Yunnan, China). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:880-891. [PMID: 37655516 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Epiphytes offer an appealing framework to disentangle the contributions of chance, biotic and abiotic drivers of species distributions. In the context of the stress-gradient theory, we test the hypotheses that (i) deterministic (i.e., non-random) factors play an increasing role in communities from young to old trees, (ii) negative biotic interactions increase on older trees and towards the tree base, and (iii) positive interactions show the reverse pattern. Bryophyte species distributions and abiotic conditions were recorded on a 1.1 ha tropical rainforest canopy crane site. We analysed co-occurrence patterns in a niche modelling framework to disentangle the roles of chance, abiotic factors and putative biotic interactions among species pairs. 76% of species pairs resulted from chance. Abiotic factors explained 78% of non-randomly associated species pairs, and co-occurrences prevailed over non-coincidences in the remaining species pairs. Positive and negative interactions mostly involved species pairs from the same versus different communities (mosses versus liverworts) and life forms, respectively. There was an increase in randomly associated pairs from large to small trees. No increase in negative interactions from young to old trees or from the canopy to the base was observed. Our results suggest that epiphytic bryophyte community composition is primarily driven by environmental filtering, whose importance increases with niche complexity and diversity. Biotic interactions play a secondary role, with a very marginal contribution of competitive exclusion. Biotic interactions vary among communities (mosses versus liverworts) and life forms, facilitation prevailing among species from the same community and life form, and competition among species from different communities and life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, China
- Institute of Botany, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Menglun, China
- Department of Ecology and Evolution (DEE), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - L Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, China
| | - R T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Menglun, China
| | - A Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution (DEE), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Wang
- Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - W-Z Ma
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - L Mouton
- Institute of Botany, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - F Collart
- Department of Ecology and Evolution (DEE), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Corlett RT. Zero extinction of known land plants is both desirable and achievable: a reply to Cannon and Lerdau. Trends Plant Sci 2023; 28:973-974. [PMID: 37419790 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China.
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Abstract
Despite the importance of plants for humans and the threats to their future, plant conservation receives far less support compared with vertebrate conservation. Plants are much cheaper and easier to conserve than are animals, but, although there are no technical reasons why any plant species should become extinct, inadequate funding and the shortage of skilled people has created barriers to their conservation. These barriers include the incomplete inventory, the low proportion of species with conservation status assessments, partial online data accessibility, varied data quality, and insufficient investment in both in and ex situ conservation. Machine learning, citizen science (CS), and new technologies could mitigate these problems, but we need to set national and global targets of zero plant extinction to attract greater support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China.
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Corlett RT. Green Shoots: A Burning Embers for biodiversity? Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:3851-3853. [PMID: 37073823 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
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Wu ZY, Milne RI, Liu J, Nathan R, Corlett RT, Li DZ. The establishment of plants following long-distance dispersal. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:289-300. [PMID: 36456382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal (LDD) beyond the range of a species is an important driver of ecological and evolutionary patterns, but insufficient attention has been given to postdispersal establishment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the post-LDD establishment phase in plant colonization, identify six key determinants of establishment success, develop a general quantitative framework for post-LDD establishment, and address the major challenges and opportunities in future research. These include improving detection and understanding of LDD using novel approaches, investigating mechanisms determining post-LDD establishment success using mechanistic modeling and inference, and comparison of establishment between past and present. By addressing current knowledge gaps, we aim to further our understanding of how LDD affects plant distributions, and the long-term consequences of LDD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Yuan Wu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Richard I Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Jie Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; Key Laboratory for Plant and Biodiversity of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
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10
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Mo YX, Corlett RT, Wang G, Song L, Lu HZ, Wu Y, Hao GY, Ma RY, Men SZ, Li Y, Liu WY. Hemiepiphytic figs kill their host trees: acquiring phosphorus is a driving factor. New Phytol 2022; 236:714-728. [PMID: 35811425 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemiepiphytic figs killing their host trees is an ecological process unique to the tropics. Yet the benefits and adaptive strategies of their special life history remain poorly understood. We compared leaf phosphorus (P) content data of figs and palms worldwide, and functional traits and substrate P content of hemiepiphytic figs (Ficus tinctoria), their host palm and nonhemiepiphytic conspecifics at different growth stages in a common garden. We found that leaf P content of hemiepiphytic figs and their host palms significantly decreased when they were competing for soil resources, but that of hemiepiphytic figs recovered after host death. P availability in the canopy humus and soil decreased significantly with the growth of hemiepiphytic figs. Functional trait trade-offs of hemiepiphytic figs enabled them to adapt to the P shortage while competing with their hosts. From the common garden to a global scale, the P competition caused by high P demand of figs may be a general phenomenon. Our results suggest that P competition is an important factor causing host death, except for mechanically damaging and shading hosts. Killing hosts benefits hemiepiphytic figs by reducing interspecific P competition and better acquiring P resources in the P-deficient tropics, thereby linking the life history strategy of hemiepiphytic figs to the widespread P shortage in tropical soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Mo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Gang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Liang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Hua-Zheng Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Guang-You Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110010, China
| | - Ren-Yi Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shi-Zheng Men
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Wen-Yao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
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11
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Qin RM, Wen P, Corlett RT, Zhang Y, Wang G, Chen J. Plant-defense mimicry facilitates rapid dispersal of short-lived seeds by hornets. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3429-3435.e5. [PMID: 35777364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rates of seed dispersal have rarely been considered important. Here, we demonstrate through field observations and experiments that rapid dispersal is essential for the unusually short-lived seeds of Aquilaria sinensis (agarwood; Thymelaeaceae), which desiccate and die within hours of exposure by fruit dehiscence in the hot, dry forest canopy in tropical southwest China. We show that three species of Vespa hornets remove most seeds within minutes of exposure. The hornets consume only the fleshy elaiosomes and deposit most seeds in damp shade, where they can germinate, a mean of 166 m from the parent tree. Electrophysiological assays and field experiments demonstrate that the hornets are attracted by highly volatile short-carbon-chain (C5-C9) compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and acids, emitted from the dehiscent fruit capsule. These attractive fruit volatiles share 14 of 17 major electrophysiologically active compounds with those emitted from herbivore-damaged leaves, which attract predators, including hornets. Rapid seed dispersal thus appears to have been achieved in this species by the re-purposing of a rapid indirect defense mechanism. We predict that rapid seed dispersal by various mechanisms will be more widespread than currently documented and suggest that volatile attractants are more effective in facilitating this than visual signals, which are blocked by vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Min Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ping Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yuanye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Gang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
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12
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Pomoim N, Hughes AC, Trisurat Y, Corlett RT. Vulnerability to climate change of species in protected areas in Thailand. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5705. [PMID: 35383264 PMCID: PMC8983663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 23% of Thailand’s land is in protected areas, these are vulnerable to climate change. We used spatial distribution modelling for 866 vertebrate and 591 plant species to understand potential climate change impacts on species in protected areas. Most mammals, birds, and plants were projected to decline by 2070, but most amphibians and reptiles were projected to increase. By 2070 under RCP8.5, 54% of modeled species will be threatened and 11 nationally extinct. However, SDMs are sensitive to truncation of the climate space currently occupied by habitat loss and hunting, and apparent truncation by data limitations. In Thailand, lowland forest clearance has biased records for forest-dependent species to cooler uplands (> 250 m a.s.l.) and hunting has confined larger vertebrates to well-protected areas. In contrast, available data is biased towards lowland non-forest taxa for amphibians and reptiles. Niche truncation may therefore have resulted in overestimation of vulnerability for some mammal and plant species, while data limitations have likely led to underestimation of the threat to forest-dependent amphibians and reptiles. In view of the certainty of climate change but the many uncertainties regarding biological responses, we recommend regular, long-term monitoring of species and communities to detect early signals of climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirunrut Pomoim
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alice C Hughes
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China. .,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China.
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13
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Liu R, Wang H, Yang JB, Corlett RT, Randle CP, Li DZ, Yu WB. Cryptic Species Diversification of the Pedicularis siphonantha Complex (Orobanchaceae) in the Mountains of Southwest China Since the Pliocene. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:811206. [PMID: 35401620 PMCID: PMC8987768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.811206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Morphological approaches often fail to delimit species in recently derived species complexes. This can be exacerbated in historical collections which may have lost key features in specimen preparation and preservation. Here, we examine the Pedicularis siphonantha complex, endemic to the Mountains of Southwest China. This complex is characterized by its red/purple/pink and long-tubular corolla, and twisted, beaked galea. However, herbarium specimens are often difficult to identify to species. Molecular approaches using nrITS or nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) + plastid DNA (ptDNA) have been successfully used for species identification in Pedicularis. To resolve taxonomic confusion in the Pedicularis siphonantha complex, we reconstructed phylogenies of the complex using nrITS and four plastid DNA loci (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, and trnL-F). To recover as much of the phylogenetic history as possible, we sampled individuals at the population level. Topological incongruence between the nrITS and ptDNA datasets was recovered in clades including two widely distributed species, Pedicularis milliana and Pedicularis tenuituba. Based on morphological, geographical, and genetic evidence, we suggest that hybridization/introgression has occurred between P. milliana and Pedicularis sigmoidea/Pedicularis sp. 1 in the Yulong Snow Mountain of Lijiang, northwest Yunnan, and between P. tenuituba and Pedicularis leptosiphon in Ninglang, northwest Yunnan. After removing conflicting DNA regions in Pedicularis dolichosiphon (nrITS) and P. milliana (ptDNA), the concatenated nrITS and ptDNA phylogenies distinguish 11 species in the P. siphonantha complex, including two undescribed species, from the Jiaozi and Yulong Snow Mountains, respectively. Phylogeographical analyses indicate that the P. siponantha complex originated from south of the Hengduan Mountains, expanding north to the Himalayas and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Moreover, the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and climate oscillations may have driven further diversification in the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Bo Yang
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Centre, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Christopher P. Randle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, United States
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Centre, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Myanmar
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14
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Yao X, Lu Z, Song Y, Hu X, Corlett RT. A chromosome-scale genome assembly for the holly (Ilex polyneura) provides insights into genomic adaptations to elevation in Southwest China. Hortic Res 2022; 9:6497789. [PMID: 35031793 PMCID: PMC8788358 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Southwest China is a plant diversity hotspot. The near-cosmopolitan genus Ilex (c. 664 spp., Aquifoliaceae) reaches its maximum diversity in this region, with many narrow-range and a few widespread species. Divergent selection on widespread species leads to local adaptation, with consequences for both conservation and utilization, but is counteracted by geneflow. Many Ilex species are utilized as teas, medicines, ornamentals, honey plants, and timber, but variation below the species level is largely uninvestigated. We therefore studied the widespread Ilex polyneura, which occupies most of the elevational range available and is cultivated for its decorative leafless branches with persistent red fruits. We assembled a chromosome-scale genome using approximately 100x whole genome long-read and short-read sequencing combined with Hi-C sequencing. The genome is approximately 727.1 Mb, with a contig N50 size of 5 124 369 bp and a scaffold N50 size of 36 593 620 bp, for which the BUSCO score was 97.6%, and 98.9% of the assembly was anchored to 20 pseudochromosomes. Out of 32 838 genes predicted, 96.9% were assigned functions. Two whole genome duplication events were identified. Using this genome as a reference, we conducted a population genomics study of 112 individuals from 21 populations across the elevation range using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). Most populations clustered into four clades separated by distance and elevation. Selective sweep analyses identified 34 candidate genes potentially under selection at different elevations, with functions related to responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. This first high-quality genome in the Aquifoliales will facilitate the further domestication of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303 Yunnan, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303 Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Song
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Novogene Co., Ltd. Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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15
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Wang L, Yang B, Bai Y, Lu X, Corlett RT, Tan Y, Chen X, Zhu J, Liu Y, Quan R. Conservation planning on China's borders with Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:1797-1808. [PMID: 33749881 PMCID: PMC9290145 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Transboundary conservation is playing an increasingly important role in maintaining ecosystem integrity and halting biodiversity loss caused by anthropogenic activities. However, lack of information on species distributions in transboundary regions and understanding of the threats in these areas impairs conservation. We developed a spatial conservation plan for the transboundary areas between Yunnan province, southwestern China, and neighboring Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. To identify priority areas for conservation and restoration, we determined species distribution patterns and recent land-use changes and examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of the connected natural forest, which supports most species. We assessed connectivity with equivalent connected area (ECA), which is the amount of reachable habitat for a species. An ECA incorporates the presence of habitat in a patch and the amount of habitat in other patches within dispersal distance. We analyzed 197,845 locality records from specimen collections and monographs for 21,004 plant and vertebrate species. The region of Yunnan immediately adjacent to the international borders had the highest species richness, with 61% of recorded species and 56% of threatened vertebrates, which suggests high conservation value. Satellite imagery showed the area of natural forest in the border zone declined by 5.2% (13,255 km2 ) from 1995 to 2018 and monoculture plantations increased 92.4%, shrubland 10.1%, and other cropland 6.2%. The resulting decline in connected natural forest reduced the amount of habitat, especially for forest specialists with limited dispersal abilities. The most severe decline in connectivity was along the Sino-Vietnamese border. Many priority areas straddle international boundaries, indicating demand and potential for establishing transboundary protected areas. Our results illustrate the importance of bi- and multilateral cooperation to protect biodiversity in this region and provide guidance for future conservation planning and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
| | - Yang Bai
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
| | - Xiaoqiang Lu
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of ChinaNanjing210042China
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
| | - Yunhong Tan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
| | - Xiao‐Yong Chen
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar
- Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of ChinaNanjing210042China
| | - Rui‐Chang Quan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesYezin Nay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China
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16
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Song X, Corlett RT. Do natural enemies mediate conspecific negative distance‐ and density‐dependence of trees? A meta‐analysis of exclusion experiments. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
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17
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Li L, Liu GM, Zhang ZR, Corlett RT, Yu WB. Characteristics of the complete chloroplast genome sequences of Stylidium debile and Stylidium petiolare (Stylidiaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:3134-3136. [PMID: 34660891 PMCID: PMC8519543 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1985403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report complete chloroplast genome (plastome) sequences of Stylidium debile (150,105 bp) and Stylidium petiolare (150,998 bp). Both plastomes had the typical quadripartite structure, with large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions. Both plastomes have lost the rps19 and ycf15 CDS genes, and had infA-like, rps22-like, and rps7-like pseudogenes. Moreover, IR regions were expanded by having trnH GUG tRNA and the rps22-like pseudogene. Plastome phylogenomic analyses showed that the two Stylidium species formed a monophyletic clade (BS = 100), sister to the Argophyllaceae (BS = 86/83). Sequence differences between the two Stylidium plastomes were 5011 sites, including 2166 variable sites and 2845 indels, with the petA-psbJ spacer the most variable region, followed by the trnK UUU-matK intron and trnG UUG-rps16 spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | - Guo-Ming Liu
- Chinese Carnivorous Plants Garden, Tongxiang, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
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18
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Li X, Yang JB, Wang H, Song Y, Corlett RT, Yao X, Li DZ, Yu WB. Plastid NDH Pseudogenization and Gene Loss in a Recently Derived Lineage from the Largest Hemiparasitic Plant Genus Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae). Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:971-984. [PMID: 34046678 PMCID: PMC8504446 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The plastid genome (plastome) is highly conserved in both gene order and content and has a lower mutation rate than the nuclear genome. However, the plastome is more variable in heterotrophic plants. To date, most such studies have investigated just a few species or only holoheterotrophic groups, and few have examined plastome evolution in recently derived lineages at an early stage of transition from autotrophy to heterotrophy. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary dynamics of plastomes in the monophyletic and recently derived Pedicularis sect. Cyathophora (Orobanchaceae). We obtained 22 new plastomes, 13 from the six recognized species of section Cyathophora, six from hemiparasitic relatives and three from autotrophic relatives. Comparative analyses of gene content, plastome structure and selection pressure showed dramatic differences among species in section Cyathophora and in Pedicularis as a whole. In comparison with autotrophic relatives and other Pedicularis spp., we found that the inverted repeat (IR) region in section Cyathophora had expansions to the small single-copy region, with a large expansion event and two independent contraction events. Moreover, NA(D)H dehydrogenase, accD and ccsA have lost function multiple times, with the function of accD being replaced by nuclear copies of an accD-like gene in Pedicularis spp. The ccsA and ndhG genes may have evolved under selection in association with IR expansion/contraction events. This study is the first to report high plastome variation in a recently derived lineage of hemiparasitic plants and therefore provides evidence for plastome evolution in the transition from autotrophy to heterotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Bo Yang
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yu Song
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- *Corresponding authors: De-Zhu Li, , Wen-Bin Yu,
| | - Wen-Bin Yu
- *Corresponding authors: De-Zhu Li, , Wen-Bin Yu,
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Campos‐Arceiz A, de la Torre JA, Wei K, Wu XO, Zhu Y, Zhao M, Chen S, Bai Y, Corlett RT, Chen F. The return of the elephants: How two groups of dispersing elephants attracted the attention of billions and what can we learn from their behavior. Conserv Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahimsa Campos‐Arceiz
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute & Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan China
| | - J. Antonio de la Torre
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute & Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan China
- Programa Jaguares de la Selva Maya/Bioconciencia A.C. Ocotepec L10 Mz 74, San Jeronimo, San Jeronimo Aculco La Magdalena Contreras Ciudad de Mexico Mexico
| | - Ke Wei
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyu O. Wu
- School of Engineering and Building Environment Griffith University Queensland Australia
| | - Yufei Zhu
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute & Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan China
| | - Mingxu Zhao
- Kunming Survey & Design Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Asian Elephant Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Kunming China
| | - Shu Chen
- Zoological Society of London London UK
| | - Yang Bai
- Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan China
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan China
| | - Fei Chen
- Kunming Survey & Design Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Asian Elephant Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Kunming China
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20
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Mi X, Feng G, Hu Y, Zhang J, Chen L, Corlett RT, Hughes AC, Pimm S, Schmid B, Shi S, Svenning JC, Ma K. The global significance of biodiversity science in China: an overview. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwab032. [PMID: 34694304 PMCID: PMC8310773 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity science in China has seen rapid growth over recent decades, ranging from baseline biodiversity studies to understanding the processes behind evolution across dynamic regions such as the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We review research, including species catalogues; biodiversity monitoring; the origins, distributions, maintenance and threats to biodiversity; biodiversity-related ecosystem function and services; and species and ecosystems' responses to global change. Next, we identify priority topics and offer suggestions and priorities for future biodiversity research in China. These priorities include (i) the ecology and biogeography of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains, and that of subtropical and tropical forests across China; (ii) marine and inland aquatic biodiversity; and (iii) effective conservation and management to identify and maintain synergies between biodiversity and socio-economic development to fulfil China's vision for becoming an ecological civilization. In addition, we propose three future strategies: (i) translate advanced biodiversity science into practice for biodiversity conservation; (ii) strengthen capacity building and application of advanced technologies, including high-throughput sequencing, genomics and remote sensing; and (iii) strengthen and expand international collaborations. Based on the recent rapid progress of biodiversity research, China is well positioned to become a global leader in biodiversity research in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China
| | - Alice C Hughes
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China
| | - Stuart Pimm
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Universityof Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Chen S, Sun GZ, Wang Y, Huang C, Chen Y, Liu P, Deng Y, Cao DF, Zhang MX, Ong S, Zhang ZY, Yang HP, Wang QY, Wang B, Zheng X, Lei Y, Li C, Sun J, Bao MW, Yang ZC, Guan L, Sun YK, Zhou FY, Liu JX, Li LL, Wang F, Corlett RT, Quan RC, Chen MY, Zhang L, Shi K, Campos-Arceiz A. A multistakeholder exercise to identify research and conservation priorities for Asian elephants in China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Song X, Corlett RT. Retraction: Enemies mediate distance- and density-dependent mortality of tree seeds and seedlings: a meta-analysis of fungicide, insecticide and exclosure studies. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210294. [PMID: 33726590 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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23
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Song X, Corlett RT. Enemies mediate distance- and density-dependent mortality of tree seeds and seedlings: a meta-analysis of fungicide, insecticide and exclosure studies. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202352. [PMID: 33468003 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence is often assumed to be one of the most important mechanisms controlling forest community assembly and species diversity globally. Plant pathogens, and insect and mammalian herbivores, are the most common natural enemy types that have been implicated in this phenomenon, but their general effects at different plant life stages are still unclear. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of studies that involved robust manipulative experiments, using fungicides, insecticides and exclosures, to assess the contributions of different natural enemy types to distance- and density-dependent effects at seed and seedling stages. We found that distance- and density-dependent mortality caused by natural enemies was most likely at the seedling stage and was greater at higher mean annual temperatures. Conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence at the seedling stage is significantly weakened when fungicides were applied. By contrast, negative conspecific distance- and density-dependence is not a general pattern at the seed stage. High seed mass reduced distance- and density-dependent mortality at the seed stage. Seed studies excluding only large mammals found significant negative conspecific distance-dependent mortality, but exclusion of all mammals resulted in a non-significant effect of conspecifics. Our study suggests that plant pathogens are a major cause of distance- and density-dependent mortality at the seedling stage, while the impacts of herbivores on seedlings have been understudied. At the seed stage, large and small mammals, respectively, weaken and enhance negative conspecific distance-dependent mortality. Future research should identify specific agents of mortality, investigate the interactions among different enemy types and assess how global change may affect natural enemies and thus influence the strength of conspecific distance- and density-dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, People's Republic of China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, People's Republic of China.,Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, People's Republic of China
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24
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Scheiter S, Kumar D, Corlett RT, Gaillard C, Langan L, Lapuz RS, Martens C, Pfeiffer M, Tomlinson KW. Climate change promotes transitions to tall evergreen vegetation in tropical Asia. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:5106-5124. [PMID: 32531086 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation in tropical Asia is highly diverse due to large environmental gradients and heterogeneity of landscapes. This biodiversity is threatened by intense land use and climate change. However, despite the rich biodiversity and the dense human population, tropical Asia is often underrepresented in global biodiversity assessments. Understanding how climate change influences the remaining areas of natural vegetation is therefore highly important for conservation planning. Here, we used the adaptive Dynamic Global Vegetation Model version 2 (aDGVM2) to simulate impacts of climate change and elevated CO2 on vegetation formations in tropical Asia for an ensemble of climate change scenarios. We used climate forcing from five different climate models for representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. We found that vegetation in tropical Asia will remain a carbon sink until 2099, and that vegetation biomass increases of up to 28% by 2099 are associated with transitions from small to tall woody vegetation and from deciduous to evergreen vegetation. Patterns of phenology were less responsive to climate change and elevated CO2 than biomes and biomass, indicating that the selection of variables and methods used to detect vegetation changes is crucial. Model simulations revealed substantial variation within the ensemble, both in biomass increases and in distributions of different biome types. Our results have important implications for management policy, because they suggest that large ensembles of climate models and scenarios are required to assess a wide range of potential future trajectories of vegetation change and to develop robust management plans. Furthermore, our results highlight open ecosystems with low tree cover as most threatened by climate change, indicating potential conflicts of interest between biodiversity conservation in open ecosystems and active afforestation to enhance carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Scheiter
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dushyant Kumar
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | - Camille Gaillard
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Liam Langan
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralph Sedricke Lapuz
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Carola Martens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Physical Geography, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mirjam Pfeiffer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
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25
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Yang B, Deng M, Zhang MX, Moe AZ, Ding HB, Maw MB, Win PP, Corlett RT, Tan YH. Contributions to the flora of Myanmar from 2000 to 2019. Plant Divers 2020; 42:292-301. [PMID: 33094200 PMCID: PMC7567767 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Myanmar is botanically rich and floristically diverse: one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. However, Myanmar is still very unevenly explored, and until a plant checklist was published in 2003, relatively little work was done on its flora. This checklist included 11,800 species of spermatophytes in 273 families. Since this checklist was published, the botanical exploration of Myanmar has accelerated and there have been many additional publications. We therefore surveyed the literature of taxonomic contributions to Myanmar's vascular flora over the last 20 years (2000-2019) and compiled a list of new and newly described taxa. Our list includes 13 genera, 193 species, 7 subspecies, 19 varieties, and 2 forms new to science; and 3 families, 34 genera, 347 species, 4 subspecies, 7 varieties, and 1 form newly recorded in Myanmar. Altogether, they represent 91 families and 320 genera. Most of the new discoveries belong to 15 families, with more than 25% (146 taxa) belonging to Orchidaceae. These new discoveries are unevenly distributed in the country, with about 41% of the newly discovered species described from Kachin State in northeast Myanmar. This reflects the incompleteness of our current knowledge of the flora of Myanmar and the urgent need for a greatly expanded effort. The completion of the flora of Myanmar requires more fieldwork from north to south, taxonomic studies on new and existing collections, and some mechanism that both coordinates the efforts of various international institutions and initiatives and encourages continued international cooperation. In addition, producing modern taxonomic treatments of the flora of Myanmar requires the participation of experts on all vascular plant families and genera. There is also an urgent need to attract young scientists to plant taxonomy, to work on inventories, identification, nomenclature, herbarium work, and comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, PR China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, PR China
| | - Min Deng
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhang
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, PR China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, PR China
| | - Aung Zaw Moe
- Forest Research Institute, Forest Department, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Hong-Bo Ding
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, PR China
| | - Mya Bhone Maw
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, PR China
| | - Pyae Pyae Win
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, PR China
- Forest Research Institute, Forest Department, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, PR China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, PR China
| | - Yun-Hong Tan
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, PR China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, PR China
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26
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Corlett RT. Safeguarding our future by protecting biodiversity. Plant Divers 2020; 42:221-228. [PMID: 32837768 PMCID: PMC7239009 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Anthropocene is marked by twin crises: climate change and biodiversity loss. Climate change has tended to dominate the headlines, reflecting, in part, the greater complexity of the biodiversity crisis. Biodiversity itself is a difficult concept. Land plants dominate the global biomass and terrestrial arthropods probably dominate in terms of numbers of species, but most of the Tree of Life consists of single-celled eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. Wild plants provide a huge variety of products and services to people, ranging from those that are species-specific, such as food, medicine, and genetic resources, to many which are partly interchangeable, such as timber and forage for domestic animals, and others which depend on the whole community, but not on individual species, such as regulation of water supply and carbon sequestration. The use of information from remote sensing has encouraged a simplified view of the values of nature's contributions to people, but this does not match the way most people value nature. We can currently estimate the proportion of species threatened by human impacts only for a few well-assessed groups, for which it ranges from 14% (birds) to 63% (cycads). Less than 8% of land plants have been assessed, but it has been estimated that 30-44% are threatened, although there are still few (0.2%) well-documented extinctions. Priorities for improving protection of biodiversity include: improving the inventory, with surveys focused on geographical areas and taxonomic groups which are under-collected; expanding the protected area system and its representativeness; controlling overexploitation; managing invasive species; conserving threatened species ex situ; restoring degraded ecosystems; and controlling climate change. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) COP15 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP26 meetings, both postponed to 2021, will provide an opportunity to address both crises, but success will require high ambition from all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
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27
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Sutherland WJ, Alvarez-Castañeda ST, Amano T, Ambrosini R, Atkinson P, Baxter JM, Bond AL, Boon PJ, Buchanan KL, Barlow J, Bogliani G, Bragg OM, Burgman M, Cadotte MW, Calver M, Cooke SJ, Corlett RT, Devictor V, Ewen JG, Fisher M, Freeman G, Game E, Godley BJ, Gortázar C, Hartley IR, Hawksworth DL, Hobson KA, Lu ML, Martín-López B, Ma K, Machado A, Maes D, Mangiacotti M, McCafferty DJ, Melfi V, Molur S, Moore AJ, Murphy SD, Norris D, van Oudenhoven APE, Powers J, Rees EC, Schwartz MW, Storch I, Wordley C. Ensuring tests of conservation interventions build on existing literature. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:781-783. [PMID: 32779884 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William J Sutherland
- Conservation Evidence, Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | | | - Tatsuya Amano
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Avocetta - Journal of Ornithology, and Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milan, I-20133, Italy
| | - Philip Atkinson
- Bird Conservation International, British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, U.K
| | - John M Baxter
- Aquatic Conservation, School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, East Sands, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, Scotland
| | - Alexander L Bond
- Avian Conservation and Ecology, Natural History Museum at Tring, The Walter Rothschild Building, Akeman St, Tring, HP23 6AP, U.K
| | - Philip J Boon
- Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, The Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry Landing, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 0LP, U.K
| | - Katherine L Buchanan
- Emu - Austral Ornithology, Kate Buchanan School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Jos Barlow
- Journal of Applied Ecology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Bogliani
- Rivista italiana di Ornitologia-Research in Ornithology, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences. University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 9, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Olivia M Bragg
- Mires and Peat, Geography, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, U.K
| | - Mark Burgman
- Conservation Biology, Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College, London Weeks Building, 16-18 Princes Gardens, London, SW7 1NE, U.K
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Ecological Solutions and Evidence, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Michael Calver
- Pacific Conservation Biology, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Conservation Physiology, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Global Ecology and Conservation, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, Kunming, 666303, China
| | - Vincent Devictor
- Biological Conservation, ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - John G Ewen
- Animal Conservation, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - Martin Fisher
- Oryx, Fauna & Flora International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Guy Freeman
- Conservation Land Management, NHBS Ltd, 1-6 The Stables, Ford Road, Totnes, Devon, TQ9 5LE, U.K
| | - Edward Game
- Conservation Letters, The Nature Conservancy, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Endangered Species Research, Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - Christian Gortázar
- European Journal of Wildlife Research, Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - Ian R Hartley
- Bird Study, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - David L Hawksworth
- Biodiversity and Conservation, Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS, U.K
| | - Keith A Hobson
- Avian Conservation and Ecology, Dept. Biology and Environment and Climate Change Canada, University of Western Ontario, Room 2025 BGS Building,1151 Richmond St. N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ming-Lun Lu
- Taiwan Journal of Biodiversity, Division of Management, Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou
| | - Berta Martín-López
- Ecosystems and People, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, 21335, Germany
| | - Keping Ma
- Biodiversity Science, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093
| | - Antonio Machado
- Journal for Nature Conservation, Chopin 1, 38208 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Dirk Maes
- Journal of Insect Conservation, Species Diversity Group, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Mangiacotti
- Acta Herpetologica, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 24, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Dominic J McCafferty
- IBIS, International Journal of Avian Science, British Ornithologists' Union, P.O. Box 417, Peterborough, PE7 3FX, U.K
| | - Victoria Melfi
- Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research, Hartpury University, Gloucester, GL19 3BE, U.K
| | - Sanjay Molur
- Journal of Threatened Taxa, 12 Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Kalapatti-Saravanampatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641035, India
| | - Allen J Moore
- Ecology and Evolution, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, 109 Conner Hall, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Stephen D Murphy
- Restoration Ecology, School of Environment, Resources & Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Darren Norris
- Tropical Conservation Science, School of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Alexander P E van Oudenhoven
- Ecosystems and People, Institute of Environmental Sciences CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Powers
- Biotropica, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A
| | - Eileen C Rees
- Wildfowl, WWT Martin Mere Wetland Centre, Fish Lane, Burscough, Lancashire, L40 0TA, U.K
| | - Mark W Schwartz
- Conservation Science and Practice, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, U.S.A
| | - Ilse Storch
- Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79085, Germany
| | - Claire Wordley
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
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Corlett RT, Primack RB, Devictor V, Maas B, Goswami VR, Bates AE, Koh LP, Regan TJ, Loyola R, Pakeman RJ, Cumming GS, Pidgeon A, Johns D, Roth R. Impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on biodiversity conservation. Biol Conserv 2020; 246:108571. [PMID: 32292203 PMCID: PMC7139249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Richard B Primack
- Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vincent Devictor
- ISEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Bea Maas
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tracey J Regan
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land Water and Planning, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Rafael Loyola
- Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Robin J Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Graeme S Cumming
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Anna Pidgeon
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Johns
- School of Government, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Robin Roth
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
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29
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Sreekar R, Koh LP, Mammides C, Corlett RT, Dayananda S, Goodale UM, Kotagama SW, Goodale E. Drivers of bird beta diversity in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot are scale dependent: roles of land use, climate, and distance. Oecologia 2020; 193:801-809. [PMID: 32447456 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last 50 years, intensive agriculture has replaced large tracts of rainforests. Such changes in land use are driving niche-based ecological processes that determine local community assembly. However, little is known about the relative importance of these anthropogenic niche-based processes, in comparison to climatic niche-based processes and spatial processes such as dispersal limitation. In this study, we use a variation partitioning approach to determine the relative importance of land-use change (ranked value of forest loss), climatic variation (temperature and precipitation), and distance between transects, on bird beta diversity at two different spatial scales within the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. Our results show that the drivers of local community assembly are scale dependent. At the larger spatial scale, distance was more important than climate and land use for bird species composition, suggesting that dispersal limitation over the Palk Strait, which separates the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, is the main driver of local community assembly. At the smaller scale, climate was more important than land use, suggesting the importance of climatic niches. Therefore, to conserve all species in a biodiversity hotspot, it is important to consider geographic barriers and climatic variation along with land-use change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachakonda Sreekar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Christos Mammides
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Salindra Dayananda
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Foundation for Nature Conservation and Preservation, Panadura, 12500, Sri Lanka
| | - Uromi M Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Sarath W Kotagama
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Yu WB, Tang GD, Zhang L, Corlett RT. Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / HCoV-19) using whole genomic data. Zool Res 2020. [PMID: 32351056 DOI: 10.12074/202002.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Up to 29 February 2020, SARS-CoV-2 (HCoV-19 / 2019-nCoV) had infected more than 85 000 people in the world. In this study, we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFlu TM database to investigate the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the first two months of the outbreak. We constructed haplotypes of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, performed phylogenomic analyses and estimated the potential population size changes of the virus. The date of population expansion was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau ( τ) using the formula t= τ/2 u. A total of 120 substitution sites with 119 codons, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions, were found in eight coding-regions in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Forty non-synonymous substitutions are potentially associated with virus adaptation. No combinations were detected. The 58 haplotypes (31 found in samples from China and 31 from outside China) were identified in 93 viral genomes under study and could be classified into five groups. By applying the reported bat coronavirus genome (bat-RaTG13-CoV) as the outgroup, we found that haplotypes H13 and H38 might be considered as ancestral haplotypes, and later H1 was derived from the intermediate haplotype H3. The population size of the SARS-CoV-2 was estimated to have undergone a recent expansion on 06 January 2020, and an early expansion on 08 December 2019. Furthermore, phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific directions of human-to-human transmissions and the potential sources for international infected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China. E-mail:
| | - Guang-Da Tang
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512005, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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Yu WB, Tang GD, Zhang L, Corlett RT. Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / HCoV-19) using whole genomic data. Zool Res 2020; 41:247-257. [PMID: 32351056 PMCID: PMC7231477 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Up to 29 February 2020, SARS-CoV-2 (HCoV-19 / 2019-nCoV) had infected more than 85 000 people in the world. In this study, we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFlu TM database to investigate the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the first two months of the outbreak. We constructed haplotypes of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, performed phylogenomic analyses and estimated the potential population size changes of the virus. The date of population expansion was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau ( τ) using the formula t= τ/2 u. A total of 120 substitution sites with 119 codons, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions, were found in eight coding-regions in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Forty non-synonymous substitutions are potentially associated with virus adaptation. No combinations were detected. The 58 haplotypes (31 found in samples from China and 31 from outside China) were identified in 93 viral genomes under study and could be classified into five groups. By applying the reported bat coronavirus genome (bat-RaTG13-CoV) as the outgroup, we found that haplotypes H13 and H38 might be considered as ancestral haplotypes, and later H1 was derived from the intermediate haplotype H3. The population size of the SARS-CoV-2 was estimated to have undergone a recent expansion on 06 January 2020, and an early expansion on 08 December 2019. Furthermore, phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific directions of human-to-human transmissions and the potential sources for international infected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China. E-mail:
| | - Guang-Da Tang
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512005, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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Corlett RT, Tomlinson KW. Climate Change and Edaphic Specialists: Irresistible Force Meets Immovable Object? Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:367-376. [PMID: 31959419 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Species exposed to anthropogenic climate change can acclimate, adapt, move, or be extirpated. It is often assumed that movement will be the dominant response, with populations tracking their climate envelopes in space, but the numerous species restricted to specialized substrates cannot easily move. In warmer regions of the world, such edaphic specialists appear to have accumulated in situ over millions of years, persisting despite climate change by local movements, plastic responses, and genetic adaptation. However, past climates were usually cooler than today and rates of warming slower, while edaphic islands are now exposed to multiple additional threats, including mining. Modeling studies that ignore edaphic constraints on climate change responses may therefore give misleading results for a significant proportion of all taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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34
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Enquist BJ, Feng X, Boyle B, Maitner B, Newman EA, Jørgensen PM, Roehrdanz PR, Thiers BM, Burger JR, Corlett RT, Couvreur TLP, Dauby G, Donoghue JC, Foden W, Lovett JC, Marquet PA, Merow C, Midgley G, Morueta-Holme N, Neves DM, Oliveira-Filho AT, Kraft NJB, Park DS, Peet RK, Pillet M, Serra-Diaz JM, Sandel B, Schildhauer M, Šímová I, Violle C, Wieringa JJ, Wiser SK, Hannah L, Svenning JC, McGill BJ. The commonness of rarity: Global and future distribution of rarity across land plants. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaz0414. [PMID: 31807712 PMCID: PMC6881168 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A key feature of life's diversity is that some species are common but many more are rare. Nonetheless, at global scales, we do not know what fraction of biodiversity consists of rare species. Here, we present the largest compilation of global plant diversity to quantify the fraction of Earth's plant biodiversity that are rare. A large fraction, ~36.5% of Earth's ~435,000 plant species, are exceedingly rare. Sampling biases and prominent models, such as neutral theory and the k-niche model, cannot account for the observed prevalence of rarity. Our results indicate that (i) climatically more stable regions have harbored rare species and hence a large fraction of Earth's plant species via reduced extinction risk but that (ii) climate change and human land use are now disproportionately impacting rare species. Estimates of global species abundance distributions have important implications for risk assessments and conservation planning in this era of rapid global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Xiao Feng
- Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Brad Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Erica A. Newman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Patrick R. Roehrdanz
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Barbara M. Thiers
- New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10348, USA
| | - Joseph R. Burger
- Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden and Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Gilles Dauby
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Wendy Foden
- Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, Tokai, 7947 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jon C. Lovett
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Pablo A. Marquet
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, CP 8331150 Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global and Centro de Cambio Global UC, Chile
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, CT 06269, USA
| | - Guy Midgley
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Naia Morueta-Holme
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Danilo M. Neves
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ary T. Oliveira-Filho
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathan J. B. Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel S. Park
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
| | - Robert K. Peet
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michiel Pillet
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | - Mark Schildhauer
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | - Irena Šímová
- Centre for Theoretical Study, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Lee Hannah
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brian J. McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Senator George J. Mitchell Center of Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Yao X, Tan YH, Yang JB, Wang Y, Corlett RT, Manen JF. Exceptionally high rates of positive selection on the rbcL gene in the genus Ilex (Aquifoliaceae). BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:192. [PMID: 31638910 PMCID: PMC6805373 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) has a near-cosmopolitan distribution in mesic habitats from tropical to temperate lowlands and in alpine forests. It has a high rate of hybridization and plastid capture, and comprises four geographically structured plastid groups. A previous study showed that the plastid rbcL gene, coding for the large subunit of Rubisco, has a particularly high rate of non-synonymous substitutions in Ilex, when compared with other plant lineages. This suggests a strong positive selection on rbcL, involved in yet unknown adaptations. We therefore investigated positive selection on rbcL in 240 Ilex sequences from across the global range. Results The rbcL gene shows a much higher rate of positive selection in Ilex than in any other plant lineage studied so far (> 3000 species) by tests in both PAML and SLR. Most positively selected residues are on the surface of the folded large subunit, suggesting interaction with other subunits and associated chaperones, and coevolution between positively selected residues is prevalent, indicating compensatory mutations to recover molecular stability. Coevolution between positively selected sites to restore global stability is common. Conclusions This study has confirmed the predicted high incidence of positively selected residues in rbcL in Ilex, and shown that this is higher than in any other plant lineage studied so far. The causes and consequences of this high incidence are unclear, but it is probably associated with the similarly high incidence of hybridization and introgression in Ilex, even between distantly related lineages, resulting in large cytonuclear discordance in the phylogenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China. .,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
| | - Yun-Hong Tan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Jun-Bo Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China. .,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
| | - Jean-François Manen
- Laboratoire de Systématique Végétale et Biodiversité, University of Geneva (retired), Chemin de l'Impératrice 1, CH-1292, Chambésy, Switzerland.
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Chen Z, Corlett RT, Jiao X, Liu SJ, Charles-Dominique T, Zhang S, Li H, Lai R, Long C, Quan RC. Prolonged milk provisioning in a jumping spider. Science 2019; 362:1052-1055. [PMID: 30498127 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lactation is a mammalian attribute, and the few known nonmammal examples have distinctly different modalities. We document here milk provisioning in a jumping spider, which compares functionally and behaviorally to lactation in mammals. The spiderlings ingest nutritious milk droplets secreted from the mother's epigastric furrow until the subadult stage. Milk is indispensable for offspring survival in the early stages and complements their foraging in later stages. Maternal care, as for some long-lived vertebrates, continues after the offspring reach maturity. Furthermore, a female-biased adult sex ratio is acquired only when the mother is present. These findings demonstrate that mammal-like milk provisioning and parental care for sexually mature offspring have also evolved in invertebrates, encouraging a reevaluation of their occurrence across the animal kingdom, especially in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Chen
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Xiaoguo Jiao
- Center for Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Tristan Charles-Dominique
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Shichang Zhang
- Center for Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Huan Li
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengbo Long
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui-Chang Quan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China.
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Chen J, Corlett RT. The Xishuangbanna Declaration on Plant Conservation. Mol Plant 2019; 12:125-126. [PMID: 30641153 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Song Y, Gan Y, Liu L, Corlett RT. The floral transcriptome of Machilus yunnanensis, a tree in the magnoliid family Lauraceae. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 77:456-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sreekar R, Katabuchi M, Nakamura A, Corlett RT, Slik JWF, Fletcher C, He F, Weiblen GD, Shen G, Xu H, Sun IF, Cao K, Ma K, Chang LW, Cao M, Jiang M, Gunatilleke IAUN, Ong P, Yap S, Gunatilleke CVS, Novotny V, Brockelman WY, Xiang W, Mi X, Li X, Wang X, Qiao X, Li Y, Tan S, Condit R, Harrison RD, Koh LP. Spatial scale changes the relationship between beta diversity, species richness and latitude. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:181168. [PMID: 30839691 PMCID: PMC6170539 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between β-diversity and latitude still remains to be a core question in ecology because of the lack of consensus between studies. One hypothesis for the lack of consensus between studies is that spatial scale changes the relationship between latitude and β-diversity. Here, we test this hypothesis using tree data from 15 large-scale forest plots (greater than or equal to 15 ha, diameter at breast height ≥ 1 cm) across a latitudinal gradient (3-30o) in the Asia-Pacific region. We found that the observed β-diversity decreased with increasing latitude when sampling local tree communities at small spatial scale (grain size ≤0.1 ha), but the observed β-diversity did not change with latitude when sampling at large spatial scales (greater than or equal to 0.25 ha). Differences in latitudinal β-diversity gradients across spatial scales were caused by pooled species richness (γ-diversity), which influenced observed β-diversity values at small spatial scales, but not at large spatial scales. Therefore, spatial scale changes the relationship between β-diversity, γ-diversity and latitude, and improving sample representativeness avoids the γ-dependence of β-diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachakonda Sreekar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia,Australia
| | - Masatoshi Katabuchi
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - J. W. Ferry Slik
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Christine Fletcher
- Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor 52109, Malaysia
| | - Fangliang He
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT6G 2G7
| | - George D. Weiblen
- Bell Museum and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Guochun Shen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wan Chang
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Perry Ong
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines
| | - Sandra Yap
- Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Vojtech Novotny
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Science Park, Klongluang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wusheng Xiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiankun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihua Wang
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yide Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Sylvester Tan
- Center for Tropical Forest Science – Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Condit
- Center for Tropical Forest Science – Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Rhett D. Harrison
- Agroforestry Centre, East and Southern Africa Region, 13 Elm Road, Woodlands, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia,Australia
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40
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Pasion BO, Roeder M, Liu J, Yasuda M, Corlett RT, Slik JWF, Tomlinson KW. Trees represent community composition of other plant life-forms, but not their diversity, abundance or responses to fragmentation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11374. [PMID: 30054514 PMCID: PMC6063943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the patterns of plant diversity in tropical forests and their responses to fragmentation are mostly based on tree surveys. But are these patterns and responses representative of other plant life-forms? We sampled trees, lianas, herbs, and ferns in a fragmented tropical forest landscape in South-west China. We compared community types generated by clustering presence-absence data for the non-tree life-forms with those generated for trees. We tested how well measures of tree diversity, density and composition, predicted cognate indices in other life-forms. We compared fragmentation responses, with respect to the three measures, of all four life-forms. Presence-absence data from all life-forms generated three community clusters, with only small differences between classifications, suggesting that tree data identified community types representative of all vascular plant life-forms. Tree species diversity and density indices poorly predicted cognate indices of lianas and ferns, but represented herbs well. However, the slopes of these relationships differed substantially between community types. All life-forms responded to fragmentation variables but their responses did not consistently match with responses of trees. Plot-level tree data can identify vegetation community types, but is poorly representative of the richness and density of other life-forms, and poorly represents forest fragmentation responses for the entire plant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonifacio O Pasion
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mareike Roeder
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mika Yasuda
- Birdlife International Tokyo, 4F TM Suidobashi Bldg., 2-14-6 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - J W Ferry Slik
- Faculty of Science, Environmental and Life Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.
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41
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Beng KC, Corlett RT, Tomlinson KW. Seasonal changes in the diversity and composition of the litter fauna in native forests and rubber plantations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10232. [PMID: 29980785 PMCID: PMC6035245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The litter layer of tropical forests supports a significant fraction of total arthropod diversity and decomposition of this layer is the main pathway by which nutrients are returned to the soil and CO2 to the atmosphere. Conversion of tropical forests to agriculture is the main threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services, and understanding effects on the litter layer is important for understanding and mitigating these impacts. We used high through-put DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to assess seasonal changes in the diversity and composition of the litter fauna at five matched pairs of native forests and rubber plantations in tropical SW China every month for a year, and measured the environmental factors expected to drive intra-annual variation. Forests and rubber had very different arthropod assemblages throughout the year, with forests more species-rich than rubber in all months except February. Very high rates of intra-annual turnover in species composition in both forests and rubber were associated with seasonality in environmental variables, with the influence of particular variables differing among taxa. Tropical arthropods are very sensitive to seasonality and sampling at only one time of the year captures only a subset of the total community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsly C Beng
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
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42
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Song Y, Yu WB, Tan Y, Liu B, Yao X, Jin J, Padmanaba M, Yang JB, Corlett RT. Evolutionary Comparisons of the Chloroplast Genome in Lauraceae and Insights into Loss Events in the Magnoliids. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 9:2354-2364. [PMID: 28957463 PMCID: PMC5610729 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Available plastomes of the Lauraceae show similar structure and varied size, but there has been no systematic comparison across the family. In order to understand the variation in plastome size and structure in the Lauraceae and related families of magnoliids, we here compare 47 plastomes, 15 newly sequenced, from 27 representative genera. We reveal that the two shortest plastomes are in the parasitic Lauraceae genus Cassytha, with lengths of 114,623 (C. filiformis) and 114,963 bp (C. capillaris), and that they have lost NADH dehydrogenase (ndh) genes in the large single-copy region and one entire copy of the inverted repeat (IR) region. The plastomes of the core Lauraceae group, with lengths from 150,749 bp (Nectandra angustifolia) to 152,739 bp (Actinodaphne trichocarpa), have lost trnI-CAU, rpl23, rpl2, a fragment of ycf2, and their intergenic regions in IRb region, whereas the plastomes of the basal Lauraceae group, with lengths from 157,577 bp (Eusideroxylon zwageri) to 158,530 bp (Beilschmiedia tungfangensis), have lost rpl2 in IRa region. The plastomes of Calycanthus (Calycanthaceae, Laurales) have lost rpl2 in IRb region, but the plastome of Caryodaphnopsis henryi (Lauraceae) remain intact, as do those of the nonLaurales magnoliid genera Piper, Liriodendron, and Magnolia. On the basis of our phylogenetic analysis and structural comparisons, different loss events occurred in different lineages of the Laurales, and fragment loss events in the IR regions have largely driven the contraction of the plastome in the Lauraceae. These results provide new insights into the evolution of the Lauraceae as well as the magnoliids as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Wen-Bin Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Yunhong Tan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Jianjun Jin
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Michael Padmanaba
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Jun-Bo Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
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43
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Abstract
The interaction between pollinating wasps and figs is an obligate plant-insect mutualism, and the ca. 750 Ficus species are mainly tropical. Climatic constraints may limit species distributions through their phenology and this seems particularly likely for figs, where phenological mismatches can cause local extinction of the short-lived pollinators. We therefore compared the phenologies of Ficus altissima, F. racemosa and F. semicordata in tropical Xishuangbanna (21°55′N) and subtropical Liuku (25°50′N), SW China, to understand what factors limit fig distributions near their northern limits. All species produced synchronous crops of syconia in Xishuangbanna but production in Liuku was continuous, which may help maintain pollinator populations. However, in general, we found decreased fitness at the northern site: slower syconium development, so fewer crops each year; fewer seeds per syconium (two species); and fewer pollinators and more non-pollinators per syconium, so less pollen is dispersed. This is most easily explained by colder winters, although low humidities may also contribute, and suggests the northern limit is set by temperature constraints on reproductive phenology. If so, the warming predicted for future decades is expected to enhance the fitness of northern populations of figs and, in the longer term, allow them to shift their range limits northwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chen
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, 655011, China.,Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Yanqiong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.
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44
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Yu WB, Randle CP, Lu L, Wang H, Yang JB, dePamphilis CW, Corlett RT, Li DZ. The Hemiparasitic Plant Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae) Is Polyphyletic and Contains Cryptic Species in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:142. [PMID: 29479366 PMCID: PMC5812252 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phtheirospermum (Orobanchaceae), a hemiparasitic genus of Eastern Asia, is characterized by having long and viscous glandular hairs on stems and leaves. Despite this unifying character, previous phylogenetic analyses indicate that Phtheirospermum is polyphyletic, with Phtheirospermum japonicum allied with tribe Pedicularideae and members of the Ph. tenuisectum complex allied with members of tribe Rhinantheae. However, no analyses to date have included broad phylogenetic sampling necessary to test the monophyly of Phtheirospermum species, and to place these species into the existing subfamiliar taxonomic organization of Orobanchaceae. Two other genera of uncertain phylogenetic placement are Brandisia and Pterygiella, also both of Eastern Asia. In this study, broadly sampled phylogenetic analyses of nrITS and plastid DNA revealed hard incongruence between these datasets in the placement of Brandisia. However, both nrITS and the plastid datasets supported the placement of Ph. japonicum within tribe Pedicularideae, and a separate clade consisting of the Ph. tenuisectum complex and a monophyletic Pterygiella. Analyses were largely in agreement that Pterygiella, the Ptheirospermum complex, and Xizangia form a clade not nested within any of the monophyletic tribes of Orobanchaceae recognized to date. Ph. japonicum, a model species for parasitic plant research, is widely distributed in Eastern Asia. Despite this broad distribution, both nrITS and plastid DNA regions from a wide sampling of this species showed high genetic identity, suggesting that the wide species range is likely due to a recent population expansion. The Ph. tenuisectum complex is mainly distributed in the Hengduan Mountains region. Two cryptic species were identified by both phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. Relationships among species of the Ph. tenuisectum complex and Pterygiella remain uncertain. Estimated divergence ages of the Ph. tenuisectum complex corresponding to the last two uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at around 8.0-7.0 Mya and 3.6-1.5 Mya indicated that the development of a hot-dry valley climate during these uplifts may have driven species diversification in the Ph. tenuisectum complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (CAS), Mengla, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Myanmar
| | - Christopher P. Randle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Bo Yang
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Claude W. dePamphilis
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (CAS), Mengla, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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45
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Sreekar R, Corlett RT, Dayananda S, Goodale UM, Kilpatrick A, Kotagama SW, Koh LP, Goodale E. Horizontal and vertical species turnover in tropical birds in habitats with differing land use. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2017.0186. [PMID: 28539462 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large tracts of tropical rainforests are being converted into intensive agricultural lands. Such anthropogenic disturbances are known to reduce species turnover across horizontal distances. But it is not known if they can also reduce species turnover across vertical distances (elevation), which have steeper climatic differences. We measured turnover in birds across horizontal and vertical sampling transects in three land-use types of Sri Lanka: protected forest, reserve buffer and intensive-agriculture, from 90 to 2100 m a.s.l. Bird turnover rates across horizontal distances were similar across all habitats, and much less than vertical turnover rates. Vertical turnover rates were not similar across habitats. Forest had higher turnover rates than the other two habitats for all bird species. Buffer and intensive-agriculture had similar turnover rates, even though buffer habitats were situated at the forest edge. Therefore, our results demonstrate the crucial importance of conserving primary forest across the full elevational range available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachakonda Sreekar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Salindra Dayananda
- Foundation for Nature Conservation and Preservation, Panadura 12500, Sri Lanka.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation (under state evaluation status), College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Uromi Manage Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation (under state evaluation status), College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Adam Kilpatrick
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Sarath W Kotagama
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka, Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation (under state evaluation status), College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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46
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47
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Scheffers BR, De Meester L, Bridge TCL, Hoffmann AA, Pandolfi JM, Corlett RT, Butchart SHM, Pearce-Kelly P, Kovacs KM, Dudgeon D, Pacifici M, Rondinini C, Foden WB, Martin TG, Mora C, Bickford D, Watson JEM. The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people. Science 2017; 354:354/6313/aaf7671. [PMID: 27846577 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf7671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most ecological processes now show responses to anthropogenic climate change. In terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, species are changing genetically, physiologically, morphologically, and phenologically and are shifting their distributions, which affects food webs and results in new interactions. Disruptions scale from the gene to the ecosystem and have documented consequences for people, including unpredictable fisheries and crop yields, loss of genetic diversity in wild crop varieties, and increasing impacts of pests and diseases. In addition to the more easily observed changes, such as shifts in flowering phenology, we argue that many hidden dynamics, such as genetic changes, are also taking place. Understanding shifts in ecological processes can guide human adaptation strategies. In addition to reducing greenhouse gases, climate action and policy must therefore focus equally on strategies that safeguard biodiversity and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, USA.
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. De Beriotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom C L Bridge
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.,Queensland Museum, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John M Pandolfi
- School of Biological Sciences and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Stuart H M Butchart
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | - Kit M Kovacs
- Norwegian Polar Institute, FRAM Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - David Dudgeon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michela Pacifici
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale dell'Università 32, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale dell'Università 32, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Wendy B Foden
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tara G Martin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Camilo Mora
- Department of Geography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - David Bickford
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - James E M Watson
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan Province 666303 China
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan Province 666303 China
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Ripple WJ, Chapron G, López-Bao JV, Durant SM, Macdonald DW, Lindsey PA, Bennett EL, Beschta RL, Bruskotter JT, Campos-Arceiz A, Corlett RT, Darimont CT, Dickman AJ, Dirzo R, Dublin HT, Estes JA, Everatt KT, Galetti M, Goswami VR, Hayward MW, Hedges S, Hoffmann M, Hunter LTB, Kerley GIH, Letnic M, Levi T, Maisels F, Morrison JC, Nelson MP, Newsome TM, Painter L, Pringle RM, Sandom CJ, Terborgh J, Treves A, Van Valkenburgh B, Vucetich JA, Wirsing AJ, Wallach AD, Wolf C, Woodroffe R, Young H, Zhang L. Conserving the World's Megafauna and Biodiversity: The Fierce Urgency of Now. Bioscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yao X, Liu YY, Tan YH, Song Y, Corlett RT. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Helwingia himalaica (Helwingiaceae, Aquifoliales) and a chloroplast phylogenomic analysis of the Campanulidae. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2734. [PMID: 27917320 PMCID: PMC5131622 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete chloroplast genome sequences have been very useful for understanding phylogenetic relationships in angiosperms at the family level and above, but there are currently large gaps in coverage. We report the chloroplast genome for Helwingia himalaica, the first in the distinctive family Helwingiaceae and only the second genus to be sequenced in the order Aquifoliales. We then combine this with 36 published sequences in the large (c. 35,000 species) subclass Campanulidae in order to investigate relationships at the order and family levels. The Helwingia genome consists of 158,362 bp containing a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,996 bp separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region and a small single-copy (SSC) region which are 87,810 and 18,560 bp, respectively. There are 142 known genes, including 94 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 40 tRNA genes. The topology of the phylogenetic relationships between Apiales, Asterales, and Dipsacales differed between analyses based on complete genome sequences and on 36 shared protein-coding genes, showing that further studies of campanulid phylogeny are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dai and Southern medicine of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinghong, Yunnan , China
| | - Yun-Hong Tan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xishuangbanna, Yunnan , China
| | - Yu Song
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xishuangbanna, Yunnan , China
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