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Gonçalves‐Souza T, Milz B, Sanders NJ, Reich PB, Maitner B, Chaves LS, Boldorini GX, Ferreira N, Gusmão RAF, Perônico PB, Teresa FB, Umaña MN. ZooTraits: An R shiny app for exploring animal trait data for ecological and evolutionary research. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11334. [PMID: 38694759 PMCID: PMC11056955 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal trait data are scattered across several datasets, making it challenging to compile and compare trait information across different groups. For plants, the TRY database has been an unwavering success for those ecologists interested in addressing how plant traits influence a wide variety of processes and patterns, but the same is not true for most animal taxonomic groups. Here, we introduce ZooTraits, a Shiny app designed to help users explore and obtain animal trait data for research in ecology and evolution. ZooTraits was developed to tackle the challenge of finding in a single site information of multiple trait datasets and facilitating access to traits by providing an easy-to-use, open-source platform. This app combines datasets centralized in the Open Trait Network, raw data from the AnimalTraits database, and trait information for animals compiled by Gonçalves-Souza et al. (2023, Ecology and Evolution 13, e10016). Importantly, the ZooTraits app can be accessed freely and provides a user-friendly interface through three functionalities that will allow users to easily visualize, compare, download, and upload trait data across the animal tree of life-ExploreTrait, FeedTrait, and GetTrait. By using ExploreTrait and GetTrait, users can explore, compare, and extract 3954 trait records from 23,394 species centralized in the Open Traits Network, and trait data for ~2000 species from the AnimalTraits database. The app summarizes trait information for numerous taxonomic groups within the Animal Kingdom, encompassing data from diverse aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and various geographic regions worldwide. Moreover, ZooTraits enables researchers to upload trait information, serving as a hub for a continually expanding global trait database. By promoting the centralization of trait datasets and offering a platform for data sharing, ZooTraits is facilitating advancements in trait-based ecological and evolutionary studies. We hope that other trait databases will evolve to mirror the approach we have outlined here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Departmento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | - Beatriz Milz
- Pós‐graduação em Ciência Ambiental, Instituto de Energia e AmbienteUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Nathan J. Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of GeographyUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Leonardo S. Chaves
- Comparative BioCognition, Institute of Cognitive ScienceUniversity of OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany
| | - Gabriel X. Boldorini
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Departmento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | - Natália Ferreira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade, Departmento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | - Reginaldo A. F. Gusmão
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Departmento de BiologiaUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | - Phamela Bernardes Perônico
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Recursos Naturais do CerradoUniversidade Estadual de GoiásAnápolisBrazil
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia AquáticaUniversidade Estadual de GoiásAnápolisBrazil
| | - Fabrício B. Teresa
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Recursos Naturais do CerradoUniversidade Estadual de GoiásAnápolisBrazil
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia AquáticaUniversidade Estadual de GoiásAnápolisBrazil
| | - María Natalia Umaña
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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2
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Boonman CCF, Serra-Diaz JM, Hoeks S, Guo WY, Enquist BJ, Maitner B, Malhi Y, Merow C, Buitenwerf R, Svenning JC. More than 17,000 tree species are at risk from rapid global change. Nat Commun 2024; 15:166. [PMID: 38167693 PMCID: PMC10761716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Trees are pivotal to global biodiversity and nature's contributions to people, yet accelerating global changes threaten global tree diversity, making accurate species extinction risk assessments necessary. To identify species that require expert-based re-evaluation, we assess exposure to change in six anthropogenic threats over the last two decades for 32,090 tree species. We estimated that over half (54.2%) of the assessed species have been exposed to increasing threats. Only 8.7% of these species are considered threatened by the IUCN Red List, whereas they include more than half of the Data Deficient species (57.8%). These findings suggest a substantial underestimation of threats and associated extinction risk for tree species in current assessments. We also map hotspots of tree species exposed to rapidly changing threats around the world. Our data-driven approach can strengthen the efforts going into expert-based IUCN Red List assessments by facilitating prioritization among species for re-evaluation, allowing for more efficient conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline C F Boonman
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Josep M Serra-Diaz
- Department of Ecology and Evolution and Eversource Energy Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Selwyn Hoeks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, England, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolution and Eversource Energy Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Robert Buitenwerf
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Maitner B, Gallagher R, Svenning JC, Tietje M, Wenk EH, Eiserhardt WL. A global assessment of the Raunkiaeran shortfall in plants: geographic biases in our knowledge of plant traits. New Phytol 2023; 240:1345-1354. [PMID: 37369249 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the Special Collection ‘Global plant diversity and distribution’. See https://www.newphytologist.org/global-plant-diversity for more details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Maitner
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, 125a Wilkeson Quadrangle, Buffalo, NY, 14261, USA
| | - Rachael Gallagher
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Department of Biology, Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Melanie Tietje
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth H Wenk
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Wolf L Eiserhardt
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, Surrey, UK
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4
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Cutts V, Hanz DM, Barajas-Barbosa MP, Schrodt F, Steinbauer MJ, Beierkuhnlein C, Denelle P, Fernández-Palacios JM, Gaüzère P, Grenié M, Irl SDH, Kraft N, Kreft H, Maitner B, Munoz F, Thuiller W, Violle C, Weigelt P, Field R, Algar AC. Links to rare climates do not translate into distinct traits for island endemics. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:504-515. [PMID: 36740842 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current models of island biogeography treat endemic and non-endemic species as if they were functionally equivalent, focussing primarily on species richness. Thus, the functional composition of island biotas in relation to island biogeographical variables remains largely unknown. Using plant trait data (plant height, leaf area and flower length) for 895 native species in the Canary Islands, we related functional trait distinctiveness and climate rarity for endemic and non-endemic species and island ages. Endemics showed a link to climatically rare conditions that is consistent with island geological change through time. However, functional trait distinctiveness did not differ between endemics and non-endemics and remained constant with island age. Thus, there is no obvious link between trait distinctiveness and occupancy of rare climates, at least for the traits measured here, suggesting that treating endemic and non-endemic species as functionally equivalent in island biogeography is not fundamentally wrong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cutts
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dagmar M Hanz
- Biogeography & Biodiversity Lab, Institute of Physical Geography, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martha Paola Barajas-Barbosa
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Manuel J Steinbauer
- Sport Ecology, Bayreuth Center for Sport Science (BaySpo) & Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Department of Biogeography, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Pierre Denelle
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - José María Fernández-Palacios
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Pierre Gaüzère
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Matthias Grenié
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Severin D H Irl
- Biogeography & Biodiversity Lab, Institute of Physical Geography, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathan Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Richard Field
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Adam C Algar
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Slingsby JA, Wilson AM, Maitner B, Moncrieff GR. Regional ecological forecasting across scales: A manifesto for a biodiversity hotspot. Methods Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper A. Slingsby
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Cape Town South Africa
| | - Adam M. Wilson
- Department of Geography, Department of Environment and Sustainability University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Geography, Department of Environment and Sustainability University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
| | - Glenn R. Moncrieff
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Cape Town South Africa
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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6
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Keller A, Ankenbrand MJ, Bruelheide H, Dekeyzer S, Enquist BJ, Erfanian MB, Falster DS, Gallagher RV, Hammock J, Kattge J, Leonhardt SD, Madin JS, Maitner B, Neyret M, Onstein RE, Pearse WD, Poelen JH, Salguero‐Gomez R, Schneider FD, Tóth AB, Penone C. Ten (mostly) simple rules to future‐proof trait data in ecological and evolutionary sciences. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Keller
- Cellular and Organismic Networks, Faculty of Biology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Martinsried Germany
| | - Markus J. Ankenbrand
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
- The Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe New Mexico USA
| | | | - Daniel S. Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Rachael V. Gallagher
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales Australia
| | - Jennifer Hammock
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany
| | - Sara D. Leonhardt
- Plant‐Insect Interactions, TUM School of Life Science Systems Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Joshua S. Madin
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai'i at Manoa Kāne'ohe Hawai'i USA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Geography University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Department of Environment and Sustainability University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
| | - Margot Neyret
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (SBik‐F) Frankfurt Germany
| | - Renske E. Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Jorrit H. Poelen
- Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship Montclair New Jersey USA
- Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration, UC Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | | | - Florian D. Schneider
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (SBik‐F) Frankfurt Germany
- ISOE ‐ Institute for Social‐Ecological Research Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Anikó B. Tóth
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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7
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Pillet M, Goettsch B, Merow C, Maitner B, Feng X, Roehrdanz PR, Enquist BJ. Elevated extinction risk of cacti under climate change. Nat Plants 2022; 8:366-372. [PMID: 35422081 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cactaceae (cacti), a New World plant family, is one of the most endangered groups of organisms on the planet. Conservation planning is uncertain as it is unclear whether climate and land-use change will positively or negatively impact global cactus diversity. On the one hand, a common perception is that future climates will be favourable to cacti as they have multiple adaptations and specialized physiologies and morphologies for increased heat and drought. On the other hand, the wide diversity of the more than 1,500 cactus species, many of which occur in more mesic and cooler ecosystems, questions the view that most cacti can tolerate warmer and drought conditions. Here we assess the hypothesis that cacti will benefit and expand in potential distribution in a warmer and more drought-prone world. We quantified exposure to climate change through range forecasts and associated diversity maps for 408 cactus species under three Representative Concentration Pathways (2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) for 2050 and 2070. Our analyses show that 60% of species will experience a reduction in favourable climate, with about a quarter of species exposed to environmental conditions outside of the current realized niche in over 25% of their current distribution. These results show low sensitivity to many uncertainties in forecasting, mostly deriving from dispersal ability and model complexity rather than climate scenarios. While current range size and the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List category were not statistically significant predictors of predicted future changes in suitable climate area, epiphytes had the greatest exposure to novel climates. Overall, the number of cactus species at risk is projected to increase sharply in the future, especially in current richness hotspots. Land-use change has previously been identified as the second-most-common driver of threat among cacti, affecting many of the ~31% of cacti that are currently threatened. Our results suggest that climate change will become a primary driver of cactus extinction risk with 60-90% of species assessed negatively impacted by climate change and/or other anthropogenic processes, depending on how these threat processes are distributed across cactus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Pillet
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Species Survival Commission, Cactus and Succulent Plants Specialist Group, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Barbara Goettsch
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Species Survival Commission, Cactus and Succulent Plants Specialist Group, Cambridge, UK
- The Biodiversity Consultancy Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cory Merow
- Eversource Energy Center and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Eversource Energy Center and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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8
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Jung M, Arnell A, de Lamo X, García-Rangel S, Lewis M, Mark J, Merow C, Miles L, Ondo I, Pironon S, Ravilious C, Rivers M, Schepaschenko D, Tallowin O, van Soesbergen A, Govaerts R, Boyle BL, Enquist BJ, Feng X, Gallagher R, Maitner B, Meiri S, Mulligan M, Ofer G, Roll U, Hanson JO, Jetz W, Di Marco M, McGowan J, Rinnan DS, Sachs JD, Lesiv M, Adams VM, Andrew SC, Burger JR, Hannah L, Marquet PA, McCarthy JK, Morueta-Holme N, Newman EA, Park DS, Roehrdanz PR, Svenning JC, Violle C, Wieringa JJ, Wynne G, Fritz S, Strassburg BBN, Obersteiner M, Kapos V, Burgess N, Schmidt-Traub G, Visconti P. Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon and water. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1499-1509. [PMID: 34429536 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To meet the ambitious objectives of biodiversity and climate conventions, the international community requires clarity on how these objectives can be operationalized spatially and how multiple targets can be pursued concurrently. To support goal setting and the implementation of international strategies and action plans, spatial guidance is needed to identify which land areas have the potential to generate the greatest synergies between conserving biodiversity and nature's contributions to people. Here we present results from a joint optimization that minimizes the number of threatened species, maximizes carbon retention and water quality regulation, and ranks terrestrial conservation priorities globally. We found that selecting the top-ranked 30% and 50% of terrestrial land area would conserve respectively 60.7% and 85.3% of the estimated total carbon stock and 66% and 89.8% of all clean water, in addition to meeting conservation targets for 57.9% and 79% of all species considered. Our data and prioritization further suggest that adequately conserving all species considered (vertebrates and plants) would require giving conservation attention to ~70% of the terrestrial land surface. If priority was given to biodiversity only, managing 30% of optimally located land area for conservation may be sufficient to meet conservation targets for 81.3% of the terrestrial plant and vertebrate species considered. Our results provide a global assessment of where land could be optimally managed for conservation. We discuss how such a spatial prioritization framework can support the implementation of the biodiversity and climate conventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jung
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Andy Arnell
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Xavier de Lamo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matthew Lewis
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Mark
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Lera Miles
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Ondo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | | | - Corinna Ravilious
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Malin Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmondy, UK
| | - Dmitry Schepaschenko
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Oliver Tallowin
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnout van Soesbergen
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Bradley L Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Rachael Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark Mulligan
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gali Ofer
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Roll
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Jeffrey O Hanson
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - D Scott Rinnan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Myroslava Lesiv
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Vanessa M Adams
- School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Samuel C Andrew
- CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lee Hannah
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Cambio Global UC, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.,Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Valparaíso (ISCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Naia Morueta-Holme
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erica A Newman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel S Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Patrick R Roehrdanz
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Steffen Fritz
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduacão em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Botanical Garden Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Environmental Change Institute, Centre for the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Valerie Kapos
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Burgess
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Piero Visconti
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
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9
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Jung M, Arnell A, de Lamo X, García-Rangel S, Lewis M, Mark J, Merow C, Miles L, Ondo I, Pironon S, Ravilious C, Rivers M, Schepaschenko D, Tallowin O, van Soesbergen A, Govaerts R, Boyle BL, Enquist BJ, Feng X, Gallagher R, Maitner B, Meiri S, Mulligan M, Ofer G, Roll U, Hanson JO, Jetz W, Di Marco M, McGowan J, Rinnan DS, Sachs JD, Lesiv M, Adams VM, Andrew SC, Burger JR, Hannah L, Marquet PA, McCarthy JK, Morueta-Holme N, Newman EA, Park DS, Roehrdanz PR, Svenning JC, Violle C, Wieringa JJ, Wynne G, Fritz S, Strassburg BBN, Obersteiner M, Kapos V, Burgess N, Schmidt-Traub G, Visconti P. Author Correction: Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon and water. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1557. [PMID: 34556831 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jung
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Andy Arnell
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Xavier de Lamo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matthew Lewis
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Mark
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Lera Miles
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Ondo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | | | - Corinna Ravilious
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Malin Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmondy, UK
| | - Dmitry Schepaschenko
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Oliver Tallowin
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnout van Soesbergen
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Bradley L Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Rachael Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark Mulligan
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gali Ofer
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Roll
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Jeffrey O Hanson
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - D Scott Rinnan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Myroslava Lesiv
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Vanessa M Adams
- School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Samuel C Andrew
- CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lee Hannah
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Cambio Global UC, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.,Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Valparaíso (ISCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Naia Morueta-Holme
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erica A Newman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel S Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Patrick R Roehrdanz
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Steffen Fritz
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduacão em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Botanical Garden Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Environmental Change Institute, Centre for the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Valerie Kapos
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Burgess
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Piero Visconti
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
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10
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Feng X, Merow C, Liu Z, Park DS, Roehrdanz PR, Maitner B, Newman EA, Boyle BL, Lien A, Burger JR, Pires MM, Brando PM, Bush MB, McMichael CNH, Neves DM, Nikolopoulos EI, Saleska SR, Hannah L, Breshears DD, Evans TP, Soto JR, Ernst KC, Enquist BJ. How deregulation, drought and increasing fire impact Amazonian biodiversity. Nature 2021; 597:516-521. [PMID: 34471291 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity contributes to the ecological and climatic stability of the Amazon Basin1,2, but is increasingly threatened by deforestation and fire3,4. Here we quantify these impacts over the past two decades using remote-sensing estimates of fire and deforestation and comprehensive range estimates of 11,514 plant species and 3,079 vertebrate species in the Amazon. Deforestation has led to large amounts of habitat loss, and fires further exacerbate this already substantial impact on Amazonian biodiversity. Since 2001, 103,079-189,755 km2 of Amazon rainforest has been impacted by fires, potentially impacting the ranges of 77.3-85.2% of species that are listed as threatened in this region5. The impacts of fire on the ranges of species in Amazonia could be as high as 64%, and greater impacts are typically associated with species that have restricted ranges. We find close associations between forest policy, fire-impacted forest area and their potential impacts on biodiversity. In Brazil, forest policies that were initiated in the mid-2000s corresponded to reduced rates of burning. However, relaxed enforcement of these policies in 2019 has seemingly begun to reverse this trend: approximately 4,253-10,343 km2 of forest has been impacted by fire, leading to some of the most severe potential impacts on biodiversity since 2009. These results highlight the critical role of policy enforcement in the preservation of biodiversity in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - Cory Merow
- Eversource Energy Center and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Daniel S Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Patrick R Roehrdanz
- The Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Eversource Energy Center and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Erica A Newman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Arizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brad L Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Hardner & Gullison Associates, Amherst, NH, USA
| | - Aaron Lien
- Arizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Arizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mathias M Pires
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Brando
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA.,Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mark B Bush
- Insitute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Crystal N H McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danilo M Neves
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Efthymios I Nikolopoulos
- Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lee Hannah
- The Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - David D Breshears
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tom P Evans
- School of Geography, Development and Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - José R Soto
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kacey C Ernst
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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11
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Mouillot D, Loiseau N, Grenié M, Algar AC, Allegra M, Cadotte MW, Casajus N, Denelle P, Guéguen M, Maire A, Maitner B, McGill BJ, McLean M, Mouquet N, Munoz F, Thuiller W, Villéger S, Violle C, Auber A. The dimensionality and structure of species trait spaces. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1988-2009. [PMID: 34015168 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Trait-based ecology aims to understand the processes that generate the overarching diversity of organismal traits and their influence on ecosystem functioning. Achieving this goal requires simplifying this complexity in synthetic axes defining a trait space and to cluster species based on their traits while identifying those with unique combinations of traits. However, so far, we know little about the dimensionality, the robustness to trait omission and the structure of these trait spaces. Here, we propose a unified framework and a synthesis across 30 trait datasets representing a broad variety of taxa, ecosystems and spatial scales to show that a common trade-off between trait space quality and operationality appears between three and six dimensions. The robustness to trait omission is generally low but highly variable among datasets. We also highlight invariant scaling relationships, whatever organismal complexity, between the number of clusters, the number of species in the dominant cluster and the number of unique species with total species richness. When species richness increases, the number of unique species saturates, whereas species tend to disproportionately pack in the richest cluster. Based on these results, we propose some rules of thumb to build species trait spaces and estimate subsequent functional diversity indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mouillot
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthias Grenié
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive-UMR 5175 CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, University of Paul Valéry, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Adam C Algar
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Michele Allegra
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7289, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Denelle
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maya Guéguen
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Anthony Maire
- EDF R&D, LNHE (Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement), Chatou, France
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, USA
| | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Matthew McLean
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France.,FRB-CESAB, Institut Bouisson Bertrand, Montpellier, France
| | - François Munoz
- LiPhy (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Villéger
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive-UMR 5175 CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, University of Paul Valéry, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Auber
- IFREMER, Unité Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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12
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Kemppinen J, Niittynen P, le Roux PC, Momberg M, Happonen K, Aalto J, Rautakoski H, Enquist BJ, Vandvik V, Halbritter AH, Maitner B, Luoto M. Consistent trait-environment relationships within and across tundra plant communities. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:458-467. [PMID: 33633373 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental assumption in trait-based ecology is that relationships between traits and environmental conditions are globally consistent. We use field-quantified microclimate and soil data to explore if trait-environment relationships are generalizable across plant communities and spatial scales. We collected data from 6,720 plots and 217 species across four distinct tundra regions from both hemispheres. We combined these data with over 76,000 database trait records to relate local plant community trait composition to broad gradients of key environmental drivers: soil moisture, soil temperature, soil pH and potential solar radiation. Results revealed strong, consistent trait-environment relationships across Arctic and Antarctic regions. This indicates that the detected relationships are transferable between tundra plant communities also when fine-scale environmental heterogeneity is accounted for, and that variation in local conditions heavily influences both structural and leaf economic traits. Our results strengthen the biological and mechanistic basis for climate change impact predictions of vulnerable high-latitude ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mia Momberg
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Juha Aalto
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Enquist BJ, Feng X, Boyle B, Maitner B, Newman EA, Jørgensen PM, Roehrdanz PR, Thiers BM, Burger JR, Corlett RT, Couvreur TLP, Dauby G, Donoghue JC, Foden W, Lovett JC, Marquet PA, Merow C, Midgley G, Morueta-Holme N, Neves DM, Oliveira-Filho AT, Kraft NJB, Park DS, Peet RK, Pillet M, Serra-Diaz JM, Sandel B, Schildhauer M, Šímová I, Violle C, Wieringa JJ, Wiser SK, Hannah L, Svenning JC, McGill BJ. The commonness of rarity: Global and future distribution of rarity across land plants. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaz0414. [PMID: 31807712 PMCID: PMC6881168 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A key feature of life's diversity is that some species are common but many more are rare. Nonetheless, at global scales, we do not know what fraction of biodiversity consists of rare species. Here, we present the largest compilation of global plant diversity to quantify the fraction of Earth's plant biodiversity that are rare. A large fraction, ~36.5% of Earth's ~435,000 plant species, are exceedingly rare. Sampling biases and prominent models, such as neutral theory and the k-niche model, cannot account for the observed prevalence of rarity. Our results indicate that (i) climatically more stable regions have harbored rare species and hence a large fraction of Earth's plant species via reduced extinction risk but that (ii) climate change and human land use are now disproportionately impacting rare species. Estimates of global species abundance distributions have important implications for risk assessments and conservation planning in this era of rapid global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Xiao Feng
- Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Brad Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Erica A. Newman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Patrick R. Roehrdanz
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Barbara M. Thiers
- New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10348, USA
| | - Joseph R. Burger
- Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden and Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Gilles Dauby
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Wendy Foden
- Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, Tokai, 7947 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jon C. Lovett
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Pablo A. Marquet
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, CP 8331150 Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global and Centro de Cambio Global UC, Chile
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, CT 06269, USA
| | - Guy Midgley
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Naia Morueta-Holme
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Danilo M. Neves
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ary T. Oliveira-Filho
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathan J. B. Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel S. Park
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
| | - Robert K. Peet
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michiel Pillet
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | - Mark Schildhauer
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | - Irena Šímová
- Centre for Theoretical Study, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Lee Hannah
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brian J. McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Senator George J. Mitchell Center of Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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14
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Blonder B, Morrow CB, Maitner B, Harris DJ, Lamanna C, Violle C, Enquist BJ, Kerkhoff AJ. New approaches for delineating
n
‐dimensional hypervolumes. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Blonder
- Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - David J. Harris
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | | | - Cyrille Violle
- CNRS CEFE UMR 5175 Paul Valéry University of Montpellier – EPHE Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
- The Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe NM USA
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