1
|
Zuntini AR, Carruthers T, Maurin O, Bailey PC, Leempoel K, Brewer GE, Epitawalage N, Françoso E, Gallego-Paramo B, McGinnie C, Negrão R, Roy SR, Simpson L, Toledo Romero E, Barber VMA, Botigué L, Clarkson JJ, Cowan RS, Dodsworth S, Johnson MG, Kim JT, Pokorny L, Wickett NJ, Antar GM, DeBolt L, Gutierrez K, Hendriks KP, Hoewener A, Hu AQ, Joyce EM, Kikuchi IABS, Larridon I, Larson DA, de Lírio EJ, Liu JX, Malakasi P, Przelomska NAS, Shah T, Viruel J, Allnutt TR, Ameka GK, Andrew RL, Appelhans MS, Arista M, Ariza MJ, Arroyo J, Arthan W, Bachelier JB, Bailey CD, Barnes HF, Barrett MD, Barrett RL, Bayer RJ, Bayly MJ, Biffin E, Biggs N, Birch JL, Bogarín D, Borosova R, Bowles AMC, Boyce PC, Bramley GLC, Briggs M, Broadhurst L, Brown GK, Bruhl JJ, Bruneau A, Buerki S, Burns E, Byrne M, Cable S, Calladine A, Callmander MW, Cano Á, Cantrill DJ, Cardinal-McTeague WM, Carlsen MM, Carruthers AJA, de Castro Mateo A, Chase MW, Chatrou LW, Cheek M, Chen S, Christenhusz MJM, Christin PA, Clements MA, Coffey SC, Conran JG, Cornejo X, Couvreur TLP, Cowie ID, Csiba L, Darbyshire I, Davidse G, Davies NMJ, Davis AP, van Dijk KJ, Downie SR, Duretto MF, Duvall MR, Edwards SL, Eggli U, Erkens RHJ, Escudero M, de la Estrella M, Fabriani F, Fay MF, Ferreira PDL, Ficinski SZ, Fowler RM, Frisby S, Fu L, Fulcher T, Galbany-Casals M, Gardner EM, German DA, Giaretta A, Gibernau M, Gillespie LJ, González CC, Goyder DJ, Graham SW, Grall A, Green L, Gunn BF, Gutiérrez DG, Hackel J, Haevermans T, Haigh A, Hall JC, Hall T, Harrison MJ, Hatt SA, Hidalgo O, Hodkinson TR, Holmes GD, Hopkins HCF, Jackson CJ, James SA, Jobson RW, Kadereit G, Kahandawala IM, Kainulainen K, Kato M, Kellogg EA, King GJ, Klejevskaja B, Klitgaard BB, Klopper RR, Knapp S, Koch MA, Leebens-Mack JH, Lens F, Leon CJ, Léveillé-Bourret É, Lewis GP, Li DZ, Li L, Liede-Schumann S, Livshultz T, Lorence D, Lu M, Lu-Irving P, Luber J, Lucas EJ, Luján M, Lum M, Macfarlane TD, Magdalena C, Mansano VF, Masters LE, Mayo SJ, McColl K, McDonnell AJ, McDougall AE, McLay TGB, McPherson H, Meneses RI, Merckx VSFT, Michelangeli FA, Mitchell JD, Monro AK, Moore MJ, Mueller TL, Mummenhoff K, Munzinger J, Muriel P, Murphy DJ, Nargar K, Nauheimer L, Nge FJ, Nyffeler R, Orejuela A, Ortiz EM, Palazzesi L, Peixoto AL, Pell SK, Pellicer J, Penneys DS, Perez-Escobar OA, Persson C, Pignal M, Pillon Y, Pirani JR, Plunkett GM, Powell RF, Prance GT, Puglisi C, Qin M, Rabeler RK, Rees PEJ, Renner M, Roalson EH, Rodda M, Rogers ZS, Rokni S, Rutishauser R, de Salas MF, Schaefer H, Schley RJ, Schmidt-Lebuhn A, Shapcott A, Al-Shehbaz I, Shepherd KA, Simmons MP, Simões AO, Simões ARG, Siros M, Smidt EC, Smith JF, Snow N, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Soreng RJ, Sothers CA, Starr JR, Stevens PF, Straub SCK, Struwe L, Taylor JM, Telford IRH, Thornhill AH, Tooth I, Trias-Blasi A, Udovicic F, Utteridge TMA, Del Valle JC, Verboom GA, Vonow HP, Vorontsova MS, de Vos JM, Al-Wattar N, Waycott M, Welker CAD, White AJ, Wieringa JJ, Williamson LT, Wilson TC, Wong SY, Woods LA, Woods R, Worboys S, Xanthos M, Yang Y, Zhang YX, Zhou MY, Zmarzty S, Zuloaga FO, Antonelli A, Bellot S, Crayn DM, Grace OM, Kersey PJ, Leitch IJ, Sauquet H, Smith SA, Eiserhardt WL, Forest F, Baker WJ. Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07324-0. [PMID: 38658746 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Angiosperms are the cornerstone of most terrestrial ecosystems and human livelihoods1,2. A robust understanding of angiosperm evolution is required to explain their rise to ecological dominance. So far, the angiosperm tree of life has been determined primarily by means of analyses of the plastid genome3,4. Many studies have drawn on this foundational work, such as classification and first insights into angiosperm diversification since their Mesozoic origins5-7. However, the limited and biased sampling of both taxa and genomes undermines confidence in the tree and its implications. Here, we build the tree of life for almost 8,000 (about 60%) angiosperm genera using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes8. This 15-fold increase in genus-level sampling relative to comparable nuclear studies9 provides a critical test of earlier results and brings notable change to key groups, especially in rosids, while substantiating many previously predicted relationships. Scaling this tree to time using 200 fossils, we discovered that early angiosperm evolution was characterized by high gene tree conflict and explosive diversification, giving rise to more than 80% of extant angiosperm orders. Steady diversification ensued through the remaining Mesozoic Era until rates resurged in the Cenozoic Era, concurrent with decreasing global temperatures and tightly linked with gene tree conflict. Taken together, our extensive sampling combined with advanced phylogenomic methods shows the deep history and full complexity in the evolution of a megadiverse clade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elaine Françoso
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Lalita Simpson
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Laura Botigué
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Steven Dodsworth
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | | | - Jan T Kim
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Lisa Pokorny
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Norman J Wickett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Guilherme M Antar
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kasper P Hendriks
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Hoewener
- Plant Biodiversity, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ai-Qun Hu
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Joyce
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
- Systematic, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Izai A B S Kikuchi
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Drew A Larson
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elton John de Lírio
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | | | - Natalia A S Przelomska
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Toral Shah
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | | | | | - Gabriel K Ameka
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rose L Andrew
- Botany and N.C.W. Beadle Herbarium, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc S Appelhans
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Montserrat Arista
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Jesús Ariza
- General Research Services, Herbario SEV, CITIUS, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Arroyo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - C Donovan Bailey
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Helen F Barnes
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew D Barrett
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Russell L Barrett
- National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Randall J Bayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael J Bayly
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ed Biffin
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Joanne L Birch
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diego Bogarín
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Peter C Boyce
- Centro Studi Erbario Tropicale, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Linda Broadhurst
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Gillian K Brown
- Queensland Herbarium and Biodiversity Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeremy J Bruhl
- Botany and N.C.W. Beadle Herbarium, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sven Buerki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Edie Burns
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Government of Western Australia, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ainsley Calladine
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ángela Cano
- Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Warren M Cardinal-McTeague
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Alejandra de Castro Mateo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Mark W Chase
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maarten J M Christenhusz
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Plant Gateway, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal-Antoine Christin
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark A Clements
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Skye C Coffey
- Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Government of Western Australia, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John G Conran
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xavier Cornejo
- Herbario GUAY, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Ian D Cowie
- Northern Territory Herbarium Department of Environment Parks & Water Security, Northern Territory Government, Palmerston, Northern Territory, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kor-Jent van Dijk
- The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen R Downie
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Marco F Duretto
- National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melvin R Duvall
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | | | - Urs Eggli
- Sukkulenten-Sammlung Zürich/ Grün Stadt Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roy H J Erkens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Science Programme, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- System Earth Science, Maastricht University, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Marcial Escudero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel de la Estrella
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Paola de L Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rachael M Fowler
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Frisby
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Lin Fu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Mercè Galbany-Casals
- Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB)-Associated Unit to CSIC by IBB, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elliot M Gardner
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Augusto Giaretta
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Marc Gibernau
- Laboratoire Sciences Pour l'Environnement, Université de Corse, Ajaccio, France
| | | | - Cynthia C González
- Herbario Trelew, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Argentina
| | | | - Sean W Graham
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Bee F Gunn
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diego G Gutiérrez
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jan Hackel
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Department of Biology, Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haevermans
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Anna Haigh
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Jocelyn C Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tony Hall
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Melissa J Harrison
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Oriane Hidalgo
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor R Hodkinson
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gareth D Holmes
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Shelley A James
- Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Government of Western Australia, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard W Jobson
- National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gudrun Kadereit
- Prinzessin Therese von Bayern-Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Botanische Staatssammlung München, Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Masahiro Kato
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Ronell R Klopper
- Foundational Biodiversity Science Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Marcus A Koch
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lan Li
- CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Tatyana Livshultz
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Academy of Natural Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Lorence
- National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, HI, USA
| | - Meng Lu
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Patricia Lu-Irving
- National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaquelini Luber
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mabel Lum
- Bioplatforms Australia Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Terry D Macfarlane
- Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Government of Western Australia, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Vidal F Mansano
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kristina McColl
- National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela J McDonnell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Saint Cloud State University, Saint Cloud, MN, USA
| | - Andrew E McDougall
- The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Todd G B McLay
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah McPherson
- National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosa I Meneses
- Instituto de Arqueología y Antropología, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Taryn L Mueller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Klaus Mummenhoff
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jérôme Munzinger
- AMAP Lab, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Priscilla Muriel
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katharina Nargar
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Lars Nauheimer
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Francis J Nge
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Reto Nyffeler
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrés Orejuela
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Grupo de Investigación en Recursos Naturales Amazónicos, Instituto Tecnológico del Putumayo, Mocoa, Colombia
| | - Edgardo M Ortiz
- Plant Biodiversity, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Luis Palazzesi
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariane Luna Peixoto
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jaume Pellicer
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darin S Penneys
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | | | - Claes Persson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Pignal
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Yohan Pillon
- LSTM Université Montpellier, CIRADIRD, Montpellier, France
| | - José R Pirani
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Puglisi
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ming Qin
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard K Rabeler
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Matthew Renner
- National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric H Roalson
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Michele Rodda
- National Parks Board, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Saba Rokni
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Rolf Rutishauser
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Miguel F de Salas
- Tasmanian Herbarium, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hanno Schaefer
- Plant Biodiversity, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Schmidt-Lebuhn
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Alison Shapcott
- School of Science Technology and Engineering, Center for Bioinnovation, University Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Kelly A Shepherd
- Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Government of Western Australia, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark P Simmons
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - André O Simões
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Siros
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric C Smidt
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - James F Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Neil Snow
- Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Julian R Starr
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian R H Telford
- Botany and N.C.W. Beadle Herbarium, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew H Thornhill
- Botany and N.C.W. Beadle Herbarium, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ifeanna Tooth
- National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Frank Udovicic
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jose C Del Valle
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - G Anthony Verboom
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen P Vonow
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Jurriaan M de Vos
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Michelle Waycott
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cassiano A D Welker
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Adam J White
- Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Luis T Williamson
- The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Trevor C Wilson
- National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sin Yeng Wong
- Institute of Biodiversity And Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Lisa A Woods
- National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Stuart Worboys
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Ya Yang
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Meng-Yuan Zhou
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | | | | | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Darren M Crayn
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olwen M Grace
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Hervé Sauquet
- National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen A Smith
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wolf L Eiserhardt
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - William J Baker
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK.
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan SY, Yang Q, Li SP, Fristoe TS, Cadotte MW, Essl F, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Kartesz J, Nishino M, Wieringa JJ, van Kleunen M. A latitudinal gradient in Darwin's naturalization conundrum at the global scale for flowering plants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6244. [PMID: 37828007 PMCID: PMC10570376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Darwin's naturalization conundrum describes two seemingly contradictory hypotheses regarding whether alien species closely or distantly related to native species should be more likely to naturalize in regional floras. Both expectations have accumulated empirical support, and whether such apparent inconsistency can be reconciled at the global scale is unclear. Here, using 219,520 native and 9,531 naturalized alien plant species across 487 globally distributed regions, we found a latitudinal gradient in Darwin's naturalization conundrum. Naturalized alien plant species are more closely related to native species at higher latitudes than they are at lower latitudes, indicating a greater influence of preadaptation in harsher climates. Human landscape modification resulted in even steeper latitudinal clines by selecting aliens distantly related to natives in warmer and drier regions. Our results demonstrate that joint consideration of climatic and anthropogenic conditions is critical to reconciling Darwin's naturalization conundrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ya Fan
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Trevor S Fristoe
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras, San Juan, 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Bioinvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - John Kartesz
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, 27516, NC, USA
| | - Misako Nishino
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, 27516, NC, USA
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dagallier LPMJ, Mbago FM, Couderc M, Gaudeul M, Grall A, Loup C, Wieringa JJ, Sonké B, Couvreur TLP. Phylogenomic inference of the African tribe Monodoreae (Annonaceae) and taxonomic revision of Dennettia, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis. PhytoKeys 2023; 233:1-200. [PMID: 37811332 PMCID: PMC10552675 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.233.103096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Monodoreae (Annonaceae) is a tribe composed of 11 genera and 90 species restricted to the tropical African rain forests. All the genera are taxonomically well circumscribed except the species rich genera Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis which lack a recent taxonomic revision. Here, we used a robust phylogenomic approach, including all the 90 currently accepted species, with several specimens per species, and based on more than 300 Annonaceae-specific nuclear genes, to infer the phylogenetic tree of the Monodoreae and test the limits between the genera and species. We recover all the genera as monophyletic, except the genus Uvariopsis for which the species Uvariopsistripetala falls outside this clade. We thus reinstate the monotypic genus Dennettia for its single species Dennettiatripetala. We also erect a new tribe, Ophrypetaleae trib. nov., to accommodate the genera Ophrypetalum and Sanrafaelia, as we recover them excluded from the Monodoreae tribe with good support. Below the genus level, the genera Isolona, Monodora, Uvariastrum, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis show weakly supported nodes and phylogenetic conflicts, suggesting that population level processes of evolution might occur in these clades. Our results also support, at the molecular level, the description of several new species of Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis, as well as several new synonymies. Finally, we present a taxonomic revision of the genera Dennettia, Uvariodendron and Uvariopsis, which contain one, 18 and 17 species respectively. We provide a key to the 11 genera of the Monodoraeae and describe four new species to science: Uvariodendronkimbozaense Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., Uvariodendronmossambicense Robson ex Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., Uvariodendronpilosicarpum Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov. and Uvariopsisoligocarpa Dagallier & Couvreur, sp. nov., and provide provisional descriptions of three putatively new species. We also present lectotypifications and nomenclatural changes implying synonymies and new combinations (Uvariodendroncitriodorum (Le Thomas) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., Uvariodendronfuscumvar.magnificum (Verdc.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., Uvariopsiscongensisvar.angustifolia Dagallier & Couvreur, var. nov., Uvariopsisguineensisvar.globiflora (Keay) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov., and Uvariopsissolheidiivar.letestui (Pellegr.) Dagallier & Couvreur, comb. et stat. nov.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léo-Paul M. J. Dagallier
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, USA
| | - Frank M. Mbago
- The Herbarium, Botany Department, Box 35060, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Marie Couderc
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Gaudeul
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Aurélie Grall
- Herbaria Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Caroline Loup
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Herbier MPU, DCSPH – CC 99010, Université de Montpellier, 163 rue A. Broussonnet, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai L, Kreft H, Taylor A, Denelle P, Schrader J, Essl F, van Kleunen M, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Stein A, Winter M, Barcelona JF, Fuentes N, Karger DN, Kartesz J, Kuprijanov A, Nishino M, Nickrent D, Nowak A, Patzelt A, Pelser PB, Singh P, Wieringa JJ, Weigelt P. Global models and predictions of plant diversity based on advanced machine learning techniques. New Phytol 2023; 237:1432-1445. [PMID: 36375492 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the paramount role of plant diversity for ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical cycles, and human welfare, knowledge of its global distribution is still incomplete, hampering basic research and biodiversity conservation. Here, we used machine learning (random forests, extreme gradient boosting, and neural networks) and conventional statistical methods (generalized linear models and generalized additive models) to test environment-related hypotheses of broad-scale vascular plant diversity gradients and to model and predict species richness and phylogenetic richness worldwide. To this end, we used 830 regional plant inventories including c. 300 000 species and predictors of past and present environmental conditions. Machine learning showed a superior performance, explaining up to 80.9% of species richness and 83.3% of phylogenetic richness, illustrating the great potential of such techniques for disentangling complex and interacting associations between the environment and plant diversity. Current climate and environmental heterogeneity emerged as the primary drivers, while past environmental conditions left only small but detectable imprints on plant diversity. Finally, we combined predictions from multiple modeling techniques (ensemble predictions) to reveal global patterns and centers of plant diversity at multiple resolutions down to 7774 km2 . Our predictive maps provide accurate estimates of global plant diversity available at grain sizes relevant for conservation and macroecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Cai
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amanda Taylor
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Denelle
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julian Schrader
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Franz Essl
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, 318000, Taizhou, China
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anke Stein
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julie F Barcelona
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8140, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicol Fuentes
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dirk Nikolaus Karger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - John Kartesz
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | | | - Misako Nishino
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Daniel Nickrent
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Nowak
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-728, Olsztyn, Poland
- PAS Botanical Garden, 02-973, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Annette Patzelt
- Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, University of Applied Sciences, Vegetation Ecology, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Pieter B Pelser
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8140, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 CR, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Albani Rocchetti G, Carta A, Mondoni A, Godefroid S, Davis CC, Caneva G, Albrecht MA, Alvarado K, Bijmoer R, Borosova R, Bräuchler C, Breman E, Briggs M, Buord S, Cave LH, Da Silva NG, Davey AH, Davies RM, Dickie JB, Fabillo M, Fleischmann A, Franks A, Hall G, Kantvilas G, Klak C, Liu U, Medina L, Reinhammar LG, Sebola RJ, Schönberger I, Sweeney P, Voglmayr H, White A, Wieringa JJ, Zippel E, Abeli T. Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nat Plants 2022; 8:1385-1393. [PMID: 36536014 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Resurrecting extinct species is a fascinating and challenging idea for scientists and the general public. Whereas some theoretical progress has been made for animals, the resurrection of extinct plants (de-extinction sensu lato) is a relatively recently discussed topic. In this context, the term 'de-extinction' is used sensu lato to refer to the resurrection of 'extinct in the wild' species from seeds or tissues preserved in herbaria, as we acknowledge the current impossibility of knowing a priori whether a herbarium seed is alive and can germinate. In plants, this could be achieved by germinating or in vitro tissue-culturing old diaspores such as seeds or spores available in herbarium specimens. This paper reports the first list of plant de-extinction candidates based on the actual availability of seeds in herbarium specimens of globally extinct plants. We reviewed globally extinct seed plants using online resources and additional literature on national red lists, resulting in a list of 361 extinct taxa. We then proposed a method of prioritizing candidates for seed-plant de-extinction from diaspores found in herbarium specimens and complemented this with a phylogenetic approach to identify species that may maximize evolutionarily distinct features. Finally, combining data on seed storage behaviour and longevity, as well as specimen age in the novel 'best de-extinction candidate' score (DEXSCO), we identified 556 herbarium specimens belonging to 161 extinct species with available seeds. We expect that this list of de-extinction candidates and the novel approach to rank them will boost research efforts towards the first-ever plant de-extinction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Mondoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sandrine Godefroid
- Research Department, Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
- Service général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique, Fédération Wallonie, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Biogeochemistry, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles C Davis
- Department of Organismic Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Caneva
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthew A Albrecht
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karla Alvarado
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Roxali Bijmoer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Botany Section, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Elinor Breman
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst; Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, UK
| | | | - Stephane Buord
- Conservatoire botanique national de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Nílber Gonçalves Da Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rachael M Davies
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Seed and Lab-Based Collections, Sussex, UK
| | - John B Dickie
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Seed and Lab-Based Collections, Sussex, UK
| | - Melodina Fabillo
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens Mt Coot-tha, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Fleischmann
- Botanische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-BSM), and GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew Franks
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens Mt Coot-tha, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Hall
- Centre sur la biodiversité de l'Université de Montréal (CITES CA-035), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gintaras Kantvilas
- Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Cornelia Klak
- Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Udayangani Liu
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, West Sussex, England, UK
| | | | | | - Ramagwai J Sebola
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; WITS, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ines Schönberger
- Allan Herbarium, Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hermann Voglmayr
- Department for Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adam White
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Botany Section, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Zippel
- Dahlem Seed Bank, Botanical Garden and Botanic Museum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Abeli
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Lutio R, Park JY, Watson KA, D'Aronco S, Wegner JD, Wieringa JJ, Tulig M, Pyle RL, Gallaher TJ, Brown G, Guymer G, Franks A, Ranatunga D, Baba Y, Belongie SJ, Michelangeli FA, Ambrose BA, Little DP. The Herbarium 2021 Half-Earth Challenge Dataset and Machine Learning Competition. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:787127. [PMID: 35178056 PMCID: PMC8846375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herbarium sheets present a unique view of the world's botanical history, evolution, and biodiversity. This makes them an all-important data source for botanical research. With the increased digitization of herbaria worldwide and advances in the domain of fine-grained visual classification which can facilitate automatic identification of herbarium specimen images, there are many opportunities for supporting and expanding research in this field. However, existing datasets are either too small, or not diverse enough, in terms of represented taxa, geographic distribution, and imaging protocols. Furthermore, aggregating datasets is difficult as taxa are recognized under a multitude of names and must be aligned to a common reference. We introduce the Herbarium 2021 Half-Earth dataset: the largest and most diverse dataset of herbarium specimen images, to date, for automatic taxon recognition. We also present the results of the Herbarium 2021 Half-Earth challenge, a competition that was part of the Eighth Workshop on Fine-Grained Visual Categorization (FGVC8) and hosted by Kaggle to encourage the development of models to automatically identify taxa from herbarium sheet images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo de Lutio
- EcoVision Lab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Y. Park
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Stefano D'Aronco
- EcoVision Lab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan D. Wegner
- EcoVision Lab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Gillian Brown
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, QLD, Australia
| | - Gordon Guymer
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Franks
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, QLD, Australia
| | - Dhahara Ranatunga
- Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yumiko Baba
- Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Serge J. Belongie
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, and Pioneer Centre for AI, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang Q, Weigelt P, Fristoe TS, Zhang Z, Kreft H, Stein A, Seebens H, Dawson W, Essl F, König C, Lenzner B, Pergl J, Pouteau R, Pyšek P, Winter M, Ebel AL, Fuentes N, Giehl ELH, Kartesz J, Krestov P, Kukk T, Nishino M, Kupriyanov A, Villaseñor JL, Wieringa JJ, Zeddam A, Zykova E, van Kleunen M. The global loss of floristic uniqueness. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7290. [PMID: 34911960 PMCID: PMC8674287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional species assemblages have been shaped by colonization, speciation and extinction over millions of years. Humans have altered biogeography by introducing species to new ranges. However, an analysis of how strongly naturalized plant species (i.e. alien plants that have established self-sustaining populations) affect the taxonomic and phylogenetic uniqueness of regional floras globally is still missing. Here, we present such an analysis with data from native and naturalized alien floras in 658 regions around the world. We find strong taxonomic and phylogenetic floristic homogenization overall, and that the natural decline in floristic similarity with increasing geographic distance is weakened by naturalized species. Floristic homogenization increases with climatic similarity, which emphasizes the importance of climate matching in plant naturalization. Moreover, floristic homogenization is greater between regions with current or past administrative relationships, indicating that being part of the same country as well as historical colonial ties facilitate floristic exchange, most likely due to more intensive trade and transport between such regions. Our findings show that naturalization of alien plants threatens taxonomic and phylogenetic uniqueness of regional floras globally. Unless more effective biosecurity measures are implemented, it is likely that with ongoing globalization, even the most distant regions will lose their floristic uniqueness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Trevor S. Fristoe
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Stein
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hanno Seebens
- grid.507705.0Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian König
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Ecology and Macroecology group, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- grid.424923.a0000 0001 2035 1455Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Pouteau
- grid.4399.70000000122879528AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Petr Pyšek
- grid.424923.a0000 0001 2035 1455Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marten Winter
- grid.421064.50000 0004 7470 3956German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aleksandr L. Ebel
- grid.77602.340000 0001 1088 3909Department of Botany, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia ,grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nicol Fuentes
- grid.5380.e0000 0001 2298 9663Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanograficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo L. H. Giehl
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - John Kartesz
- Biota of North America Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Pavel Krestov
- grid.417808.20000 0001 1393 1398Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Toomas Kukk
- grid.16697.3f0000 0001 0671 1127Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Andrey Kupriyanov
- grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Institute of Human Ecology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Jose Luis Villaseñor
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- grid.425948.60000 0001 2159 802XNaturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abida Zeddam
- Ingenieur en Ecologie vegetale, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Elena Zykova
- grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany ,grid.440657.40000 0004 1762 5832Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jung M, Arnell A, de Lamo X, García-Rangel S, Lewis M, Mark J, Merow C, Miles L, Ondo I, Pironon S, Ravilious C, Rivers M, Schepaschenko D, Tallowin O, van Soesbergen A, Govaerts R, Boyle BL, Enquist BJ, Feng X, Gallagher R, Maitner B, Meiri S, Mulligan M, Ofer G, Roll U, Hanson JO, Jetz W, Di Marco M, McGowan J, Rinnan DS, Sachs JD, Lesiv M, Adams VM, Andrew SC, Burger JR, Hannah L, Marquet PA, McCarthy JK, Morueta-Holme N, Newman EA, Park DS, Roehrdanz PR, Svenning JC, Violle C, Wieringa JJ, Wynne G, Fritz S, Strassburg BBN, Obersteiner M, Kapos V, Burgess N, Schmidt-Traub G, Visconti P. Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon and water. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1499-1509. [PMID: 34429536 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To meet the ambitious objectives of biodiversity and climate conventions, the international community requires clarity on how these objectives can be operationalized spatially and how multiple targets can be pursued concurrently. To support goal setting and the implementation of international strategies and action plans, spatial guidance is needed to identify which land areas have the potential to generate the greatest synergies between conserving biodiversity and nature's contributions to people. Here we present results from a joint optimization that minimizes the number of threatened species, maximizes carbon retention and water quality regulation, and ranks terrestrial conservation priorities globally. We found that selecting the top-ranked 30% and 50% of terrestrial land area would conserve respectively 60.7% and 85.3% of the estimated total carbon stock and 66% and 89.8% of all clean water, in addition to meeting conservation targets for 57.9% and 79% of all species considered. Our data and prioritization further suggest that adequately conserving all species considered (vertebrates and plants) would require giving conservation attention to ~70% of the terrestrial land surface. If priority was given to biodiversity only, managing 30% of optimally located land area for conservation may be sufficient to meet conservation targets for 81.3% of the terrestrial plant and vertebrate species considered. Our results provide a global assessment of where land could be optimally managed for conservation. We discuss how such a spatial prioritization framework can support the implementation of the biodiversity and climate conventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jung
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Andy Arnell
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Xavier de Lamo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matthew Lewis
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Mark
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Lera Miles
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Ondo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | | | - Corinna Ravilious
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Malin Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmondy, UK
| | - Dmitry Schepaschenko
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Oliver Tallowin
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnout van Soesbergen
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Bradley L Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Rachael Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark Mulligan
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gali Ofer
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Roll
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Jeffrey O Hanson
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - D Scott Rinnan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Myroslava Lesiv
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Vanessa M Adams
- School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Samuel C Andrew
- CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lee Hannah
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Cambio Global UC, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.,Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Valparaíso (ISCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Naia Morueta-Holme
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erica A Newman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel S Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Patrick R Roehrdanz
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Steffen Fritz
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduacão em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Botanical Garden Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Environmental Change Institute, Centre for the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Valerie Kapos
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Burgess
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Piero Visconti
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jung M, Arnell A, de Lamo X, García-Rangel S, Lewis M, Mark J, Merow C, Miles L, Ondo I, Pironon S, Ravilious C, Rivers M, Schepaschenko D, Tallowin O, van Soesbergen A, Govaerts R, Boyle BL, Enquist BJ, Feng X, Gallagher R, Maitner B, Meiri S, Mulligan M, Ofer G, Roll U, Hanson JO, Jetz W, Di Marco M, McGowan J, Rinnan DS, Sachs JD, Lesiv M, Adams VM, Andrew SC, Burger JR, Hannah L, Marquet PA, McCarthy JK, Morueta-Holme N, Newman EA, Park DS, Roehrdanz PR, Svenning JC, Violle C, Wieringa JJ, Wynne G, Fritz S, Strassburg BBN, Obersteiner M, Kapos V, Burgess N, Schmidt-Traub G, Visconti P. Author Correction: Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon and water. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1557. [PMID: 34556831 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jung
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Andy Arnell
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Xavier de Lamo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matthew Lewis
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Mark
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Lera Miles
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Ondo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | | | - Corinna Ravilious
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Malin Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmondy, UK
| | - Dmitry Schepaschenko
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Oliver Tallowin
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnout van Soesbergen
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Bradley L Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Rachael Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark Mulligan
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gali Ofer
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Roll
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Jeffrey O Hanson
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - D Scott Rinnan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Myroslava Lesiv
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Vanessa M Adams
- School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Samuel C Andrew
- CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lee Hannah
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Pablo A Marquet
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Cambio Global UC, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.,Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Valparaíso (ISCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Naia Morueta-Holme
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erica A Newman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel S Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Patrick R Roehrdanz
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Steffen Fritz
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduacão em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Botanical Garden Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.,Environmental Change Institute, Centre for the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Valerie Kapos
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Burgess
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Piero Visconti
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program (BNR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cvetković T, Areces-Berazain F, Hinsinger DD, Thomas DC, Wieringa JJ, Ganesan SK, Strijk JS. Phylogenomics resolves deep subfamilial relationships in Malvaceae s.l. G3 (Bethesda) 2021; 11:6248091. [PMID: 33892500 PMCID: PMC8496235 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malvaceae s.l., the most diverse family within Malvales, includes well-known species of great economic importance like cotton, cacao, and durian. Despite numerous phylogenetic analyses employing multiple markers, relationships between several of its nine subfamilies, particularly within the largest lineage /Malvadendrina, remain unclear. In this study, we attempted to resolve the relationships within the major clades of Malvaceae s.l. using plastid genomes of 48 accessions representing all subfamilies. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses recovered a fully resolved and well-supported topology confirming the split of the family into /Byttneriina (/Grewioideae +/Byttnerioideae) and /Malvadendrina. Within /Malvadendrina, /Helicteroideae occupied the earliest branching position, followed by /Sterculioideae, /Brownlowioideae, /Tiliodeae, and /Dombeyoideae formed a clade sister to /Malvatheca (/Malvoideae +/Bombacoideae), a grouping morphologically supported by the lack of androgynophore. Results from dating analyses suggest that all subfamilies originated during hot or warm phases in the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene. This study presents a well-supported phylogenetic framework for Malvaceae s.l. that will aid downstream revisions and evolutionary studies of this economically important plant family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Cvetković
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Biodiversity Genomics Team, Guangxi University, Daxuedonglu 100, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Fabiola Areces-Berazain
- Alliance for Conservation Tree Genomics, Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, PO Box 959, 06000 Luang Prabang, Laos.,Herbarium UPRRP, Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan PR 00925-2537, United States of America
| | - Damien D Hinsinger
- Alliance for Conservation Tree Genomics, Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, PO Box 959, 06000 Luang Prabang, Laos.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux (EPGV), 91000 Evry, France
| | - Daniel C Thomas
- National Parks Board, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Santhana K Ganesan
- National Parks Board, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Joeri S Strijk
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Alliance for Conservation Tree Genomics, Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, PO Box 959, 06000 Luang Prabang, Laos.,Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Couvreur TL, Dauby G, Blach‐Overgaard A, Deblauwe V, Dessein S, Droissart V, Hardy OJ, Harris DJ, Janssens SB, Ley AC, Mackinder BA, Sonké B, Sosef MS, Stévart T, Svenning J, Wieringa JJ, Faye A, Missoup AD, Tolley KA, Nicolas V, Ntie S, Fluteau F, Robin C, Guillocheau F, Barboni D, Sepulchre P. Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:16-51. [PMID: 32924323 PMCID: PMC7821006 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems. Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution and diversification of this biodiversity. During the last two decades, around 90 dated molecular phylogenies of different clades across animals and plants have been published leading to an increased understanding of the diversification and speciation processes generating tropical African biodiversity. In parallel, extended geological and palaeoclimatic records together with detailed numerical simulations have refined our understanding of past geological and climatic changes in Africa. To date, these important advances have not been reviewed within a common framework. Here, we critically review and synthesize African climate, tectonics and terrestrial biodiversity evolution throughout the Cenozoic to the mid-Pleistocene, drawing on recent advances in Earth and life sciences. We first review six major geo-climatic periods defining tropical African biodiversity diversification by synthesizing 89 dated molecular phylogeny studies. Two major geo-climatic factors impacting the diversification of the sub-Saharan biota are highlighted. First, Africa underwent numerous climatic fluctuations at ancient and more recent timescales, with tectonic, greenhouse gas, and orbital forcing stimulating diversification. Second, increased aridification since the Late Eocene led to important extinction events, but also provided unique diversification opportunities shaping the current tropical African biodiversity landscape. We then review diversification studies of tropical terrestrial animal and plant clades and discuss three major models of speciation: (i) geographic speciation via vicariance (allopatry); (ii) ecological speciation impacted by climate and geological changes, and (iii) genomic speciation via genome duplication. Geographic speciation has been the most widely documented to date and is a common speciation model across tropical Africa. We conclude with four important challenges faced by tropical African biodiversity research: (i) to increase knowledge by gathering basic and fundamental biodiversity information; (ii) to improve modelling of African geophysical evolution throughout the Cenozoic via better constraints and downscaling approaches; (iii) to increase the precision of phylogenetic reconstruction and molecular dating of tropical African clades by using next generation sequencing approaches together with better fossil calibrations; (iv) finally, as done here, to integrate data better from Earth and life sciences by focusing on the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of tropical African biodiversity in a wider geodiversity context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Dauby
- AMAP Lab, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire d'évolution Biologique et Ecologie, Faculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de BruxellesCP160/12, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50Brussels1050Belgium
| | - Anne Blach‐Overgaard
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus CDK‐8000Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus CDK‐8000Denmark
| | - Vincent Deblauwe
- Center for Tropical Research (CTR), Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCA90095U.S.A.
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)YaoundéCameroon
| | | | - Vincent Droissart
- AMAP Lab, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et d'Écologie, École Normale SupérieureUniversité de Yaoundé IPO Box 047YaoundéCameroon
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique AfricaineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBoulevard du TriompheBrusselsB‐1050Belgium
- Africa & Madagascar DepartmentMissouri Botanical GardenSt. LouisMOU.S.A.
| | - Oliver J. Hardy
- Laboratoire d'évolution Biologique et Ecologie, Faculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de BruxellesCP160/12, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50Brussels1050Belgium
| | - David J. Harris
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh20A Inverleith RowEdinburghU.K.
| | | | - Alexandra C. Ley
- Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer GartenUniversity Halle‐WittenbergNeuwerk 21Halle06108Germany
| | | | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et d'Écologie, École Normale SupérieureUniversité de Yaoundé IPO Box 047YaoundéCameroon
| | | | - Tariq Stévart
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique AfricaineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBoulevard du TriompheBrusselsB‐1050Belgium
- Africa & Madagascar DepartmentMissouri Botanical GardenSt. LouisMOU.S.A.
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus CDK‐8000Denmark
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of BiologyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114Aarhus CDK‐8000Denmark
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterDarwinweg 2Leiden2333 CRThe Netherlands
| | - Adama Faye
- Laboratoire National de Recherches sur les Productions Végétales (LNRPV)Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA)Route des Hydrocarbures, Bel Air BP 1386‐ CP18524DakarSenegal
| | - Alain D. Missoup
- Zoology Unit, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaPO Box 24157DoualaCameroon
| | - Krystal A. Tolley
- South African National Biodiversity InstituteKirstenbosch Research CentrePrivate Bag X7, ClaremontCape Town7735South Africa
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 3Wits2050South Africa
| | - Violaine Nicolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHEUniversité des AntillesCP51, 57 rue CuvierParis75005France
| | - Stéphan Ntie
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des SciencesUniversité des Sciences et Techniques de MasukuFrancevilleBP 941Gabon
| | - Frédiéric Fluteau
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRSUniversité de ParisParisF‐75005France
| | - Cécile Robin
- CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR6118University of RennesRennes35042France
| | | | - Doris Barboni
- CEREGE, Aix‐Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRA, Technopole Arbois MéditerranéeBP80Aix‐en‐Provence cedex413545France
| | - Pierre Sepulchre
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteF‐91191France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abrouk M, Ahmed HI, Cubry P, Šimoníková D, Cauet S, Pailles Y, Bettgenhaeuser J, Gapa L, Scarcelli N, Couderc M, Zekraoui L, Kathiresan N, Čížková J, Hřibová E, Doležel J, Arribat S, Bergès H, Wieringa JJ, Gueye M, Kane NA, Leclerc C, Causse S, Vancoppenolle S, Billot C, Wicker T, Vigouroux Y, Barnaud A, Krattinger SG. Fonio millet genome unlocks African orphan crop diversity for agriculture in a changing climate. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4488. [PMID: 32901040 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.11.037671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable food production in the context of climate change necessitates diversification of agriculture and a more efficient utilization of plant genetic resources. Fonio millet (Digitaria exilis) is an orphan African cereal crop with a great potential for dryland agriculture. Here, we establish high-quality genomic resources to facilitate fonio improvement through molecular breeding. These include a chromosome-scale reference assembly and deep re-sequencing of 183 cultivated and wild Digitaria accessions, enabling insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and domestication. Fonio diversity is shaped by climatic, geographic, and ethnolinguistic factors. Two genes associated with seed size and shattering showed signatures of selection. Most known domestication genes from other cereal models however have not experienced strong selection in fonio, providing direct targets to rapidly improve this crop for agriculture in hot and dry environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Abrouk
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin Ibrahim Ahmed
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Denisa Šimoníková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Yveline Pailles
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Bettgenhaeuser
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liubov Gapa
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Nagarajan Kathiresan
- Supercomputing Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jana Čížková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hřibová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hélène Bergès
- CNRGV Plant Genomics Center, INRAE, Toulouse, France
- Inari Agriculture, One Kendall Square Building 600/700, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Mathieu Gueye
- Laboratoire de Botanique, Département de Botanique et Géologie, IFAN Ch. A. Diop/UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ndjido A Kane
- Senegalese Agricultural Research Institute, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International LAPSE, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Christian Leclerc
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Causse
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Vancoppenolle
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Billot
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Adeline Barnaud
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratoire Mixte International LAPSE, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Simon G Krattinger
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abrouk M, Ahmed HI, Cubry P, Šimoníková D, Cauet S, Pailles Y, Bettgenhaeuser J, Gapa L, Scarcelli N, Couderc M, Zekraoui L, Kathiresan N, Čížková J, Hřibová E, Doležel J, Arribat S, Bergès H, Wieringa JJ, Gueye M, Kane NA, Leclerc C, Causse S, Vancoppenolle S, Billot C, Wicker T, Vigouroux Y, Barnaud A, Krattinger SG. Fonio millet genome unlocks African orphan crop diversity for agriculture in a changing climate. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4488. [PMID: 32901040 PMCID: PMC7479619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable food production in the context of climate change necessitates diversification of agriculture and a more efficient utilization of plant genetic resources. Fonio millet (Digitaria exilis) is an orphan African cereal crop with a great potential for dryland agriculture. Here, we establish high-quality genomic resources to facilitate fonio improvement through molecular breeding. These include a chromosome-scale reference assembly and deep re-sequencing of 183 cultivated and wild Digitaria accessions, enabling insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and domestication. Fonio diversity is shaped by climatic, geographic, and ethnolinguistic factors. Two genes associated with seed size and shattering showed signatures of selection. Most known domestication genes from other cereal models however have not experienced strong selection in fonio, providing direct targets to rapidly improve this crop for agriculture in hot and dry environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Abrouk
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin Ibrahim Ahmed
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Denisa Šimoníková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Yveline Pailles
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Bettgenhaeuser
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liubov Gapa
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Nagarajan Kathiresan
- Supercomputing Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jana Čížková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hřibová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hélène Bergès
- CNRGV Plant Genomics Center, INRAE, Toulouse, France
- Inari Agriculture, One Kendall Square Building 600/700, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Mathieu Gueye
- Laboratoire de Botanique, Département de Botanique et Géologie, IFAN Ch. A. Diop/UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ndjido A Kane
- Senegalese Agricultural Research Institute, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International LAPSE, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Christian Leclerc
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Causse
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Vancoppenolle
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Billot
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Adeline Barnaud
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratoire Mixte International LAPSE, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Simon G Krattinger
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Koenen EJM, Ojeda DI, Bakker FT, Wieringa JJ, Kidner C, Hardy OJ, Pennington RT, Herendeen PS, Bruneau A, Hughes CE. The Origin of the Legumes is a Complex Paleopolyploid Phylogenomic Tangle Closely Associated with the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) Mass Extinction Event. Syst Biol 2020; 70:508-526. [PMID: 32483631 PMCID: PMC8048389 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary (KPB) mass extinction for the evolution of plant diversity remain poorly understood, even though evolutionary turnover of plant lineages at the KPB is central to understanding assembly of the Cenozoic biota. The apparent concentration of whole genome duplication (WGD) events around the KPB may have played a role in survival and subsequent diversification of plant lineages. To gain new insights into the origins of Cenozoic biodiversity, we examine the origin and early evolution of the globally diverse legume family (Leguminosae or Fabaceae). Legumes are ecologically (co-)dominant across many vegetation types, and the fossil record suggests that they rose to such prominence after the KPB in parallel with several well-studied animal clades including Placentalia and Neoaves. Furthermore, multiple WGD events are hypothesized to have occurred early in legume evolution. Using a recently inferred phylogenomic framework, we investigate the placement of WGDs during early legume evolution using gene tree reconciliation methods, gene count data and phylogenetic supernetwork reconstruction. Using 20 fossil calibrations we estimate a revised timeline of legume evolution based on 36 nuclear genes selected as informative and evolving in an approximately clock-like fashion. To establish the timing of WGDs we also date duplication nodes in gene trees. Results suggest either a pan-legume WGD event on the stem lineage of the family, or an allopolyploid event involving (some of) the earliest lineages within the crown group, with additional nested WGDs subtending subfamilies Papilionoideae and Detarioideae. Gene tree reconciliation methods that do not account for allopolyploidy may be misleading in inferring an earlier WGD event at the time of divergence of the two parental lineages of the polyploid, suggesting that the allopolyploid scenario is more likely. We show that the crown age of the legumes dates to the Maastrichtian or early Paleocene and that, apart from the Detarioideae WGD, paleopolyploidy occurred close to the KPB. We conclude that the early evolution of the legumes followed a complex history, in which multiple auto- and/or allopolyploidy events coincided with rapid diversification and in association with the mass extinction event at the KPB, ultimately underpinning the evolutionary success of the Leguminosae in the Cenozoic. [Allopolyploidy; Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary; Fabaceae, Leguminosae; paleopolyploidy; phylogenomics; whole genome duplication events]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J M Koenen
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario I Ojeda
- Service Évolution Biologique et Écologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien 8, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Freek T Bakker
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Kidner
- Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JU, UK
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Service Évolution Biologique et Écologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Toby Pennington
- Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.,Geography, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Anne Bruneau
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Colin E Hughes
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Strijk JS, Binh HT, Ngoc NV, Pereira JT, Slik JWF, Sukri RS, Suyama Y, Tagane S, Wieringa JJ, Yahara T, Hinsinger DD. Museomics for reconstructing historical floristic exchanges: Divergence of stone oaks across Wallacea. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232936. [PMID: 32442164 PMCID: PMC7244142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural history collections and tropical tree diversity are both treasure troves of biological and evolutionary information, but their accessibility for scientific study is impeded by a number of properties. DNA in historical specimens is generally highly fragmented, complicating the recovery of high-grade genetic material. Furthermore, our understanding of hyperdiverse, wide-spread tree assemblages is obstructed by extensive species ranges, fragmented knowledge of tropical tree diversity and phenology, and a widespread lack of species-level diagnostic characters, prohibiting the collecting of readily identifiable specimens which can be used to build, revise or strengthen taxonomic frameworks. This, in turn, delays the application of downstream conservation action. A sizable component of botanical collections are sterile-thus eluding identification and are slowing down progress in systematic treatments of tropical biodiversity. With rapid advances in genomics and bioinformatic approaches to biodiversity research, museomics is emerging as a new field breathing life into natural collections that have been built up over centuries. Using MIGseq (multiplexed ISSR genotyping by sequencing), we generated 10,000s of short loci, for both freshly collected materials and museum specimens (aged >100 years) of Lithocarpus-a widespread tropical tree genus endemic to the Asian tropics. Loci recovery from historical and recently collected samples was not affected by sample age and preservation history of the study material, underscoring the reliability and flexibility of the MIGseq approach. Phylogenomic inference and biogeographic reconstruction across insular Asia, highlights repeated migration and diversification patterns between continental regions and islands. Results indicate that co-occurring insular species at the extremity of the distribution range are not monophyletic, raising the possibility of multiple independent dispersals along the outer edge of Wallacea. This suggests that dispersal of large seeded tree genera throughout Malesia and across Wallacea may have been less affected by large geographic distances and the presence of marine barriers than generally assumed. We demonstrate the utility of MIGseq in museomic studies using non-model taxa, presenting the first range-wide genomic assessment of Lithocarpus and tropical Fagaceae as a proof-of-concept. Our study shows the potential for developing innovative genomic approaches to improve the capture of novel evolutionary signals using valuable natural history collections of hyperdiverse taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joeri S. Strijk
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Biodiversity Genomics Team, Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Alliance for Conservation Tree Genomics, Alliance for Conservation Tree Genomics, Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, Luang Prabang, Laos
| | | | | | - Joan T. Pereira
- Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Centre, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - J. W. Ferry Slik
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rahayu S. Sukri
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yoshihisa Suyama
- Kawatabi Field Science Centre, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Tagane
- The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Tetsukazu Yahara
- Center for Asian Conservation Ecology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Damien D. Hinsinger
- Biodiversity Genomics Team, Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Alliance for Conservation Tree Genomics, Alliance for Conservation Tree Genomics, Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, Luang Prabang, Laos
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l′Énergie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Évry, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Demenou BB, Migliore J, Heuertz M, Monthe FK, Ojeda DI, Wieringa JJ, Dauby G, Albreht L, Boom A, Hardy OJ. Plastome phylogeography in two African rain forest legume trees reveals that Dahomey Gap populations originate from the Cameroon volcanic line. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 150:106854. [PMID: 32439485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paleo-environmental data show that the distribution of African rain forests was affected by Quaternary climate changes. In particular, the Dahomey Gap (DG) - a 200 km wide savanna corridor currently separating the West African and Central African rain forest blocks and containing relict rain forest fragments - was forested during the mid-Holocene and possibly during previous interglacial periods, whereas it was dominated by open vegetation (savanna) during glacial periods. Genetic signatures of past population fragmentation and demographic changes have been found in some African forest plant species using nuclear markers, but such events appear not to have been synchronous or shared across species. To better understand the colonization history of the DG by rain forest trees through seed dispersal, the plastid genomes of two widespread African forest legume trees, Anthonotha macrophylla and Distemonanthus benthamianus, were sequenced in 47 individuals for each species, providing unprecedented phylogenetic resolution of their maternal lineages (857 and 115 SNPs, respectively). Both species exhibit distinct lineages separating three regions: 1. Upper Guinea (UG, i.e. the West African forest block), 2. the area ranging from the DG to the Cameroon volcanic line (CVL), and 3. Lower Guinea (LG, the western part of the Central African forest block) where three lineages co-occur. In both species, the DG populations (including southern Nigeria west of Cross River) exhibit much lower genetic diversity than UG and LG populations, and their plastid lineages originate from the CVL, confirming the role of the CVL as an ancient forest refuge. Despite the similar phylogeographic structures displayed by A. macrophylla and D. benthamianus, molecular dating indicates very contrasting ages of lineage divergence (UG diverged from LG since c. 7 Ma and 0.7 Ma, respectively) and DG colonization (probably following the Mid Pleistocene Transition and the Last Glacial Maximum, respectively). The stability of forest refuge areas and repeated similar forest shrinking/expanding events during successive glacial periods might explain why similar phylogeographic patterns can be generated over contrasting timescales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris B Demenou
- Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, CP160/12, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jérémy Migliore
- Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, CP160/12, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Franck K Monthe
- Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, CP160/12, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dario I Ojeda
- Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, CP160/12, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien 8, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gilles Dauby
- Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, CP160/12, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium; AMAP Lab, IRD, CNRS, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Albreht
- Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, CP160/12, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arthur Boom
- Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, CP160/12, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, CP160/12, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Helmstetter AJ, Kamga SM, Bethune K, Lautenschläger T, Zizka A, Bacon CD, Wieringa JJ, Stauffer F, Antonelli A, Sonké B, Couvreur TLP. Unraveling the Phylogenomic Relationships of the Most Diverse African Palm Genus Raphia (Calamoideae, Arecaceae). Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E549. [PMID: 32340211 PMCID: PMC7238857 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Palms are conspicuous floristic elements across the tropics. In continental Africa, even though there are less than 70 documented species, they are omnipresent across the tropical landscape. The genus Raphia has 20 accepted species in Africa and one species endemic to the Neotropics. It is the most economically important genus of African palms with most of its species producing food and construction material. Raphia is divided into five sections based on inflorescence morphology. Nevertheless, the taxonomy of Raphia is problematic with no intra-generic phylogenetic study available. We present a phylogenetic study of the genus using a targeted exon capture approach sequencing of 56 individuals representing 18 out of the 21 species. Our results recovered five well supported clades within the genus. Three sections correspond to those based on inflorescence morphology. R. regalis is strongly supported as sister to all other Raphia species and is placed into a newly described section: Erectae. Overall, morphological based identifications agreed well with our phylogenetic analyses, with 12 species recovered as monophyletic based on our sampling. Species delimitation analyses recovered 17 or 23 species depending on the confidence level used. Species delimitation is especially problematic in the Raphiate and Temulentae sections. In addition, our clustering analysis using SNP data suggested that individual clusters matched geographic distribution. The Neotropical species R. taedigera is supported as a distinct species, rejecting the hypothesis of a recent introduction into South America. Our analyses support the hypothesis that the Raphia individuals from Madagascar are potentially a distinct species different from the widely distributed R. farinifera. In conclusion, our results support the infra generic classification of Raphia based on inflorescence morphology, which is shown to be phylogenetically useful. Classification and species delimitation within sections remains problematic even with our phylogenomic approach. Certain widely distributed species could potentially contain cryptic species. More in-depth studies should be undertaken using morphometrics, increased sampling, and more variable markers. Our study provides a robust phylogenomic framework that enables further investigation on the biogeographic history, morphological evolution, and other eco-evolutionary aspects of this charismatic, socially, and economically important palm genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne Mogue Kamga
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d’Ecologie, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Higher Teacher Training College, Yaoundé B.P. 047, Cameroon; (S.M.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Kevin Bethune
- IRD, DIADE, University Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (A.J.H.); (K.B.)
| | - Thea Lautenschläger
- Institute of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Alexander Zizka
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Leipzig-Jena, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Christine D. Bacon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.D.B.); (A.A.)
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE 40530 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Fred Stauffer
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Conservatory and Botanical Garden of the City of Geneva, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.D.B.); (A.A.)
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE 40530 Goteborg, Sweden
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d’Ecologie, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Higher Teacher Training College, Yaoundé B.P. 047, Cameroon; (S.M.K.); (B.S.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dagallier LMJ, Janssens SB, Dauby G, Blach‐Overgaard A, Mackinder BA, Droissart V, Svenning J, Sosef MSM, Stévart T, Harris DJ, Sonké B, Wieringa JJ, Hardy OJ, Couvreur TLP. Cradles and museums of generic plant diversity across tropical Africa. New Phytol 2020; 225:2196-2213. [PMID: 31665816 PMCID: PMC7027791 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Determining where species diversify (cradles) and persist (museums) over evolutionary time is fundamental to understanding the distribution of biodiversity and for conservation prioritization. Here, we identify cradles and museums of angiosperm generic diversity across tropical Africa, one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth. Regions containing nonrandom concentrations of young (neo-) and old (paleo-) endemic taxa were identified using distribution data of 1719 genera combined with a newly generated time-calibrated mega-phylogenetic tree. We then compared the identified regions with the current network of African protected areas (PAs). At the generic level, phylogenetic diversity and endemism are mainly concentrated in the biogeographically complex region of Eastern Africa. We show that mountainous areas are centres of both neo- and paleo-endemism. By contrast, the Guineo-Congolian lowland rain forest region is characterized by widespread and old lineages. We found that the overlap between centres of phylogenetic endemism and PAs is high (> 85%). We show the vital role played by mountains acting simultaneously as cradles and museums of tropical African plant biodiversity. By contrast, lowland rainforests act mainly as museums for generic diversity. Our study shows that incorporating large-scale taxonomically verified distribution datasets and mega-phylogenies lead to an improved understanding of tropical plant biodiversity evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gilles Dauby
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAUniversity of MontpellierBd de la Lironde34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Anne Blach‐Overgaard
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE)Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114DK‐8000Aarhus CDenmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and BiodiversityDepartment of BioscienceAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114DK‐8000Aarhus CDenmark
| | | | - Vincent Droissart
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAUniversity of MontpellierBd de la Lironde34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE)Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114DK‐8000Aarhus CDenmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and BiodiversityDepartment of BioscienceAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114DK‐8000Aarhus CDenmark
| | | | - Tariq Stévart
- Meise Botanic GardenNieuwelaan 38BE‐1860MeiseBelgium
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique AfricaineUniversité Libre de BruxellesBoulevard du TriompheB‐1050BruxellesBelgium
- Africa & Madagascar DepartmentMissouri Botanical GardenSt LouisMO631109USA
| | - David J. Harris
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh20A Inverleith RowEdinburghEH3 5LRUK
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'ÉcologieDépartement des Sciences BiologiquesÉcole Normale SupérieureUniversité de Yaoundé IBP 047YaoundéCameroon
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterDarwinweg 22333 CRLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Olivier J. Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and EcologyFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de BruxellesAv. F.D. Roosevelt 501050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Thomas L. P. Couvreur
- DIADE, IRDUniversity of Montpellier911 Avenue Agropolis34394MontpellierFrance
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterDarwinweg 22333 CRLeidenthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Choo LM, Forest F, Wieringa JJ, Bruneau A, de la Estrella M. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Daniellia clade (Leguminosae: Detarioideae), a tropical tree lineage largely threatened in Africa and Madagascar. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 146:106752. [PMID: 32028029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The legume subfamily Detarioideae is exceptionally diverse in tropical Africa and Madagascar, compared to South America or Asia, a trend contrary to that shown by most other pantropical plant groups. We aim to elucidate the process of diversification giving rise to these high diversity levels by focussing our investigations on the Daniellia clade, which is present in both Africa and Madagascar. The Daniellia clade is an early-diverging lineage of subfamily Detarioideae (Leguminosae; pea family) and consists of three genera: Daniellia, Brandzeia and Neoapaloxylon. The species belonging to this group exhibit a wide range of habitat types. The Madagascar endemics Brandzeia (1 species) and Neoapaloxylon (3 species) occupy dry woodlands and arid succulent habitats respectively. Daniellia alsteeniana and D. oliveri are found in savannahs while the remaining eight species within Daniellia all occupy rainforest habitats. Phylogenetic analyses were generated from a dense, multi-individual species level sampling of the clade. Divergence time estimates were carried out using a molecular clock method to investigate biogeographical patterns and shifts in habitat types within the Daniellia clade, and conservation assessments were conducted to determine the levels of extinction risks these species are facing. We estimate that the Daniellia clade first emerged during the Early Eocene from an ancestor present in the rainforests of North Africa at that time, reflecting an ancestral habitat preference. There was a first major split over the course of the Eocene, giving rise to both African rainforest and Madagascan savannah lineages. With the emergence of a drier climate and vegetation type in Africa during the Eocene, it is likely that a dry-climate adapted lineage from the Daniellia clade ancestor could have dispersed through suitable savannah or woodland regions to reach Madagascar, subsequently giving rise to the savannah-adapted ancestor of Brandzeia and Neoapaloxylon in the Early Miocene. The African rainforest lineage gave rise to the genus Daniellia, which is postulated to have first diversified in the Middle Miocene, while savannah species of Daniellia emerged independently during the Pliocene, coinciding with the global rise of C4-dominated grasslands. More than half of the species in the Daniellia clade are near threatened or threatened, which highlights the need to understand the threats of anthropogenic pressures and climate change these species are facing to prioritise their conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Min Choo
- Herbarium, Research & Conservation Branch, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569 Singapore; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK.
| | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Manuel de la Estrella
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Koenen EJM, Ojeda DI, Steeves R, Migliore J, Bakker FT, Wieringa JJ, Kidner C, Hardy OJ, Pennington RT, Bruneau A, Hughes CE. Large-scale genomic sequence data resolve the deepest divergences in the legume phylogeny and support a near-simultaneous evolutionary origin of all six subfamilies. New Phytol 2020; 225:1355-1369. [PMID: 31665814 PMCID: PMC6972672 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenomics is increasingly used to infer deep-branching relationships while revealing the complexity of evolutionary processes such as incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization/introgression and polyploidization. We investigate the deep-branching relationships among subfamilies of the Leguminosae (or Fabaceae), the third largest angiosperm family. Despite their ecological and economic importance, a robust phylogenetic framework for legumes based on genome-scale sequence data is lacking. We generated alignments of 72 chloroplast genes and 7621 homologous nuclear-encoded proteins, for 157 and 76 taxa, respectively. We analysed these with maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and a multispecies coalescent summary method, and evaluated support for alternative topologies across gene trees. We resolve the deepest divergences in the legume phylogeny despite lack of phylogenetic signal across all chloroplast genes and the majority of nuclear genes. Strongly supported conflict in the remainder of nuclear genes is suggestive of incomplete lineage sorting. All six subfamilies originated nearly simultaneously, suggesting that the prevailing view of some subfamilies as 'basal' or 'early-diverging' with respect to others should be abandoned, which has important implications for understanding the evolution of legume diversity and traits. Our study highlights the limits of phylogenetic resolution in relation to rapid successive speciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. M. Koenen
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107CH‐8008ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Dario I. Ojeda
- Service Évolution Biologique et ÉcologieFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de BruxellesAvenue Franklin Roosevelt 501050BrusselsBelgium
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchHøgskoleveien 81433ÅsNorway
| | - Royce Steeves
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences BiologiquesUniversité de Montréal4101 Sherbrooke St EMontrealQCH1X 2B2Canada
- Fisheries & Oceans CanadaGulf Fisheries Center343 Université AveMonctonNBE1C 5K4Canada
| | - Jérémy Migliore
- Service Évolution Biologique et ÉcologieFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de BruxellesAvenue Franklin Roosevelt 501050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Freek T. Bakker
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, LeidenDarwinweg 22333 CRLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Catherine Kidner
- Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh20a Inverleith RowEdinburghEH3 5LRUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghKing's Buildings, Mayfield RdEdinburghEH9 3JUUK
| | - Olivier J. Hardy
- Service Évolution Biologique et ÉcologieFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de BruxellesAvenue Franklin Roosevelt 501050BrusselsBelgium
| | - R. Toby Pennington
- Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh20a Inverleith RowEdinburghEH3 5LRUK
- GeographyUniversity of ExeterAmory Building, Rennes DriveExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences BiologiquesUniversité de Montréal4101 Sherbrooke St EMontrealQCH1X 2B2Canada
| | - Colin E. Hughes
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107CH‐8008ZurichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Enquist BJ, Feng X, Boyle B, Maitner B, Newman EA, Jørgensen PM, Roehrdanz PR, Thiers BM, Burger JR, Corlett RT, Couvreur TLP, Dauby G, Donoghue JC, Foden W, Lovett JC, Marquet PA, Merow C, Midgley G, Morueta-Holme N, Neves DM, Oliveira-Filho AT, Kraft NJB, Park DS, Peet RK, Pillet M, Serra-Diaz JM, Sandel B, Schildhauer M, Šímová I, Violle C, Wieringa JJ, Wiser SK, Hannah L, Svenning JC, McGill BJ. The commonness of rarity: Global and future distribution of rarity across land plants. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaz0414. [PMID: 31807712 PMCID: PMC6881168 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A key feature of life's diversity is that some species are common but many more are rare. Nonetheless, at global scales, we do not know what fraction of biodiversity consists of rare species. Here, we present the largest compilation of global plant diversity to quantify the fraction of Earth's plant biodiversity that are rare. A large fraction, ~36.5% of Earth's ~435,000 plant species, are exceedingly rare. Sampling biases and prominent models, such as neutral theory and the k-niche model, cannot account for the observed prevalence of rarity. Our results indicate that (i) climatically more stable regions have harbored rare species and hence a large fraction of Earth's plant species via reduced extinction risk but that (ii) climate change and human land use are now disproportionately impacting rare species. Estimates of global species abundance distributions have important implications for risk assessments and conservation planning in this era of rapid global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Xiao Feng
- Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Brad Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Erica A. Newman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Patrick R. Roehrdanz
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Barbara M. Thiers
- New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10348, USA
| | - Joseph R. Burger
- Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden and Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Gilles Dauby
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Wendy Foden
- Cape Research Centre, South African National Parks, Tokai, 7947 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jon C. Lovett
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Pablo A. Marquet
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, CP 8331150 Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global and Centro de Cambio Global UC, Chile
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, CT 06269, USA
| | - Guy Midgley
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Naia Morueta-Holme
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Danilo M. Neves
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ary T. Oliveira-Filho
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathan J. B. Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel S. Park
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
| | - Robert K. Peet
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michiel Pillet
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
| | - Mark Schildhauer
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | - Irena Šímová
- Centre for Theoretical Study, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Lee Hannah
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brian J. McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Senator George J. Mitchell Center of Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Magwé-Tindo J, Wieringa JJ, Sonké B, Zapfack L, Vigouroux Y, Couvreur TLP, Scarcelli N. Complete plastome sequences of 14 African yam species ( Dioscorea spp.). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1536466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Magwé-Tindo
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- National Herbarium of The Netherlands, Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Department of Biology, Higher Teachers’ Training College, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Louis Zapfack
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Thomas L. P. Couvreur
- National Herbarium of The Netherlands, Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- IRD, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
van Kleunen M, Pyšek P, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Pergl J, Weigelt P, Stein A, Dullinger S, König C, Lenzner B, Maurel N, Moser D, Seebens H, Kartesz J, Nishino M, Aleksanyan A, Ansong M, Antonova LA, Barcelona JF, Breckle SW, Brundu G, Cabezas FJ, Cárdenas D, Cárdenas-Toro J, Castaño N, Chacón E, Chatelain C, Conn B, de Sá Dechoum M, Dufour-Dror JM, Ebel AL, Figueiredo E, Fragman-Sapir O, Fuentes N, Groom QJ, Henderson L, Jogan N, Krestov P, Kupriyanov A, Masciadri S, Meerman J, Morozova O, Nickrent D, Nowak A, Patzelt A, Pelser PB, Shu WS, Thomas J, Uludag A, Velayos M, Verkhosina A, Villaseñor JL, Weber E, Wieringa JJ, Yazlık A, Zeddam A, Zykova E, Winter M. The Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database. Ecology 2018; 100:e02542. [PMID: 30341991 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This dataset provides the Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database, version 1.2. GloNAF represents a data compendium on the occurrence and identity of naturalized alien vascular plant taxa across geographic regions (e.g. countries, states, provinces, districts, islands) around the globe. The dataset includes 13,939 taxa and covers 1,029 regions (including 381 islands). The dataset is based on 210 data sources. For each taxon-by-region combination, we provide information on whether the taxon is considered to be naturalized in the specific region (i.e. has established self-sustaining populations in the wild). Non-native taxa are marked as "alien", when it is not clear whether they are naturalized. To facilitate alignment with other plant databases, we provide for each taxon the name as given in the original data source and the standardized taxon and family names used by The Plant List Version 1.1 (http://www.theplantlist.org/). We provide an ESRI shapefile including polygons for each region and information on whether it is an island or a mainland region, the country and the Taxonomic Databases Working Group (TDWG) regions it is part of (TDWG levels 1-4). We also provide several variables that can be used to filter the data according to quality and completeness of alien taxon lists, which vary among the combinations of regions and data sources. A previous version of the GloNAF dataset (version 1.1) has already been used in several studies on, for example, historical spatial flows of taxa between continents and geographical patterns and determinants of naturalization across different taxonomic groups. We intend the updated and expanded GloNAF version presented here to be a global resource useful for studying plant invasions and changes in biodiversity from regional to global scales. We release these data into the public domain under a Creative Commons Zero license waiver (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/). When you use the data in your publication, we request that you cite this data paper. If GloNAF is a major part of the data analyzed in your study, you should consider inviting the GloNAF core team (see Metadata S1: Originators in the Overall project description) as collaborators. If you plan to use the GloNAF dataset, we encourage you to contact the GloNAF core team to check whether there have been recent updates of the dataset, and whether similar analyses are already ongoing.
Collapse
|
24
|
Grímsson F, van Valkenburg JL, Wieringa JJ, Xafis A, Jacobs BF, Zetter R. Pollen morphology of the African Sclerosperma (Arecaceae). Grana 2018; 58:99-113. [PMID: 30828286 PMCID: PMC6376959 DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2018.1519033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three currently accepted Sclerosperma species appear to produce four different pollen morphologies. Sclerosperma mannii and S. walkeri pollen share the same distinct reticulate sculpture, but S. profizianum produces three different pollen types (microreticulate, fossulate, and perforate). The pollen morphology suggests that S. mannii and S. walkeri are sister taxa of the same intrageneric lineage. The pollen diversity observed in S. profizianum suggests (a) this taxon is unique regarding its pollen diversity despite being a non-heterostylous plant or (b) that circumscription of S. profizianum as a species may well be in the need of redefinition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, National Herbarium of The Netherlands, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandros Xafis
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bonnie F. Jacobs
- Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Reinhard Zetter
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grímsson F, Jacobs BF, Van Valkenburg JLCH, Wieringa JJ, Xafis A, Tabor N, Pan AD, Zetter R. Sclerosperma fossils from the late Oligocene of Chilga, north-western Ethiopia. Grana 2018; 58:81-98. [PMID: 30828285 PMCID: PMC6382288 DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2018.1510977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The palm family, Arecaceae, is notoriously depauperate in Africa today, and its evolutionary, paleobiogeographic, and extinction history there are not well documented by fossils. In this article we report the pollen of two new extinct species of the small genus, Sclerosperma (Arecoideae), from a late Oligocene (27-28 Ma) stratum exposed along the Guang River in Chilga Wereda of north-western Ethiopia. The pollen are triporate, and the two taxa can be distinguished from each other and from modern species using a combination of light and scanning electron microscopy, which reveals variations in the finer details of their reticulate to perforate exine sculpture. We also report a palm leaf fragment from a stratum higher in the same section that is in the Arecoideae subfamily, and most likely belongs to Sclerosperma. The implications of these discoveries for the evolutionary history of this clade of African arecoid palms is that their diversification was well underway by the middle to late Oligocene, and they were much more widespread in Africa at that time than they are now, limited to West and Central Africa. Sclerosperma exhibits ecological conservatism, as today it occurs primarily in swamps and flooded forests, and the sedimentology of the Guang River deposits at Chilga indicate a heterogeneous landscape with a high water table. The matrix containing the fossil pollen is lignite, which itself indicates standing water, and a variety of plant macrofossils from higher in the section have been interpreted as representing moist tropical forest or seasonally inundated forest communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bonnie F. Jacobs
- Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, National Herbarium of The Netherlands, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandros Xafis
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neil Tabor
- Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aaron D. Pan
- Don Harrington Discovery Center, Streit Drive, TX, USA
| | - Reinhard Zetter
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hoekstra PH, Wieringa JJ, Smets E, Chatrou LW. Floral evolution by simplification in Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) and hypotheses for pollination system shifts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12066. [PMID: 30104579 PMCID: PMC6089970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simplification by reduction has occurred many times independently in the floral evolution of angiosperms. These reductions have often been attributed to changes in reproductive biology. In the angiosperm plant family Annonaceae, most species have flowers with six petals, and many stamens and carpels. In the genus Monanthotaxis several deviations from this pattern have been observed, including flowers that contain three petals and three stamens only. New DNA sequences were generated for 42 specimens of Monanthotaxis. Five chloroplast markers and two nuclear markers for 72 out of 94 species of Monanthotaxis were used to reconstruct a phylogeny of the genus, which revealed several well-supported, morphologically distinct clades. The evolution of four quantitative and two qualitative floral characters was mapped onto this phylogeny, demonstrating a reduction in flower size and number of flower parts in Monanthotaxis. A large variation in stamen forms and numbers, strong correlations between petal size, stamen and carpel number, combined with a non-gradual mode of evolution and the sympatric co-occurrence of Monanthotaxis species from different clades suggest that the high diversity in the African rainforest of this genus is caused by switches in pollination systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Hoekstra
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Wageningen University & Research, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Wageningen University & Research, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Smets
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation Section, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, box 2435, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lars W Chatrou
- Wageningen University & Research, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
de la Estrella M, Forest F, Klitgård B, Lewis GP, Mackinder BA, de Queiroz LP, Wieringa JJ, Bruneau A. A new phylogeny-based tribal classification of subfamily Detarioideae, an early branching clade of florally diverse tropical arborescent legumes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6884. [PMID: 29720687 PMCID: PMC5932001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Detarioideae (81 genera, c. 760 species) is one of the six Leguminosae subfamilies recently reinstated by the Legume Phylogeny Working Group. This subfamily displays high morphological variability and is one of the early branching clades in the evolution of legumes. Using previously published and newly generated sequences from four loci (matK-trnK, rpL16, trnG-trnG2G and ITS), we develop a new densely sampled phylogeny to assess generic relationships and tribal delimitations within Detarioideae. The ITS phylogenetic trees are poorly resolved, but the plastid data recover several strongly supported clades, which also are supported in a concatenated plastid + ITS sequence analysis. We propose a new phylogeny-based tribal classification for Detarioideae that includes six tribes: re-circumscribed Detarieae and Amherstieae, and the four new tribes Afzelieae, Barnebydendreae, Saraceae and Schotieae. An identification key and descriptions for each of the tribes are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel de la Estrella
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK. .,Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Félix Forest
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Bente Klitgård
- Department for Identification and Naming, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Gwilym P Lewis
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Barbara A Mackinder
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK.,Tropical Diversity, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20ª Inverleith Row, EH3 5LR, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luciano P de Queiroz
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina s.n., Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, H1X 2B2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
de la Estrella M, Forest F, Wieringa JJ, Fougère-Danezan M, Bruneau A. Insights on the evolutionary origin of Detarioideae, a clade of ecologically dominant tropical African trees. New Phytol 2017; 214:1722-1735. [PMID: 28323330 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
African tropical forests are generally considered less diverse than their Neotropical and Asian counterparts. By contrast, the Detarioideae is much more diverse in Africa than in South America and Asia. To better understand the evolution of this contrasting diversity pattern, we investigated the biogeographical and ecological origin of this subfamily, testing whether they originated in dry biomes surrounding the Tethys Seaway as currently hypothesized for many groups of Leguminosae. We constructed the largest time-calibrated phylogeny for the subfamily to date, reconstructed ancestral states for geography and biome/habitat, estimated diversification and extinction rates, and evaluated biome/habitat and geographic shifts in Detarioideae. The ancestral habitat of Detarioideae is postulated to be a primary forest (terra firme) originated in Africa-South America, in the early Palaeocene, after which several biome/habitat and geographic shifts occurred. The origin of Detarioideae is older than previous estimates, which postulated a dry (succulent) biome origin according to the Tethys Seaway hypothesis, and instead we reveal a post Gondwana and terra firme origin for this early branching clade of legumes. Detarioideae include some of the most dominant trees in evergreen forests and have likely played a pivotal role in shaping continental African forest diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel de la Estrella
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Félix Forest
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2333, CR Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Fougère-Danezan
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Université de Toulouse, EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), UMR5174, F-31062, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UPS, EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), UMR5174, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoekstra PH, Wieringa JJ, Smets E, Brandão RD, Lopes JDC, Erkens RHJ, Chatrou LW. Correlated evolutionary rates across genomic compartments in Annonaceae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 114:63-72. [PMID: 28578201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular clock hypothesis is an important concept in biology. Deviations from a constant rate of nucleotide substitution have been found widely among lineages, genomes, genes and individual sites. Phylogenetic research can accommodate for these differences in applying specific models of evolution. Lineage-specific rate heterogeneity however can generate bi- or multimodal distributions of substitution rates across the branches of a tree and this may mislead phylogenetic inferences with currently available models. The plant family Annonaceae is an excellent case to study lineage-specific rate heterogeneity. The two major sister subfamilies, Annonoideae and Malmeoideae, have shown great discrepancies in branch lengths. We used high-throughput sequencing data of 72 genes, 99 spacers and 16 introns from 24 chloroplast genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA of 23 species to study the molecular rate of evolution in Annonaceae. In all analyses, longer branch lengths and/or higher substitution rates were found for the Annonoideae compared to the Malmeoideae. The Annonaceae had wide variability in chloroplast length, ranging from minimal 175,684bp to 201,723 for Annonoideae and minimal 152,357 to 170,985bp in Malmeoideae, mostly reflecting variation in inverted-repeat length. The Annonoideae showed a higher GC-content in the conserved parts of the chloroplast genome and higher omega (dN/dS)-ratios than the Malmeoideae, which could indicate less stringent purifying selection, a pattern that has been found in groups with small population sizes. This study generates new insights into the processes causing lineage-specific rate heterogeneity, which could lead to improved phylogenetic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Hoekstra
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik Smets
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation Section, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Box 2435, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rita D Brandão
- Maastricht University, Maastricht Science Programme, Kapoenstraat 2, 6211 KW Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jenifer de Carvalho Lopes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roy H J Erkens
- Maastricht University, Maastricht Science Programme, Kapoenstraat 2, 6211 KW Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lars W Chatrou
- Wageningen University & Research, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sosef MSM, Dauby G, Blach-Overgaard A, van der Burgt X, Catarino L, Damen T, Deblauwe V, Dessein S, Dransfield J, Droissart V, Duarte MC, Engledow H, Fadeur G, Figueira R, Gereau RE, Hardy OJ, Harris DJ, de Heij J, Janssens S, Klomberg Y, Ley AC, Mackinder BA, Meerts P, van de Poel JL, Sonké B, Stévart T, Stoffelen P, Svenning JC, Sepulchre P, Zaiss R, Wieringa JJ, Couvreur TLP. Exploring the floristic diversity of tropical Africa. BMC Biol 2017; 15:15. [PMID: 28264718 PMCID: PMC5339970 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the patterns of biodiversity distribution and what influences them is a fundamental pre-requisite for effective conservation and sustainable utilisation of biodiversity. Such knowledge is increasingly urgent as biodiversity responds to the ongoing effects of global climate change. Nowhere is this more acute than in species-rich tropical Africa, where so little is known about plant diversity and its distribution. In this paper, we use RAINBIO - one of the largest mega-databases of tropical African vascular plant species distributions ever compiled - to address questions about plant and growth form diversity across tropical Africa. RESULTS The filtered RAINBIO dataset contains 609,776 georeferenced records representing 22,577 species. Growth form data are recorded for 97% of all species. Records are well distributed, but heterogeneous across the continent. Overall, tropical Africa remains poorly sampled. When using sampling units (SU) of 0.5°, just 21 reach appropriate collection density and sampling completeness, and the average number of records per species per SU is only 1.84. Species richness (observed and estimated) and endemism figures per country are provided. Benin, Cameroon, Gabon, Ivory Coast and Liberia appear as the botanically best-explored countries, but none are optimally explored. Forests in the region contain 15,387 vascular plant species, of which 3013 are trees, representing 5-7% of the estimated world's tropical tree flora. The central African forests have the highest endemism rate across Africa, with approximately 30% of species being endemic. CONCLUSIONS The botanical exploration of tropical Africa is far from complete, underlining the need for intensified inventories and digitization. We propose priority target areas for future sampling efforts, mainly focused on Tanzania, Atlantic Central Africa and West Africa. The observed number of tree species for African forests is smaller than those estimated from global tree data, suggesting that a significant number of species are yet to be discovered. Our data provide a solid basis for a more sustainable management and improved conservation of tropical Africa's unique flora, and is important for achieving Objective 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 2011-2020. In turn, RAINBIO provides a solid basis for a more sustainable management and improved conservation of tropical Africa's unique flora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc S M Sosef
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, BE-1860, Meise, Belgium.
| | - Gilles Dauby
- DIADE, Université Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire d'Évolution biologique et Écologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- CESAB/FRB, Domaine du Petit Arbois, Av. Louis Philibert, Aix-en-Provence, 13100, France
| | - Anne Blach-Overgaard
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Luís Catarino
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Theo Damen
- Wageningen University, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Deblauwe
- DIADE, Université Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Écologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, École Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, BP 2008 (Messa), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Steven Dessein
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, BE-1860, Meise, Belgium
| | | | - Vincent Droissart
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, USA
- AMAP, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maria Cristina Duarte
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henry Engledow
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, BE-1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey Fadeur
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Rui Figueira
- CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- CEABN/InBio, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada "Professor Baeta Neves", Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Roy E Gereau
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, USA
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Laboratoire d'Évolution biologique et Écologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David J Harris
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janneke de Heij
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Picturae, De Droogmakerij 12, 1851LX, Heiloo, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Janssens
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, BE-1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - Yannick Klomberg
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra C Ley
- Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Im Neuwerk 21, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Barbara A Mackinder
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pierre Meerts
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie végétale et Biogéochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jeike L van de Poel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Écologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, École Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Tariq Stévart
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, BE-1860, Meise, Belgium
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, USA
| | - Piet Stoffelen
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, BE-1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pierre Sepulchre
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rainer Zaiss
- AMAP, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Wageningen University, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L P Couvreur
- DIADE, Université Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Écologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, École Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
van Proosdij ASJ, Raes N, Wieringa JJ, Sosef MSM. Unequal Contribution of Widespread and Narrow-Ranged Species to Botanical Diversity Patterns. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169200. [PMID: 28033337 PMCID: PMC5199077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In conservation studies, solely widespread species are often used as indicators of diversity patterns, but narrow-ranged species can show different patterns. Here, we assess how well subsets of narrow-ranged, widespread or randomly selected plant species represent patterns of species richness and weighted endemism in Gabon, tropical Africa. Specifically, we assess the effect of using different definitions of widespread and narrow-ranged and of the information content of the subsets. Finally, we test if narrow-ranged species are overrepresented in species-rich areas. Based on distribution models of Gabonese plant species, we defined sequential subsets from narrow-ranged-to-widespread, widespread-to-narrow-ranged, and 100 randomly arranged species sequences using the range sizes of species in tropical Africa and within Gabon. Along these sequences, correlations between subsets and the total species richness and total weighted endemism patterns were computed. Random species subsets best represent the total species richness pattern, whereas subsets of narrow-ranged species best represent the total weighted endemism pattern. For species ordered according to their range sizes in tropical Africa, subsets of narrow-ranged species represented the total species richness pattern better than widespread species subsets did. However, the opposite was true when range sizes were truncated by the Gabonese national country borders. Correcting for the information content of the subset results in a skew of the sequential correlations, its direction depending on the range-size frequency distribution. Finally, we find a strong, positive, non-linear relation between weighted endemism and total species richness. Observed differences in the contribution of narrow-ranged, widespread and randomly selected species to species richness and weighted endemism patterns can be explained by the range-size frequency distribution and the use of different definitions of widespread or narrow-ranged. We call for a reconsideration of the use of widespread species as an indicator of diversity patterns, and advocate using the full ranges of species when assessing diversity patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André S. J. van Proosdij
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Niels Raes
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marc S. M. Sosef
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Botanic Garden Meise, Meise, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cardoso D, Harris DJ, Wieringa JJ, São-Mateus WMB, Batalha-Filho H, Torke BM, Prenner G, Queiroz LPD. A molecular-dated phylogeny and biogeography of the monotypic legume genus Haplormosia, a missing African branch of the otherwise American-Australian Brongniartieae clade. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 107:431-442. [PMID: 27965083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensively sampled reassessment of the molecular phylogeny of the genistoid legumes questions the traditional placement of Haplormosia, an African monotypic genus traditionally classified within tribe Sophoreae close to the Asian-American geographically disjunct genus Ormosia. Plastid matK sequences placed Haplormosia as sister to the American-Australian tribe Brongniartieae. Despite a superficial resemblance between Haplormosia and Ormosia, a re-examination of the morphology of Haplormosia corroborates the new phylogenetic result. The reciprocally monophyletic deep divergence of the Haplormosia stem lineage from the remaining Brongniartieae is dated to ca. 52Mya, thus supporting a signature of an old single long-distance dispersal during the early Eocene. Conversely, we estimated a relatively recent long-distance dispersal rooted in the Early Miocene for the Australian Brongniartieae clade emerging from within a grade of American Brongniartieae. The Bayesian ancestral area reconstruction revealed the coming and going of neotropical ancestors during the diversification history of the Brongniartieae legumes in Africa and all over the Americas and Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domingos Cardoso
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (INCT IN-TREE), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s.n., Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - David J Harris
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Botany Section, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wallace M B São-Mateus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, 59072-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Henrique Batalha-Filho
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (INCT IN-TREE), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s.n., Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Benjamin M Torke
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, New York 10458-5126, USA
| | - Gerhard Prenner
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Marshall CAM, Wieringa JJ, Hawthorne WD. Bioquality Hotspots in the Tropical African Flora. Curr Biol 2016; 26:3214-3219. [PMID: 27839969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Identifying areas of high biodiversity is an established way to prioritize areas for conservation [1-3], but global approaches have been criticized for failing to render global biodiversity value at a scale suitable for local management [4-6]. We assembled 3.1 million species distribution records for 40,401 vascular plant species of tropical Africa from sources including plot data, herbarium databases, checklists, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and cleaned the records for geographic accuracy and taxonomic consistency. We summarized the global ranges of tropical African plant species into four weighted categories of global rarity called Stars. We applied the Star weights to summaries of species distribution data at fine resolutions to map the bioquality (range-restricted global endemism) of areas [7]. We generated confidence intervals around bioquality scores to account for the remaining uncertainty in the species inventory. We confirm the broad significance of the Horn of Africa, Guinean forests, coastal forests of East Africa, and Afromontane regions for plant biodiversity but also reveal the variation in bioquality within these broad regions and others, particularly at local scales. Our framework offers practitioners a quantitative, scalable, and replicable approach for measuring the irreplaceability of particular local areas for global biodiversity conservation and comparing those areas within their global and regional context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cicely A M Marshall
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - William D Hawthorne
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Donkpegan ASL, Doucet JL, Migliore J, Duminil J, Dainou K, Piñeiro R, Wieringa JJ, Champluvier D, Hardy OJ. Evolution in African tropical trees displaying ploidy-habitat association: The genus Afzelia (Leguminosae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 107:270-281. [PMID: 27825871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy has rarely been documented in rain forest trees but it has recently been found in African species of the genus Afzelia (Leguminosae), which is composed of four tetraploid rain forest species and two diploid dry forest species. The genus Afzelia thus provides an opportunity to examine how and when polyploidy and habitat shift occurred in Africa, and whether they are associated. In this study, we combined three plastid markers (psbA, trnL, ndhF), two nuclear markers (ribosomal ITS and the single-copy PEPC E7 gene), plastomes (obtained by High Throughput Sequencing) and morphological traits, with an extensive taxonomic and geographic sampling to explore the evolutionary history of Afzelia. Both nuclear DNA and morphological vegetative characters separated diploid from tetraploid lineages. Although the two African diploid species were well differentiated genetically and morphologically, the relationships among the tetraploid species were not resolved. In contrast to the nuclear markers, plastid markers revealed that one of the diploid species forms a well-supported clade with the tetraploids, suggesting historical hybridisation, possibly in relation with genome duplication (polyploidization) and habitat shift from dry to rain forests. Molecular dating based on fossil-anchored gene phylogenies indicates that extant Afzelia started diverging c. 14.5 or 20Ma while extant tetraploid species started diverging c. 7.0 or 9.4Ma according to plastid and nuclear DNA, respectively. Additional studies of tropical polyploid plants are needed to assess whether the ploidy-habitat association observed in African Afzelia would reflect a role of polyploidization in niche divergence in the tropics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armel S L Donkpegan
- TERRA Research Centre, Central African Forests, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Louis Doucet
- TERRA Research Centre, Central African Forests, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; BIOSE, Management of Forest Resources, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Belgium.
| | - Jérémy Migliore
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jérôme Duminil
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Bioversity International, c/o CIFOR Central Africa Regional Office P.O. Box 2008 Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR-DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Kasso Dainou
- BIOSE, Management of Forest Resources, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Belgium; Nature+ asbl, Winstar Park, Rue Provinciale 62, 1301, Wavre, Belgium; Université d'Agriculture de Kétou, BP: 43, Kétou, Benin.
| | - Rosalía Piñeiro
- Conservation, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3DS, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, National Herbarium of The Netherlands, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dauby G, Zaiss R, Blach-Overgaard A, Catarino L, Damen T, Deblauwe V, Dessein S, Dransfield J, Droissart V, Duarte MC, Engledow H, Fadeur G, Figueira R, Gereau RE, Hardy OJ, Harris DJ, de Heij J, Janssens S, Klomberg Y, Ley AC, Mackinder BA, Meerts P, van de Poel JL, Sonké B, Sosef MSM, Stévart T, Stoffelen P, Svenning JC, Sepulchre P, van der Burgt X, Wieringa JJ, Couvreur TLP. RAINBIO: a mega-database of tropical African vascular plants distributions. PhytoKeys 2016:1-18. [PMID: 28127234 PMCID: PMC5234546 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.74.9723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The tropical vegetation of Africa is characterized by high levels of species diversity but is undergoing important shifts in response to ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures. Although our knowledge of plant species distribution patterns in the African tropics has been improving over the years, it remains limited. Here we present RAINBIO, a unique comprehensive mega-database of georeferenced records for vascular plants in continental tropical Africa. The geographic focus of the database is the region south of the Sahel and north of Southern Africa, and the majority of data originate from tropical forest regions. RAINBIO is a compilation of 13 datasets either publicly available or personal ones. Numerous in depth data quality checks, automatic and manual via several African flora experts, were undertaken for georeferencing, standardization of taxonomic names and identification and merging of duplicated records. The resulting RAINBIO data allows exploration and extraction of distribution data for 25,356 native tropical African vascular plant species, which represents ca. 89% of all known plant species in the area of interest. Habit information is also provided for 91% of these species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Dauby
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France; Laboratoire d'évolution Biologique et Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/12, avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; CESAB / FRB, Domaine du Petit Arbois, Av. Louis Philibert, Aix-en-Provence, 13100, France
| | - Rainer Zaiss
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR AMAP, Boulevard de la Lironde TA A-51 / PS 2 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Blach-Overgaard
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Luís Catarino
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Theo Damen
- Wageningen University, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Deblauwe
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France; Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et d'Écologie, École Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, PO Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Steven Dessein
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
| | | | - Vincent Droissart
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR AMAP, Boulevard de la Lironde TA A-51 / PS 2 34398 Montpellier, France; Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et d'Écologie, École Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, PO Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Maria Cristina Duarte
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3C), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henry Engledow
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey Fadeur
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Rui Figueira
- CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto. Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal; CEABN/InBio, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada "Professor Baeta Neves", Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Roy E Gereau
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Laboratoire d'évolution Biologique et Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/12, avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - David J Harris
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Janneke de Heij
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands; Picturae, De Droogmakerij 12, 1851LX Heiloo, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yannick Klomberg
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ-12843, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra C Ley
- Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, University Halle-Wittenberg, Neuwerk 21, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Pierre Meerts
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Laboratoire d'Ecologie végétale et Biogéochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et d'Écologie, École Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, PO Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marc S M Sosef
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
| | - Tariq Stévart
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique Africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium; Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Piet Stoffelen
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pierre Sepulchre
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands; Wageningen University, Biosystematics Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L P Couvreur
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Botanique Systématique et d'Écologie, École Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, PO Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hoekstra PH, Wieringa JJ, Chatrou LW. A nonet of novel species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) from around Africa. PhytoKeys 2016:71-103. [PMID: 27698586 PMCID: PMC5029142 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.69.9292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing revision of the genus Monanthotaxis Baill. (Annonaceae), nine new species are described and one variety is reinstated to species rank. Two new species from West Africa (Monanthotaxis aquila P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov. and Monanthotaxis atewensis P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), four new species from Central Africa (Monanthotaxis couvreurii P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov., Monanthotaxis latistamina P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov., Monanthotaxis tripetala P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov. and Monanthotaxis zenkeri P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), one new species from Tanzania (Monanthotaxis filipes P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), one new species from the area around Maputo (Monanthotaxis maputensis P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), one new species from the Comoro Islands (Monanthotaxis komorensis P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.) and Monanthotaxis klainei (Engl.) Verdc. var. angustifolia (Boutique) Verdc. is raised to species level leading to the replacement name Monanthotaxis atopostema P.H.Hoekstra, nom. nov. (not Monanthotaxis angustifolia (Exell) Verdc.). Complete descriptions, comparisons with related species, ecological information and IUCN conservation assessments are given for the new species. Five species were classified as critical endangered, two species as endangered, one as vulnerable and one as least concern, warranting the need of further collecting and studying those species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Hoekstra
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Section NHN), Herbarium Vadense, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University and Research centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Section NHN), Herbarium Vadense, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University and Research centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars W. Chatrou
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University and Research centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
van Kleunen M, Dawson W, Essl F, Pergl J, Winter M, Weber E, Kreft H, Weigelt P, Kartesz J, Nishino M, Antonova LA, Barcelona JF, Cabezas FJ, Cárdenas D, Cárdenas-Toro J, Castaño N, Chacón E, Chatelain C, Ebel AL, Figueiredo E, Fuentes N, Groom QJ, Henderson L, Inderjit, Kupriyanov A, Masciadri S, Meerman J, Morozova O, Moser D, Nickrent DL, Patzelt A, Pelser PB, Baptiste MP, Poopath M, Schulze M, Seebens H, Shu WS, Thomas J, Velayos M, Wieringa JJ, Pyšek P. Global exchange and accumulation of non-native plants. Nature 2015; 525:100-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
38
|
Cardoso D, São-Mateus WM, da Cruz DT, Zartman CE, Komura DL, Kite G, Prenner G, Wieringa JJ, Clark A, Lewis G, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP. Filling in the gaps of the papilionoid legume phylogeny: The enigmatic Amazonian genus Petaladenium is a new branch of the early-diverging Amburaneae clade. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 84:112-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Staats M, Erkens RHJ, van de Vossenberg B, Wieringa JJ, Kraaijeveld K, Stielow B, Geml J, Richardson JE, Bakker FT. Genomic treasure troves: complete genome sequencing of herbarium and insect museum specimens. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69189. [PMID: 23922691 PMCID: PMC3726723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlocking the vast genomic diversity stored in natural history collections would create unprecedented opportunities for genome-scale evolutionary, phylogenetic, domestication and population genomic studies. Many researchers have been discouraged from using historical specimens in molecular studies because of both generally limited success of DNA extraction and the challenges associated with PCR-amplifying highly degraded DNA. In today's next-generation sequencing (NGS) world, opportunities and prospects for historical DNA have changed dramatically, as most NGS methods are actually designed for taking short fragmented DNA molecules as templates. Here we show that using a standard multiplex and paired-end Illumina sequencing approach, genome-scale sequence data can be generated reliably from dry-preserved plant, fungal and insect specimens collected up to 115 years ago, and with minimal destructive sampling. Using a reference-based assembly approach, we were able to produce the entire nuclear genome of a 43-year-old Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) herbarium specimen with high and uniform sequence coverage. Nuclear genome sequences of three fungal specimens of 22–82 years of age (Agaricus bisporus, Laccaria bicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus) were generated with 81.4–97.9% exome coverage. Complete organellar genome sequences were assembled for all specimens. Using de novo assembly we retrieved between 16.2–71.0% of coding sequence regions, and hence remain somewhat cautious about prospects for de novo genome assembly from historical specimens. Non-target sequence contaminations were observed in 2 of our insect museum specimens. We anticipate that future museum genomics projects will perhaps not generate entire genome sequences in all cases (our specimens contained relatively small and low-complexity genomes), but at least generating vital comparative genomic data for testing (phylo)genetic, demographic and genetic hypotheses, that become increasingly more horizontal. Furthermore, NGS of historical DNA enables recovering crucial genetic information from old type specimens that to date have remained mostly unutilized and, thus, opens up a new frontier for taxonomic research as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Staats
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy H. J. Erkens
- Maastricht Science Program, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Vossenberg
- Dutch National Plant Protection Organization, National Reference Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN), Herbarium Vadense (WAG), Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Kraaijeveld
- Department of Human Genetics/Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Stielow
- Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS-KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - József Geml
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Section National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James E. Richardson
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Laboratorio de Botánica y Sistemática, Universidad de Los Andes, Apartado Aéreo 4976, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Freek T. Bakker
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Eurlings MCM, Lens F, Pakusza C, Peelen T, Wieringa JJ, Gravendeel B. Forensic Identification of Indian Snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentinaBenth. ex Kurz) Using DNA Barcoding. J Forensic Sci 2013; 58:822-30. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel C. M. Eurlings
- Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis; NHN; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9514; Leiden; RA; 2300; The Netherlands
| | - Frederic Lens
- Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis; NHN; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9514; Leiden; RA; 2300; The Netherlands
| | - Csilla Pakusza
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; University of Amsterdam; P.O. Box 94248; Amsterdam; GE; 1090; The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Peelen
- Dutch Customs Laboratory; Kingsfordweg 1; Amsterdam; GN; 1043; The Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis; NHN; Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University; Generaal Foulkesweg 37; Wageningen; BL; 6703; The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Peccoud J, Piatscheck F, Yockteng R, Garcia M, Sauve M, Djiéto-Lordon C, Harris DJ, Wieringa JJ, Breteler FJ, Born C, McKey D, Blatrix R. Multi-locus phylogenies of the genus Barteria (Passifloraceae) portray complex patterns in the evolution of myrmecophytism. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012. [PMID: 23178742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The four species of the central African genus Barteria show variation in habitat and in degree of association with ants. Whereas B. solida, restricted to submontane forests, attracts opportunistic ants to extrafloral nectar, the three other species, found in lowland rainforests (B. fistulosa, B. dewevrei) and in littoral scrub (B. nigritana), possess stem domatia of varying shapes and degrees of specialisation, hosting either non-specific arboreal ants (B. nigritana, some B. dewevrei) or two large species of ants of the genus Tetraponera Smith, 1852 that are specific to some species of Barteria (B. fistulosa, some B. dewevrei). We aimed to investigate whether this variation represents an evolutionary trend toward increasing specialisation of mutualism or the reduction or loss of myrmecophytic traits. For this, we determined phylogenetic relationships within the genus using DNA sequences (primarily nuclear ITS) and microsatellite genotypes (11 loci) on a large sample of individuals, mostly from Cameroon and Gabon. The two types of markers support an initial dichotomy that groups B. dewevrei with B. nigritana and B. fistulosa with B. solida respectively. Within these pairs, species do not appear reciprocally monophyletic. At microsatellite loci, B. nigritana forms a clade embedded within B. dewevrei; and within both B. solida and B. fistulosa, geographical populations show levels of differentiation similar to that observed between populations of B. solida and B. fistulosa. Geographic distance alone does not account for genetic differentiation between species, which indicates reproductive isolation. Divergence in each of the two pairs implies evolutionary transitions in habitat and in myrmecophytism. Specialised mutualism with specific ant species of the genus Tetraponera has been lost in species found in more marginal habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Peccoud
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
de la Estrella M, Mateo RG, Wieringa JJ, Mackinder B, Muñoz J. Legume diversity patterns in West Central Africa: influence of species biology on distribution models. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41526. [PMID: 22911808 PMCID: PMC3402427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are used to produce predictions of potential Leguminosae diversity in West Central Africa. Those predictions are evaluated subsequently using expert opinion. The established methodology of combining all SDMs is refined to assess species diversity within five defined vegetation types. Potential species diversity is thus predicted for each vegetation type respectively. The primary aim of the new methodology is to define, in more detail, areas of species richness for conservation planning. METHODOLOGY Using Maxent, SDMs based on a suite of 14 environmental predictors were generated for 185 West Central African Leguminosae species, each categorised according to one of five vegetation types: Afromontane, coastal, non-flooded forest, open formations, or riverine forest. The relative contribution of each environmental variable was compared between different vegetation types using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis followed by a post-hoc Kruskal-Wallis Paired Comparison contrast. Legume species diversity patterns were explored initially using the typical method of stacking all SDMs. Subsequently, five different ensemble models were generated by partitioning SDMs according to vegetation category. Ecological modelers worked with legume specialists to improve data integrity and integrate expert opinion in the interpretation of individual species models and potential species richness predictions for different vegetation types. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Of the 14 environmental predictors used, five showed no difference in their relative contribution to the different vegetation models. Of the nine discriminating variables, the majority were related to temperature variation. The set of variables that played a major role in the Afromontane species diversity model differed significantly from the sets of variables of greatest relative important in other vegetation categories. The traditional approach of stacking all SDMs indicated overall centers of diversity in the region but the maps indicating potential species richness by vegetation type offered more detailed information on which conservation efforts can be focused.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel de la Estrella
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rubén G. Mateo
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Botany, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN), Herbarium Vadense (WAG), Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Mackinder
- Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Muñoz
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Ambato, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Couvreur TLP, Porter-Morgan H, Wieringa JJ, Chatrou LW. Little ecological divergence associated with speciation in two African rain forest tree genera. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:296. [PMID: 21985574 PMCID: PMC3203876 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tropical rain forests (TRF) of Africa are the second largest block of this biome after the Amazon and exhibit high levels of plant endemism and diversity. Two main hypotheses have been advanced to explain speciation processes that have led to this high level of biodiversity: allopatric speciation linked to geographic isolation and ecological speciation linked to ecological gradients. Both these hypotheses rely on ecology: in the former conservation of ecological niches through time is implied, while in the latter adaptation via selection to alternative ecological niches would be a prerequisite. Here, we investigate the role of ecology in explaining present day species diversity in African TRF using a species level phylogeny and ecological niche modeling of two predominantly restricted TRF tree genera, Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Both these genera, with 20 and 14 species, respectively, are widely distributed in African TRFs, with a few species occurring in slightly less humid regions such as in East Africa. RESULTS A total of 11 sister species pairs were identified most of them occurring in allopatry or with little geographical overlap. Our results provide a mixed answer on the role of ecology in speciation. Although no sister species have identical niches, just under half of the tests suggest that sister species do have more similar niches than expected by chance. PCA analyses also support little ecological differences between sister species. Most speciation events within both genera predate the Pleistocene, occurring during the Late Miocene and Pliocene periods. CONCLUSIONS Ecology is almost always involved in speciation, however, it would seem to have had a little role in species generation within Isolona and Monodora at the scale analyzed here. This is consistent with the geographical speciation model for TRF diversification. These results contrast to other studies for non-TRF plant species where ecological speciation was found to be an important factor of diversification. The Pliocene period appears to be a vital time in the generation of African TRF diversity, whereas Pleistocene climatic fluctuations have had a smaller role on speciation than previously thought.Ecological niche modeling, species level phylogeny, ecological speciation, African tropics, Isolona, Monodora, Annonaceae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L P Couvreur
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIA-DE, DYNADIV researche group, 911, avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Maharjan SK, Poorter L, Holmgren M, Bongers F, Wieringa JJ, Hawthorne WD. Plant Functional Traits and the Distribution of West African Rain Forest Trees along the Rainfall Gradient. Biotropica 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
45
|
Luckow M, Hughes C, Schrire B, Winter P, Fagg C, Fortunato R, Hurter J, Rico L, Breteler FJ, Bruneau A, Caccavari M, Craven L, Crisp M, Delgado AS, Demissew S, Doyle JJ, Grether R, Harris S, Herendeen PS, Hernández HM, Hirsch AM, Jobson R, Klitgaard BB, Labat JN, Lock M, MacKinder B, Pfeil B, Simpson BB, Smith GF, Sousa MS, Timberlake J, van der Maesen JG, Van Wyk AE, Vorster P, Willis CK, Wieringa JJ, Wojciechowski MF. Acacia
: the case against moving the type to Australia. Taxon 2005. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.2307/25065385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Luckow
- L. H. Bailey HortoriumDept. Plant Biology 228 Plant Sciences, Cornell Univ. Ithaca New York 14853 U.S.A
| | | | | | - Pieter Winter
- South African National Biodiversity Inst. Pretoria South Africa
| | - Christopher Fagg
- Univ. BrasilíaFac. TecnologiaDepto. Engenharia FlorestalUniv. Brasilía Brasil
| | - Renee Fortunato
- CONICETInst. Recursos BiológicosCentro Investigación de Recursos NaturalesProv. Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Johan Hurter
- South African National Biodiversity Inst.Lowveld National Bot. Gard. Nelspruit South Africa
| | | | - Frans J. Breteler
- Nationaal Herb. NederlandWageningen Univ. Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Inst. Recherche en Biologie VégétaleUniv. Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | - Lyn Craven
- Australian National Herb.Centre Plant Biodiversity ResearchCSIRO Plant Industry Canberra Australia
| | - Mike Crisp
- School Botany and ZoologyAustralian National Univ. Canberra Australia
| | - Alfonso S. Delgado
- Depto. BotánicaInst. BiologíaUniv. Nacional Autónoma de México México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Sebsebe Demissew
- National Herb.Biology Dept.Science FacultyAddis Ababa Univ. Ethiopia
| | - Jeffrey J. Doyle
- L. H. Bailey HortoriumDept. Plant Biology 228 Plant Sciences, Cornell Univ. Ithaca New York 14853 U.S.A
| | - Rosaura Grether
- Depto. BiologíaDivisió. CBS, UAM-Iztapalapa México, D.F. México
| | | | | | - Héctor M. Hernández
- Depto. BotánicaInst. BiologíaUniv. Nacional Autónoma de México México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Ann M. Hirsch
- Dept. Molecular, Cell, and Developmental BiologyUniv. California Los Angeles U.S.A
| | - Richard Jobson
- L. H. Bailey HortoriumDept. Plant Biology 228 Plant Sciences, Cornell Univ. Ithaca New York 14853 U.S.A
| | | | - Jean-Noël Labat
- Dépt. Systématique et EvolutionMuseum National D’histoire Naturelle Paris France
| | | | | | - Bernard Pfeil
- L. H. Bailey HortoriumDept. Plant Biology 228 Plant Sciences, Cornell Univ. Ithaca New York 14853 U.S.A
| | | | - Gideon F. Smith
- South African National Biodiversity Inst. Pretoria South Africa
- H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt HerbariumDept. BotanyUniv. Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Mario S. Sousa
- Depto. BotánicaInst. BiologíaUniv. Nacional Autónoma de México México, D.F. Mexico
| | | | | | - A. E. Van Wyk
- H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt HerbariumDept. BotanyUniv. Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Piet Vorster
- Dept. Botany and ZoologyUniv. Stellenbosch Matieland South Africa
| | | | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Nationaal Herb. NederlandWageningen Univ. Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kite GC, Wieringa JJ. Hydroxypipecolic acids and hydroxyprolines as chemical characters in Aphanocalyx, Bikinia and Tetraberlinia (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): support for the segregation of Monopetalanthus. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-1978(02)00152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|