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Possa-Paranhos IC, Butts J, Pyszka E, Nelson C, Cho D, Sweeney P. Neuroanatomical dissection of the MC3R circuitry regulating energy rheostasis. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.22.590573. [PMID: 38712101 PMCID: PMC11071362 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Although mammals resist both acute weight loss and weight gain, the neural circuitry mediating bi-directional defense against weight change is incompletely understood. Global constitutive deletion of the melanocortin-3-receptor (MC3R) impairs the behavioral response to both anorexic and orexigenic stimuli, with MC3R knockout mice demonstrating increased weight gain following anabolic challenges and increased weight loss following anorexic challenges (i.e. impaired energy rheostasis). However, the brain regions mediating this phenotype remain incompletely understood. Here, we utilized MC3R floxed mice and viral injections of Cre-recombinase to selectively delete MC3R from medial hypothalamus (MH) in adult mice. Behavioral assays were performed on these animals to test the role of MC3R in MH in the acute response to orexigenic and anorexic challenges. Complementary chemogenetic approaches were used in MC3R-Cre mice to localize and characterize the specific medial hypothalamic brain regions mediating the role of MC3R in energy homeostasis. Finally, we performed RNAscope in situ hybridization to map changes in the mRNA expression of MC3R, POMC, and AgRP following energy rheostatic challenges. Our results demonstrate that MC3R deletion in MH increased feeding and weight gain following acute high fat diet feeding in males, and enhanced the anorexic effects of semaglutide, in a sexually dimorphic manner. Additionally, activation of DMH MC3R neurons increased energy expenditure and locomotion. Together, these results demonstrate that MC3R mediated effects on energy rheostasis result from the loss of MC3R signaling in the medial hypothalamus of adult animals and suggest an important role for DMH MC3R signaling in energy rheostasis. Key Points: MC3R signaling regulates energy rheostasis in adult miceMedial hypothalamus regulates energy rheostasis in adult miceEnergy rheostasis alters mRNA levels of AgRP and MC3R in DMHDMH MC3R neurons increase locomotion and energy expenditureMC3R expression in DMH is sexually dimorphic.
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Gaudeul M, Sweeney P, Munzinger J. An updated infrageneric classification of the pantropical species-rich genus Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) and some insights into the systematics of New Caledonian species, based on molecular and morphological evidence. PhytoKeys 2024; 239:73-105. [PMID: 38523734 PMCID: PMC10960151 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.239.112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Garcinia L. is a pantropically distributed genus comprised of at least 250 species of shrubs and trees and has centers of diversity located in Africa/Madagascar, Australasia, and Southeast Asia. The genus is notable due to its extreme diversity of floral form, common presence in lowland tropical rainforests worldwide, and potential pharmacological value. Across its entire geographic range, Garcinia lacks a recent taxonomic revision, with the last genus-level taxonomic treatment of Garcinia conducted over 40 years ago. In order to provide an evolutionary-based framework for a revised infrageneric classification of the genus and to investigate in more detail the systematics of New Caledonian species, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequence data for the nuclear ITS region on all samples, and for three chloroplast intergenic spacers (psbM-trnD, trnQ-rps16 and rps16-trnK) on a subset of our overall sampling. Our phylogenetic analyses are the most comprehensive to date for the genus, containing 111 biogeographically and morphologically diverse Garcinia species. The analyses support a broad circumscription of Garcinia, including several previously segregated genera (e.g. Allanblackia, Clusianthemum, Ochrocarpos p.p., Pentaphalangium, Rheedia, and Tripetalum). We recovered nine major clades falling within two major lineages, and we delimit 11 sections. We discuss each of the clades, assign them sectional names, discuss their distinguishing morphological features, compare our taxonomic treatment with the most recent sectional treatment, list representative species, note geographic distribution, and highlight some questions that deserve future investigations. We propose nine new nomenclatural combinations, four new names, and three new lectotypes. In New Caledonia (NC), a total of ten, all endemic, species are recognized and were included in our phylogenetic analyses, with several replicates per species (with the exception of G.virgata and G.urceolata, represented by a single accession each). New Caledonian species were retrieved within three separate clades, respectively including 1) G.balansae; 2) G.comptonii, G.neglecta, G.urceolata, G.virgata; and 3) G.amplexicaulis, G.densiflora, G.pedicellata, G.puat, G.vieillardii. Within NC, the phylogenies did not support the distinction between a putative undescribed species and G.balansae. However, it confirmed the distinction between NC species and both G.vitiensis (found in Fiji and Vanuatu) and G.adinantha (found in Fiji), suggesting that all NC species should be considered as endemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Gaudeul
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, FranceMuséum National d’Histoire Naturelle-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UAParisFrance
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Yale Peabody Museum, Yale University, 170 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USAYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States of America
| | - Jérôme Munzinger
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, CNRS, Montpellier, FranceUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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Gui Y, Dahir NS, Wu Y, Downing G, Sweeney P, Cone RD. Melanocortin-3 receptor expression in AgRP neurons is required for normal activation of the neurons in response to energy deficiency. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113188. [PMID: 37792535 PMCID: PMC10728878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is a negative regulator of the central melanocortin circuitry via presynaptic expression on agouti-related protein (AgRP) nerve terminals, from where it regulates GABA release onto secondary MC4R-expressing neurons. However, MC3R knockout (KO) mice also exhibit defective behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to fasting. Here, we demonstrate that MC3R KO mice exhibit defective activation of AgRP neurons in response to fasting, cold exposure, or ghrelin while exhibiting normal inhibition of AgRP neurons by sensory detection of food in the ad libitum-fed state. Using a conditional MC3R KO model, we show that the control of AgRP neuron activation by fasting and ghrelin requires the specific presence of MC3R within AgRP neurons. Thus, MC3R is a crucial player in the responsiveness of the AgRP soma to both hormonal and neuronal signals of energy need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Gui
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Naima S Dahir
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Yanan Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Griffin Downing
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801-3633, USA
| | - Roger D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA.
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Muheilan M, Sharif A, MacCraith E, Alhajahjeh R, Power D, Hennessey D, Sweeney P. Smoking is an independent risk factor for skin flap complications following inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer. Ir Med J 2023; 116:835. [PMID: 37791702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
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Cho D, O'Berry K, Possa-Paranhos IC, Butts J, Palanikumar N, Sweeney P. Paraventricular Thalamic MC3R Circuits Link Energy Homeostasis with Anxiety-Related Behavior. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6280-6296. [PMID: 37591737 PMCID: PMC10490510 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0704-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic melanocortin system is critically involved in sensing stored energy and communicating this information throughout the brain, including to brain regions controlling motivation and emotion. This system consists of first-order agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and downstream neurons containing the melanocortin-3 (MC3R) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). Although extensive work has characterized the function of downstream MC4R neurons, the identity and function of MC3R-containing neurons are poorly understood. Here, we used neuroanatomical and circuit manipulation approaches in mice to identify a novel pathway linking hypothalamic melanocortin neurons to melanocortin-3 receptor neurons located in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) in male and female mice. MC3R neurons in PVT are innervated by hypothalamic AgRP and POMC neurons and are activated by anorexigenic and aversive stimuli. Consistently, chemogenetic activation of PVT MC3R neurons increases anxiety-related behavior and reduces feeding in hungry mice, whereas inhibition of PVT MC3R neurons reduces anxiety-related behavior. These studies position PVT MC3R neurons as important cellular substrates linking energy status with neural circuitry regulating anxiety-related behavior and represent a promising potential target for diseases at the intersection of metabolism and anxiety-related behavior such as anorexia nervosa.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Animals must constantly adapt their behavior to changing internal and external challenges, and impairments in appropriately responding to these challenges are a hallmark of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we demonstrate that paraventricular thalamic neurons containing the melanocortin-3 receptor respond to energy-state-related information and external challenges to regulate anxiety-related behavior in mice. Thus, these neurons represent a potential target for understanding the neurobiology of disorders at the intersection of metabolism and psychiatry such as anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajin Cho
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Kyle O'Berry
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Ingrid Camila Possa-Paranhos
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Jared Butts
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Naraen Palanikumar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Sweeney P, Gimenez LE, Hernandez CC, Cone RD. Targeting the central melanocortin system for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:507-519. [PMID: 37365323 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A large body of preclinical and clinical data shows that the central melanocortin system is a promising therapeutic target for treating various metabolic disorders such as obesity and cachexia, as well as anorexia nervosa. Setmelanotide, which functions by engaging the central melanocortin circuitry, was approved by the FDA in 2020 for use in certain forms of syndromic obesity. Furthermore, the FDA approvals in 2019 of two peptide drugs targeting melanocortin receptors for the treatment of generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (bremelanotide) and erythropoietic protoporphyria-associated phototoxicity (afamelanotide) demonstrate the safety of this class of peptides. These approvals have also renewed excitement in the development of therapeutics targeting the melanocortin system. Here, we review the anatomy and function of the melanocortin system, discuss progress and challenges in developing melanocortin receptor-based therapeutics, and outline potential metabolic and behavioural disorders that could be addressed using pharmacological agents targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sweeney
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Luis E Gimenez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Roger D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Gui Y, Dahir NS, Downing G, Sweeney P, Cone RD. Cell autonomous regulation of the activation of AgRP neurons by the melanocortin-3 receptor. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.28.546874. [PMID: 37425887 PMCID: PMC10327035 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is a negative regulator of the central melanocortin circuitry via presynaptic expression on AgRP nerve terminals, from where it regulates GABA release onto secondary MC4R-expressing neurons. Hence, animals lacking MC3R (MC3R KO) exhibit hypersensitivity to MC4R agonists. However, MC3R KO mice also exhibit defective behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to fasting. Here, we demonstrate that MC3R KO mice exhibit defective activation of AgRP neurons in response to fasting and cold exposure, while exhibiting normal inhibition of AgRP neurons by sensory detection of food. Further, using an AgRP-specific MC3R knockout model, we show that the control of AgRP neuron activation by MC3R is cell-autonomous. One mechanism underlying this involves the response to ghrelin, which is also blunted in mice with AgRP-specific deletion of the MC3R. Thus, MC3R is a crucial player in the control of energy homeostasis by the central melanocortin system, not only acting presynaptically on AgRP neurons, but via AgRP cell-autonomous regulation of fasting- and cold-induced neuronal activation as well.
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Possa-Paranhos IC, Catalbas K, Butts J, O’Berry K, Sweeney P. Establishment of Restraint Stress-induced Anorexia and Social Isolation-induced Anorexia Mouse Models. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4597. [PMID: 36789167 PMCID: PMC9901481 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a devastating neuropsychiatric disease with a prevalence rate of approximately 0.3%-1% among women and morbidity and mortality rates among the highest of all neuropsychiatric disorders. The disease etiology is complex but primarily characterized by reduced food intake and body weight, and intense anxiety and fear associated with gaining weight. Existing rodent models of AN are useful and capture features of the disease, but either require specialized genetic mouse models or are difficult to implement in mice. Here, we describe two simple mouse models of stress-induced anorexia that are easy to implement in basic research labs, and capture core features associated with AN, such as reduced food intake in the context of social/physical stress and increased anxiety-related behavior. These protocols provide reproducible and robust assays for stress-induced anorexia and may be implemented with additional assays to probe the neural circuitry mediating the effects of psychological stress on feeding in mice. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Camila Possa-Paranhos
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Kerem Catalbas
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Jared Butts
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Kyle O’Berry
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Albani Rocchetti G, Carta A, Mondoni A, Godefroid S, Davis CC, Caneva G, Albrecht MA, Alvarado K, Bijmoer R, Borosova R, Bräuchler C, Breman E, Briggs M, Buord S, Cave LH, Da Silva NG, Davey AH, Davies RM, Dickie JB, Fabillo M, Fleischmann A, Franks A, Hall G, Kantvilas G, Klak C, Liu U, Medina L, Reinhammar LG, Sebola RJ, Schönberger I, Sweeney P, Voglmayr H, White A, Wieringa JJ, Zippel E, Abeli T. Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nat Plants 2022; 8:1385-1393. [PMID: 36536014 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Resurrecting extinct species is a fascinating and challenging idea for scientists and the general public. Whereas some theoretical progress has been made for animals, the resurrection of extinct plants (de-extinction sensu lato) is a relatively recently discussed topic. In this context, the term 'de-extinction' is used sensu lato to refer to the resurrection of 'extinct in the wild' species from seeds or tissues preserved in herbaria, as we acknowledge the current impossibility of knowing a priori whether a herbarium seed is alive and can germinate. In plants, this could be achieved by germinating or in vitro tissue-culturing old diaspores such as seeds or spores available in herbarium specimens. This paper reports the first list of plant de-extinction candidates based on the actual availability of seeds in herbarium specimens of globally extinct plants. We reviewed globally extinct seed plants using online resources and additional literature on national red lists, resulting in a list of 361 extinct taxa. We then proposed a method of prioritizing candidates for seed-plant de-extinction from diaspores found in herbarium specimens and complemented this with a phylogenetic approach to identify species that may maximize evolutionarily distinct features. Finally, combining data on seed storage behaviour and longevity, as well as specimen age in the novel 'best de-extinction candidate' score (DEXSCO), we identified 556 herbarium specimens belonging to 161 extinct species with available seeds. We expect that this list of de-extinction candidates and the novel approach to rank them will boost research efforts towards the first-ever plant de-extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Mondoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sandrine Godefroid
- Research Department, Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
- Service général de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique, Fédération Wallonie, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Biogeochemistry, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles C Davis
- Department of Organismic Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Caneva
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthew A Albrecht
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karla Alvarado
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Roxali Bijmoer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Botany Section, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Elinor Breman
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst; Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, UK
| | | | - Stephane Buord
- Conservatoire botanique national de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Nílber Gonçalves Da Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rachael M Davies
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Seed and Lab-Based Collections, Sussex, UK
| | - John B Dickie
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Seed and Lab-Based Collections, Sussex, UK
| | - Melodina Fabillo
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens Mt Coot-tha, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Fleischmann
- Botanische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-BSM), and GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew Franks
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane Botanic Gardens Mt Coot-tha, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Hall
- Centre sur la biodiversité de l'Université de Montréal (CITES CA-035), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gintaras Kantvilas
- Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Cornelia Klak
- Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Udayangani Liu
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, West Sussex, England, UK
| | | | | | - Ramagwai J Sebola
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; WITS, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ines Schönberger
- Allan Herbarium, Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hermann Voglmayr
- Department for Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adam White
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Botany Section, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Zippel
- Dahlem Seed Bank, Botanical Garden and Botanic Museum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Abeli
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Bedenbaugh MN, Brener SC, Maldonado J, Lippert RN, Sweeney P, Cone RD, Simerly RB. Cover Image, Volume 530, Issue 16. J Comp Neurol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.25408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bedenbaugh MN, Brener SC, Maldonado J, Lippert RN, Sweeney P, Cone RD, Simerly RB. Organization of neural systems expressing melanocortin-3 receptors in the mouse brain: Evidence for sexual dimorphism. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2835-2851. [PMID: 35770983 PMCID: PMC9724692 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The central melanocortin system is fundamentally important for controlling food intake and energy homeostasis. Melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is one of two major receptors of the melanocortin system found in the brain. In contrast to the well-characterized melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), little is known regarding the organization of MC3R-expressing neural circuits. To increase our understanding of the intrinsic organization of MC3R neural circuits, identify specific differences between males and females, and gain a neural systems level perspective of this circuitry, we conducted a brain-wide mapping of neurons labeled for MC3R and characterized the distribution of their projections. Analysis revealed MC3R neuronal and terminal labeling in multiple brain regions that control a diverse range of physiological functions and behavioral processes. Notably, dense labeling was observed in the hypothalamus, as well as areas that share considerable connections with the hypothalamus, including the cortex, amygdala, thalamus, and brainstem. Additionally, MC3R neuronal labeling was sexually dimorphic in several areas, including the anteroventral periventricular area, arcuate nucleus, principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and ventral premammillary region. Altogether, anatomical evidence reported here suggests that MC3R has the potential to influence several different classes of motivated behavior that are essential for survival, including ingestive, reproductive, defensive, and arousal behaviors, and is likely to modulate these behaviors differently in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N. Bedenbaugh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samantha C. Brener
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jose Maldonado
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel N. Lippert
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger D. Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard B. Simerly
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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12
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Baran SW, Bratcher N, Dennis J, Gaburro S, Karlsson EM, Maguire S, Makidon P, Noldus LPJJ, Potier Y, Rosati G, Ruiter M, Schaevitz L, Sweeney P, LaFollette MR. Emerging Role of Translational Digital Biomarkers Within Home Cage Monitoring Technologies in Preclinical Drug Discovery and Development. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:758274. [PMID: 35242017 PMCID: PMC8885444 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.758274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In drug discovery and development, traditional assessment of human patients and preclinical subjects occurs at limited time points in potentially stressful surroundings (i.e., the clinic or a test arena), which can impact data quality and welfare. However, recent advances in remote digital monitoring technologies enable the assessment of human patients and preclinical subjects across multiple time points in familiar surroundings. The ability to monitor a patient throughout disease progression provides an opportunity for more relevant and efficient diagnosis as well as improved assessment of drug efficacy and safety. In preclinical in vivo animal models, these digital technologies allow for continuous, longitudinal, and non-invasive monitoring in the home environment. This manuscript provides an overview of digital monitoring technologies for use in preclinical studies including their history and evolution, current engagement through use cases, and impact of digital biomarkers (DBs) on drug discovery and the 3Rs. We also discuss barriers to implementation and strategies to overcome them. Finally, we address data consistency and technology standards from the perspective of technology providers, end-users, and subject matter experts. Overall, this review establishes an improved understanding of the value and implementation of digital biomarker (DB) technologies in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szczepan W. Baran
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Szczepan W. Baran,
| | - Natalie Bratcher
- Office of Global Animal Welfare, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John Dennis
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Sean Maguire
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Paul Makidon
- Comparative Medicine, AbbVie, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lucas P. J. J. Noldus
- Noldus Information Technology BV, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biophysics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yohann Potier
- Tessera Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Matt Ruiter
- Unified Information Devices Inc., Lake Villa, IL, United States
| | - Laura Schaevitz
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Actual Analytics Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Naason Science, Inc., Cheongju-si, South Korea
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13
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Lam BYH, Williamson A, Finer S, Day FR, Tadross JA, Gonçalves Soares A, Wade K, Sweeney P, Bedenbaugh MN, Porter DT, Melvin A, Ellacott KLJ, Lippert RN, Buller S, Rosmaninho-Salgado J, Dowsett GKC, Ridley KE, Xu Z, Cimino I, Rimmington D, Rainbow K, Duckett K, Holmqvist S, Khan A, Dai X, Bochukova EG, Trembath RC, Martin HC, Coll AP, Rowitch DH, Wareham NJ, van Heel DA, Timpson N, Simerly RB, Ong KK, Cone RD, Langenberg C, Perry JRB, Yeo GS, O'Rahilly S. MC3R links nutritional state to childhood growth and the timing of puberty. Nature 2021; 599:436-441. [PMID: 34732894 PMCID: PMC8819628 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The state of somatic energy stores in metazoans is communicated to the brain, which regulates key aspects of behaviour, growth, nutrient partitioning and development1. The central melanocortin system acts through melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) to control appetite, food intake and energy expenditure2. Here we present evidence that MC3R regulates the timing of sexual maturation, the rate of linear growth and the accrual of lean mass, which are all energy-sensitive processes. We found that humans who carry loss-of-function mutations in MC3R, including a rare homozygote individual, have a later onset of puberty. Consistent with previous findings in mice, they also had reduced linear growth, lean mass and circulating levels of IGF1. Mice lacking Mc3r had delayed sexual maturation and an insensitivity of reproductive cycle length to nutritional perturbation. The expression of Mc3r is enriched in hypothalamic neurons that control reproduction and growth, and expression increases during postnatal development in a manner that is consistent with a role in the regulation of sexual maturation. These findings suggest a bifurcating model of nutrient sensing by the central melanocortin pathway with signalling through MC4R controlling the acquisition and retention of calories, whereas signalling through MC3R primarily regulates the disposition of calories into growth, lean mass and the timing of sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y H Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Williamson
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Finer
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - F R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A Tadross
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Gonçalves Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K Wade
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - P Sweeney
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M N Bedenbaugh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D T Porter
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Melvin
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K L J Ellacott
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - R N Lippert
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Buller
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Rosmaninho-Salgado
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G K C Dowsett
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K E Ridley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Z Xu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Cimino
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Rimmington
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Rainbow
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Duckett
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Holmqvist
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Khan
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - X Dai
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - E G Bochukova
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - R C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - H C Martin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - A P Coll
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - D H Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D A van Heel
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - N Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R B Simerly
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G S Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - S O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
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14
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O’Connell C, Yap L, Richards H, Sweeney P. Left behind? Handedness and operative habits of Irish Urology trainees. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(21)00240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Sweeney P, Bedenbaugh MN, Maldonado J, Pan P, Fowler K, Williams SY, Gimenez LE, Ghamari-Langroudi M, Downing G, Gui Y, Hadley CK, Joy ST, Mapp AK, Simerly RB, Cone RD. The melanocortin-3 receptor is a pharmacological target for the regulation of anorexia. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/590/eabd6434. [PMID: 33883274 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd6434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ablation of hypothalamic AgRP (Agouti-related protein) neurons is known to lead to fatal anorexia, whereas their activation stimulates voracious feeding and suppresses other motivational states including fear and anxiety. Despite the critical role of AgRP neurons in bidirectionally controlling feeding, there are currently no therapeutics available specifically targeting this circuitry. The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is expressed in multiple brain regions and exhibits sexual dimorphism of expression in some of those regions in both mice and humans. MC3R deletion produced multiple forms of sexually dimorphic anorexia that resembled aspects of human anorexia nervosa. However, there was no sexual dimorphism in the expression of MC3R in AgRP neurons, 97% of which expressed MC3R. Chemogenetic manipulation of arcuate MC3R neurons and pharmacologic manipulation of MC3R each exerted potent bidirectional regulation over feeding behavior in male and female mice, whereas global ablation of MC3R-expressing cells produced fatal anorexia. Pharmacological effects of MC3R compounds on feeding were dependent on intact AgRP circuitry in the mice. Thus, the dominant effect of MC3R appears to be the regulation of the AgRP circuitry in both male and female mice, with sexually dimorphic sites playing specialized and subordinate roles in feeding behavior. Therefore, MC3R is a potential therapeutic target for disorders characterized by anorexia, as well as a potential target for weight loss therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sweeney
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michelle N Bedenbaugh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jose Maldonado
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Pauline Pan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katelyn Fowler
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Luis E Gimenez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Griffin Downing
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, School of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yijun Gui
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, School of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Colleen K Hadley
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen T Joy
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna K Mapp
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Chemistry, School of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard B Simerly
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
| | - Roger D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. .,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, School of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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16
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Anderson S, Breen KJ, Davis NF, Deady S, Sweeney P. Penile cancer in Ireland - A national review. Surgeon 2021; 20:187-193. [PMID: 34034967 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Penile cancer is a rare malignancy, with a reported incidence of 1.5/100,000 males in the Republic of Ireland in 2015. The aim of this study was to perform the first national review and to evaluate clinicopathological factors affecting survival. SUBJECTS AND METHODS All cases of penile cancer in Ireland between 1995 and 2010 were identified through the National Cancer Registry Ireland (NCRI) and analysed to identify factors affecting survival. RESULTS 360 cases of penile cancer were identified, with a mean age at diagnosis of 65.5 years and 88% (n = 315) of cases occurred in those over 50. 91% (n = 328) of cases were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The majority of patients were treated surgically (n = 289), with 57% (n = 206) and 24% (n = 87) undergoing partial penectomy and total penectomy respectively. Only 18% (n = 65) received radiotherapy, and 8% (n = 27) received chemotherapy. Mean overall survival (OS) was 113 months, and five year disease specific survival (DSS) was 70% (95%CI: 59.1-77.8%). Age at diagnosis, nodal status and presence of metastatic disease were independent prognostic markers on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION This study represents the first national review of penile cancer in Ireland. The annual incidence and survival rates are comparable to European figures, though superior DSS has previously been reported from our institution, highlighting the role for centralisation of care in Ireland. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anderson
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - K J Breen
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - N F Davis
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - S Deady
- National Cancer Registry of Ireland, Ireland
| | - P Sweeney
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Co. Cork, Ireland
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17
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Basu A, Phone A, Bice T, Sweeney P, Acharya L, Suri Y, Chan AS, Nandagopal L, Garje R, Zakharia Y, Kilari D, Koshkin VS, De Shazo MR, Barata PC, Desai A. Change in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of treatment failure in renal cell carcinoma patients: Analysis of the IROC (Investigating RCC Outcomes) cohort. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
344 Background: IROC is an expanding multi-institution collaborative database which includes socioeconomic, genomic, pathologic, clinical and laboratory data in metastatic RCC patients (pts), primarily in the modern setting. Elevated baseline NLR is now an established poor prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but currently has limited practical use. We hypothesized that an increase in NLR of 3 or more (NLR Failure) at 2 months on therapy could be a predictor of eventual treatment failure and shorter overall survival and thus augment the utility of this marker. Methods: Patients with complete data on NLR at time = 0 and +2 months of therapy were analyzed. Information on comorbidities, previous therapy, demographics were collected for adjusted analysis. NLR failure was defined as an increase of 3 or more compared to baseline NLR. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the risk of progression and death with NLR failure at 2 months (+/- 2 weeks). Kaplan Meier graphs were constructed to trace survival functions for PFS and OS by NLR. Results: Among 165 pts; 121 were eligible (Table). NLR failure at 2 months was associated with a highly statistically significant increase in the risk of death in < 1 year (HR 6.82, 95% CI [3.16-14.70], p<0.001). In a model adjusted for NLR change, the value of baseline NLR to predict OS <1 year was non-significant (HR 1.02, p = 0.65). Similarly, NLR failure increased the risk of treatment failure in less than 6 months (HR 4.83 95% CI [ 2.29-10 .19], p<0.001), while baseline NLR did not predict it (HR 1.03, p = 0.34). These findings were unaffected by immunotherapy vs TKI therapy. NLR failure at 2 months had a 78% (11/14) positive predictive value for survival <1 year and 86% (12/14) [p=.0001] for treatment failure in 6 months. Conclusions: In this multi-institutional cohort of RCC pts; an increase in NLR of 3 or more at 2 months following therapy start predicts for an increasing risk of death and impending treatment failure with a high PPV. The prognostic value of baseline NLR is non-significant when adjusting for NLR change. NLR failure should be validated in prospective studies and could have clinical utility in management of RCC pts. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Basu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | | | - Yash Suri
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vadim S Koshkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Arpita Desai
- University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
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18
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Heikkinen T, Bragge T, Bhattarai N, Parkkari T, Puoliväli J, Kontkanen O, Sweeney P, Park LC, Munoz-Sanjuan I. Rapid and robust patterns of spontaneous locomotor deficits in mouse models of Huntington's disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243052. [PMID: 33370315 PMCID: PMC7769440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe disruption of cognitive and motor functions, including changes in posture and gait. A number of HD mouse models have been engineered that display behavioral and neuropathological features of the disease, but gait alterations in these models are poorly characterized. Sensitive high-throughput tests of fine motor function and gait in mice might be informative in evaluating disease-modifying interventions. Here, we describe a hypothesis-free workflow that determines progressively changing locomotor patterns across 79 parameters in the R6/2 and Q175 mouse models of HD. R6/2 mice (120 CAG repeats) showed motor disturbances as early as at 4 weeks of age. Similar disturbances were observed in homozygous and heterozygous Q175 KI mice at 3 and 6 months of age, respectively. Interestingly, only the R6/2 mice developed forelimb ataxia. The principal components of the behavioral phenotypes produced two phenotypic scores of progressive postural instability based on kinematic parameters and trajectory waveform data, which were shared by both HD models. This approach adds to the available HD mouse model research toolbox and has a potential to facilitate the development of therapeutics for HD and other debilitating movement disorders with high unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timo Bragge
- Charles River Discovery Services, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Bhattarai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Larry C Park
- Naason Science Inc., Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.,CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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19
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Pearson KD, Nelson G, Aronson MFJ, Bonnet P, Brenskelle L, Davis CC, Denny EG, Ellwood ER, Goëau H, Heberling JM, Joly A, Lorieul T, Mazer SJ, Meineke EK, Stucky BJ, Sweeney P, White AE, Soltis PS. Machine Learning Using Digitized Herbarium Specimens to Advance Phenological Research. Bioscience 2020; 70:610-620. [PMID: 32665738 PMCID: PMC7340542 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) has great potential to drive scientific discovery by harvesting data from images of herbarium specimens—preserved plant material curated in natural history collections—but ML techniques have only recently been applied to this rich resource. ML has particularly strong prospects for the study of plant phenological events such as growth and reproduction. As a major indicator of climate change, driver of ecological processes, and critical determinant of plant fitness, plant phenology is an important frontier for the application of ML techniques for science and society. In the present article, we describe a generalized, modular ML workflow for extracting phenological data from images of herbarium specimens, and we discuss the advantages, limitations, and potential future improvements of this workflow. Strategic research and investment in specimen-based ML methods, along with the aggregation of herbarium specimen data, may give rise to a better understanding of life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin D Pearson
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Gil Nelson
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Myla F J Aronson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Pierre Bonnet
- AMAP, the University of Montpellier and with The French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des végétations in Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Brenskelle
- Florida Museum of Natural History, the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Ellen G Denny
- US National Phenology Network and with the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Elizabeth R Ellwood
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hervé Goëau
- AMAP, the University of Montpellier and with The French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des végétations in Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alexis Joly
- Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Zenith team, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Montpellier, France
| | - Titouan Lorieul
- Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Zenith team, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Montpellier, France
| | - Susan J Mazer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, the University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Emily K Meineke
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, the University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brian J Stucky
- Florida Museum of Natural History, the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alexander E White
- Department of Botany and the Data Science Lab, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History and with the University of Florida Biodiversity Institute, the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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20
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Izzeldin S, Nason GJ, Elamin M, Brady CM, Power D, Sweeney P. Major Oncological Surgery (Radical Cystectomy) in Octogenarians- is it Safe? Ir Med J 2019; 112:1010. [PMID: 31651215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Izzeldin
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - G J Nason
- Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Elamin
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - C M Brady
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - D Power
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - P Sweeney
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Huhtala T, Poutiainen P, Rytkönen J, Lehtimäki K, Parkkari T, Kasanen I, Airaksinen AJ, Koivula T, Sweeney P, Kontkanen O, Wityak J, Dominiquez C, Park LC. Improved synthesis of [ 18F] fallypride and characterization of a Huntington's disease mouse model, zQ175DN KI, using longitudinal PET imaging of D2/D3 receptors. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:20. [PMID: 31659519 PMCID: PMC6682833 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dopamine receptors are involved in pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Huntington’s disease (HD). PET imaging of dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) in HD patients has demonstrated 40% decrease in D2R binding in striatum, and D2R could be a reliable quantitative target to monitor disease progression. A D2/3R antagonist, [18F] fallypride, is a high-affinity radioligand that has been clinically used to study receptor density and occupancy in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we report an improved synthesis method for [18F]fallypride. In addition, high molar activity of the ligand has allowed us to apply PET imaging to characterize D2/D3 receptor density in striatum of the recently developed zQ175DN knock-in (KI) mouse model of HD. Methods We longitudinally characterized in vivo [18F] fallypride -PET imaging of D2/D3 receptor densities in striatum of 9 and 12 month old wild type (WT) and heterozygous (HET) zQ175DN KI mouse. Furthermore, we verified the D2/D3 receptor density in striatum with [3H] fallypride autoradiography at 12 months of age. Results We implemented an improved synthesis method for [18F] fallypride to yield high molar activity (MA, 298–360 GBq/μmol) and good reproducibility. In the HET zQ175DN KI mice, we observed a significant longitudinal decrease in binding potential (BPND) (30.2%, p < 0.001, 9 months of age and 51.6%, p < 0.001, 12 months of age) compared to WT littermates. No mass effect was observed when the MA of [18F] fallypride was > 100 GBq/μmol at the time of injection. Furthermore, the decrease of D2/D3 receptor density in striatum in HET zQ175DN KI was consistent using [3H] fallypride autoradiography. Conclusions We observed a significant decrease in D2/D3R receptor densities in the striatum of HET zQ175DN KI mice compared to WT mice at 9 and 12 months of age. These results are in line with clinical findings in HD patients, suggesting [18F] fallypride PET imaging has potential as a quantitative translational approach to monitor disease progression in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuulia Huhtala
- Charles River Discovery Services, Microkatu 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Pekka Poutiainen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Rytkönen
- Charles River Discovery Services, Microkatu 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kimmo Lehtimäki
- Charles River Discovery Services, Microkatu 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teija Parkkari
- Charles River Discovery Services, Microkatu 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iiris Kasanen
- Charles River Discovery Services, Microkatu 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu J Airaksinen
- Department of Chemistry - Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teija Koivula
- Department of Chemistry - Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Charles River Discovery Services, Microkatu 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Outi Kontkanen
- Charles River Discovery Services, Microkatu 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - John Wityak
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Larry C Park
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Sweeney P. Building Political Support for Your Library Through Surfacing. Journal of Library Administration 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01930826.2018.1516947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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O’Dea A, Sondergard C, Sweeney P, Arnatt CK. A Series of Indole-Thiazole Derivatives Act as GPER Agonists and Inhibit Breast Cancer Cell Growth. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:901-906. [PMID: 30258538 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER, GPR30) represents a promising target for the treatment of estrogen receptor α and β negative breast cancers. Previously reported agonists of GPER have shown that activation of GPER inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation. We report herein a new GPER agonist scaffold based upon in silico pharmacophore screening. Three of these compounds were found to increase cAMP at similar levels as the known GPER-selective agonist G-1. Compound 5 was found to be selective for GPER (over estrogen receptor α and β) and inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation at levels consistent with G-1. Docking studies go on to suggest that both 5 and G-1 bind within the same binding pocket in GPER and point to possible key residues that are important in GPER activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin O’Dea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri United States
| | - Chelsea Sondergard
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri United States
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri United States
| | - Christopher Kent Arnatt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri United States
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Ghamari-Langroudi M, Cakir I, Lippert RN, Sweeney P, Litt MJ, Ellacott KLJ, Cone RD. Regulation of energy rheostasis by the melanocortin-3 receptor. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaat0866. [PMID: 30140740 PMCID: PMC6105298 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Like most homeostatic systems, adiposity in mammals is defended between upper and lower boundary conditions. While leptin and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling are required for defending energy set point, mechanisms controlling upper and lower homeostatic boundaries are less well understood. In contrast to the MC4R, deletion of the MC3R does not produce measurable hyperphagia or hypometabolism under normal conditions. However, we demonstrate that MC3R is required bidirectionally for controlling responses to external homeostatic challenges, such as caloric restriction or calorie-rich diet. MC3R is also required for regulated excursion from set point, or rheostasis, during pregnancy. Further, we demonstrate a molecular mechanism: MC3R provides regulatory inputs to melanocortin signaling, acting presynaptically on agouti-related protein neurons to regulate γ-aminobutyric acid release onto anorexigenic MC4R neurons, exerting boundary control on the activity of MC4R neurons. Thus, the MC3R is a critical regulator of boundary controls on melanocortin signaling, providing rheostatic control on energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.G.-L.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Isin Cakir
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2216, USA
| | - Rachel N. Lippert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2216, USA
| | - Michael J. Litt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kate L. J. Ellacott
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Roger D. Cone
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–2216, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.G.-L.); (R.D.C.)
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25
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Sweeney P. Teaching qualitative inquiry to ignite the social psychological imagination. Qualitative Psychology 2018. [DOI: 10.1037/qup0000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Glaze S, Ghatage P, Desmarais S, Kohut R, Sweeney P, Perrier R. GO- BRCA : A collaborative service model to improve access to ovarian cancer genetic testing. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Nelson G, Sweeney P, Gilbert E. Use of globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) to link herbarium specimen records to physical specimens. Appl Plant Sci 2018; 6:e1027. [PMID: 29732258 PMCID: PMC5851565 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the U.S. National Science Foundation's Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections program and related worldwide digitization initiatives, the rate of herbarium specimen digitization in the United States has expanded exponentially. As the number of electronic herbarium records proliferates, the importance of linking these records to the physical specimens they represent as well as to related records from other sources will intensify. Although a rich and diverse literature has developed over the past decade that addresses the use of specimen identifiers for facilitating linking across the internet, few implementable guidelines or recommended practices for herbaria have been advanced. Here we review this literature with the express purpose of distilling a specific set of recommendations especially tailored to herbarium specimen digitization, curation, and management. We argue that associating globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) with physical herbarium specimens and including these identifiers in all electronic records about those specimens is essential to effective digital data curation. We also address practical applications for ensuring these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Nelson
- iDigBioFlorida State University142 Collegiate Loop, P.O. Box 3062664TallahasseeFlorida32306‐2664USA
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Division of BotanyPeabody Museum of Natural HistoryYale UniversityP.O. Box 208118New HavenConnecticut06520USA
| | - Edward Gilbert
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityP.O. Box 874501TempeArizona85287USA
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Ariffin NA, Nason GJ, Omer SI, Considine SW, Sweeney P, Power DG. Post-Chemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumour (NSGCT). Ir Med J 2017; 110:647. [PMID: 29465837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a significant complication of diabetes, and the most common cause of blindness in people under the age of 65. The National Diabetic Retinal Screening Programme (Diabetic RetinaScreen) was established to detect sight threatening retinopathies. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to determine the barriers to the uptake of Diabetic RetinaScreen, to investigate discrepancies in attendance, if any, between patients whose diabetes care is delivered in a large tertiary referral hospital out-patient setting or in general practice, and to evaluate general practitioner's satisfaction with the service. Older age (OR 1.023, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.046) and complications of diabetes, excluding ocular complications, (OR 2.741, 95% CI 1.158 to 6.489) were associated with increased attendance at Diabetic RetinaScreen. Online referral is now available and the preferred method of referral. Efforts to encourage younger patients who do not yet have complications of diabetes may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Ariffin
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - G J Nason
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - S I Omer
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, IrelandHospital
| | - S W Considine
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, IrelandHospital
| | - P Sweeney
- Department of Urology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, IrelandHospital
| | - D G Power
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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29
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Jonasson D, Irvine S, Starkey S, Su S, Johal R, Sweeney P, Brasher P, Fleetham J, Ayas N, Orenstein T, Ahmed I. SCREENING FOR OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA) IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF): WHAT’S THE BEST TEST? Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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30
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Sweeney P, Yang Y. Neural Circuit Mechanisms Underlying Emotional Regulation of Homeostatic Feeding. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:437-448. [PMID: 28279562 PMCID: PMC5438765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neural circuits controlling feeding and emotional behaviors are intricately and reciprocally connected. Recent technological developments, including cell type-specific optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches, allow functional characterization of genetically defined cell populations and neural circuits in feeding and emotional processes. Here we review recent studies that have utilized circuit-based manipulations to decipher the functional interactions between neural circuits controlling feeding and those controlling emotional processes. Specifically, we highlight newly described neural circuit interactions between classical emotion-related brain regions, such as the hippocampus and amygdala, and homeostatic feeding circuitry in the arcuate nucleus and lateral hypothalamus (LH). Together these circuits will provide a template for future studies to examine functional interactions between feeding and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Yunlei Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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31
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Sweeney P, Park H, Baumann M, Dunlop J, Frydman J, Kopito R, McCampbell A, Leblanc G, Venkateswaran A, Nurmi A, Hodgson R. Protein misfolding in neurodegenerative diseases: implications and strategies. Transl Neurodegener 2017; 6:6. [PMID: 28293421 PMCID: PMC5348787 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-017-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of neurodegenerative proteinopathies is the formation of misfolded protein aggregates that cause cellular toxicity and contribute to cellular proteostatic collapse. Therapeutic options are currently being explored that target different steps in the production and processing of proteins implicated in neurodegenerative disease, including synthesis, chaperone-assisted folding and trafficking, and degradation via the proteasome and autophagy pathways. Other therapies, like mTOR inhibitors and activators of the heat shock response, can rebalance the entire proteostatic network. However, there are major challenges that impact the development of novel therapies, including incomplete knowledge of druggable disease targets and their mechanism of action as well as a lack of biomarkers to monitor disease progression and therapeutic response. A notable development is the creation of collaborative ecosystems that include patients, clinicians, basic and translational researchers, foundations and regulatory agencies to promote scientific rigor and clinical data to accelerate the development of therapies that prevent, reverse or delay the progression of neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sweeney
- Discovery Services, Charles Rivers Laboratories, Wilmington, MA USA
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Hyunsun Park
- Health & Life Science Consulting, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Marc Baumann
- Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John Dunlop
- Neuroscience Innovation Medicines, Astra Zeneca, Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antti Nurmi
- Discovery Services, Charles Rivers Laboratories, Wilmington, MA USA
| | - Robert Hodgson
- Discovery Services, Charles Rivers Laboratories, Wilmington, MA USA
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32
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Oravivattanakul S, Benchaya L, Ahmed A, Itin I, Cooper S, Gostkowski M, Rudolph J, Appleby K, Sweeney P, Fernandez HH, Wu G. Reply to Comment on: Dopamine Transporter (DaT) Scan Utilization in a Movement Disorder Center. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2017; 4:155-156. [DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Srivadee Oravivattanakul
- Center of Neurological Restoration; Department of Neurology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
- Muhammad Ali Parkinson Center; Barrow Neurological Institute; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Lucas Benchaya
- Center of Neurological Restoration; Department of Neurology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Center of Neurological Restoration; Department of Neurology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Ilia Itin
- Center of Neurological Restoration; Department of Neurology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Center of Neurological Restoration; Department of Neurology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Michal Gostkowski
- Center of Neurological Restoration; Department of Neurology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Joseph Rudolph
- Center of Neurological Restoration; Department of Neurology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Kristin Appleby
- Center of Neurological Restoration; Department of Neurology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Center of Neurological Restoration; Department of Neurology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Hubert H. Fernandez
- Center of Neurological Restoration; Department of Neurology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Guiyun Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
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33
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Sweeney P, Qi Y, Xu Z, Yang Y. Activation of hypothalamic astrocytes suppresses feeding without altering emotional states. Glia 2016; 64:2263-2273. [PMID: 27658520 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that hypothalamic astrocytes react to and counteract energy surfeit produced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. However, the functional role of astrocytes in the control of energy states and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) during physiological conditions remain largely underexplored. In the present study, by taking advantage of spatiotemporally precise optogenetic approaches, real-time measurements of extracellular adenosine, and behavioral assays, we find that optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes localized in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) suppresses food intake in a frequency dependent manner with high frequency, but not low frequency, stimulation of astrocytes reducing food intake. Furthermore, stimulation of MBH astrocytes diminishes orexigenic ghrelin or fasting-induced hyperphagia without effecting anxiety-related behavior. Consistent with a frequency dependent role for MBH astrocytes in feeding behavior, optogenetic stimulation of MBH astrocytes increases extracellular levels of adenosine in a frequency dependent manner. Collectively, our results provide new insights into the role of astrocytes in physiological functions during naturally occurring behaviors, such as feeding. GLIA 2016;64:2263-2273.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Yong Qi
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Zhengzhou University People's Hospital (He'nan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zhenping Xu
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Yunlei Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
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Sweeney P, Mutambirwa S, Van An N, Sharma JB, Vanamail P. Flavoxate in the symptomatic treatment of overactive bladder: a meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:3703-3712. [PMID: 27649675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overactive bladder is a syndrome of urinary frequency and urgency, with or without urge incontinence, in the absence of local pathological factors. Since multiple causes are responsible for OAB, it requires proper diagnosis and comprehensive management. For decades, flavoxate is a globally used and accepted molecule by the urologists and the general physicians for the symptomatic treatment of OAB. In spite of its extensive use in OAB, a meta-analysis of the available publications for efficacy, safety and tolerability of flavoxate has not been conducted. This paper evaluates the strength of evidence of clinical effectiveness of safety and tolerability of flavoxate in the symptomatic treatment of OAB. METHODS Review articles, original studies and case reports on MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scirus, internal repository, etc. were searched using the keyword "flavoxate". For the primary outcome, the comparative data of flavoxate versus comparator was extracted for following parameters - overall efficacy and its side effect profile. Similarly as for secondary outcome, data were extracted for flavoxate per se for overall efficacy, frequency, urinary incontinence, mixed incontinence, nocturia, unpleasant urination, stranguria and its side effect profile and were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 2.0. RESULTS In the current meta-analysis, 43 relevant published studies were considered which clearly demonstrated that flavoxate had improved clinical efficacy than placebo, emepronium, propantheline, and phenazopyridine. CONCLUSIONS Amongst all the interventions studied, flavoxate was effective and well-tolerated, with almost negligible side effects, making it worthy of consideration for the treatment of OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sweeney
- Urology Department, Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork, Ireland.
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Hartsell WF, Kapur R, Hartsell SO, Sweeney P, Lopes C, Duggal A, Cohen J, Chang J, Polasani RS, Dunn M, Pankuch M. Feasibility of Proton Beam Therapy for Ocular Melanoma Using a Novel 3D Treatment Planning Technique. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 95:353-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Davis N, Fitzgerald M, Burke J, Breen K, Elamin S, Brady C, Power D, Hegarty P, Sweeney P. Is there a role for the development of a supra-regional network for the management of penile cancer in the Republic of Ireland? Surgeon 2016; 14:82-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sweeney P, Levack R, Watters J, Xu Z, Yang Y. Caffeine increases food intake while reducing anxiety-related behaviors. Appetite 2016; 101:171-7. [PMID: 26972351 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different doses of caffeine on appetite and anxiety-related behavior. Additionally, we sought to determine if withdrawal from chronic caffeine administration promotes anxiety. In this study, we utilized rodent open field testing and feeding behavior assays to determine the effects of caffeine on feeding and anxiety-related behavior (n = 8 mice; 4-8 weeks old). We also measured 2 h and 24 h food intake and body-weight during daily administration of caffeine (n = 12 mice; 4-8 weeks old). To test for caffeine withdrawal induced anxiety, anxiety-related behavior in rodents was quantified following withdrawal from four consecutive days of caffeine administration (n = 12 mice; 4-8 weeks old). We find that acute caffeine administration increases food intake in a dose-dependent manner with lower doses of caffeine more significantly increasing food intake than higher doses. Acute caffeine administration also reduced anxiety-related behaviors in mice without significantly altering locomotor activity. However, we did not observe any differences in 24 h food intake or body weight following chronic caffeine administration and there were no observable differences in anxiety-related behaviors during caffeine withdrawal. In conclusion, we find that caffeine can both increase appetite and decrease anxiety-related behaviors in a dose dependent fashion. Given the complex relationship between appetite and anxiety, the present study provides additional insights into potential caffeine-based pharmacological mechanisms governing appetite and anxiety disorders, such as bulimia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Russell Levack
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jared Watters
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Zhenping Xu
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Yunlei Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Oravivattanakul S, Benchaya L, Wu G, Ahmed A, Itin I, Cooper S, Gostkowski M, Rudolph J, Appleby K, Sweeney P, Fernandez HH. Dopamine Transporter (DaT) Scan Utilization in a Movement Disorder Center. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016; 3:31-35. [PMID: 30363515 PMCID: PMC6178596 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to describe utilization patterns of dopamine transporter (DaT) scan and its influence on patient management at a single movement disorders center. DaT scan helps differentiate between neurodegenerative from non-neurodegenerative parkinsonism and essential tremor (ET). It has been recently approved in the United States in 2011. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of all patients, observed by movement disorders neurologists, who received a DaT scan. Demographic data, medication use, and prescan diagnosis were collected. RESULTS A total of 216 DaT scans were performed at our center from 1 June 2011 to 31 October 2012. A total of 175 scans were included for analysis. Rates of DaT scan utilization varied from 5 to 33 per 100 new patients observed. When our specialists suspected neurodegenerative parkinsonism before the scan (N = 70), the scan was abnormal in 57%. When non-neurodegenerative parkinsonism was prescan diagnosis (N = 46), the scan was normal in 65%. When essential/dystonic tremor was suspected (N = 14), the scan was normal in 79%. When psychogenic disorder was the prescan diagnosis (N = 15), the scan was normal in only 47%. Only 4% of patients with abnormal scan remained off anti-PD medications, whereas 24% of patients with negative scan were still on anti-PD medications. CONCLUSIONS DaT scan utilization among specialists varied greatly. Scan results correlated most when prescan diagnosis was ET than when working diagnosis was neurodegenerative parkinsonism or other non-neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Scan result was least consistent when prescan diagnosis was psychogenic disorder. Finally, DaT scans influenced medical treatment more when it was abnormal, compared to when it was normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivadee Oravivattanakul
- Center of Neurological RestorationDepartment of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Lucas Benchaya
- Center of Neurological RestorationDepartment of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Guiyun Wu
- Department of Nuclear MedicineCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Center of Neurological RestorationDepartment of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ilia Itin
- Center of Neurological RestorationDepartment of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Center of Neurological RestorationDepartment of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Michal Gostkowski
- Center of Neurological RestorationDepartment of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Joseph Rudolph
- Center of Neurological RestorationDepartment of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Kristin Appleby
- Center of Neurological RestorationDepartment of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Center of Neurological RestorationDepartment of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Hubert H. Fernandez
- Center of Neurological RestorationDepartment of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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Sweeney P, Yang Y. An excitatory ventral hippocampus to lateral septum circuit that suppresses feeding. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10188. [PMID: 26666960 PMCID: PMC4682174 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has focused on feeding circuits residing in the hindbrain and midbrain that govern homeostatic or hedonic control of food intake. However, the feeding circuits controlling emotional or cognitive aspects of food intake are largely unknown. Here we use chemical genetics and optogenetic techniques to dissect appetite control circuits originating from ventral hippocampus (vHPC), a brain region implicated in emotion and cognition. We find that the vHPC projects functional glutamatergic synaptic inputs to the lateral septum (LS) and optogenetic activation of vHPC projections in LS reduces food intake. Consistently, food intake is suppressed by chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons in the vHPC that project to the LS and inactivation of LS neurons blunts vHPC-induced suppression of feeding. Collectively, our results identify an anorexigenic neural circuit originating from vHPC to LS in the brain, revealing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of anorexia or other appetite disorders. The ventral hippocampus connects to the hypothalamus and has been implicated in feeding behaviours. Here, the authors use a combination of optogenetics and DREADD strategies to dissect the underlying circuit, showing that projections from the vHC to the lateral septum work to regulate feeding suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, IHP#3609, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Yunlei Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, IHP#3609, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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Nelson G, Sweeney P, Wallace LE, Rabeler RK, Allard D, Brown H, Carter JR, Denslow MW, Ellwood ER, Germain-Aubrey CC, Gilbert E, Gillespie E, Goertzen LR, Legler B, Marchant DB, Marsico TD, Morris AB, Murrell Z, Nazaire M, Neefus C, Oberreiter S, Paul D, Ruhfel BR, Sasek T, Shaw J, Soltis PS, Watson K, Weeks A, Mast AR. Digitization workflows for flat sheets and packets of plants, algae, and fungi. Appl Plant Sci 2015; 3:apps1500065. [PMID: 26421256 PMCID: PMC4578381 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1500065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Effective workflows are essential components in the digitization of biodiversity specimen collections. To date, no comprehensive, community-vetted workflows have been published for digitizing flat sheets and packets of plants, algae, and fungi, even though latest estimates suggest that only 33% of herbarium specimens have been digitally transcribed, 54% of herbaria use a specimen database, and 24% are imaging specimens. In 2012, iDigBio, the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) coordinating center and national resource for the digitization of public, nonfederal U.S. collections, launched several working groups to address this deficiency. Here, we report the development of 14 workflow modules with 7-36 tasks each. These workflows represent the combined work of approximately 35 curators, directors, and collections managers representing more than 30 herbaria, including 15 NSF-supported plant-related Thematic Collections Networks and collaboratives. The workflows are provided for download as Portable Document Format (PDF) and Microsoft Word files. Customization of these workflows for specific institutional implementation is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Nelson
- Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio), Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-2100 USA
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lisa E. Wallace
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Dorothy Allard
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Herrick Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - J. Richard Carter
- Biology Department, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael W. Denslow
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Ellwood
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ed Gilbert
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Emily Gillespie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Leslie R. Goertzen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ben Legler
- Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D. Blaine Marchant
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Travis D. Marsico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ashley B. Morris
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zack Murrell
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mare Nazaire
- Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Chris Neefus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shanna Oberreiter
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deborah Paul
- Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio), Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-2100 USA
| | - Brad R. Ruhfel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky, USA
| | - Thomas Sasek
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joey Shaw
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kimberly Watson
- William and Lynda Steere Herbarium, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Weeks
- Department of Biology and the Ted R. Bradley Herbarium, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Austin R. Mast
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Patel AR, Sweeney P, Ochenjele G, Wixson R, Stulberg SD, Puri LM. Radiographically Silent Loosening of the Acetabular Component in Hip Arthroplasty. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2015; 44:406-410. [PMID: 26372749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene wear and subsequent osteolysis are major obstacles to the long-term success of total hip arthroplasty (THA). We conducted a study to determine the incidence of loose acetabular components that did not show frank signs of loosening on either plain radiography or computed tomography (CT), or radiographically silent loosening (RSL). In this retrospective study, we evaluated patients who underwent revision THA and were evaluated with plain radiography and CT between 2000 and 2012. Any patient with imaging that showed signs of component movement was excluded. Of the 104 patients who met the study inclusion criteria, 17 (16.3%) met the criteria for RSL of the acetabular shell. Patients with RSL presented at a similar age (P = .961) and with a similar sex profile (P = .185) compared with patients with stable acetabular components and were more likely to present with pain (P = .0487). Acetabular components may be loose even if there is no evidence of component migration on radiographic studies. Surgeons should be aware of the incidence of RSL and the potential of RSL to affect patient care and potential surgical options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anay R Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.
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Breen K, O'Connor K, Power D, Mayer N, Rogers E, Sweeney P. Penile cancer – Guideline adherence produces optimum results. Surgeon 2015; 13:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Carey K, Davis NF, Elamin S, Ahern P, Brady CM, Sweeney P. A novel rapid access testicular cancer clinic: prospective evaluation after one year. Ir J Med Sci 2015; 185:215-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-015-1273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Desai B, Rockne R, Rademaker A, Raizer J, Paleologos N, Merrell R, Grimm S, Azeem S, Hartsell W, Sweeney P, Swanson K, Gondi V. RT-08 * PROTON THERAPY (PT) LARGE-VOLUME RE-IRRADIATION FOR RECURRENT GLIOMA: OVERALL SURVIVAL (OS) AND TOXICITY OUTCOMES. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou270.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Abboud H, Mehanna R, Machado A, Ahmed A, Gostkowski M, Cooper S, Itin I, Sweeney P, Pandya M, Kubu C, Floden D, Ford PJ, Fernandez HH. Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary Deep Brain Stimulation Screening for Parkinson Patients: No Room for "Short Cuts". Mov Disord Clin Pract 2014; 1:336-341. [PMID: 30363983 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Careful, often cumbersome, screening is a fundamental part of DBS evaluation in Parkinson's disease (PD). It often involves a brain MRI, neuropsychological testing, neurological, surgical, and psychiatric evaluation, and "ON/OFF" motor testing. Given that DBS has now been a standard treatment for advanced PD, with clinicians' improved comfort and confidence in screening and referring patients for DBS, we wondered whether we can now streamline our lengthy evaluation process. We reviewed all PD patients evaluated for DBS at our center between 2006 and 2011 and analyzed the reasons for exclusion and for dropping out despite passing the screening process. A total of 223 PD patients who underwent DBS evaluation had complete charting. Only 131 (58.7%) patients were successfully implanted. Sixty-one (27.3%) patients were excluded after screening because of significant cognitive decline (32.7%), early disease with room for medication adjustment (29.5%), behavioral dysfunction (21.3%), suspected secondary parkinsonism or atypical parkinsonism syndrome (13.1%), PD, but with poor levodopa response (11.4%), unrealistic goals (9.8%), PD with predominant axial symptoms (6.5%), significant comorbidities (6.5%), or abnormal brain imaging (3.2%). In addition, 31 (13.9%) patients were cleared for surgery, but either chose not have it (18 patients), were lost to follow-up (12 patients), or were denied by medical insurance (1 patient). Through careful screening, a significant percentage of surgical candidates continue to be identified as less suitable because of a variety of reasons. This underscores the continued need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary screening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Abboud
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA.,Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Raja Mehanna
- University of Texas Health Science Center Houston Texas USA
| | - Andre Machado
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Michal Gostkowski
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Ilia Itin
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Mayur Pandya
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Cynthia Kubu
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Darlene Floden
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Paul J Ford
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Hubert H Fernandez
- Center for Neurological Restoration Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
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Desai B, Rockne R, Rademaker A, Hartsell W, Sweeney P, Raizer J, Paleologos N, Merrell R, Grimm S, Azeem S, Corwin D, Swanson K, Gondi V. Overall Survival (OS) and Toxicity Outcomes Following Large-Volume Re-irradiation Using Proton Therapy (PT) for Recurrent Glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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O’Kelly F, Elamin S, Cahill A, Aherne P, White J, Buckley J, O’Regan KN, Brady A, Power DG, O’Brien MF, Sweeney P, Mayer N, Kelly PJ. Erratum to: Characteristics of modern Gleason 9/10 prostate adenocarcinoma: a single tertiary centre experience within the Republic of Ireland. World J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-014-1249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Yajnik S, Siddiqui M, Gao M, Pankuch M, Chang J, Sweeney P, Hartsell W. Proton Beam Therapy Reduces Dose to Pelvic Bone Marrow Compared With IMRT: A Dosimetric Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Saul ML, Tylee D, Becoats KT, Guerrero BG, Sweeney P, Helmreich DL, Fudge JL. Long-term behavioral consequences of stress exposure in adolescent versus young adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2012; 229:226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Mukherjee R, Kotska M, Brebner JA, Rashid R, Chakraborty B, Khan Y, Sweeney P, Burge PS. P215 The effect of Oxygen prescription at hospital discharge on re-admission rates in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054c.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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