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Rodda SR, Fararoda R, Gopalakrishnan R, Jha N, Réjou-Méchain M, Couteron P, Barbier N, Alfonso A, Bako O, Bassama P, Behera D, Bissiengou P, Biyiha H, Brockelman WY, Chanthorn W, Chauhan P, Dadhwal VK, Dauby G, Deblauwe V, Dongmo N, Droissart V, Jeyakumar S, Jha CS, Kandem NG, Katembo J, Kougue R, Leblanc H, Lewis S, Libalah M, Manikandan M, Martin-Ducup O, Mbock G, Memiaghe H, Mofack G, Mutyala P, Narayanan A, Nathalang A, Ndjock GO, Ngoula F, Nidamanuri RR, Pélissier R, Saatchi S, Sagang LB, Salla P, Simo-Droissart M, Smith TB, Sonké B, Stevart T, Tjomb D, Zebaze D, Zemagho L, Ploton P. LiDAR-based reference aboveground biomass maps for tropical forests of South Asia and Central Africa. Sci Data 2024; 11:334. [PMID: 38575638 PMCID: PMC10995191 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate mapping and monitoring of tropical forests aboveground biomass (AGB) is crucial to design effective carbon emission reduction strategies and improving our understanding of Earth's carbon cycle. However, existing large-scale maps of tropical forest AGB generated through combinations of Earth Observation (EO) and forest inventory data show markedly divergent estimates, even after accounting for reported uncertainties. To address this, a network of high-quality reference data is needed to calibrate and validate mapping algorithms. This study aims to generate reference AGB datasets using field inventory plots and airborne LiDAR data for eight sites in Central Africa and five sites in South Asia, two regions largely underrepresented in global reference AGB datasets. The study provides access to these reference AGB maps, including uncertainty maps, at 100 m and 40 m spatial resolutions covering a total LiDAR footprint of 1,11,650 ha [ranging from 150 to 40,000 ha at site level]. These maps serve as calibration/validation datasets to improve the accuracy and reliability of AGB mapping for current and upcoming EO missions (viz., GEDI, BIOMASS, and NISAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Reddy Rodda
- Forestry and Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad, 500 037, India.
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Rakesh Fararoda
- Forestry and Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | | | - Nidhi Jha
- College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | | | - Pierre Couteron
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Barbier
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Alonso Alfonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ousmane Bako
- Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forêts de Mbalmayo, Ministère Des Forêts Et De La Faune, Mbalmayo, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Bassama
- Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forêts de Mbalmayo, Ministère Des Forêts Et De La Faune, Mbalmayo, Cameroon
| | - Debabrata Behera
- Department of Ecology, French Institute of Pondicherry, Pondicherry, 605 001, India
| | - Pulcherie Bissiengou
- Institut de pharmacopée et de médecine traditionnelle (Herbier National du Gabon), CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Hervé Biyiha
- Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forêts de Mbalmayo, Ministère Des Forêts Et De La Faune, Mbalmayo, Cameroon
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wirong Chanthorn
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Prakash Chauhan
- Forestry and Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | | | - Gilles Dauby
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, P.O Box 1857, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Vincent Deblauwe
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP 2008 (Messa), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Narcis Dongmo
- Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forêts de Mbalmayo, Ministère Des Forêts Et De La Faune, Mbalmayo, Cameroon
| | - Vincent Droissart
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Selvaraj Jeyakumar
- Department of Ecology, French Institute of Pondicherry, Pondicherry, 605 001, India
| | - Chandra Shekar Jha
- Forestry and Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Narcisse G Kandem
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - John Katembo
- Institut Supérieur d'Etudes Agronomiques de Bengamisa, République Démocratique du Congo, Congo, France
| | - Ronald Kougue
- Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forêts de Mbalmayo, Ministère Des Forêts Et De La Faune, Mbalmayo, Cameroon
| | - Hugo Leblanc
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Lewis
- Department of Geography, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Moses Libalah
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Maya Manikandan
- Forestry and Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | | | - Germain Mbock
- Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forêts de Mbalmayo, Ministère Des Forêts Et De La Faune, Mbalmayo, Cameroon
| | - Hervé Memiaghe
- Institut de pharmacopée et de médecine traditionnelle (Herbier National du Gabon), CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Gislain Mofack
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Praveen Mutyala
- Forestry and Ecology Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Ayyappan Narayanan
- Department of Ecology, French Institute of Pondicherry, Pondicherry, 605 001, India
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Gilbert Oum Ndjock
- Dja Wildlife Reserve, Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fernandez Ngoula
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Rama Rao Nidamanuri
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Raphaël Pélissier
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Le Bienfaiteur Sagang
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Patrick Salla
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Murielle Simo-Droissart
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Thomas B Smith
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, P.O Box 1857, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Tariq Stevart
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Program, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Danièle Tjomb
- Ecole Nationale des Eaux et Forêts de Mbalmayo, Ministère Des Forêts Et De La Faune, Mbalmayo, Cameroon
| | - Donatien Zebaze
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Lise Zemagho
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Pierre Ploton
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, P.O Box 1857, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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2
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Hülsmann L, Chisholm RA, Comita L, Visser MD, de Souza Leite M, Aguilar S, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Bourg NA, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Castaño N, Chang-Yang CH, Chuyong GB, Clay K, Davies SJ, Duque A, Ediriweera S, Ewango C, Gilbert GS, Holík J, Howe RW, Hubbell SP, Itoh A, Johnson DJ, Kenfack D, Král K, Larson AJ, Lutz JA, Makana JR, Malhi Y, McMahon SM, McShea WJ, Mohamad M, Nasardin M, Nathalang A, Norden N, Oliveira AA, Parmigiani R, Perez R, Phillips RP, Pongpattananurak N, Sun IF, Swanson ME, Tan S, Thomas D, Thompson J, Uriarte M, Wolf AT, Yao TL, Zimmerman JK, Zuleta D, Hartig F. Latitudinal patterns in stabilizing density dependence of forest communities. Nature 2024; 627:564-571. [PMID: 38418889 PMCID: PMC10954553 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown reduced performance in plants that are surrounded by neighbours of the same species1,2, a phenomenon known as conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD)3. A long-held ecological hypothesis posits that CNDD is more pronounced in tropical than in temperate forests4,5, which increases community stabilization, species coexistence and the diversity of local tree species6,7. Previous analyses supporting such a latitudinal gradient in CNDD8,9 have suffered from methodological limitations related to the use of static data10-12. Here we present a comprehensive assessment of latitudinal CNDD patterns using dynamic mortality data to estimate species-site-specific CNDD across 23 sites. Averaged across species, we found that stabilizing CNDD was present at all except one site, but that average stabilizing CNDD was not stronger toward the tropics. However, in tropical tree communities, rare and intermediate abundant species experienced stronger stabilizing CNDD than did common species. This pattern was absent in temperate forests, which suggests that CNDD influences species abundances more strongly in tropical forests than it does in temperate ones13. We also found that interspecific variation in CNDD, which might attenuate its stabilizing effect on species diversity14,15, was high but not significantly different across latitudes. Although the consequences of these patterns for latitudinal diversity gradients are difficult to evaluate, we speculate that a more effective regulation of population abundances could translate into greater stabilization of tropical tree communities and thus contribute to the high local diversity of tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hülsmann
- Ecosystem Analysis and Simulation (EASI) Lab, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Ryan A Chisholm
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liza Comita
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Marco D Visser
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Salomon Aguilar
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Norman A Bourg
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
- Thai Long Term Forest Ecological Research Project, Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicolas Castaño
- Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas Sinchi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Keith Clay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jan Holík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert W Howe
- Cofrin Center for Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akira Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Kenfack
- Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J Larson
- Department of Forest Management, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Wilderness Institute, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - James A Lutz
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Renan Parmigiani
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rolando Perez
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | | | | | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Donghwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mark E Swanson
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Duncan Thomas
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy T Wolf
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Tze Leong Yao
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, USA
| | - Daniel Zuleta
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Medina-Vega JA, Zuleta D, Aguilar S, Alonso A, Bissiengou P, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Burslem DFRP, Castaño N, Chave J, Dalling JW, de Oliveira AA, Duque Á, Ediriweera S, Ewango CEN, Filip J, Hubbell SP, Itoh A, Kiratiprayoon S, Lum SKY, Makana JR, Memiaghe H, Mitre D, Mohamad MB, Nathalang A, Nilus R, Nkongolo NV, Novotny V, O'Brien MJ, Pérez R, Pongpattananurak N, Reynolds G, Russo SE, Tan S, Thompson J, Uriarte M, Valencia R, Vicentini A, Yao TL, Zimmerman JK, Davies SJ. Tropical tree ectomycorrhiza are distributed independently of soil nutrients. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:400-410. [PMID: 38200369 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Mycorrhizae, a form of plant-fungal symbioses, mediate vegetation impacts on ecosystem functioning. Climatic effects on decomposition and soil quality are suggested to drive mycorrhizal distributions, with arbuscular mycorrhizal plants prevailing in low-latitude/high-soil-quality areas and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) plants in high-latitude/low-soil-quality areas. However, these generalizations, based on coarse-resolution data, obscure finer-scale variations and result in high uncertainties in the predicted distributions of mycorrhizal types and their drivers. Using data from 31 lowland tropical forests, both at a coarse scale (mean-plot-level data) and fine scale (20 × 20 metres from a subset of 16 sites), we demonstrate that the distribution and abundance of EcM-associated trees are independent of soil quality. Resource exchange differences among mycorrhizal partners, stemming from diverse evolutionary origins of mycorrhizal fungi, may decouple soil fertility from the advantage provided by mycorrhizal associations. Additionally, distinct historical biogeographies and diversification patterns have led to differences in forest composition and nutrient-acquisition strategies across three major tropical regions. Notably, Africa and Asia's lowland tropical forests have abundant EcM trees, whereas they are relatively scarce in lowland neotropical forests. A greater understanding of the functional biology of mycorrhizal symbiosis is required, especially in the lowland tropics, to overcome biases from assuming similarity to temperate and boreal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Medina-Vega
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Daniel Zuleta
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pulchérie Bissiengou
- Herbier National du Gabon, Institut de Pharmacopée et de Médecine Traditionelle, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
- Thai Long-Term Forest Ecological Research Project, Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nicolás Castaño
- Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas Sinchi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, UPS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - James W Dalling
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alexandre A de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Corneille E N Ewango
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jonah Filip
- Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akira Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Somboon Kiratiprayoon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Shawn K Y Lum
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Remy Makana
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hervé Memiaghe
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Libreville, Gabon
| | - David Mitre
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | | | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Reuben Nilus
- Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Centre, Sandakan, Malaysia
| | - Nsalambi V Nkongolo
- School of Science, Navajo Technical University, Crownpoint, NM, USA
- Institut Facultaire des Sciences Agronomiques (IFA) de Yangambi, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Almería, Spain
| | - Rolando Pérez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Nantachai Pongpattananurak
- Thai Long-Term Forest Ecological Research Project, Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Glen Reynolds
- Southeast Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | | | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renato Valencia
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alberto Vicentini
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental (CODAM), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Tze Leong Yao
- Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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4
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Delavaux CS, LaManna JA, Myers JA, Phillips RP, Aguilar S, Allen D, Alonso A, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Baker ME, Baltzer JL, Bissiengou P, Bonfim M, Bourg NA, Brockelman WY, Burslem DFRP, Chang LW, Chen Y, Chiang JM, Chu C, Clay K, Cordell S, Cortese M, den Ouden J, Dick C, Ediriweera S, Ellis EC, Feistner A, Freestone AL, Giambelluca T, Giardina CP, Gilbert GS, He F, Holík J, Howe RW, Huaraca Huasca W, Hubbell SP, Inman F, Jansen PA, Johnson DJ, Kral K, Larson AJ, Litton CM, Lutz JA, Malhi Y, McGuire K, McMahon SM, McShea WJ, Memiaghe H, Nathalang A, Norden N, Novotny V, O'Brien MJ, Orwig DA, Ostertag R, Parker GG'J, Pérez R, Reynolds G, Russo SE, Sack L, Šamonil P, Sun IF, Swanson ME, Thompson J, Uriarte M, Vandermeer J, Wang X, Ware I, Weiblen GD, Wolf A, Wu SH, Zimmerman JK, Lauber T, Maynard DS, Crowther TW, Averill C. Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1066. [PMID: 37857800 PMCID: PMC10587352 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One mechanism proposed to explain high species diversity in tropical systems is strong negative conspecific density dependence (CDD), which reduces recruitment of juveniles in proximity to conspecific adult plants. Although evidence shows that plant-specific soil pathogens can drive negative CDD, trees also form key mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi, which may counteract these effects. Across 43 large-scale forest plots worldwide, we tested whether ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibit weaker negative CDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. We further tested for conmycorrhizal density dependence (CMDD) to test for benefit from shared mutualists. We found that the strength of CDD varies systematically with mycorrhizal type, with ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibiting higher sapling densities with increasing adult densities than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. Moreover, we found evidence of positive CMDD for tree species of both mycorrhizal types. Collectively, these findings indicate that mycorrhizal interactions likely play a foundational role in global forest diversity patterns and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille S Delavaux
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Joseph A LaManna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Salomón Aguilar
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - David Allen
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA
| | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew E Baker
- Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Pulchérie Bissiengou
- Herbier National du Gabon, Institut de Pharmacopée et de Médecine Traditionelle, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Mariana Bonfim
- Department of Biology, Temple Ambler Field Station, Temple University, Ambler, PA, USA
| | - Norman A Bourg
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Li-Wan Chang
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei City, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology/School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jyh-Min Chiang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chengjin Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Susan Cordell
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Mary Cortese
- Department of Biology, Temple Ambler Field Station, Temple University, Ambler, PA, USA
| | - Jan den Ouden
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Dick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Erle C Ellis
- Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Feistner
- Gabon Biodiversity Program, Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Gamba, Gabon
| | - Amy L Freestone
- Department of Biology, Temple Ambler Field Station, Temple University, Ambler, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Giambelluca
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, USA
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | | | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Fangliang He
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jan Holík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert W Howe
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Walter Huaraca Huasca
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Faith Inman
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Kamil Kral
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J Larson
- Department of Forest Management, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- The Wilderness Institute, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Creighton M Litton
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - James A Lutz
- The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Krista McGuire
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, NJ, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hervé Memiaghe
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Almería, Spain
| | - David A Orwig
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Rolando Pérez
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Glen Reynolds
- The Royal Society SEARRP (UK/Malaysia), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Sciences and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pavel Šamonil
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mark E Swanson
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Vandermeer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xihua Wang
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ian Ware
- U.S. Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - George D Weiblen
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Amy Wolf
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Wu
- Botanical Garden Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Thomas Lauber
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Maynard
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colin Averill
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Aggimarangsee N, Tiansawat P, Brockelman WY. Can electrical wires serve as canopy bridges? A case study of the dusky langur (Trachypithecus obscurus) in Thailand. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20211205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In many parts of the world, primates and other arboreal and semi-arboreal species use electrical and telecommunication cables to cross open gaps. However, electrocutions can occur when the cables are uninsulated or damaged. Between 2001 and 2002, during a 12-month behavioural study of two dusky langur groups (Trachypithecus obscurus) at the Royal Thai Air Force Base in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, peninsular Thailand, we recorded langur use of and mortality on electrical and telecommunications cables on an ad libitum basis. Before insulation of the cables in late 2001, five langurs died by electrocution; post insulation, that number decreased to only one case on March 5, 2002. In 2022, we returned to observe the langur groups and saw them continuing to use the cables for crossing and noted damage to the insulation, indicating the importance of maintenance. Electrical cables can provide canopy connectivity for langurs and prevent dangerous encounters with dogs on the ground, but cables must be insulated and inspected regularly. As additional mitigation measures, we suggest providing alternative substrates for travel such as planting more native trees and providing artificial canopy bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantiya Aggimarangsee
- Behaviour and Ecology of Vertebrates Research Laboratory (BEVRL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pimonrat Tiansawat
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Forest Restoration Research Unit, Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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6
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Pothasin P, Paradis E, Brockelman WY, Nathalang A, Khemrugka T, Lomwong N, Thripob P, Saenprasert R, Chanthorn W. Seed Size Variation of Trees and Lianas in a Tropical Forest of Southeast Asia: Allometry, Phylogeny, and Seed Trait - Plant Functional Trait Relationships. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:852167. [PMID: 35668813 PMCID: PMC9165448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.852167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed size is a key trait for understanding and predicting ecological processes in a plant community. In a tropical forest, trees and lianas are major components driving ecosystem function and biogeochemical processes. However, seed ecological research on both components remains limited, particularly phylogenetic patterns and relationships with other traits. Here, we compiled a unique dataset of seed size (seed mass and geometrical size metrics) based on collections of more than 5,200 seeds of 196 woody plant species, covering >98 and 70% of tree and liana stems, respectively, located on a 30-ha plot in a tropical evergreen forest in central Thailand. We aimed to (1) develop allometric equations among seed size metrics to predict seed mass; (2) examine phylogenetic influence on seed size variation; and (3) examine relationships among seed traits and several other functional plant traits. Our allometric equations relating seed mass, seed volume, and width were well-fitted with data (R 2 = 0.94, 0.87 respectively). A phylogenetic signal test found that seed size was randomly distributed across the phylogeny. To study the functional trait relationships, we separately tested seed size data of the tree and liana communities (146 and 50 species, respectively), against mean body size of frugivores, successional niches, leaf, and structural traits. For the tree community, seed size was significantly related to mean body size of frugivores, which we believe is a basic driver of seed size because it is related to the gape width affecting dispersal effectiveness. Nearly all leaf traits were significantly positively correlated with seed size (p < 0.03). The significant positive correlation of leaf area and greenness suggested the high-energy demand of large-seeded species. We found a strong positive correlation between seed size and leaf toughness, suggesting a coordination between seed size and leaf defense. However, all these patterns disappeared in the same analysis applied to the liana community. Liana seed size variation was lower than that of trees, perhaps because lianas grow in relatively more uniform conditions in the forest canopy. Frugivore size was the strongest driver of seed size variation. Our study shows a surprising contrast between trees and lianas that is worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornwiwan Pothasin
- Department of Environment Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Conservation Biology Program, School of Interdisciplinary, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Thantiyapawn Khemrugka
- Department of Environment Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppawan Lomwong
- Department of Environment Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharaphan Thripob
- Department of Environment Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rampai Saenprasert
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wirong Chanthorn
- Department of Environment Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Rodtassana C, Unawong W, Yaemphum S, Chanthorn W, Chawchai S, Nathalang A, Brockelman WY, Tor‐ngern P. Different responses of soil respiration to environmental factors across forest stages in a Southeast Asian forest. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15430-15443. [PMID: 34765188 PMCID: PMC8571625 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil respiration (SR) in forests contributes significant carbon dioxide emissions from terrestrial ecosystems and is highly sensitive to environmental changes, including soil temperature, soil moisture, microbial community, surface litter, and vegetation type. Indeed, a small change in SR may have large impacts on the global carbon balance, further influencing feedbacks to climate change. Thus, detailed characterization of SR responses to changes in environmental conditions is needed to accurately estimate carbon dioxide emissions from forest ecosystems. However, data for such analyses are still limited, especially in tropical forests of Southeast Asia where various stages of forest succession exist due to previous land-use changes. In this study, we measured SR and some environmental factors including soil temperature (ST), soil moisture (SM), and organic matter content (OM) in three successional tropical forests in both wet and dry periods. We also analyzed the relationships between SR and these environmental variables. Results showed that SR was higher in the wet period and in older forests. Although no response of SR to ST was found in younger forest stages, SR of the old-growth forest significantly responded to ST, plausibly due to the nonuniform forest structure, including gaps, that resulted in a wide range of ST. Across forest stages, SM was the limiting factor for SR in the wet period, whereas SR significantly varied with OM in the dry period. Overall, our results indicated that the responses of SR to environmental factors varied temporally and across forest succession. Nevertheless, these findings are still preliminary and call for detailed investigations on SR and its variations with environmental factors in Southeast Asian tropical forests where patches of successional stages dominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadtip Rodtassana
- Department of BotanyFaculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Weerapong Unawong
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance ManagementChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | | | - Wirong Chanthorn
- Department of Environmental Technology and ManagementFaculty of EnvironmentKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
- Department of Ecological ModellingHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Sakonvan Chawchai
- Department of GeologyFaculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of ThailandNational Science and Technology Development AgencyPathum ThaniThailand
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- National Biobank of ThailandNational Science and Technology Development AgencyPathum ThaniThailand
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Pantana Tor‐ngern
- Department of Environmental ScienceFaculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Water Science and Technology for Sustainable Environment Research GroupChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Environment, Health and Social Data Analytics Research GroupChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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8
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Markviriya D, Asensio N, Brockelman WY, Jeratthitikul E, Kongrit C. Genetic analysis of hybridization between white-handed (Hylobates lar) and pileated (Hylobates pileatus) gibbons in a contact zone in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Primates 2021; 63:51-63. [PMID: 34716489 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-021-00958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural hybridization has played various roles in the evolutionary history of primates. Its consequences range from genetic introgression between taxa, formation of hybrid zones, and formation of new lineages. Hylobates lar, the white-handed gibbon, and Hylobates pileatus, the pileated gibbon, are largely allopatric species in Southeast Asia with a narrow contact zone in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, which contains both parental types and hybrids. Hybrid individuals in the zone are recognizable by their intermediate pelage and vocal patterns, but have not been analyzed genetically. We analyzed mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA of 52 individuals to estimate the relative genetic contributions of the parental species to each individual, and the amount of introgression into the parental species. We obtained fecal samples from 33 H. lar, 15 H. pileatus and four phenotypically intermediate individuals in the contact zone. Both mitochondrial and microsatellite markers confirmed distinct differences between these taxa. Both H. lar and H. pileatus contributed to the maternal lineages of the hybrids based on mitochondrial analysis; hybrids were viable and present in socially normal reproductive pairs. The microsatellite analysis identified ten admixed individuals, four F1 hybrids, which corresponded to phenotypic hybrids, and six H. lar-like backcrosses. All 15 H. pileatus samples were identified as originating from genetically H. pileatus individuals with no H. lar admixture; hence, backcrossing is biased toward H. lar. A relatively low number of phenotypic hybrids and backcrossed individuals along with a high number of parental types indicates a bimodal hybrid zone, which suggests relatively strong bias in mate selection between the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darunee Markviriya
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Norberto Asensio
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, 20018, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.,National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ekgachai Jeratthitikul
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chalita Kongrit
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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9
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Brockelman WY, Tun AY, Pan S, Naing H, Htun S. Comparison of point transect distance and traditional acoustic point-count sampling of hoolock gibbons in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Myanmar. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23198. [PMID: 32986271 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Effective conservation demands more accurate and reliable methods of survey and monitoring of populations. Surveys of gibbon populations have relied mostly on mapping of groups in "listening areas" using acoustical point-count data. Traditional methods of estimating density in have usually used counts of gibbon groups within fixed-radius areas or areas bounded by terrain barriers to sound transmission, and have not accounted for possible decline in detectability with distance. In this study we sampled the eastern hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leucogenys) population in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary (WS), Myanmar, using two methods: the traditional point-count method with fixed-radius listening areas, and a newer method using point-transect Distance analysis from a sample point established in the center of each listening point array. The basic data were obtained by triangulating on singing groups from four LPs for 4 days, in 10 randomly selected sample areas within the sanctuary. The point transect method gave an average density of 3.13 groups km-2 , higher than the estimates of group density within fixed-radius areas without correction for detectability. A new method of analysis of singing probability per day (p[1]) gave an estimate of 0.547. Htamanthi WS is an important conservation area containing an estimated 7000 (95% confidence interval: 5000-10,000) hoolock groups. Surveys at Htamanthi WS and locations in the Hukaung Valley suggest that the extensive evergreen forests in northern Myanmar have the capacity to support 2-4 (average about 3) groups of hoolock gibbons per km2 , but most forests in its range have yet to be surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Y Brockelman
- Conservation Genetics and Ecology Group, Mahidol University at Salaya, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,National Biobank of Thailand, Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Aung Ye Tun
- Wildlife Conservation Society (Myanmar Program), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Su Pan
- Wildlife Conservation Society (Myanmar Program), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Hla Naing
- Wildlife Conservation Society (Myanmar Program), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Saw Htun
- Wildlife Conservation Society (Myanmar Program), Yangon, Myanmar
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10
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Tongkok S, He X, Alcantara MJM, Saralamba C, Nathalang A, Chanthorn W, Brockelman WY, Lin L. Composition of frugivores of Baccaurea ramiflora (Phyllanthaceae) and effects of environmental factors on frugivory in two tropical forests of China and Thailand. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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11
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Fung T, Chisholm RA, Anderson-Teixeira K, Bourg N, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Chang-Yang CH, Chitra-Tarak R, Chuyong G, Condit R, Dattaraja HS, Davies SJ, Ewango CEN, Fewless G, Fletcher C, Gunatilleke CVS, Gunatilleke IAUN, Hao Z, Hogan JA, Howe R, Hsieh CF, Kenfack D, Lin Y, Ma K, Makana JR, McMahon S, McShea WJ, Mi X, Nathalang A, Ong PS, Parker G, Rau EP, Shue J, Su SH, Sukumar R, Sun IF, Suresh HS, Tan S, Thomas D, Thompson J, Valencia R, Vallejo MI, Wang X, Wang Y, Wijekoon P, Wolf A, Yap S, Zimmerman J. Temporal population variability in local forest communities has mixed effects on tree species richness across a latitudinal gradient. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:160-171. [PMID: 31698546 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the local processes that determine species diversity in ecological communities, fluctuation-dependent mechanisms that are mediated by temporal variability in the abundances of species populations have received significant attention. Higher temporal variability in the abundances of species populations can increase the strength of temporal niche partitioning but can also increase the risk of species extinctions, such that the net effect on species coexistence is not clear. We quantified this temporal population variability for tree species in 21 large forest plots and found much greater variability for higher latitude plots with fewer tree species. A fitted mechanistic model showed that among the forest plots, the net effect of temporal population variability on tree species coexistence was usually negative, but sometimes positive or negligible. Therefore, our results suggest that temporal variability in the abundances of species populations has no clear negative or positive contribution to the latitudinal gradient in tree species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Fung
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Ryan A Chisholm
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Kristina Anderson-Teixeira
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panamá.,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Norm Bourg
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- National Biobank of Thailand, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
- Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
| | - Rutuja Chitra-Tarak
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, P.O. Box 1663, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - George Chuyong
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, SWP, Cameroon
| | - Richard Condit
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | | | - Stuart J Davies
- Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatory, Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, 20013, USA
| | | | - Gary Fewless
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lab Sciences 413, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 54311, USA
| | - Christine Fletcher
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109, Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - C V Savitri Gunatilleke
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - I A U Nimal Gunatilleke
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - J Aaron Hogan
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Robert Howe
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lab Sciences 413, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 54311, USA
| | - Chang-Fu Hsieh
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - David Kenfack
- Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatory, Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, 20013, USA
| | - YiChing Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung
| | - Keping Ma
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing
| | | | - Sean McMahon
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Perry S Ong
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Geoffrey Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
| | - E-Ping Rau
- Master 1 Mention Écologie, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Shue
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
| | - Sheng-Hsin Su
- Forest Management Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei
| | - Raman Sukumar
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.,Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien
| | - Hebbalalu S Suresh
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.,Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sylvester Tan
- Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatory, Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, 20013, USA
| | - Duncan Thomas
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, PR, 00936-8377, USA.,Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Renato Valencia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martha I Vallejo
- Calle 37, Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Number 8-40 Mezzanine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Xugao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - Yunquan Wang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing
| | - Pushpa Wijekoon
- Faculty of Science, Department of Statistics & Computer Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Amy Wolf
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lab Sciences 413, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 54311, USA
| | - Sandra Yap
- Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jess Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, PR, 00936-8377, USA
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12
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Ma CY, Brockelman WY, Light LEO, Bartlett TQ, Fan PF. Infant loss during and after male replacement in gibbons. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23036. [PMID: 31338860 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
According to the sexual selection hypothesis, infanticide during resident male replacement is an adaptive strategy that has evolved because the killing of unweaned offspring sired by previous males shortens the inter-birth intervals of the mothers whose infants are targeted and thereby increases the reproductive fitness of the perpetrator. To test this hypothesis, we describe previously unreported cases of primary male replacement for two gibbon species (Hylobates lar and Nomascus nasutus), and review all other reported cases of primary male replacement in gibbons. Overall, infants were present in nearly half of all cases (16/33, 48%) and of the 18 infants present during replacement, 50% (N = 9) disappeared within 2 months of the event. In four of the five cases where there was sufficient demographic information to identify the likely sire of the subsequent offspring of females that lost infants, the new male was believed to be the sire. Infants were also less likely to die or disappear if the new male and original resident male were possible kin. However, there was no significant difference in the age of infants between those that died or disappeared following replacement and those that survived to weaning (p = .630). Our review of takeover-related infant loss in gibbons confirms that periods of male instability are risky for unweaned infants and that replacing males benefit from infant loss. Nevertheless, variability in the context of infant loss and difficulties related to data collection in the field make it difficult to test competing hypotheses concerning the mechanisms and functions of infanticide in the small apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yong Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- Ecology Laboratory, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Conservation Genetics Ecology Group, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Lydia E O Light
- Department of Anthropology, The University of North Carolina at Chbarlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Thad Q Bartlett
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peng-Fei Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, P. R. China
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13
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Chanthorn W, Hartig F, Brockelman WY, Srisang W, Nathalang A, Santon J. Defaunation of large-bodied frugivores reduces carbon storage in a tropical forest of Southeast Asia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10015. [PMID: 31292478 PMCID: PMC6620352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that defaunation of large-bodied frugivores reduces above-ground carbon storage in tropical forests of South America and Africa, but not, or less so, in Southeast Asian tropical forests. Here we analyze the issue using the seed dispersal network (data of interaction between trees and animal seed dispersers) and forest composition of a 30-ha forest dynamics plot in central Thailand, where an intact fauna of primates, ungulates, bears and birds of all sizes still exists. We simulate the effect of two defaunation scenarios on forest biomass: 1) only primates extirpated (a realistic possibility in near future), and 2) extirpation of all large-bodied frugivores (LBF) including gibbons, macaques, hornbills and terrestrial mammals, the main targets of poachers in this region. For each scenario, we varied the population size reduction of the LBF dispersed tree species from 20% to 100%. We find that tree species dependent on seed dispersal by large-bodied frugivores (LBF) account for nearly one-third of the total carbon biomass on the plot, and that the community turnover following a complete defaunation would result in a carbon reduction of 2.4% to 3.0%, depending on the defaunation scenario and the model assumptions. The reduction was always greater than 1% when the defaunation intensity was at least 40%. These effect sizes are comparable to values reported for Neotropical forests, suggesting that the impact of defaunation on carbon deficit is not necessarily lower in Southeast Asian forests. The problem of defaunation in Asia, and the mutual benefits between biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, should therefore not be neglected by global policies to reduce carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirong Chanthorn
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Jatujak District, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wacharapong Srisang
- Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Technology, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jantima Santon
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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14
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Sreekar R, Katabuchi M, Nakamura A, Corlett RT, Slik JWF, Fletcher C, He F, Weiblen GD, Shen G, Xu H, Sun IF, Cao K, Ma K, Chang LW, Cao M, Jiang M, Gunatilleke IAUN, Ong P, Yap S, Gunatilleke CVS, Novotny V, Brockelman WY, Xiang W, Mi X, Li X, Wang X, Qiao X, Li Y, Tan S, Condit R, Harrison RD, Koh LP. Spatial scale changes the relationship between beta diversity, species richness and latitude. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:181168. [PMID: 30839691 PMCID: PMC6170539 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between β-diversity and latitude still remains to be a core question in ecology because of the lack of consensus between studies. One hypothesis for the lack of consensus between studies is that spatial scale changes the relationship between latitude and β-diversity. Here, we test this hypothesis using tree data from 15 large-scale forest plots (greater than or equal to 15 ha, diameter at breast height ≥ 1 cm) across a latitudinal gradient (3-30o) in the Asia-Pacific region. We found that the observed β-diversity decreased with increasing latitude when sampling local tree communities at small spatial scale (grain size ≤0.1 ha), but the observed β-diversity did not change with latitude when sampling at large spatial scales (greater than or equal to 0.25 ha). Differences in latitudinal β-diversity gradients across spatial scales were caused by pooled species richness (γ-diversity), which influenced observed β-diversity values at small spatial scales, but not at large spatial scales. Therefore, spatial scale changes the relationship between β-diversity, γ-diversity and latitude, and improving sample representativeness avoids the γ-dependence of β-diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachakonda Sreekar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia,Australia
| | - Masatoshi Katabuchi
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard T. Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - J. W. Ferry Slik
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Christine Fletcher
- Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor 52109, Malaysia
| | - Fangliang He
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaT6G 2G7
| | - George D. Weiblen
- Bell Museum and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Guochun Shen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wan Chang
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Perry Ong
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines
| | - Sandra Yap
- Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Vojtech Novotny
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Science Park, Klongluang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wusheng Xiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiankun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihua Wang
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yide Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Tianhe, Guangzhou 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Sylvester Tan
- Center for Tropical Forest Science – Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Condit
- Center for Tropical Forest Science – Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Rhett D. Harrison
- Agroforestry Centre, East and Southern Africa Region, 13 Elm Road, Woodlands, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia,Australia
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15
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McConkey KR, Nathalang A, Brockelman WY, Saralamba C, Santon J, Matmoon U, Somnuk R, Srinoppawan K. Different megafauna vary in their seed dispersal effectiveness of the megafaunal fruit Platymitra macrocarpa (Annonaceae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198960. [PMID: 30020929 PMCID: PMC6051586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The world’s largest terrestrial animals (megafauna) can play profound roles in seed dispersal. Yet, the term ‘megafauna’ is often used to encompass a diverse range of body sizes and physiologies of, primarily, herbivorous animals. To determine the extent to which these animals varied in their seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE), we compared the contribution of different megafauna for the large-fruited Platymitra macrocarpa (Annonaceae), in a tropical evergreen forest in Thailand. We quantified ‘seed dispersal effectiveness’ by measuring the quantity and quality contributions of all consumers of P. macrocarpa fruit. Seed dispersal quantity was the proportion of the crop consumed by each species. Quality was defined as the proportion of seeds handled by each animal taxon that survived to produce a 2-month seedling. Megafauna (elephants, sambar deer, bears) dispersed 78% of seeds that produced seedlings, with 21% dispersed by gibbons (a medium-sized frugivore). The main megafaunal consumers displayed different dispersal strategies. Elephants were the most effective dispersers (37% of seedlings) and they achieved this by being high-quality and low-quantity dispersers. Bears displayed a similar strategy but were especially rare visitors to the trees (24% of the total seedlings produced). Sambar were high-quantity dispersers, but most seeds they handled did not survive and they were responsible for only 17% of seedlings. Gibbons displayed a high SDE relative to their body size, but they probably cannot match the role of elephants despite being more regular consumers of the fruit. The low density and poor regeneration of P. macrocarpa in the study site suggest that current dispersal rates by megafauna are insufficient, possibly reflecting reduced or missing megafauna populations. We show that different megafaunal species disperse seeds in different ways and may make unique contributions to the reproductive success of the plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R. McConkey
- School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore, India
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (KRM); (AN)
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- Ecology Lab, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- * E-mail: (KRM); (AN)
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- Ecology Lab, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University–Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chanpen Saralamba
- Conservation Biology Program, Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus, Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
| | - Jantima Santon
- Ecology Lab, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Umaporn Matmoon
- Ecology Lab, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Rathasart Somnuk
- Ecology Lab, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kanchit Srinoppawan
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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LaManna JA, Mangan SA, Alonso A, Bourg NA, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Chang LW, Chiang JM, Chuyong GB, Clay K, Cordell S, Davies SJ, Furniss TJ, Giardina CP, Gunatilleke IAUN, Gunatilleke CVS, He F, Howe RW, Hubbell SP, Hsieh CF, Inman-Narahari FM, Janík D, Johnson DJ, Kenfack D, Korte L, Král K, Larson AJ, Lutz JA, McMahon SM, McShea WJ, Memiaghe HR, Nathalang A, Novotny V, Ong PS, Orwig DA, Ostertag R, Parker GG, Phillips RP, Sack L, Sun IF, Tello JS, Thomas DW, Turner BL, Vela Díaz DM, Vrška T, Weiblen GD, Wolf A, Yap S, Myers JA. Response to Comment on "Plant diversity increases with the strength of negative density dependence at the global scale". Science 2018; 360:360/6391/eaar3824. [PMID: 29798853 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hülsmann and Hartig suggest that ecological mechanisms other than specialized natural enemies or intraspecific competition contribute to our estimates of conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). To address their concern, we show that our results are not the result of a methodological artifact and present a null-model analysis that demonstrates that our original findings-(i) stronger CNDD at tropical relative to temperate latitudes and (ii) a latitudinal shift in the relationship between CNDD and species abundance-persist even after controlling for other processes that might influence spatial relationships between adults and recruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A LaManna
- Tyson Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott A Mangan
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Norman A Bourg
- Hydrological-Ecological Interactions Branch, Earth System Processes Division, Water Mission Area, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- Ecology Laboratory, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon, Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
- Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Li-Wan Chang
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Min Chiang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - George B Chuyong
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Susan Cordell
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama.,Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tucker J Furniss
- Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Christian P Giardina
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Fangliang He
- Joint Lab for Biodiversity Conservation, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU)-University of Alberta, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert W Howe
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chang-Fu Hsieh
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Faith M Inman-Narahari
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - David Janík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Kenfack
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama.,Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lisa Korte
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J Larson
- Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - James A Lutz
- Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA.,Forest Ecology Group, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Hervé R Memiaghe
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- Ecology Laboratory, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea.,Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Perry S Ong
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - David A Orwig
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey G Parker
- Forest Ecology Group, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | | | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - J Sebastián Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Gardens, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Duncan W Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Tomáš Vrška
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - George D Weiblen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Amy Wolf
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Sandra Yap
- Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Tyson Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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17
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LaManna JA, Mangan SA, Alonso A, Bourg NA, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Chang LW, Chiang JM, Chuyong GB, Clay K, Cordell S, Davies SJ, Furniss TJ, Giardina CP, Gunatilleke IAUN, Gunatilleke CVS, He F, Howe RW, Hubbell SP, Hsieh CF, Inman-Narahari FM, Janík D, Johnson DJ, Kenfack D, Korte L, Král K, Larson AJ, Lutz JA, McMahon SM, McShea WJ, Memiaghe HR, Nathalang A, Novotny V, Ong PS, Orwig DA, Ostertag R, Parker GG, Phillips RP, Sack L, Sun IF, Tello JS, Thomas DW, Turner BL, Vela Díaz DM, Vrška T, Weiblen GD, Wolf A, Yap S, Myers JA. Response to Comment on “Plant diversity increases with the strength of negative density dependence at the global scale”. Science 2018; 360:360/6391/eaar5245. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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LaManna JA, Mangan SA, Alonso A, Bourg NA, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Chang LW, Chiang JM, Chuyong GB, Clay K, Condit R, Cordell S, Davies SJ, Furniss TJ, Giardina CP, Gunatilleke IAUN, Gunatilleke CVS, He F, Howe RW, Hubbell SP, Hsieh CF, Inman-Narahari FM, Janík D, Johnson DJ, Kenfack D, Korte L, Král K, Larson AJ, Lutz JA, McMahon SM, McShea WJ, Memiaghe HR, Nathalang A, Novotny V, Ong PS, Orwig DA, Ostertag R, Parker GG, Phillips RP, Sack L, Sun IF, Tello JS, Thomas DW, Turner BL, Vela Díaz DM, Vrška T, Weiblen GD, Wolf A, Yap S, Myers JA. Plant diversity increases with the strength of negative density dependence at the global scale. Science 2018; 356:1389-1392. [PMID: 28663501 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Theory predicts that higher biodiversity in the tropics is maintained by specialized interactions among plants and their natural enemies that result in conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). By using more than 3000 species and nearly 2.4 million trees across 24 forest plots worldwide, we show that global patterns in tree species diversity reflect not only stronger CNDD at tropical versus temperate latitudes but also a latitudinal shift in the relationship between CNDD and species abundance. CNDD was stronger for rare species at tropical versus temperate latitudes, potentially causing the persistence of greater numbers of rare species in the tropics. Our study reveals fundamental differences in the nature of local-scale biotic interactions that contribute to the maintenance of species diversity across temperate and tropical communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A LaManna
- Tyson Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott A Mangan
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Norman A Bourg
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA.,National Research Program - Eastern Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- Ecology Laboratory, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
- Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Li-Wan Chang
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Min Chiang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - George B Chuyong
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Richard Condit
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Susan Cordell
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama.,Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tucker J Furniss
- Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Christian P Giardina
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Fangliang He
- Joint Lab for Biodiversity Conservation, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU)-University of Alberta, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert W Howe
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chang-Fu Hsieh
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Faith M Inman-Narahari
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - David Janík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Kenfack
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama.,Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lisa Korte
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J Larson
- Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - James A Lutz
- Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA.,Forest Ecology Group, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Hervé R Memiaghe
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- Ecology Laboratory, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea.,Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Perry S Ong
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - David A Orwig
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey G Parker
- Forest Ecology Group, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | | | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - J Sebastián Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Gardens, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Duncan W Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Dilys M Vela Díaz
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tomáš Vrška
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - George D Weiblen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Amy Wolf
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Sandra Yap
- Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Tyson Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Suwanvecho U, Brockelman WY, Nathalang A, Santon J, Matmoon U, Somnuk R, Mahannop N. High interannual variation in the diet of a tropical forest frugivore (Hylobates lar
). Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udomlux Suwanvecho
- Ecology Lab, BIOTEC; Klong Luang; 113 Science Park, Klong 1 Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- Ecology Lab, BIOTEC; Klong Luang; 113 Science Park, Klong 1 Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; Mahidol University; Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya Phutthamonthon Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- Ecology Lab, BIOTEC; Klong Luang; 113 Science Park, Klong 1 Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Jantima Santon
- Ecology Lab, BIOTEC; Klong Luang; 113 Science Park, Klong 1 Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Umaporn Matmoon
- Ecology Lab, BIOTEC; Klong Luang; 113 Science Park, Klong 1 Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Rathasart Somnuk
- Ecology Lab, BIOTEC; Klong Luang; 113 Science Park, Klong 1 Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Narong Mahannop
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation; National Park Division; 61 Phaholyothin Rd Jatujak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand
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Asensio N, José-Domínguez JM, Kongrit C, Brockelman WY. The ecology of white-handed and pileated gibbons in a zone of overlap and hybridization in Thailand. Am J Phys Anthropol 2017; 163:716-728. [PMID: 28726303 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study of related species in contact zones can elucidate what factors mediate species coexistence and geographical distributions. We investigated niche overlap and group interactions of two gibbon species and their hybrids co-occurring in a zone of overlap and hybridization. METHODS The location, composition and behavior of white-handed, pileated, and mixed-species gibbon groups were studied by following them during 31 consecutive months in a relatively large part of the contact zone. RESULTS Twenty groups of white-handed gibbon were mapped followed by nine groups of pileated gibbons and five mixed-species groups. White-handed, pileated and mixed-species groups had similar sizes and composition, ate a high proportion of fruits, shared a large number of species in their diets, and presented similar habitat preferences. Group home range sizes did not differ between species and overlapped little with neighboring groups irrespective of species, and intraspecific and interspecific encounter rates were similar. DISCUSSION Ecological similarities support that competition between the gibbon species exists and takes the form of interspecific territoriality. However, we could not find any clear mechanism of niche partitioning favoring coexistence between species. Our findings suggest that the contact zone is unstable and is maintained by dispersal inward from groups of the parental species. The relatively low numbers of mixed-species groups and hybrids found suggests a high degree of premating reproductive isolation, perhaps mediated by interspecific miscommunication. The existence of hybrids and backcrosses potentially undetectable from phenotypic characters alone raises the possibility of more widespread introgression than has been evident. Hence, while interspecific territoriality should reduce the rate of gene transfer, it would not necessarily present a barrier to introgression into contiguous populations of the opposite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Asensio
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | | | - Chalita Kongrit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rachathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Warren Y Brockelman
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.,Ecology Laboratory, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khong 2, Pathum Thani 12123, Thailand
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21
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Manawatthana S, Laosinchai P, Onparn N, Brockelman WY, Round PD. Phylogeography of bulbuls in the genus Iole (Aves: Pycnonotidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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22
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Webb EL, Wijedasa LS, Theilade I, Merklinger F, van de Bult M, Steinmetz R, Brockelman WY. James F. Maxwell: Classic Field Botanist, Inimitable Character. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward L. Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; 14 Science Drive 4 117543 Singapore
| | - Lahiru S. Wijedasa
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; 14 Science Drive 4 117543 Singapore
| | - Ida Theilade
- Forest and Landscape; Univ. of Copenhagen; Rolighedsvej 23; DK-1958 Frb, C Denmark
| | | | - Martin van de Bult
- Doi Tung Development Project; Social Development Department; 920 M 7 Mae Fah Luang, A. Mae Fah Luang, Chiang Rai, 57240 Thailand
| | | | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- Ecology Lab, Bioresources Technology Unit; BIOTEC, 113 Science Park, Klong 1, Klong Luang; Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
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23
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Bartlett TQ, Light LE, Brockelman WY. Long‐term home range use in white‐handed gibbons (
Hylobates lar
) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Am J Primatol 2015; 78:192-203. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thad Q. Bartlett
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Lydia E.O. Light
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- Ecology LaboratoryBIOTEC Central Research Unit, National Science and Technology Development AgencyThailand
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24
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McConkey KR, Brockelman WY, Saralamba C, Nathalang A. Effectiveness of primate seed dispersers for an “oversized” fruit,Garcinia benthamii. Ecology 2015; 96:2737-47. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1931.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Chanthorn W, Ratanapongsai Y, Brockelman WY, Allen MA, Favier C, Dubois MA. Viewing tropical forest succession as a three-dimensional dynamical system. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-015-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Davies SJ, Bennett AC, Gonzalez-Akre EB, Muller-Landau HC, Wright SJ, Abu Salim K, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alonso A, Baltzer JL, Basset Y, Bourg NA, Broadbent EN, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Burslem DFRP, Butt N, Cao M, Cardenas D, Chuyong GB, Clay K, Cordell S, Dattaraja HS, Deng X, Detto M, Du X, Duque A, Erikson DL, Ewango CEN, Fischer GA, Fletcher C, Foster RB, Giardina CP, Gilbert GS, Gunatilleke N, Gunatilleke S, Hao Z, Hargrove WW, Hart TB, Hau BCH, He F, Hoffman FM, Howe RW, Hubbell SP, Inman-Narahari FM, Jansen PA, Jiang M, Johnson DJ, Kanzaki M, Kassim AR, Kenfack D, Kibet S, Kinnaird MF, Korte L, Kral K, Kumar J, Larson AJ, Li Y, Li X, Liu S, Lum SKY, Lutz JA, Ma K, Maddalena DM, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Marthews T, Mat Serudin R, McMahon SM, McShea WJ, Memiaghe HR, Mi X, Mizuno T, Morecroft M, Myers JA, Novotny V, de Oliveira AA, Ong PS, Orwig DA, Ostertag R, den Ouden J, Parker GG, Phillips RP, Sack L, Sainge MN, Sang W, Sri-Ngernyuang K, Sukumar R, Sun IF, Sungpalee W, Suresh HS, Tan S, Thomas SC, Thomas DW, Thompson J, Turner BL, Uriarte M, Valencia R, Vallejo MI, Vicentini A, Vrška T, Wang X, Wang X, Weiblen G, Wolf A, Xu H, Yap S, Zimmerman J. CTFS-ForestGEO: a worldwide network monitoring forests in an era of global change. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:528-49. [PMID: 25258024 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Global change is impacting forests worldwide, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services including climate regulation. Understanding how forests respond is critical to forest conservation and climate protection. This review describes an international network of 59 long-term forest dynamics research sites (CTFS-ForestGEO) useful for characterizing forest responses to global change. Within very large plots (median size 25 ha), all stems ≥ 1 cm diameter are identified to species, mapped, and regularly recensused according to standardized protocols. CTFS-ForestGEO spans 25 °S-61 °N latitude, is generally representative of the range of bioclimatic, edaphic, and topographic conditions experienced by forests worldwide, and is the only forest monitoring network that applies a standardized protocol to each of the world's major forest biomes. Supplementary standardized measurements at subsets of the sites provide additional information on plants, animals, and ecosystem and environmental variables. CTFS-ForestGEO sites are experiencing multifaceted anthropogenic global change pressures including warming (average 0.61 °C), changes in precipitation (up to ± 30% change), atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur compounds (up to 3.8 g N m(-2) yr(-1) and 3.1 g S m(-2) yr(-1)), and forest fragmentation in the surrounding landscape (up to 88% reduced tree cover within 5 km). The broad suite of measurements made at CTFS-ForestGEO sites makes it possible to investigate the complex ways in which global change is impacting forest dynamics. Ongoing research across the CTFS-ForestGEO network is yielding insights into how and why the forests are changing, and continued monitoring will provide vital contributions to understanding worldwide forest diversity and dynamics in an era of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama; Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA
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27
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Osterberg P, Samphanthamit P, Maprang O, Punnadee S, Brockelman WY. Gibbon (Hylobates lar) reintroduction success in Phuket, Thailand, and its conservation benefits. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:492-501. [PMID: 25597291 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We summarize the results from a long-term gibbon reintroduction project in Phuket, Thailand, and evaluate its benefits to conservation. Between October 2002 and November 2012, eight breeding families of white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) were returned to the wild in Khao Phra Thaew non-hunting area (KPT). Wild gibbons were extirpated from Phuket Island by the early 1980s, but the illegal wildlife trade has continued to bring young gibbons from elsewhere to the island's popular tourist areas as pets and photo props. The Gibbon Rehabilitation Project (GRP) has rescued and rehabilitated confiscated and donated captive gibbons since 1992 and aims to repopulate the island's last sizable forest area. Following unsuccessful early attempts at translocation in the 1990s, GRP has now developed specific methods for gibbon reintroduction that have led to the establishment of a small independent, reproducing population of captive-raised and wild-born gibbons on Phuket. Eleven infants have been born wild within the reintroduced population, including a second generation wild-born gibbon in September 2012. Benefits of the GRP project include restoration of the gibbon population on Phuket, rescue of illegally kept gibbons, public education, training of personnel in gibbon conservation work, and gaining experience which may prove useful in saving more severely threatened species. It is unlikely that gibbon (and other large primate) translocations will make a significant contribution to conservation of the species as a whole, and primate translocation projects should not be judged solely by this criterion.
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McConkey KR, Brockelman WY, Saralamba C. Mammalian Frugivores With Different Foraging Behavior Can Show Similar Seed Dispersal Effectiveness. Biotropica 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim R. McConkey
- School of Natural Sciences and Engineering; National Institute of Advanced Studies; Indian Institute of Science Campus; Bangalore 560012 India
- A.V. Rama Rao Research Foundation; 54 Sai Enclave Habshiguda Hyderabad 50000 India
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- Ecology Lab; Bioresources Technology Unit; Biotec; 113 Science Park Paholyothin Road Klong Luang PathumThani 12120 Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; Mahidol University; Salaya Campus Phutthamonthon Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Chanpen Saralamba
- Conservation Biology Program; Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus; 199 Moo 9 Lumsum SaiYok Kanchanaburi 71150 Thailand
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Asensio
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies; Mahidol University; Nakorn Pathom Thailand
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- Conservation Genetics and Ecology Group; Institute of Molecular Biosciences; Mahidol University; Nakorn Pathom Thailand
- Ecology Laboratory; Bioresources Technology Unit (Biotec); Science Park Klong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Suchinda Malaivijitnond
- Primate Research Unit; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Ulrich H. Reichard
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Ecology; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale IL U.S.A
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30
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Khamcha D, Savini T, Westcott DA, McKeown A, Brockelman WY, Chimchome V, Gale GA. Behavioral and Social Structure Effects on Seed Dispersal Curves of a Forest-Interior Bulbul (Pycnonotidae) in a Tropical Evergreen Forest. Biotropica 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daphawan Khamcha
- Conservation Ecology Program; School of Bioresources and Technology; King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi; 49 Bangkhuntien-Chaithalay Road Thakham, Bangkhuntien Bangkok 10150 Thailand
| | - Tommaso Savini
- Conservation Ecology Program; School of Bioresources and Technology; King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi; 49 Bangkhuntien-Chaithalay Road Thakham, Bangkhuntien Bangkok 10150 Thailand
| | - David A. Westcott
- CSIRO Ecosystem Science Atherton; 780 Maunds Road Atherton Qld 4883 Australia
| | - Adam McKeown
- CSIRO Ecosystem Science Atherton; 780 Maunds Road Atherton Qld 4883 Australia
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- Ecology Laboratory; Bioresources Technology Unit; 113 Thailand Science Park Paholyothin Road Khlongluang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Vijak Chimchome
- Department of Forest Biology; Faculty of Forestry; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngamwongwan Road Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - George A. Gale
- Conservation Ecology Program; School of Bioresources and Technology; King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi; 49 Bangkhuntien-Chaithalay Road Thakham, Bangkhuntien Bangkok 10150 Thailand
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32
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Chanthorn W, Caughlin T, Dechkla S, Brockelman WY. The Relative Importance of Fungal Infection, Conspecific Density and Environmental Heterogeneity for Seedling Survival in a Dominant Tropical Tree. Biotropica 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wirong Chanthorn
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management; Faculty of Environment; Kasetsart University; Ngamwongwan Road; Jatujak; Bangkok; 10900; Thailand
| | | | - Sukhum Dechkla
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management; Faculty of Environment; Kasetsart University; Ngamwongwan Road; Jatujak; Bangkok; 10900; Thailand
| | - Warren Y. Brockelman
- Ecology Laboratory; Bioresources Technology Unit; 113 Science Park, Paholyothin Road; Klong Luang; Pathumthani; 12120; Thailand
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33
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Suwanvecho U, Brockelman WY. Interspecific territoriality in gibbons (Hylobates lar and H. pileatus) and its effects on the dynamics of interspecies contact zones. Primates 2011; 53:97-108. [PMID: 22127502 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-011-0284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the ecology and interspecific interactions of the two gibbon species (Hylobates lar and H. pileatus) that overlap in distribution within a narrow zone of contact in the headwaters of the Takhong River at Khao Yai National Park in central Thailand. The zone is about 10-km wide, with phenotypic hybrids comprising 6.5% of the adult population. We compared species with respect to diet, territory size, intra- and interspecific group encounters, and territory quality. The two gibbon species exploited the same types of resources within their territories despite variation in the relative abundance of food-plant species between territories. The gibbons were interspecifically territorial, and males of both species displayed aggressive behaviors at both intraspecific and interspecific territorial boundaries. There was no marked difference in the amount of overlap between territories of conspecific and heterospecific pairs of groups. Although the habitat was not homogeneous, territory quality did not vary significantly between species. The species have not diverged in habitat preference or in diet. Neither species dominated in interspecific encounters, and both were reproducing well in the contact zone. We analyzed the potential consequences of several types of interspecific interactions on individual dispersal options and on the structure of the contact zone. Interference competition through interspecific territoriality affects the dispersal of individuals into the range of the other species. In general, territorial competition coupled with limited hybridization leads to predictions of a narrow contact zone or parapatry between species; thus, behavioral and ecological interactions between species need to be considered as potential factors in explaining range borders of primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udomlux Suwanvecho
- Ecology Laboratory, Biotec Central Research Unit, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klongluang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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Abstract
Plant species with generalized dispersal mutualisms are considered to be robust to local frugivore extinctions because of redundancy between dispersal agents. However, real redundancy can only occur if frugivores have similar foraging and ranging patterns and if fruit is a limiting resource. We evaluated the quantitative and qualitative contributions of seed dispersers for an endochorus mast-fruiting species, Prunus javanica (Rosaceae) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, to evaluate the potential redundancy of dispersers. Data were collected from tree watches, seed/fruit traps, and seed transects under and away from fruiting trees, feeding and seed deposition by gibbons (Hylobates lar), and evaluations of seed and first-year seedling survival. We identified three clusters of dispersers within the network. Most (>80%) frugivore species observed were small birds and squirrels that were not functional dispersers, dropping most seeds under or very near the tree crown, where seedling survival was ultimately nil. Monkeys (Macaca leonina) were low-quality, short-range dispersers, but they dispersed large numbers of seeds and were responsible for 67% of surviving first-year seedlings. Gibbons and Oriental Pied Hornbills (Anthracoceros albirostris) handled few fruits, but they provided the highest quality service by carrying most seeds away from the canopy to medium and long distances, respectively. Although there was overlap in the deposition patterns of the functional dispersers, they displayed complementary, rather than redundant, roles in seed dispersal. Satiation of all functional dispersers further limited their capacity to "replace" one another. Redundancy must be evaluated at the community level because each type of disperser may shift to different species in the non-masting years of P. javanica. Our results underscore the need for research on broader spatial and temporal scales, which combines studies of dispersal and plant recruitment, to better understand mechanisms that maintain network stability.
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Phoonjampa R, Koenig A, Brockelman WY, Borries C, Gale GA, Carroll JP, Savini T. Pileated Gibbon Density in Relation to Habitat Characteristics and Post-logging Forest Recovery. Biotropica 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brodie JF, Helmy OE, Brockelman WY, Maron JL. Bushmeat poaching reduces the seed dispersal and population growth rate of a mammal-dispersed tree. Ecol Appl 2009; 19:854-863. [PMID: 19544729 DOI: 10.1890/08-0955.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Myriad tropical vertebrates are threatened by overharvest. Whether this harvest has indirect effects on nonhunted organisms that interact with the game species is a critical question. Many tropical birds and mammals disperse seeds. Their overhunting in forests can cause zoochorous trees to suffer from reduced seed dispersal. Yet how these reductions in seed dispersal influence tree abundance and population dynamics remains unclear. Reproductive parameters in long-lived organisms often have very low elasticities; indeed the demographic importance of seed dispersal is an open question. We asked how variation in hunting pressure across four national parks with seasonal forest in northern Thailand influenced the relative abundance of gibbons, muntjac deer, and sambar deer, the sole dispersers of seeds of the canopy tree Choerospondias axillaris. We quantified how variation in disperser numbers affected C. axillaris seed dispersal and seedling abundance across the four parks. We then used these data in a structured population model based on vital rates measured in Khao Yai National Park (where poaching pressure is minimal) to explore how variation in illegal hunting pressure might influence C. axillaris population growth and persistence. Densities of the mammals varied strongly across the parks, from relatively high in Khao Yai to essentially zero in Doi Suthep-Pui. Levels of C. axillaris seed dispersal and seedling abundance positively tracked mammal density. If hunting in Khao Yai were to increase to the levels seen in the other parks, C. axillaris population growth rate would decline, but only slightly. Extinction of C. axillaris is a real possibility, but may take many decades. Recent and ongoing extirpations of vertebrates in many tropical forests could be creating an extinction debt for zoochorous trees whose vulnerability is belied by their current abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedediah F Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA.
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Abstract
Many plants interact with groups of mutualist pollinators and seed dispersers. A key issue for both basic ecology and conservation is whether the different species within these guilds of mutualist animals are functionally equivalent. Comparing the relative effects of sympatric mutualists is important for understanding the evolution of multispecies mutualisms and for predicting mutualism stability in the face of anthropogenic change. However, empirical comparisons of the population-level impacts of mutualist animals on their host plant are rare, particularly for seed dispersal mutualisms in species-rich ecosystems. We compared the influence of three seed-dispersing tropical mammals, lar gibbons (Hylobates lar), sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), and red muntjac deer (Muntiacus muntjak), on the demography of a shared host tree in Thailand, Choerospondias axillaris (Anacardiaceae). Sambar and muntjac dispersed far more C. axillaris seeds than did gibbons. While sambar deposited many seeds under female tree canopies, muntjac were the only disperser to move seeds to open microhabitats, where C. axillaris seed germination, seedling survival, and initial growth are enhanced. Using stage-based population models, we assessed how disperser-specific seed dispersal, variation in the frequency of canopy gap formation, and their interaction influenced the potential population growth of C. axillaris. Large differences in dispersal quantity and small differences in dispersal quality among sambar and gibbons resulted in similar and negligible impacts on the tree's population dynamics. Muntjac, by taking some of the seeds to open microhabitats, are projected to have a greater positive impact on C. axillaris demography than either sambar or gibbons. Model comparisons of population-level species impacts may allow us to predict which ecological interactions are at risk from loss of critical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedediah F Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA.
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Brodie JF, Brockelman WY. Bed site selection of red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) and sambar (Rusa unicolor) in a tropical seasonal forest. Ecol Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-009-0610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chanthorn W, Y. Brockelman W. Seed dispersal and seedling recruitment in the light-demanding tree Choerospondias axillaris in old-growth forest in Thailand. ScienceAsia 2008. [DOI: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2008.34.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Brockelman WY, Reichard U, Treesucon U, Raemaekers JJ. Dispersal, pair formation and social structure in gibbons ( Hylobates lar ). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/s002650050445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
The density of gibbon populations may be estimated by listening for the loud duetted songs of monogamous territorial groups. This method requires a correction factor which must be estimated from the frequency of singing of an adequate number of known study groups. The correction factor and its error were estimated for pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus) in Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary in southeastern Thailand. Among 30 groups studied, 47% sang per day, on average, but the variation between days and the variation in singing frequency between groups were large. Weather conditions, especially windiness, explained some variation in singing. During an area-wide survey of groups in the sanctuary, unexplained variation in singing from day to day accounted for approximately half of the sample error of group density estimated from 1-day listening samples. Error due to day-to-day variability can be reduced by listening for more than one day at each site. Correction factors based on the cumulative proportion of groups heard during longer (2-5-day) sample periods of listening were closer to 1.0, therefore leaving less room for error and bias of the correction factor. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Y Brockelman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Upatham ES, Viyanant V, Brockelman WY, Kurathong S, Ardsungnoen P, Chindaphol U. Predisposition to reinfection by intestinal helminths after chemotherapy in south Thailand. Int J Parasitol 1992; 22:801-6. [PMID: 1428513 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(92)90130-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rates of reinfection by the intestinal helminths hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura after chemotherapy were studied in two villages in Phang-Nga Province, southern Thailand. It was found that intensity of infection levels attained after reinfection correlated positively with pretreatment intensities of infection for all parasites. This implies that certain persons in the community are predisposed to receiving high numbers of worms, due either to environmental or personal risk factors. Therefore, it would be advantageous to identify such persons and treat them preferentially. Targeted chemotherapy, however, should be combined with efforts to identify the risk factors that vary within the community and direct educational efforts or environmental intervention towards the section of the community most affected by the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Upatham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sithithaworn P, Brockelman WY, Brockelman C. Transmission of Angiostrongylus cantonensis through the giant African snail Achatina fulica: an experimental study. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1991; 22 Suppl:200-5. [PMID: 1822886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Observations on transmission of the rat lung worm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, from rats to the snail intermediate host. Achatina fulica, in a vacant lot in Bangkok are described. The prevalence of A. cantonensis increased with snail age until 200 days of age when it attained a plateau of 50-60%. The overall prevalence was 53%. The worm burden slowly rose with age until 200 days of age beyond which it remained relatively constant. The highest mean worm burden of 5,478 was observed in the oldest age group. The parasite distribution in the snail population was highly aggregated both within each age class and in the overall population. Experiments on susceptibility of snails to laboratory infection revealed that worm recovery was dependent on dose of first stage larval infection but was independent of snail size in the range of 4-8 cm. The percent worm recovery of third stage larvae was negatively correlated with dose of infection, and no density-dependent effects of worm burden on worm size were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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Upatham ES, Viyanant V, Brockelman WY, Kurathong S, Lee P, Chindaphol U. Prevalence, incidence, intensity and associated morbidity of intestinal helminths in south Thailand. Int J Parasitol 1989; 19:217-28. [PMID: 2785975 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(89)90010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Intensive surveys for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm were carried out in two villages in Phang Nga Province, southern Thailand, in order to measure prevalence, estimate incidence and determine the relation between intensity of infection and morbidity before and after chemotherapy. The study populations were a small upland village community (Nai Tone) and a grade school in a small coastal village (Boh Saen). About half of the Nai Tone villagers were given a broad spectrum antihelminthic (albendazole), and the Boh Saen students were all treated successively with three drugs: piperazine citrate to treat for Ascaris, pyrantel pamoate to treat for hookworm, and mebendazole to treat for Trichuris. Stool examinations were made using the quick Kato smear technique, questionnaires were administered concerning a variety of possible symptoms, and anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters were measured both before and after treatment. The prevalence of Ascaris was 31.0 and 22.6%, hookworm was 89.1 and 88.0% and Trichuris was 59.7 and 77.8% in the Nai Tone and Boh Saen study populations, respectively. Average intensity of Ascaris was highest in the 0-9 year age class (greater than 32,000 epg) in Nai Tone Village. Hookworm intensity of infection was higher in males than in females in all age classes, and in Nai Tone Village at least 25% of males and 20% of females had 8000 or more epg of faeces. Trichuris intensity of infection was highest between 5 and 10 years of age in both populations. The only signs or symptoms showing a significant (P less than 0.05) difference between high and low classes of intensity of infection and a significant improvement (P less than 0.01) after drug treatment, were headache and flatulance in the case of hookworm infection in Boh Saen School. The presence of multiple infections made testing of hypotheses concerning particular parasite species difficult.
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Upatham ES, Viyanant V, Brockelman WY, Kurathong S, Lee P, Kraengraeng R. Rate of re-infection by Opisthorchis viverrini in an endemic northeast Thai community after chemotherapy. Int J Parasitol 1988; 18:643-9. [PMID: 3170073 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(88)90099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Brockelman WY, Upatham ES, Viyanant V, Hirunraks A. Measurement of incidence of the human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, in northeast Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1987; 81:327-35. [PMID: 3617199 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(87)90255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A survey of a community in northeast Thailand where Opisthorchis viverrini is endemic permitted comparison of two methods of measuring incidence: direct determination of the rate at which an uninfected group became infected between two surveys a year apart, and estimation of incidence from age-specific prevalence data using a logarithmic regression method. Both methods revealed that incidence increased with age in young children, and estimation from age-prevalence data showed that the increase was roughly linear from near birth to about age 5 years, beyond which no clear trend in incidence was evident. A catalytic infection model incorporating an infection rate increasing from birth to age 5, and remaining constant thereafter, gave an excellent fit to age-prevalence profiles. Both methods of determining incidence are sensitive to errors in diagnosis, but the direct determination method is more sensitive to the presence of false negatives. A method for correcting this bias is given. The regression method, which was less sensitive to yearly variation in incidence and is easier to use, is recommended for preliminary surveys to identify villages with high transmission intensity.
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Brockelman WY, Upatham ES, Viyanant V, Ardsungnoen S, Chantanawat R. Field studies on the transmission of the human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, in northeast Thailand: population changes of the snail intermediate host. Int J Parasitol 1986; 16:545-52. [PMID: 3781736 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(86)90091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Upatham ES, Brockelman WY, Viyanant V, Lee P, Kaengraeng R, Prayoonwiwat B. Incidence of endemic Opisthorchis viverrini infection in a village in northeast Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1985; 34:903-6. [PMID: 4037181 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence, measured as the proportion of persons whose stools become positive within one year, was studied in endemic Opisthorchis viverrini, the human liver fluke, in a northeastern Thai village over a two-year period. Incidence was higher in males than in females, especially in children under five years of age. It was at least 47% overall in the first year of the study, but declined to below 20% per year in the second. This is attributed to drying of a local water reservoir and decline in availability of infective stages in fish. The fluctuation of incidence is probably due to the large variations in rainfall from year to year. The rate of reversion from positive to negative varied from 2% to 6% per year.
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