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Russo SE, McMahon SM, Detto M, Ledder G, Wright SJ, Condit RS, Davies SJ, Ashton PS, Bunyavejchewin S, Chang-Yang CH, Ediriweera S, Ewango CEN, Fletcher C, Foster RB, Gunatilleke CVS, Gunatilleke IAUN, Hart T, Hsieh CF, Hubbell SP, Itoh A, Kassim AR, Leong YT, Lin YC, Makana JR, Mohamad MB, Ong P, Sugiyama A, Sun IF, Tan S, Thompson J, Yamakura T, Yap SL, Zimmerman JK. The interspecific growth-mortality trade-off is not a general framework for tropical forest community structure. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 5:174-183. [PMID: 33199870 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resource allocation within trees is a zero-sum game. Unavoidable trade-offs dictate that allocation to growth-promoting functions curtails other functions, generating a gradient of investment in growth versus survival along which tree species align, known as the interspecific growth-mortality trade-off. This paradigm is widely accepted but not well established. Using demographic data for 1,111 tree species across ten tropical forests, we tested the generality of the growth-mortality trade-off and evaluated its underlying drivers using two species-specific parameters describing resource allocation strategies: tolerance of resource limitation and responsiveness of allocation to resource access. Globally, a canonical growth-mortality trade-off emerged, but the trade-off was strongly observed only in less disturbance-prone forests, which contained diverse resource allocation strategies. Only half of disturbance-prone forests, which lacked tolerant species, exhibited the trade-off. Supported by a theoretical model, our findings raise questions about whether the growth-mortality trade-off is a universally applicable organizing framework for understanding tropical forest community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Russo
- School of Biological Science and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC, USA.,Forest Ecology Group, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Matteo Detto
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Glenn Ledder
- Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Stuart J Davies
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | - Peter S Ashton
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin
- Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Corneille E N Ewango
- Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Management & Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | | | - C V Savi Gunatilleke
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Terese Hart
- Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba Project, Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Chang-Fu Hsieh
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akira Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yao Tze Leong
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yi Ching Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Remy Makana
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Mohizah Bt Mohamad
- Forest Department Sarawak, Bangunan Wisma Sumber Alam, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Perry Ong
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Anna Sugiyama
- School of Life Sciences, Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualian, Taiwan
| | - Sylvester Tan
- Smithsonian ForestGEO, Lambir Hills National Park, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Jill Thompson
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PR, USA
| | - Takuo Yamakura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PR, USA
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Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Davies SJ, Bennett AC, Gonzalez-Akre EB, Muller-Landau HC, Wright SJ, Abu Salim K, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alonso A, Baltzer JL, Basset Y, Bourg NA, Broadbent EN, Brockelman WY, Bunyavejchewin S, Burslem DFRP, Butt N, Cao M, Cardenas D, Chuyong GB, Clay K, Cordell S, Dattaraja HS, Deng X, Detto M, Du X, Duque A, Erikson DL, Ewango CEN, Fischer GA, Fletcher C, Foster RB, Giardina CP, Gilbert GS, Gunatilleke N, Gunatilleke S, Hao Z, Hargrove WW, Hart TB, Hau BCH, He F, Hoffman FM, Howe RW, Hubbell SP, Inman-Narahari FM, Jansen PA, Jiang M, Johnson DJ, Kanzaki M, Kassim AR, Kenfack D, Kibet S, Kinnaird MF, Korte L, Kral K, Kumar J, Larson AJ, Li Y, Li X, Liu S, Lum SKY, Lutz JA, Ma K, Maddalena DM, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Marthews T, Mat Serudin R, McMahon SM, McShea WJ, Memiaghe HR, Mi X, Mizuno T, Morecroft M, Myers JA, Novotny V, de Oliveira AA, Ong PS, Orwig DA, Ostertag R, den Ouden J, Parker GG, Phillips RP, Sack L, Sainge MN, Sang W, Sri-Ngernyuang K, Sukumar R, Sun IF, Sungpalee W, Suresh HS, Tan S, Thomas SC, Thomas DW, Thompson J, Turner BL, Uriarte M, Valencia R, Vallejo MI, Vicentini A, Vrška T, Wang X, Wang X, Weiblen G, Wolf A, Xu H, Yap S, Zimmerman J. CTFS-ForestGEO: a worldwide network monitoring forests in an era of global change. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:528-49. [PMID: 25258024 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Global change is impacting forests worldwide, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services including climate regulation. Understanding how forests respond is critical to forest conservation and climate protection. This review describes an international network of 59 long-term forest dynamics research sites (CTFS-ForestGEO) useful for characterizing forest responses to global change. Within very large plots (median size 25 ha), all stems ≥ 1 cm diameter are identified to species, mapped, and regularly recensused according to standardized protocols. CTFS-ForestGEO spans 25 °S-61 °N latitude, is generally representative of the range of bioclimatic, edaphic, and topographic conditions experienced by forests worldwide, and is the only forest monitoring network that applies a standardized protocol to each of the world's major forest biomes. Supplementary standardized measurements at subsets of the sites provide additional information on plants, animals, and ecosystem and environmental variables. CTFS-ForestGEO sites are experiencing multifaceted anthropogenic global change pressures including warming (average 0.61 °C), changes in precipitation (up to ± 30% change), atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur compounds (up to 3.8 g N m(-2) yr(-1) and 3.1 g S m(-2) yr(-1)), and forest fragmentation in the surrounding landscape (up to 88% reduced tree cover within 5 km). The broad suite of measurements made at CTFS-ForestGEO sites makes it possible to investigate the complex ways in which global change is impacting forest dynamics. Ongoing research across the CTFS-ForestGEO network is yielding insights into how and why the forests are changing, and continued monitoring will provide vital contributions to understanding worldwide forest diversity and dynamics in an era of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama; Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA
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Abstract
Long-term studies have revealed that the structure and dynamics of many tropical forests are changing, but the causes and consequences of these changes remain debated. To learn more about the forces driving changes within tropical forests, we investigated shifts in tree species composition over the past 25 years within the 50-ha Forest Dynamics Plot on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, and examined how observed patterns relate to predictions of (1) random population fluctuations, (2) carbon fertilization, (3) succession from past disturbance, (4) recovery from an extreme El Niño drought at the start of the study period, and (5) long-term climate change. We found that there have been consistent and directional changes in the tree species composition. These shifts have led to increased relative representations of drought-tolerant species as determined by the species' occurrence both across a gradient of soil moisture within BCI and across a wider precipitation gradient from a dry forest near the Pacific coast of Panama to a wet forest near its Caribbean coast. These nonrandom changes cannot be explained by stochastic fluctuations or carbon fertilization. They may be the legacy of the El Niño drought, or alternatively, potentially reflect increased aridity due to long-term climate change. By investigating compositional changes, we increased not only our understanding of the ecology of tropical forests and their responses to large-scale disturbances, but also our ability to predict how future global change will impact some of the critical services provided by these important ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Feeley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA.
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Chave J, Condit R, Muller-Landau HC, Thomas SC, Ashton PS, Bunyavejchewin S, Co LL, Dattaraja HS, Davies SJ, Esufali S, Ewango CEN, Feeley KJ, Foster RB, Gunatilleke N, Gunatilleke S, Hall P, Hart TB, Hernández C, Hubbell SP, Itoh A, Kiratiprayoon S, Lafrankie JV, Loo de Lao S, Makana JR, Noor MNS, Kassim AR, Samper C, Sukumar R, Suresh HS, Tan S, Thompson J, Tongco MDC, Valencia R, Vallejo M, Villa G, Yamakura T, Zimmerman JK, Losos EC. Assessing evidence for a pervasive alteration in tropical tree communities. PLoS Biol 2008; 6:e45. [PMID: 18318600 PMCID: PMC2270308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Amazonian tropical forests, recent studies have reported increases in aboveground biomass and in primary productivity, as well as shifts in plant species composition favouring fast-growing species over slow-growing ones. This pervasive alteration of mature tropical forests was attributed to global environmental change, such as an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, nutrient deposition, temperature, drought frequency, and/or irradiance. We used standardized, repeated measurements of over 2 million trees in ten large (16-52 ha each) forest plots on three continents to evaluate the generality of these findings across tropical forests. Aboveground biomass increased at seven of our ten plots, significantly so at four plots, and showed a large decrease at a single plot. Carbon accumulation pooled across sites was significant (+0.24 MgC ha(-1) y(-1), 95% confidence intervals [0.07, 0.39] MgC ha(-1) y(-1)), but lower than reported previously for Amazonia. At three sites for which we had data for multiple census intervals, we found no concerted increase in biomass gain, in conflict with the increased productivity hypothesis. Over all ten plots, the fastest-growing quartile of species gained biomass (+0.33 [0.09, 0.55] % y(-1)) compared with the tree community as a whole (+0.15 % y(-1)); however, this significant trend was due to a single plot. Biomass of slow-growing species increased significantly when calculated over all plots (+0.21 [0.02, 0.37] % y(-1)), and in half of our plots when calculated individually. Our results do not support the hypothesis that fast-growing species are consistently increasing in dominance in tropical tree communities. Instead, they suggest that our plots may be simultaneously recovering from past disturbances and affected by changes in resource availability. More long-term studies are necessary to clarify the contribution of global change to the functioning of tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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5
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John R, Dalling JW, Harms KE, Yavitt JB, Stallard RF, Mirabello M, Hubbell SP, Valencia R, Navarrete H, Vallejo M, Foster RB. Soil nutrients influence spatial distributions of tropical tree species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:864-9. [PMID: 17215353 PMCID: PMC1783405 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0604666104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of niche vs. neutral assembly mechanisms in structuring tropical tree communities remains an important unsettled question in community ecology [Bell G (2005) Ecology 86:1757-1770]. There is ample evidence that species distributions are determined by soils and habitat factors at landscape (<10(4) km(2)) and regional scales. At local scales (<1 km(2)), however, habitat factors and species distributions show comparable spatial aggregation, making it difficult to disentangle the importance of niche and dispersal processes. In this article, we test soil resource-based niche assembly at a local scale, using species and soil nutrient distributions obtained at high spatial resolution in three diverse neotropical forest plots in Colombia (La Planada), Ecuador (Yasuni), and Panama (Barro Colorado Island). Using spatial distribution maps of >0.5 million individual trees of 1,400 species and 10 essential plant nutrients, we used Monte Carlo simulations of species distributions to test plant-soil associations against null expectations based on dispersal assembly. We found that the spatial distributions of 36-51% of tree species at these sites show strong associations to soil nutrient distributions. Neutral dispersal assembly cannot account for these plant-soil associations or the observed niche breadths of these species. These results indicate that belowground resource availability plays an important role in the assembly of tropical tree communities at local scales and provide the basis for future investigations on the mechanisms of resource competition among tropical tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert John
- *Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - James W. Dalling
- *Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Kyle E. Harms
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Joseph B. Yavitt
- Department of Natural Resources, 16 Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Robert F. Stallard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resource Division, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - Matthew Mirabello
- Department of Natural Resources, 16 Fernow Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Stephen P. Hubbell
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- **Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, 2502 Miller Plant Sciences, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Renato Valencia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Apartado Postal 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Hugo Navarrete
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Apartado Postal 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martha Vallejo
- Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 37, Number 8-40 Mezzanine, Bogotá, Colombia; and
| | - Robin B. Foster
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605
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Condit R, Pitman N, Leigh EG, Chave J, Terborgh J, Foster RB, Núñez P, Aguilar S, Valencia R, Villa G, Muller-Landau HC, Losos E, Hubbell SP. Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees. Science 2002; 295:666-9. [PMID: 11809969 DOI: 10.1126/science.1066854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The high alpha-diversity of tropical forests has been amply documented, but beta-diversity-how species composition changes with distance-has seldom been studied. We present quantitative estimates of beta-diversity for tropical trees by comparing species composition of plots in lowland terra firme forest in Panama, Ecuador, and Peru. We compare observations with predictions derived from a neutral model in which habitat is uniform and only dispersal and speciation influence species turnover. We find that beta-diversity is higher in Panama than in western Amazonia and that patterns in both areas are inconsistent with the neutral model. In Panama, habitat variation appears to increase species turnover relative to Amazonia, where unexpectedly low turnover over great distances suggests that population densities of some species are bounded by as yet unidentified processes. At intermediate scales in both regions, observations can be matched by theory, suggesting that dispersal limitation, with speciation, influences species turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Condit
- Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, USA
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Condit R, Ashton PS, Baker P, Bunyavejchewin S, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N, Hubbell SP, Foster RB, Itoh A, LaFrankie JV, Lee HS, Losos E, Manokaran N, Sukumar R, Yamakura T. Spatial patterns in the distribution of tropical tree species. Science 2000; 288:1414-8. [PMID: 10827950 DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5470.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fully mapped tree census plots of large area, 25 to 52 hectares, have now been completed at six different sites in tropical forests, including dry deciduous to wet evergreen forest on two continents. One of the main goals of these plots has been to evaluate spatial patterns in tropical tree populations. Here the degree of aggregation in the distribution of 1768 tree species is examined based on the average density of conspecific trees in circular neighborhoods around each tree. When all individuals larger than 1 centimeter in stem diameter were included, nearly every species was more aggregated than a random distribution. Considering only larger trees (>/= 10 centimeters in diameter), the pattern persisted, with most species being more aggregated than random. Rare species were more aggregated than common species. All six forests were very similar in all the particulars of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Condit
- Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, USA.
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9
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Condit R, Ashton PS, Manokaran N, LaFrankie JV, Hubbell SP, Foster RB. Dynamics of the forest communities at Pasoh and Barro Colorado: comparing two 50-ha plots. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1999; 354:1739-48. [PMID: 11605618 PMCID: PMC1692684 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1999.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics of the Pasoh forest in Peninsular Malaysia were assessed by drawing a comparison with a forest in Panama, Central America, whose dynamics have been thoroughly described. Census plots of 50 ha were established at both sites using standard methods. Tree mortality at Pasoh over an eight-year interval was 1.46% yr(-1) for all stems > or = 10 mm diameter at breast height (dbh), and 1.48% yr(-1) for stems > or = 100 mm dbh. Comparable figures at the Barro Colorado Island site in Panama (BCI) were 2.55% and 2.03%. Growth and recruitment rates were likewise considerably higher at BCI than at Pasoh. For example, in all trees 500-700 mm in dbh, mean BCI growth over the period 1985-1995 was 6 mm yr(-1), whereas mean Pasoh growth was about 3.5 mm yr(-1). Examining growth and mortality rates for individual species showed that the difference between the forests can be attributed to a few light-demanding pioneer species at BCI, which have very high growth and mortality; Pasoh is essentially lacking this guild. The bulk of the species in the two forests are shade-tolerant and have very similar mortality, growth and recruitment. The Pasoh forest is more stable than BCI's in another way as well: few of its tree populations changed much over the eight-year census interval. In contrast, at BCI, over 10% of the species had populations increasing or decreasing at a rate of >0.05 yr(-1) compared to just 2% of the species at Pasoh). The faster species turnover at BCI can probably be attributed to severe droughts that have plagued the forest periodically over the past 30 years; Pasoh has not suffered such extreme events recently. The dearth of pioneer species at Pasoh is associated with low-nutrient soil and slow litter breakdown, but the exact mechanisms behind this association remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Condit
- Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, USA.
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10
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Hubbell SP, Foster RB, O'Brien ST, Harms KE, Condit R, Wechsler B, Wright SJ. Light-Gap disturbances, recruitment limitation, and tree diversity in a neotropical forest. Science 1999; 283:554-7. [PMID: 9915706 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5401.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Light gap disturbances have been postulated to play a major role in maintaining tree diversity in species-rich tropical forests. This hypothesis was tested in more than 1200 gaps in a tropical forest in Panama over a 13-year period. Gaps increased seedling establishment and sapling densities, but this effect was nonspecific and broad-spectrum, and species richness per stem was identical in gaps and in nongap control sites. Spatial and temporal variation in the gap disturbance regime did not explain variation in species richness. The species composition of gaps was unpredictable even for pioneer tree species. Strong recruitment limitation appears to decouple the gap disturbance regime from control of tree diversity in this tropical forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- SP Hubbell
- S. P. Hubbell, S. T. O'Brien, B. Wechsler, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. R. B. Foster, K. E. Harms, R. Condit, S. J. Wright, S. Loo de Lao, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Post
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11
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Condit R, Sukumar R, Hubbell SP, Foster RB. Predicting Population Trends from Size Distributions: A Direct Test in a Tropical Tree Community. Am Nat 1998; 152:495-509. [PMID: 18811360 DOI: 10.1086/286186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Condit
- Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948
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Loveless MD, Hamrick JL, Foster RB. Population structure and mating system in Tachigali versicolor, a monocarpic neotropical tree. Heredity (Edinb) 1998. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rezents KJ, Foster RB, Goldstein MD. The As, Bs, Cs, Ds, & Es of hepatitis. AAOHN J 1998; 46:205-17; quiz 218-9. [PMID: 9668727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1. Hepatitis may be caused by a variety of agents, including viruses (e.g., hepatitis A-E viruses) and certain chemicals (e.g., acute toxic hepatitis from exposure to hepatotoxins). Hepatitis also may occur secondary to other illnesses (e.g., tuberculosis, bilary obstruction, etc.). 2. The nurse needs to be aware of potential etiologies, modes of transmission, and the clinical course associated with the various types of hepatitis. 3. Hepatitis is often preventable. The nurse should be aware of control measures for viral hepatitis which include pre-exposure and post-exposure vaccinations, the use of universal precautions, proper hygiene practices, and cautious eating and drinking. Control of chemical exposures in the workplace reduces the risk of developing acute toxic hepatitis.
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MESH Headings
- Education, Nursing, Continuing
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/virology
- Humans
- Infection Control
- Prevalence
- Primary Prevention
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Rezents
- Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Wills C, Condit R, Foster RB, Hubbell SP. Strong density- and diversity-related effects help to maintain tree species diversity in a neotropical forest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:1252-7. [PMID: 11038601 PMCID: PMC19777 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.4.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific density-dependent effects in the Barro Colorado Island (Panama) study area are far stronger, and involve far more species, than previously had been suspected. Significant effects on recruitment, many extremely strong, are seen for 67 out of the 84 most common species in the plot, including the 10 most common. Significant effects on the intrinsic rate of increase are seen in 54 of the 84 species. These effects are far more common than interspecific effects, and are predominantly of the type that should maintain tree diversity. As a result, the more diverse an area in the forest is, the higher is the overall rate of increase of the trees in that area, although sheer crowding has by itself a negative effect. These findings are consistent with, but do not prove, an important role for host-pathogen interactions (defined broadly) in the maintenance of diversity. Ways are suggested by which to test host-pathogen models and competing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wills
- Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Condit R, Hubbell SP, Foster RB. Mortality Rates of 205 Neotropical Tree and Shrub Species and the Impact of a Severe Drought. ECOL MONOGR 1995. [DOI: 10.2307/2963497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jop KM, Askew AM, Foster RB. Development of a water-effect ratio for copper, cadmium, and lead for the Great Works River in Maine using Ceriodaphnia dubia and Salvelinus fontinalis. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1995; 54:29-35. [PMID: 7756782 DOI: 10.1007/bf00196266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Jop
- Springborn Laboratories, Inc., Wareham, Massachusetts 02571, USA
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Thurber DK, Belk MC, Black HL, Jorgensen CD, Hubbell SP, Foster RB. Dispersion and Mortality of Colonies of the Tropical Ant Paraponera clavata. Biotropica 1993. [DOI: 10.2307/2389185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Condit R, Hubbell SP, Foster RB. Recruitment Near Conspecific Adults and the Maintenance of Tree and Shrub Diversity in a Neotropical Forest. Am Nat 1992; 140:261-86. [DOI: 10.1086/285412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hubbell SP, Foster RB. Short-Term Dynamics of a Neotropical Forest: Why Ecological Research Matters to Tropical Conservation and Management. OIKOS 1992. [DOI: 10.2307/3545515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Murawski DA, Hamrick JL, Hubbell SP, Foster RB. Mating systems of two Bombacaceous trees of a neotropical moist forest. Oecologia 1990; 82:501-506. [PMID: 28311475 DOI: 10.1007/bf00319793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/1989] [Accepted: 12/12/1989] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A multilocus mixed mating model was used to analyze the mating systems of two tropical canopy trees in the Bombacaceae that differ in successional status and overall abundance. One population of each species was studied on Barro Colorado Island, Republic of Panama. Population outcrossing estimates of 0.57 and 0.35 from two years indicate a mixed-mating system with intermediate outcrossing levels for the gap-specialist Cavanillesia platanifolia, a relatively rare component of the island flora. Population and individual outcrossing estimates were associated with flowering tree density or degree of spatial isolation. Trees within clusters of flowering individuals have a higher degree of outcrossing than isolated trees. Annual estimates of individual tree outcrossing rates varied greatly as a function of flowering in its nearest neighbors. In contrast to C. platanifolia, Quararibea asterolepis was completely outcrossed and may be self incompatible. Maternal trees of both species had significantly heterogeneous pollen pools indicating non-random outcrossing. Apomixis by sporophytic agamospermy was rejected in C. platanifolia as contributing to the apparent selfing rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Murawski
- Department of Botany, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J L Hamrick
- Department of Botany, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S P Hubbell
- Department of Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - R B Foster
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
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Hosbach RH, Foster RB. Absence of nitrofurantoin from human milk. JAMA 1967; 202:1057. [PMID: 6072610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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