1
|
Ding X, Ma X, Meng P, Yue J, Li L, Xu L. Potential Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Anti-Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:681-693. [PMID: 38706635 PMCID: PMC11070163 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s447514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and aging-related diseases present a global public health problem. Therefore, the development of efficient anti-aging drugs has become an important area of research. Traditional Chinese medicine is an important complementary and alternative branch of aging-related diseases therapy. Recently, a growing number of studies have revealed that traditional Chinese medicine has a certain delaying effect on the progression of aging and aging-related diseases. Here, we review the progress in research into using traditional Chinese medicine for aging and aging-related diseases (including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer). Furthermore, we summarize the potential mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine and provide references for further studies on aging and aging-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- Department of Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Ma
- Department of AIDS Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Meng
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Yue
- Department of AIDS Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangping Li
- Department of Graduate, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liran Xu
- Department of the First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma I, Kataria P, Das J. Cerebral malaria pathogenesis: Dissecting the role of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells as major effectors in disease pathology. Int Rev Immunol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38618863 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2336539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection, with complex pathogenesis involving multiple factors, including the host's immunological response. T lymphocytes, specifically CD4+ T helper cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, are crucial in controlling parasite growth and activating cells for parasite clearance via cytokine secretion. Contrary to this, reports also suggest the pathogenic nature of T lymphocytes as they are often involved in disease progression and severity. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells migrate to the host's brain vasculature, disrupting the blood-brain barrier and causing neurological manifestations. CD4+ T helper cells on the other hand play a variety of functions as they differentiate into different subtypes which may function as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. The excessive pro-inflammatory response in CM can lead to multi-organ failure, necessitating a check mechanism to maintain immune homeostasis. This is achieved by regulatory T cells and their characteristic cytokines, which counterbalance the pro-inflammatory immune response. Maintaining a critical balance between pro and anti-inflammatory responses is crucial for determining disease outcomes in CM. A slight change in this balance may contribute to a disease severity owing to an extreme inflammatory response or unrestricted parasite growth, a potential target for designing immunotherapeutic treatment approaches. The review briefly discusses the pathogenesis of CM and various mechanisms responsible for the disruption of the blood-brain barrier. It also highlights the role of different T cell subsets during infection and emphasizes the importance of balance between pro and anti-inflammatory T cells that ultimately decides the outcome of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Noida, India
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Kataria
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Noida, India
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Noida, India
- Division of Immunology, National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jia L, Liu X, Liu X, Guan Q, Tian Y, Li J, Zhao P. Bufei Yishen formula protects the airway epithelial barrier and ameliorates COPD by enhancing autophagy through the Sirt1/AMPK/Foxo3 signaling pathway. Chin Med 2024; 19:32. [PMID: 38413976 PMCID: PMC10900682 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECT Bufei Yishen formula (BYF), a traditional Chinese medicine alleviates COPD symptoms and suppresses airway epithelial inflammation. In this study, we determined whether BYF protects the airway epithelial barrier from destruction in COPD rats. METHODS The protective effects of BYF on the airway epithelial barrier were examined in a rat COPD model. BEAS-2B epithelial cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to determine the effect of BYF on epithelial barrier function. Transcriptomic and network analyses were conducted to identify the protective mechanisms. RESULTS Oral BYF reduced the severity of COPD in rats by suppressing the decline in lung function, pathological changes, inflammation, and protected airway epithelial barrier function by upregulating apical junction proteins, including occludin (OCLN), zonula occludens (ZO)-1, and E-cadherin (E-cad). BYF treatment reduced epithelial permeability, and increased TEER as well as the apical junction proteins, OCLN, ZO-1, and E-cad in BEAS-2B cells exposed to CSE. Furthermore, 58 compounds identified in BYF were used to predict 421 potential targets. In addition, the expression of 572 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified in CSE-exposed BEAS-2B cells. A network analysis of the 421 targets and 572 DEGs revealed that BYF regulates multiple pathways, of which the Sirt1, AMPK, Foxo3, and autophagy pathways may be the most important with respect to protective mechanisms. Moreover, in vitro experiments confirmed that nobiletin, one of the active compounds in BYF, increased apical junction protein levels, including OCLN, ZO-1, and E-cad. It also increased LC3B and phosphorylated AMPK levels and decreased the phosphorylation of FoxO3a. CONCLUSIONS BYF protects the airway epithelial barrier in COPD by enhancing autophagy through regulation of the SIRT1/AMPK/FOXO3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuefang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Qingzhou Guan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu Y, Li X, Wen D, Huang Z, Yan J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Guo Z. Remote Ischemic Post-conditioning Reduces Cognitive Impairment in Rats Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Possible Involvement in STAT3/STAT5 Phosphorylation and Th17/Treg Cell Homeostasis. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01235-y. [PMID: 38356020 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The inflammatory response following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may lead to Early Brain Injury and subsequently contribute to poor prognosis such as cognitive impairment in patients. Currently, there is a lack of effective strategies for SAH to ameliorate inflammation and improve cognitive impairment in clinical. This study aims to examine the inhibitory impact of remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIPostC) on the body's inflammatory response by regulating Th17/Treg cell homeostasis after SAH. The ultimate goal is to search for potential early treatment targets for SAH. The rat SAH models were made by intravascular puncture of the internal carotid artery. The intervention of RIPostC was administered for three consecutive days immediately after successful modeling. Behavioral experiments including the Morris water maze and Y-maze tests were conducted to assess cognitive functions such as spatial memory, working memory, and learning abilities 2 weeks after successful modeling. The ratio of Th17 cells and Treg cells in the blood was detected using flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the infiltration of neutrophils into the brain. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation levels, receptor-related orphan receptor gamma-t (RORγt), and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) levels were detected by Western blot. The levels of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-2, IL-10, IL-5, etc.) and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-14, etc.) in blood were detected using Luminex Liquid Suspension Chip Assay. RIPostC significantly improved the cognitive impairment caused by SAH in rats. The results showed that infiltration of Th17 cells and neutrophils into brain tissue increased after SAH, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, and TNF-α). This response can be inhibited by RIPostC. Additionally, RIPostC facilitates the transfer of Treg from blood to the brain and triggers the release of anti-inflammatory (IL-2, IL-10, and IL-5) factors to suppress the inflammation following SAH. Finally, it was found that RIPostC increased the phosphorylation of STAT5 while decreasing the phosphorylation of STAT3. RIPostC reduces inflammation after SAH by partially balancing Th17/Treg cell homeostasis, which may be related to downregulation of STAT3 and upregulation of STAT5 phosphorylation, which ultimately alleviates cognitive impairment in rats. Targeting Th17/Treg cell homeostasis may be a promising strategy for early SAH treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoguo Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - DaoChen Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zichao Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhaosi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingwen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Li X, Ma W, Liu F, Huang P, Wei L, Li L, Qian Y. Astragaloside IV restores Th17/Treg balance via inhibiting CXCR4 to improve chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:682-691. [PMID: 37417915 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2228479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a high fatality rate and poses a great threat to human health. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is proven to attenuate cigarette smoke (CS)-induced pulmonary inflammation, based on which this research focuses on the mechanism of AS-IV in COPD. METHODS To evaluate the effects of AS-IV, CD4+ T cells received different concentrations of AS-IV. CD4+ T cell viability, T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) markers and CXCR4 expressions in CD4+ T cells or spleen/lung tissues were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The proportions of Treg and Th17 cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay was employed to determine cytokine contents in serum and lung tissues. RESULTS AS-IV with concentration exceeding 40 µM inhibited CD4+ T cell viability. In vitro, AS-IV suppressed the expressions of CXCR4, retinoid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), and interleukin (IL)-17A as well as Th17 cells but promoted the expressions of forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) and IL-10 as well as Treg cells, while CXCR4 overexpression reversed the effects of AS-IV. In vivo, AS-IV alleviated COPD, and CS-induced Th17/Treg imbalance in mice and reduced CS-induced down-regulation of IL-10 in serum and lung tissues and Foxp3 and up-regulation of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-17A in serum and lung tissues and RORγt. AS-IV mitigated CS-induced CXCR4 up-regulation. Above effects of AS-IV on mice were offset by CXCR4 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS AS-IV restores Th17/Treg balance via impeding CXCR4 to ameliorate COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinxian Huang
- School of Basic Medical, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yechang Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wei Y, Liu X, Jiang Y, Guan Q, Tian Y, Li J, Zhao P. Maintenance of airway epithelial barrier integrity via the inhibition of AHR/EGFR activation ameliorates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using effective-component combination. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154980. [PMID: 37499344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelial barrier dysfunction is highly related to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Effective-component combination (ECC) derived from Bufei Yishen formula (BYF) is an effective treatment regimen for patients with COPD and has previously been found to attenuate COPD and airway epithelial inflammation in rats. PURPOSE To determine the mechanism underlying the protective effects of ECC-BYF against the disruption of the airway epithelial barrier in COPD. METHODS The protective effects of ECC-BYF on the airway epithelial barrier were investigated in a rat COPD model. BEAS-2B epithelial cells were stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to determine the direct effects of ECC-BYF on epithelial barrier function and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/ epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. RESULTS The results revealed that ECC-BYF attenuated COPD in rats and maintained the airway epithelial barrier by upregulating the expression of apical junction proteins, including occludin (OCC), zonula occludens (ZO)-1, and E-cadherin (E-cad). In BEAS-2B cells, ECC-BYF decreased permeability, increased transepithelial electrical resistance, and prevented the decrease in OCC, ZO-1, and E-cad expression induced by CSE exposure. In addition, transcriptomics and network analysis revealed that the protective effects of ECC-BYF may be related to multiple signaling pathways, including ErbB, AHR, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways. ECC-BYF treatment suppressed the protein levels of p-EGFR and p-ERK1/2 and mRNA levels of CYP1A1 in CSE-exposed BEAS-2B cells as well as the protein levels of p-EGFR, p-ERK1/2, and CYP1A1 in the lungs of rats with COPD. In BEAS-2B cells, the AHR agonist FICZ weakened the protective effect of ECC-BYF on the epithelial barrier by suppressing the increase in ZO-1 and OCC expression induced by ECC-BYF and preventing the inhibitory effects of ECC-BYF on EGFR phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the protective effect of ECC-BYF on airway epithelial barrier function. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the suppression of the AHR/EGFR pathway to promote apical junction protein adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Wei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuefang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingzhou Guan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cao X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhao M, Liang L, Yang M, Li J, Peng M, Li W, Yue Y, Zhang H, Li C, Shu Z. Advances in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116229. [PMID: 36773789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally and thus imposes heavy economic burden on patients, their families, and society. Furthermore, COPD seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The concept of "overall regulation" of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of COPD. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this review is to summarize the TCM theories, experimental methods, TCM extracts, active TCM ingredients, and TCM formulas for the treatment of COPD and reveal the effects and mechanisms of TCM treatments on COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article reviewed literature on TCM-based treatments for COPD reported from 2016 to 2021. Relevant scientific studies were obtained from databases that included PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, Google Scholar, The Plant List, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder. RESULTS This review summarized TCM-based theory, experimental methods, active ingredients, and potential toxicities, the effects of TCM extracts and formulations, and their mechanisms for the treatment of COPD. Most investigators have used in vivo models of cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide induction in rats and in vitro models of cigarette smoke extract induction. The active ingredients of TCM used for the treatment of COPD in relevant studies were triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, quinones, glycosides, and alkaloids. TCMs commonly used in the treatment of COPD include antipyretic drugs, tonic medicines, anticough medications, and asthma medications. TCM can treat COPD by suppressing inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and improving airway remodeling. CONCLUSIONS This review enriches the theory of COPD treatments based on TCM, established the clinical significance and development prospects of TCM-based COPD treatments, and provided the necessary theoretical support for the further development of TCM resources for the treatment of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mantong Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lanyuan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengru Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingming Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiming Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, China
| | - Chuanqiu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zunpeng Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arezina R, Chen T, Wang D. Conventional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines: Mechanistic Insights into Therapeutic Landscape of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:447-457. [PMID: 37038544 PMCID: PMC10082417 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s393540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a major public health concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapeutic guidelines for this disease recommend starting with an inhaled bronchodilator, stepping up to combination therapy as necessary, and/or adding inhaled corticosteroids as symptoms and airflow obstruction progress. However, no drug therapy exists to stop disease progression. The mechanistic definition underlying COPD pathogenesis remains poorly understood, it is generally accepted that oxidative stress and the altered immune response of low-grade airway inflammation are major factors contributing to COPD development. There are several potential therapeutic targets that are currently under investigation, including immune regulatory pathways in inflammation and lung-associated steroid resistance induced by oxidative stress signaling cascades. Patients with COPD have increased levels of inflammatory mediators, including lipid and peptide mediators, as well as a network of cytokines and chemokines that maintain inflammatory immune response and recruit circulating cells into the lungs. Many of these pro-inflammatory mediators are regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38 MAPK. Increased oxidative stress is a key driving mechanism in perpetuating inflammation and lung injury. Furthermore, many proteases that degrade elastin fibres are secreted by airway resident infiltrating immune cells in COPD patients. In this perspective, we discuss novel aspects of signaling pathway activation in the context of inflammation and oxidative stress, and the broad view of potential effective pharmacotherapies that target the underlying mechanistic disease process in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radivoj Arezina
- Department of Medical, Stridon Clinical Research, Richmond Upon Thames, London, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Duolao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Correspondence: Duolao Wang, Email
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao R, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Zhai J, Yu J, Liu H, Li M. Eldecalcitol effectively prevents alveolar bone loss by partially improving Th17/Treg cell balance in diabetes-associated periodontitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1070117. [PMID: 36815882 PMCID: PMC9936814 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1070117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes-associated periodontitis (DPD) is an inflammatory and destructive disease of periodontal tissues in the diabetic population. The disease is manifested as more severe periodontal destruction and is more difficult to treat when compared with periodontitis (PD). Eldecalcitol (ELD) is a novel active vitamin D3 analog; however, little clinical evidence is available on its role on improving PD and DPD, and its specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the preventative effects of ELD toward PD and DPD and explored its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Experimental PD and DPD mouse models were established by ligation combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis injection in C57BL/6J and C57BLKS/J Iar- + Leprdb/+Leprdb (db/db) mice, respectively. Simultaneously, ELD (0.25 μg/kg) was orally administered to mice via an intragastric method. Micro-computed tomography (CT), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were used to evaluate alveolar bone alterations in vivo. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were also used to examine gene expression and probe systemic and local changes in Treg and Th17 cell numbers. Additionally, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine changes in STAT3/STAT5 signaling. Results: Micro-CT and HE staining showed that the DPD group had higher alveolar bone loss when compared with the PD group. After applying ELD, alveolar bone loss decreased significantly in both PD and DPD groups, and particularly evident in the DPD group. IHC and TRAP staining also showed that ELD promoted osteoblast activity while inhibiting the number of osteoclasts, and after ELD treatment, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio decreased. More importantly, this decreasing trend was more obvious in the DPD group. Flow cytometry and qRT-PCR also showed that the systemic Th17/Treg imbalance in PD and DPD groups was partially resolved when animals were supplemented with ELD, while immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR data showed the Th17/Treg imbalance was partially resolved in the alveolar bone of both ELD supplemented groups. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining showed increased p-STAT5 and decreased p-STAT3 levels after ELD application. Conclusion: ELD exerted preventative effects toward PD and DPD by partially rectifying Th17/Treg cell imbalance via STAT3/STAT5 signaling. More importantly, given the severity of DPD, we found ELD was more advantageous in preventing DPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Gao
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junzhe Zhai
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Radiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Jian Yu, ; Hongrui Liu,
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Jian Yu, ; Hongrui Liu,
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China,Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guan T, Zhou X, Zhou W, Lin H. Regulatory T cell and macrophage crosstalk in acute lung injury: future perspectives. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:9. [PMID: 36646692 PMCID: PMC9841501 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) describes the injury to endothelial cells in the lungs and associated vessels due to various factors. Furthermore, ALI accompanied by inflammation and thrombosis has been reported as a common complication of SARS-COV-2 infection. It is widely accepted that inflammation and the cytokine storm are main causes of ALI. Two classical anti-inflammatory cell types, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2 macrophages, are theoretically capable of resisting uncontrolled inflammation. Recent studies have indicated possible crosstalk between Tregs and macrophages involving their mutual activation. In this review, we discuss the current findings related to ALI pathogenesis and the role of Tregs and macrophages. In particular, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between Tregs and macrophages in ALI pathogenesis. Understanding the role of Tregs and macrophages will provide the potential targets for treating ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Guan
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi China ,grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Queen Mary university, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Xv Zhou
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi China ,grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Queen Mary university, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| | - Hui Lin
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen JY, Xiao-Yun Tian, Wei SS, Yang YJ, Deng S, Jiao CJ, Wang CJ, Chu KD, Ma XQ, Xu W. Perspectives of herbs and their natural compounds, and herb formulas on treating diverse diseases through regulating complicated JAK/STAT signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:993862. [PMID: 36324680 PMCID: PMC9619051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.993862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling pathways are closely associated with multiple biological processes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, differentiation, immune response, and epigenetics. Abnormal activation of the STAT pathway can contribute to disease progressions under various conditions. Moreover, tofacitinib and baricitinib as the JAK/STAT inhibitors have been recently approved by the FDA for rheumatology disease treatment. Therefore, influences on the STAT signaling pathway have potential and perspective approaches for diverse diseases. Chinese herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which are widespread throughout China, are the gold resources of China and have been extensively used for treating multiple diseases for thousands of years. However, Chinese herbs and herb formulas are characterized by complicated components, resulting in various targets and pathways in treating diseases, which limits their approval and applications. With the development of chemistry and pharmacology, active ingredients of TCM and herbs and underlying mechanisms have been further identified and confirmed by pharmacists and chemists, which improved, to some extent, awkward limitations, approval, and applications regarding TCM and herbs. In this review, we summarized various herbs, herb formulas, natural compounds, and phytochemicals isolated from herbs that have the potential for regulating multiple biological processes via modulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway based on the published work. Our study will provide support for revealing TCM, their active compounds that treat diseases, and the underlying mechanism, further improving the rapid spread of TCM to the world.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chemical Identification and Antioxidant Screening of Bufei Yishen Formula using an Offline DPPH Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Q-Extractive Orbitrap MS/MS. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:1423801. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1423801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has high morbidity and mortality and presents a threat to human health worldwide. Numerous clinical trials have confirmed that Bufei Yishen formula (BYF), an herbal medicine, can alleviate the symptoms of COPD by reducing oxidative stress-mediated inflammation. However, the active components of BYF remain unclear. We developed an efficient ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Extractive Orbitrap mass spectrometry method to identify the composition of BYF and determine its antioxidant profile through an offline screening strategy based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH)-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 189 compounds were identified in BYF extract, including 83 flavonoids, 24 lignans, 20 alkaloids, 15 saponins, 11 terpenoid, 10 saccharides, eight lipids, seven organic acids, two coumarins, two amino acids, and seven other compounds. Among them, 79 compounds were found to have a potential antioxidant activity. In vitro validation indicated that the free radical scavenging activities of rosmarinic acid and calycosin were similar to that of the positive control (DPPH IC50 = 25.72 ± 1.02 and 147.23 ± 25.12 μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, calycosin had a high content in serum after the oral administration of BYF, indicating that calycosin might be the major antioxidant compound in BYF.
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang D, Su L, He C, Chen L, Huang D, Peng J, Yang F, Cao Y, Luo X. Pristimerin alleviates cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:223-235. [PMID: 35833632 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which can exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress. Pristimerin (Pris) is a natural compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We managed to evaluate the protective effects of Pris on CS-induced COPD. The CS-induced COPD mice model and cell model were constructed. The effects of Pris treatment on lung function, inflammatory cell infiltration, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and pathological changes of lung tissues in mice model were evaluated. The impacts of Pris treatment on inflammatory factors, chemokines, and oxidative stress parameters in mice lung tissues and cells were determined by kits. The viability of human bronchial epithelial cells after Pris treatment was tested by CCK-8. The activation of NF-κB pathway was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. CS treatment impaired lung function, reduced weight of mice, and enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration, MPO, and lung tissue damage, but these effects of CS were reversed by Pris treatment. Furthermore, Pris treatment downregulated the levels of malondialdehyde, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL1, and CXLC2, but upregulated superoxide dismutase and catalase levels. Pris treatment could overturn CS-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway. Pris alleviates CS-induced COPD by inactivating NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lianhui Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chaowen He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Licheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongxuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yahui Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Hou Y, Ma X, Cui L, Bao Y, Xie Y, Li S, Meng X, Li J, Bai G. Multi-omics analysis reveals the mechanisms of action and therapeutic regimens of traditional Chinese medicine, Bufei Jianpi granules: Implication for COPD drug discovery. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153963. [PMID: 35121390 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a serious public health challenge in the world. According to the treatment instructions by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2020, bronchiectasis combine with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting anti-muscarinic agents were recommended as the main prescription. However, this symptomatic treatment still has ineluctable limits because it ignored the most pathogenesis mechanism of COPD. As an alternative traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for COPD, Bufei Jianpi granules (BJG) can reduce the frequency and duration of acute exacerbation in COPD patients and improve their quality of life. The evidence demonstrated BJG acts as therapeutics that retarding the airway remodeling process, eliminating phlegm, thrombolysis and improving mitochondrial function. However, the detailed molecular mechanism is still urgently revealed. PURPUSE In this study, we aim to find out the active pharmacodynamic ingredients and reveal the treatment mechanism of active pharmacodynamic ingredients. METHODS Based on the pharmacodynamic evaluation and chemomic profiling of BJG in COPD rats, an integrated multi-omics analysis was performed, including molecular networking, metabonomics, proteomics and bioinformatics. Moreover, focus on the active compounds, we verified the molecular core mechanism by molecular biology methods. RESULTS Pachymic acid, shionone, peiminine and astragaloside A was verified as therapeutic agents for improving the condition of COPD by acting on the EGFR, ERK1, PAI-1 and p53 target, respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, our findings indicated that some compounds in BJG alleviates the pathological process of COPD, which is related to regulating lung function, mucus production, pulmonary embolism and energy metabolism and this will be a benefit complementary to GOLD guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hechen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Xiaoyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Linlin Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yongrui Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yang Xie
- The Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Suyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R., China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiansheng Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Jiansheng Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R., China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li J, Zhao P, Tian Y, Li K, Zhang L, Guan Q, Mei X, Qin Y. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Combination of Five Compounds From Five Chinese Herbal Medicines Used in the Treatment of COPD. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709702. [PMID: 34776947 PMCID: PMC8578279 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective compound combination (ECC; i.e, 20-S-ginsenoside Rh1, astragaloside, icariin, nobiletin, and paeonol), derived from Chinese herbal medicine, significantly ameliorates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats; however, the underlying mechanisms of ECC remain largely unclear. In this study, network pharmacology analysis integrated with experimental validation was used to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of ECC against COPD. ECC targets and COPD genes and targets were identified from multiple databases, and then used for an analysis of protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and biological functioning. BisoGenet was used to comprehensively analyze the hub-network. We validated the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of ECC both in vivo and in vitro. We identified 45 ECC targets, which were mainly related to inflammatory processes, such as the NOD-like and NF-kappa B signaling pathways, hematopoietic cell lineage, Th17 cell differentiation, cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-8 secretion. In addition, 1180 COPD genes and 70 COPD targets were identified as being involved in the biological functions associated with COPD development, such as cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, the TNF signaling pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, regulation of lymphocyte proliferation, and positive regulation of leukocyte migration. Integrative analysis of COPD genes and targets and ECC target networks revealed that 54 genes were mainly involved in the inflammatory process, such as IL-17 signaling, NF-kappa B signaling, innate immune response–activating signal transduction, and macrophage cell differentiation. Six targets (AR, ESR1, HNRNPA1, PAPR1, TP53, and VCAM1) contained in the hub-network and their four related compounds were obtained and recognized as the key molecules associated with the effects of ECC. Molecular docking validation demonstrated that four compounds could bind to six targets that interact with COPD genes. Finally, in vivo and in vitro experiments verified that ECC treatment ameliorated the symptoms of COPD in rats by improving their lung function, reducing pathological changes, and suppressing oxidative responses and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, while inhibiting inflammation in LPS-induced macrophages, which may be associated with NF-kappa B and MAPK signaling regulation. This study demonstrates the therapeutic mechanisms and effects of ECC on COPD via regulation of the underlying inflammatory process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangchen Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lanxi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingzhou Guan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Mei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li J, Wang J, Li Y, Zhao P, Tian Y, Liu X, He H, Jia R. Effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula protects COPD rats against PM2.5-induced oxidative stress via miR-155/FOXO3a pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112918. [PMID: 34773846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) has been identified as a critical risk factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, but therapies for this condition are limited. Effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula (ECC-BYF) exhibits beneficial efficacy on COPD rats. However, its effect on PM2.5-aggravated COPD rats are considered to be uncertain. In this study, we used an established PM2.5-aggravated COPD rat model in vivo to evaluate the protective effect of ECC-BYF, and focused on its antioxidative role in PM2.5-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells via regulating microRNA (miR)-155/ forkhead box class O3a (FOXO3a) pathway. As expected, PM2.5-aggravated COPD rats showed a reduction of lung function, persistent lung inflammation, and remodeling of lung tissue. In comparison, ECC-BYF administration significantly enhanced lung function, alleviated alveolar destruction, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, and collagen deposition, along with diminishing inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress. Furthermore, ECC-BYF pretreatment markedly decreased the fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PM2.5-induced human bronchial epithelial (Beas-2B) cells and primary mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTECs), as well as reversing the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in Beas-2B. Meanwhile, ECC-BYF elevated FOXO3a while inhibiting miR-155 expression dose -dependently. In vitro transfection of miR-155 mimic into Beas-2B significantly decreased FOXO3a protein expression, accompanied by the reduced superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase (CAT) expressions, thus eliminating the protective effect of ECC-BYF on PM2.5-evoked oxidative stress. Nonethless, FOXO3a overexpression could partially restore the antioxidative effect of ECC-BYF. In conclusion, ECC-BYF can protect pre-existing COPD against PM2.5 contamination by exerting a profound antioxidative influence via regulating miR-155/FOXO3a signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Ya Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Institute of Respiratory Disease and Centre Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Xuefang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Huihui He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine Optimizes the Intestinal Microbiota of Exacerbated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9975407. [PMID: 34539809 PMCID: PMC8445717 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9975407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) changes the structure of the intestinal microbiota and activates the acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Previous studies showed that the way to treat COPD and AECOPD via combination of Chinese and Western medicine was successful. However, the effect of the intervention on the structure of the intestinal microbiota has not been studied. In this study, we collected feces from model rats following intervention, integrated with Chinese and Western medicine, and used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to clarify the effect on intestinal microbiota. Methods. Twenty-five rats were randomized into the control, COPD, AECOPD, Western medicine (moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets + salbutamol sulfate tablets, MXF/STL), and integrated Chinese and Western medicine (Tong Sai granules + moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets + salbutamol sulfate tablets + Bu Fei Yi Shen granules + salbutamol sulfate tablets, TMS/FS) groups. Lipopolysaccharide-combined cigarette smoke exposure method was used to simulate the acute exacerbation-stabilization of COPD. Then, the model rats were intervened. Results. The intervention of combination Chinese and Western medicine improved the lung function, decreased the C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Serum Amyloid A (SAA), and relieved pathological damage to the pulmonary alveoli and intestinal mucous of AECOPD rats. The proportion of Firmicutes, TM7, Oscillospira, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Blautia, Treponema, and Turicibacter decreased, whereas that of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Lactobacillus, and Allobaculum increased via the intervention with the combination of Chinese and Western medicine. Conclusions. The intervention with Chinese and Western medicine optimizes the intestinal microbiota structure in AECOPD rat model, which provides a basis for the COPD study in the Chinese medicine.
Collapse
|
18
|
The Role of Respiratory Flora in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Respiratory Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6431862. [PMID: 34435047 PMCID: PMC8382525 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6431862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Large quantities of bacteria, including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, colonize the surface of the respiratory mucosa of healthy people. They interact and coexist with the local mucosal immune system of the human airway, maintaining the immune stability and balance of the respiratory system. While suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, the microbial population in the airway changes and the proportion of Proteobacteria is increased in patients with asthma. The abundance of the microbial population in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is decreased, and conversely, the proportion of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria increased. The diversity of airway microorganisms in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is decreased, while pathogenic bacteria and conditional pathogenic bacteria are proliferated in large numbers. The proportion of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria is increased in patients with upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), which replaces the dominance of Streptococcus and Neisseria in the pharynx of a normal population. Therefore, a clear understanding of the immune process of the airway flora and the immune dysfunction of the flora on the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases can provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of human respiratory diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu M, Wu K, Lin J, Xie Q, Liu Y, Huang Y, Zeng J, Yang Z, Wang Y, Dong S, Deng W, Yang M, Wu S, Jiang W, Li X. Emerging Biological Functions of IL-17A: A New Target in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695957. [PMID: 34305606 PMCID: PMC8294190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes high rates of disability and mortality worldwide because of severe progressive and irreversible symptoms. During the period of COPD initiation and progression, the immune system triggers the activation of various immune cells, including Regulatory T cells (Tregs), dendritic cells (DCs) and Th17 cells, and also the release of many different cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-17A and TGF-β. In recent years, studies have focused on the role of IL-17A in chronic inflammation process, which was found to play a highly critical role in facilitating COPD. Specially, IL-17A and its downstream regulators are potential therapeutic targets for COPD. We mainly focused on the possibility of IL-17A signaling pathways that involved in the progression of COPD; for instance, how IL-17A promotes airway remodeling in COPD? How IL-17A facilitates neutrophil inflammation in COPD? How IL-17A induces the expression of TSLP to promote the progression of COPD? Whether the mature DCs and Tregs participate in this process and how they cooperate with IL-17A to accelerate the development of COPD? And above associated studies could benefit clinical application of therapeutic targets of the disease. Moreover, four novel efficient therapies targeting IL-17A and other molecules for COPD are also concluded, such as Bufei Yishen formula (BYF), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and curcumin, a natural polyphenol extracted from the root of Curcuma longa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinduan Lin
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqiang Xie
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Huang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shiyan Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Song Wu
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xuefeng Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang C, Wang D, Zhao H, Wang J, Liu N, Shi H, Tian J, Wang X, Zhang Z. Traffic-related PM 2.5 and diverse constituents disturb the balance of Th17/Treg cells by STAT3/RORγt-STAT5/Foxp3 signaling pathway in a rat model of asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107788. [PMID: 34162152 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble ions (WSI) and organic extract (OE) in traffic-related particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (TRPM2.5) are potential risk factors for asthma exacerbation. Although CD4+ T lymphocytes mediated immune response is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, the effect of WSI-TRPM2.5 and OE-TRPM2.5 on the balance of Th17/Treg cells in asthma remains poorly understood. In this study, the ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats were repeatedly exposure to TRPM2.5 (3 mg/kg·bw), WSI-TRPM2.5 (1.8 mg/kg·bw, 7.2 mg/kg·bw) and OE-TRPM2.5 (0.6 mg/kg·bw, 2.4 mg/kg·bw) every three days for five times. The inflammation response and hyperemia edema were observed in the lung and trachea tissues. DNA methylation levels of STAT3 and RORγt genes in rats with WSI-TRPM2.5 and OE-TRPM2.5 treatment were decreased. DNA methylation level in STAT5 gene tended to decrease, with no change observed on Foxp3 expression. WSI-TRPM2.5 and OE-TRPM2.5 enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of STAT3 and RORγt while inhibited the expression of STAT5 and Foxp3, which may contribute to the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells (P < 0.05). More importantly, recovered balance of Th17/Treg cell subsets, upregulated p-STAT5 and Foxp3 expression and reduced p-STAT3 and RORγt levels were observed after 5-Aza treatment. Our results demonstrate that the STAT3/RORγt-STAT5/Foxp3 signaling pathway is involved in asthma exacerbation induced by WSI-TRPM2.5 and OE-TRPM2.5 through disrupting the balance of Th17/Treg cells. The alteration of DNA methylation of STAT3, STAT5, and RORγt genes may be involved in asthma exacerbation as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huichao Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang D, Li B, Guo R, Wu J, Yang C, Jiang X, Zhang C, Yan H, Zhao Q, Wang Z, Wang Q, Huang R, Zhang Z, Hu X, Gao L. RAB5C, SYNJ1, and RNF19B promote male ankylosing spondylitis by regulating immune cell infiltration. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1011. [PMID: 34277811 PMCID: PMC8267299 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify the key genes related to male ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to analyze the role of immune cell infiltration in the pathological process of this disease. Methods The AS dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database, and the data of male healthy controls (M_HC) and male AS patients (M_AS) were extracted. R software was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional and pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and the hub genes were screened out. All expression profile data were analyzed by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to screen out the hub genes, which were then intersected with the hub genes from the PPI network to obtain the key genes. Finally, the difference in immune cell infiltration in the two sets of samples was evaluated with CIBERSORT, and the correlation between the key genes and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed. Results A total of 689 DEGs were obtained, of which 395 genes were up-regulated and 294 genes were down-regulated. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to immune response. Based on the PPI analysis, five clusters with high scores were selected. Through WGCNA, 14 gene modules were obtained. The green module with the highest correlation was selected and intersected with the cluster previously obtained to obtain three key genes, RAB5C, SYNJ1, and RNF19B. Immune infiltration analysis found that monocytes and gamma delta T cells may be involved in the process of AS. Also, RAB5C, SYNJ1, and RNF19B are all related to increased levels of monocytes and macrophages. Conclusions RAB5C, SYNJ1, and RNF19B are key DEGs expressed in M_AS and may play a role in the disease’s occurrence and development through regulating immune cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jionglin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canchun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haolin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renyuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xumin Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangbin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou L, Gu W, Kui F, Gao F, Niu Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Guo L, Wang J, Guo Z, Du G. The mechanism and candidate compounds of aged citrus peel ( chenpi) preventing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its progression to lung cancer. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:7526. [PMID: 34262419 PMCID: PMC8254466 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important risk factor for developing lung cancer. Aged citrus peel (chenpi) has been used as a dietary supplement for respiratory diseases in China. Objective To explore the mechanism and candidate compounds of chenpi preventing COPD and its progression to lung cancer. Methods The active components and potential targets of chenpi were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Disease-associated targets of COPD and lung cancer were collected in the Gene Cards and TTD database. The component-target network and PPI network were constructed using the Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. David database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The main active components were verified by using the autodock Vina 1.1.2 software. Mouse lung cancer with COPD was induced by cigarette smoking (CS) combined with urethane injection to confirm preventing the effect of hesperetin (the candidate compound of chenpi) on COPD progression to lung cancer and its underlying mechanisms. Results The network analysis revealed that the key active components of chenpi (nobiletin, naringenin, hesperetin) regulate five core targets (AKT1, TP53, IL6, VEGFA, MMP9). In addition, 103 potential pathways of chenpi were identified. Chenpi can prevent COPD and its progression to lung cancer by getting involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking indicated that hesperetin had better binding activity for core targets. In mouse lung cancer with COPD, treatment with hesperetin dose-dependently improved not only lung tissue injury in COPD but also carcinoma lesions in lung cancer. Meanwhile, hesperetin could suppress the protein expression of AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, MMP9 and up-regulate the protein expression of TP53, and thus reduced the risk of COPD progression to lung cancer. Conclusion Hesperetin is a candidate compound of chenpi that helps in preventing COPD and its progression to lung cancer by regulating AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, MMP9 and TP53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenwen Gu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fuguang Kui
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuji Niu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junru Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Gangjun Du
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industry Technology, Xinzheng, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao Y, Liu Z, Qin L, Wang T, Bai O. Insights into the mechanisms of Th17 differentiation and the Yin-Yang of Th17 cells in human diseases. Mol Immunol 2021; 134:109-117. [PMID: 33756352 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells are a lineage of CD4+ T helper cells with Th17-specific transcription factors RORγt and RoRα. Since its discovery in 2005, research on Th17 has been in rapid progress, and increasing cytokines or transcription factors have been uncovered in the activation and differentiation of Th17 cells. Furthermore, growing evidence proves there are two different subsets of Th17 cells, namely non-pathogenic Th17 (non-pTh17) and pathogenic Th17 (pTh17), both of which play important roles in adaptive immunity, especially in host defenses, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In this review, we summarize and discuss the mechanisms of Th17 cells differentiation, and their roles in immunity and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lei Qin
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ou Bai
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li H, Song S, Kong Z, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Zuo S, Yin S. Regulatory Effects of Andrographolide on Lung Tissue Inflammation and Th17/Treg in Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Induced by Smoking and Lipopolysaccharide. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is complex, and lung tissue inflammation and Th17/Treg imbalance are the key factors causing lung dysfunction. We constructed a rat COPD model induced by smoking and lipopolysaccharide to explore andrographolide’s
regulation on lung inflammation and Th17/Treg in COPD rats. By contrast, the study found that normal rats, COPD rats forced expiratory volume of 0.3 seconds (FEV0.3), FEV0.3/forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) levels decreased. In addition,
the levels of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-6 in alveolar lavage fluid increased, and the level of IL-10 decreased. Concurrently, the total number of white blood cells, monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes increased. Meanwhile, the contents of CD25, CD4, and Foxp3 in
lung tissue all increased, and the protein levels of HMGB1, TLR4, and p65 increased. After treatment with andrographolide, the levels of FEV0.3, FEV0.3/FVC, and PEF increased, proving the increase was positively correlated with the concentration of andrographolide. The
levels of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-6 in rat alveolar lavage fluid decreased, and the level of IL-10 sequentially. The total number of white blood cells, the number of monocytes and macrophages, the number of lymphocytes, and the neutral Granulocytes decreased significantly. And the
contents of CD25, CD4, and Foxp3 in lung tissue significantly decreased, and the protein levels of HMGB1, TLR4, and p65 significantly decreased. The above results indicate that andrographolide might be a potential COPD treatment approach. Andrographolide improves the lung function of rats
with COPD, reduces lung inflammation, regulates Th17/Treg balance, and its mechanism may be related to HMGB1/TLR4/NF-кB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Zhibin Kong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Sheng Zuo
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Shaojun Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang D, Zhou B, Luo ZZ, Yu SC, Tang B. Cigarette smoke extract promotes DNA methyltransferase 3a expression in dendritic cells, inducing Th-17/Treg imbalance via the c-Jun/allograft inflammatory factor 1 axis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:594-603. [PMID: 33611829 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disorder. Although numerous studies on COPD have been conducted, therapeutic strategies for COPD are limited, and its pathological mechanism is still unclear. The present study aimed to explore the role of DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) in dendritic cells (DCs) and the possible role of the Th-17/Treg cell balance in COPD. Immature DCs (iDCs) were induced and cocultured with CD4+ T cells. An in vitro COPD model was established by treatment with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). DNMT3a or allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were inhibited and overexpressed, respectively, by transfection with sh-DNMT3a or sh-AIF1 and JNK overexpression plasmids. The 3- (4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure cell viability. The Th17/Treg cell ratio was determined by flow cytometry. The expression levels of DNMT3a, c-Jun and AIF1 were measured using RT-qPCR or western blotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) was used to confirm the interaction between c-Jun and the AIF1 promoter region. CSE stimulation promoted the expression of DNMT3a, and AIF1, and the ratio of p-c-Jun/c-Jun in iDCs. Besides, the iDC-mediated differentiation of Th17 cells was in a dose-dependent manner. However, knockdown of DNMT3a or AIF1 reversed the above effects caused by CSE. Inhibition of c-Jun signaling by treatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 also suppressed the iDC-mediated differentiation of Th17 cells, which was promoted by CSE. CHIP analysis showed that c-Jun could bind to the promoter region of AIF1. DNMT3a could regulate the iDC-mediated Th17/Treg balance by regulating the c-Jun/AIF1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Chun Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Determining Pharmacological Mechanisms of Chinese Incompatible Herbs Fuzi and Banxia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systems Pharmacology-Based Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2020:8365603. [PMID: 33488748 PMCID: PMC7790578 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8365603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) and Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) are among the 18 incompatible medications that are forbidden from use in one formulation. However, there is increasing evidence implying that this prohibition is not entirely correct. According to the theory of Chinese traditional medicine, they can be used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thus, we analyzed the possible approaches for the treatment of COPD using network pharmacology. The active compounds of Fuzi and Banxia (FB) were collected, and their targets were identified. COPD-related targets were obtained by analyzing the differentially expressed genes between COPD patients and healthy individuals, which were expressed using a Venn diagram of COPD and FB. Protein-protein interaction data and network regarding COPD and drugs used were obtained. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were conducted. The gene-pathway network was constructed to screen the key target genes. In total, 34 active compounds and 47 targets of FB were identified; moreover, 7,153 differentially expressed genes were identified between COPD patients and healthy individuals. The functional annotations of target genes were found to be related to mechanisms such as transcription, cytosol, and protein binding; furthermore, 68 pathways including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, apoptosis, and measles were significantly enriched. FOS CASP3, VEGFA, ESR1, and PTGS2 were the core genes in the gene-pathway network of FB for the treatment of COPD. Our results indicated that the effect of FB against COPD may involve the regulation of immunological function through several specific biological processes and their corresponding pathways. This study demonstrates the application of network pharmacology in evaluating mechanisms of action and molecular targets of herb-opponents FB.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ren Z, Li J, Shen J, Yu H, Mei X, Zhao P, Xiao Z, Wu W. Therapeutic sildenafil inhibits pulmonary damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure and bacterial inhalation in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:116-123. [PMID: 31967915 PMCID: PMC7006811 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1711135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: Clinical reports showed sildenafil beneficial therapy on severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients.Objective: The study investigated therapeutic effects of silenafil on pulmonary damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure and bacterial inhalation in rats.Materials and methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were divided into control group (no exposure, n = 10) and exposure group (n = 50) suffered from cigarette smoke exposure and Klebsiella pneumonia inhalation for 8 weeks. Then rats were orally given normal saline (control group or model group), 2.0, 3.0, or 4.5 mg/kg sildenafil for 4 weeks, respectively. Pulmonary pressure, RVHI and morphological analysis of pulmonary vascular remodeling, respiratory functions assay, morphological analysis of pulmonary alveoli, and expression of PCNA and caspase-3 of epithelial cells in bronchioles wall were examined.Results: Compared to model rats, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.5 mg/kg sildenafil increased VT by -0.6 to 9.58%, PEF by 3.12 to 6.49%, EF50 by 0.81 to 6.50%, decreased mPAP by 4.43 to 25.58%, RVHI by 6.54 to 26.41%, showing a dose-dependent improvement. Furthermore, 4.5 mg/kg sildenafil significantly increased MAN by 39.70%, LA/CSA by 37.07%, decreased muscular pulmonary arteries by 48.00%, WT by 12.83%, MT by 22.89%, caspase-3 expression by 17.71%, and showed improvement on abnormality in lung interstitial and bronchioles by microscopy.Discussion and conclusion: Our results demonstrated that sildenafil decreased pathological changes in alveoli, bronchioles, interstitial tissue, and arterioles of rats with COPD and PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxin Ren
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junling Shen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Mei
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan and Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Xiao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanliu Wu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bisphenol A Exacerbates Allergic Inflammation in an Ovalbumin-Induced Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:7573103. [PMID: 32964057 PMCID: PMC7495229 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7573103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bisphenol A (BPA) is found in many plastic products and is thus a common environmental endocrine disruptor. Plastic-related health problems, including allergic diseases, are attracting increasing attention. However, few experimental studies have explored the effect of BPA on allergic rhinitis (AR). We explore whether BPA was directly related to the allergic inflammation induced by ovalbumin (OVA) in AR mice. Methods We first constructed OVA-induced mouse model, and after BPA administration, we evaluated nasal symptoms and measured the serum OVA-specific IgE levels by ELISA. Th2 and Treg-related cytokines of nasal mucosa were measured by cytometric bead array. Th2 and Treg-specific transcription factor levels were assayed by PCR. The proportions of CD3+CD4+IL-4+Th2 and CD4+Helios+Foxp3+ T cells (Tregs) in spleen tissue were determined by flow cytometry. Results Compared to OVA-only-induced mice, BPA addition increased nasal symptoms and serum OVA-specific IgE levels. OVA and BPA coexposure significantly increased IL-4 and IL-13 protein levels compared to those after OVA exposure alone. BPA plus OVA tended to decrease the IL-10 protein levels compared to those after OVA alone. Coexposure to OVA and BPA significantly increased the GATA-3-encoding mRNA level, and decreased the levels of mRNAs encoding Foxp3 and Helios, compared to those after OVA exposure alone. BPA increased the Th2 cell proportion, and decreased that of Tregs, compared to the levels with OVA alone. Conclusion BPA exerted negative effects by exacerbating AR allergic symptoms, increasing serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and compromising Th2 and Treg responses.
Collapse
|
29
|
Silva LEF, Lourenço JD, Silva KR, Santana FPR, Kohler JB, Moreira AR, Velosa APP, Prado CM, Vieira RP, Aun MV, Tibério IFLC, Ito JT, Lopes FDTQS. Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD development: suppressors of cytokine signaling and signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15287. [PMID: 32943702 PMCID: PMC7499180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17/Treg imbalance contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development and progression. However, intracellular signaling by suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3 and the proteins signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and STAT5 that orchestrate these imbalances are currently poorly understood. Thus, these proteins were investigated in C57BL/6 mice after exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) for 3 and 6 months. The expression of interleukin was measured by ELISA and the density of positive cells in peribronchovascular areas was quantified by immunohistochemistry. We showed that exposure to CS in the 3rd month first induced decreases in the numbers of STAT5+ and pSTAT5+ cells and the expression levels of TGF-β and IL-10. The increases in the numbers of STAT3+ and pSTAT3+ cells and IL-17 expression occurred later (6th month). These findings corroborate the increases in the number of SOCS1+ cells in both the 3rd and 6th months, with concomitant decreases in SOCS3+ cells at the same time points. Our results demonstrated that beginning with the initiation of COPD development, there was a downregulation of the anti-inflammatory response mediated by SOCS and STAT proteins. These results highlight the importance of intracellular signaling in Th17/Treg imbalance and the identification of possible targets for future therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa E F Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana D Lourenço
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaique R Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Paula R Santana
- Laboratory of Studies in Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Bioscience, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia B Kohler
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alyne R Moreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula P Velosa
- Laboratory of Extracelular Matrix, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla M Prado
- Laboratory of Studies in Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Bioscience, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Aun
- Host & Defense Unit, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Fátima L C Tibério
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana T Ito
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda D T Q S Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 - room 1220, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao P, Liu X, Dong H, Tian Y, Feng S, Zhao D, Ren Z, Zhang L, Li J. Bufei Yishen Formula Restores Th17/Treg Balance and Attenuates Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via Activation of the Adenosine 2a Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1212. [PMID: 32848801 PMCID: PMC7427463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bufei Yishen formula (BYF) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) reported to ameliorate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by regulating the balance between T helper (Th) 17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, its mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of BYF. Naïve CD4+ T cells were exposed to anti-CD3, anti-CD28, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and/or interleukin (IL)-6 to promote their differentiation into Th17 or Treg cells. A rat model of cigarette smoke- and bacterial infection-induced COPD was established and orally treated with BYF and/or an adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR) antagonist. Then, the rats were sacrificed, their lung tissues were removed for histological analysis, and their spleens were collected to evaluate Th17 and Treg cells. The results showed that BYF significantly suppressed Th17 cell differentiation and its related cytokines and enhanced Treg cell differentiation and its related cytokines. In addition, BYF activated the A2aR, increased the levels of p-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5, and decreased the level of p-STAT3 in Treg and Th17 cells. The A2aR antagonist suppressed the changes induced by BYF treatment in Th17 and Treg cells. Furthermore, the A2aR antagonist diminished the therapeutic effect of BYF on COPD, as indicated by the lung injury scores, bronchiole wall thickness, small pulmonary vessels wall thickness, bronchiole stenosis, alveolar diameters, decrease in inflammatory cytokines, increase in alveolar number, and lung functions. Similarly, the A2aR antagonist reversed the effects of BYF on the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells in the spleen. Additionally, BYF increased the protein and mRNA levels of A2aR and regulated the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 in spleen and lung tissues, which were inhibited by cotreatment with the A2aR antagonist. In conclusion, this study suggested that BYF exhibited its anti-COPD efficacy by restoring the Th17/Treg balance via activating A2aR, which may provide evidence for the clinical application of BYF in the treatment of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuefang Liu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suxiang Feng
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhouxin Ren
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lanxi Zhang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li J, Ma J, Tian Y, Zhao P, Liu X, Dong H, Zheng W, Feng S, Zhang L, Wu M, Zhu L, Liu S, Zhao D. Effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula II inhibits mucus hypersecretion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats by regulating EGFR/PI3K/mTOR signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112796. [PMID: 32344236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula I (ECC-BYF I), a combination of 10 compounds, including total ginsenosides, astragaloside IV, icariin, and paeonol, etc., is derived from Bufei Yishen formula (BYF). The efficacy and safety of ECC-BYF I is equal to BYF. However, the composition of ECC-BYF I needs to be further optimized. Based on the beneficial effects of BYF and ECC-BYF I on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this study aimed to optimize the composition of ECC-BYF I and to explore the effects and mechanisms of optimized ECC-BYF I (ECC-BYF II) on mucus hypersecretion in COPD rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS ECC-BYF I was initially optimized to six groups: optimized ECC-BYF I (OECC-BYF I)-A~F. Based on a COPD rat model, the effects of OECC-BYF I-A~F on COPD rats were evaluated. R-value comprehensive evaluation was used to evaluate the optimal formula, which was named ECC-BYF II. The changes in goblet cells and expression of mucins and the mRNA and proteins involved in the epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphoinositide-3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (EGFR/PI3K/mTOR) pathway were evaluated to explore the effects and mechanisms of ECC-BYF II on mucus hypersecretion. RESULTS ECC-BYF I and its six optimized groups, OECC-BYF I-A~F, had beneficial effects on COPD rats in improving pulmonary function and lung tissue pathology, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and improving the protease/anti-protease imbalance and collagen deposition. R-value comprehensive evaluation found that OECC-BYF I-E (paeonol, icariin, nobiletin, total ginsenoside, astragaloside IV) was the optimal formula for improving the comprehensive effects (lung function: VT, MV, PEF, EF50, FVC, FEV 0.1, FEV 0.1/FVC; histological changes: MLI, MAN; IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9, TIMP-1, T-AOC, LPO, MUC5AC, Collagen I and Collagen III). OECC-BYF I-E was named ECC-BYF II. Importantly, the effect of ECC-BYF II showed no significant difference from BYF and ECC-BYF I. ECC-BYF II inhibited mucus hypersecretion in COPD rats, which manifested as reducing the expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B and the hyperplasia rate of goblet cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of EGFR, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR were increased in COPD rats and were obviously downregulated after ECC-BYF II administration. CONCLUSION ECC-BYF II, which consists of paeonol, icariin, nobiletin, total ginsenoside and astragaloside IV, has beneficial effects equivalent to BYF and ECC-BYF I on COPD rats. ECC-BYF II significantly inhibited mucus hypersecretion, which may be related to the regulation of the EGFR/PI3K/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Li
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Jindi Ma
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Yange Tian
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Xuefang Liu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Haoran Dong
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Wanchun Zheng
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Suxiang Feng
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Lanxi Zhang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Mingming Wu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Di Zhao
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R., 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li JS, Liu XF, Dong HR, Zheng WC, Feng SX, Tian YG, Zhao P, Ma JD, Ren ZX, Xie Y. Effective-constituent compatibility-based analysis of Bufei Yishen formula, a traditional herbal compound as an effective treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:351-362. [PMID: 32565294 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Critical effective constituents were identified from Bufei Yishen formula (BYF), a traditional herbal compound and combined as effective-constituent compatibility (ECC) of BYF I, which may have potential bioactive equivalence to BYF. METHODS The active constituents of BYF were identified using four cellular models and categorised into Groups 1 (Bufeiqi), 2 (Bushen), 3 (Huatan) and 4 (Huoxue) according to Chinese medicinal theory. An orthogonal design and a combination method were used to determine the optimal ratios of effective constituents in each group and the ratios of "Groups 1 to 4" according to their pharmacological activity. We also comprehensively assessed bioactive equivalence between the BYF and the ECC of BYF I in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). RESULTS We identified 12 active constituents in BYF. The numbers of constituents in Groups 1 to 4 were 3, 2, 5 and 2, respectively. We identified the optimal ratios of effective constituents within each group. In Group 1, total ginsenosides:Astragalus polysaccharide:astragaloside IV ratio was 9:5:2. In Group 2, icariin:schisandrin B ratio was 100:12.5. In Group 3, nobiletin:hesperidin:peimine:peiminine:kaempferol ratio was 4:30:6.25:0:0. In Group 4, paeoniflorin:paeonol ratio was 4:1. An orthogonal design was then used to establish the optimal ratios of Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 in ECC of BYF I. The ratio for total ginsenosides:Astragalus polysaccharide:astragaloside IV:icariin:schisandrin B:nobiletin:hesperidin:peimine:paeoniflorin:paeonol was determined to be 22.5:12.5:5:100:12.5:4:30:6.25:25:6.25. A comprehensive evaluation confirmed that ECC of BYF I presented with bioactive equivalence to the original BYF. CONCLUSION Based on the ECC of traditional Chinese medicine formula method, the effective constituents of BYF were identified and combined in a fixed ratio as ECC of BYF I that was as effective as BYF itself in treating rats with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xue-Fang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao-Ran Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Wan-Chun Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Su-Xiang Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Ge Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Jin-di Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Xin Ren
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shaikh SB, Prabhu A, Bhandary YP. Interleukin-17A: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Chronic Lung Diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:921-928. [PMID: 30652654 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190116115226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has gained a lot of attention because of its involvement in respiratory diseases. Interleukin-17 cytokine family includes six members, out of which, IL-17A participates towards the immune responses in allergy and inflammation. It also modulates the progression of respiratory disorders. OBJECTIVE The present review is an insight into the involvement and contributions of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A in chronic respiratory diseases like Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Distress (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, obliterative bronchiolitis, lung cancer and many others. CONCLUSION IL-17A is a major regulator of inflammatory responses. In all the mentioned diseases, IL- 17A plays a prime role in inducing the diseases, whereas the lack of this pro-inflammatory cytokine reduces the severity of respective respiratory diseases. Thereby, this review suggests IL-17A as an instrumental target in chronic respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Bi Shaikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore -575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore -575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore -575018, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fan ZD, Cao Q, Huang N, Ma L, Ma HH, Zhang YY, Yu HG, Zhou GP. MicroRNA-125b regulates Th17/Treg cell differentiation and is associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. World J Pediatr 2020; 16:99-110. [PMID: 31102153 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in childhood driven by aberrant pathways of T-cell activation. T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) imbalance plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of arthritis. MicroRNA-125b (miR-125b) was upregulated after the activation of the initial CD4+ T cells, and could regulate the differentiation of CD4+ T cells. However, the effects of miR-125b on Th17/Treg imbalance and differentiation of Th17/Treg cells remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the expression of miR-125b in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of children with JIA, and the relationship of miR-125b with Th17/Treg imbalance. Then, we used lentivirus vector-mediated overexpression technology to investigate the regulatory function of miR-125b in CD4+ T cells or dendritic cell/CD4+ T co-culture system. RESULTS Decreased miR-125b expression in PBMCs and CD4+ T cells of JIA patients was negatively correlated with the ratio of Th17/Treg cells. It also correlated negatively with retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt but positively with Forkhead box protein 3 at transcriptional levels. Furthermore, we found that miR-125b overexpression inhibited Th17 cell differentiation, whereas facilitated the differentiation of Treg cells. MiR-125b upregulation led to the decrease of Th17-secreting cytokines but the increase of the Treg-secreting cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that miR-125b participated in regulating Th17/Treg cell differentiation and imbalance in JIA patients. These findings provide novel insight into the critical role of miR-125b in the Th17/Treg imbalance of JIA, and raise the distinct possibility that miR-125b may prove to be a potential therapeutic target for JIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Le Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hui-Hui Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ya-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hai-Guo Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Polak KL, Chernosky NM, Smigiel JM, Tamagno I, Jackson MW. Balancing STAT Activity as a Therapeutic Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111716. [PMID: 31684144 PMCID: PMC6895889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by dysregulated IL-6 family member cytokine signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME), aberrant signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and (STAT5) activation have been identified as key contributors to tumorigenesis. Following transformation, persistent STAT3 activation drives the emergence of mesenchymal/cancer-stem cell (CSC) properties, important determinants of metastatic potential and therapy failure. Moreover, STAT3 signaling within tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils drives secretion of factors that facilitate metastasis and suppress immune cell function. Persistent STAT5 activation is responsible for cancer cell maintenance through suppression of apoptosis and tumor suppressor signaling. Furthermore, STAT5-mediated CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in suppression of immunosurveillance. We discuss these roles for STAT3 and STAT5, and weigh the attractiveness of different modes of targeting each cancer therapy. Moreover, we discuss how anti-tumorigenic STATs, including STAT1 and STAT2, may be leveraged to suppress the pro-tumorigenic functions of STAT3/STAT5 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Polak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Noah M Chernosky
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jacob M Smigiel
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Ilaria Tamagno
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Feng F, Du J, Meng Y, Guo F, Feng C. Louqin Zhisou Decoction Inhibits Mucus Hypersecretion for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Rats by Suppressing EGFR-PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway and Restoring Th17/Treg Balance. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6471815. [PMID: 30800170 PMCID: PMC6360623 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6471815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Airway mucus hypersecretion is the main pathogenic factor in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and the control of mucus secretion is closely associated with survival. Louqin Zhisou decoction (LQZS) has been found to improve lung function and reduce sputum in AECOPD patients, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of LQZS against mucus hypersecretion in lung tissues of rat AECOPD model. Wistar rats were used to establish AECOPD model by intratracheal instillation of LPS in combination with the continuous cigarette smoking. Rats were administrated LQZS/clarithromycin (CAM)/distilled water via gavage every day and all rats were sacrificed after 30 days. BALF and lung tissues were obtained. Lung morphology, cytokines levels, MUC5AC mRNA transcription and protein expression, phosphorylation of the EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and molecules involved in Th17/Treg balance were evaluated. The results demonstrated that LQZS protected rats from decline in pulmonary function and ameliorated lung injury. LQZS treatment decreased the number of goblet cells in airway and suppressed MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression of lung tissues. Furthermore, LQZS attenuated the level of phospho-EGFR, phospho-PI3K and phospho-AKT in AECOPD rats. In addition, LQZS could inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines in BALF, including IL-6 and IL-17A and downregulate the secretion of NE and MCP-1, indicating that LQZS could limit inflammatory responses in AECOPD. Moreover, LQZS reversed RORγt and Foxp3 expression, the key transcription factors of Th17 and Treg, respectively. In conclusion, this research demonstrated the inhibitory effects of LQZS against mucus hypersecretion in AECOPD via suppressing EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and restoring Th17/Treg balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jianchao Du
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shunyi Branch, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Yufeng Meng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Cuiling Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Baicalin Exerts Anti-Airway Inflammation and Anti-Remodelling Effects in Severe Stage Rat Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7591348. [PMID: 30402133 PMCID: PMC6196890 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7591348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide epidemic. Current approaches are disappointing due to limited improvement of the disease development. The present study established 36-week side stream cigarette smoke induced rat model of COPD with advanced stage feature and evaluted the effects of baicalin on the model. Fifty-four Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups including room air control, cigarette smoke exposure, baicalin (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg, and 160 mg/kg), and budesonide used as a positive control. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke from 3R4F research cigarettes. Pulmonary function was evaluated and pathological changes were also observed. Cytokine level related to airway inflammation and remodelling in blood serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue was determined. Blood gases and HPA axis function were also examined, and antioxidant levels were quantified. Results showed that, after treatment with baicalin, lung function was improved and histopathological changes were ameliorated. Baicalin also regulated proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory balance and also airway remodelling and anti-airway remodelling factors in blood serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Antioxidant capacity was also increased after treatment with baicalin in COPD rat model. HPA axis function was improved in baicalin treated groups as compared to model group. Therefore, baicalin exerts lung function protection, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation, anti-airway remodelling, and antioxidant role in long term CS induced COPD model.
Collapse
|