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Gomaa HH, Amin DY, Ahmed AR, Ismail NA, El Dougdoug KA, Abd-Elhalim BT. Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antiviral investigations using egyptian phoenix dactylifera L. pits extract. AMB Express 2024; 14:44. [PMID: 38722390 PMCID: PMC11082101 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Phoenix dactylifera L. and its wastes are known to be high in nutrients that are beneficial to human health. The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antiviral properties of Phoenix dactylifera L. pits extract (PDPE) in vitro. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated phenol, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl), tetradecanoic acid, octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, á-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, and heptaethylene glycol monododecyl ether existence. The PDPE influenced pathogenic microorganisms, with inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) ranging from 10.0 to 35.0 mm. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 5638 had the highest IZD, while Salmonella typhi DSM 17058 and Shigella sonnei DSM 5570 had the lowest. The antifungal effect observed only in spore failure or conidia formation. PDPE showed a 100% antibacterial spectrum against bacteria, with MIC values between 250 and 1000 µg/ml. MIC was only indicated with S. aureus of 500 µg/ml. MBC values ranged from 500 to 1000 g/ml, with MBC values of 500 g/ml for B. cereus, E. faecalis, S. typhi, and S. sonnei. The activity was 66.7% at 500 µg/ml, further concentrations of 125-250 g/ml had no antibacterial effect. PDPE biofilm inhibition % had the highest percentage of inhibition (98.59%) with S. aureus, B. cereus (94.12%), and E. coli (74.46%). With 50% (CC50) viral activity, the highest non-toxic PDPE dose was found to be at 123.0 µg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa H Gomaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dalia Y Amin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Alaaeldin R Ahmed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nader A Ismail
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El Dougdoug
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, PO Box 68-Hadayek Shoubra, Shubra El-Khaimah, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Basma T Abd-Elhalim
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, PO Box 68-Hadayek Shoubra, Shubra El-Khaimah, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
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AbouZeid EM, Afifi AH, Hussei RA, Salama AA, Youssef FS, El-Ahmady SH, Ammar NM. Phoenix dactylifera L.: An Overview of Phytochemical Constituents and Impact on Women's Health. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400456. [PMID: 38687201 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) is the most significant member of the palm family (Arecaceae), particularly in the Middle East and Arab World. It is a valuable source of both primary and secondary metabolites including sugars, amino acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, carotenoids, phytosterols, terpenes and sphingolipids, besides vitamins and minerals. Besides, it possesses a wide array of pharmacologic activities viz. immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer activities, in addition to its positive effects on male and female fertility. Further research is still required to deeply understand its clinical implications, especially concerning women's health. Moreover, there are other Phoenix species that still need to be investigated to learn more about their undiscovered phytochemical components and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enaam M AbouZeid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Afifi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Hussei
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Sherweit H El-Ahmady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Nayila I, Sharif S, Lodhi MS, Rehman MFU, Aman F. Synthesis, characterization and anti-breast cancer potential of an incensole acetate nanoemulsion from Catharanthus roseus essential oil; in silico, in vitro, and in vivo study. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32335-32362. [PMID: 37928847 PMCID: PMC10621725 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06335f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of phytocompounds and essential oils have undergone extensive research in the medical and pharmaceutical sectors due to their extensive usage. In spite of the fact that these molecules are widely used, terpenes, terpenoids, and their derivatives have not yet been well characterized. This study intends to evaluate the prospective activity of incensole acetate (IA), a compound identified and isolated from Catharanthus roseus essential oil by GC/MS analysis and column chromatography, and to analyze the anticancer effect of an IA biosynthesized nanoemulsion against breast cancer. The in silico activity of IA against breast cancer targets was observed by molecular docking, ADMET assessment and molecular dynamics simulations. The IA-mediated nanoformulation exhibited cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines at an effective concentration when analyzed by MTT and crystal violet assay. The increased interleukin serum indicators were significantly improved as a result of nanoemulsion treatment in a DMBA-induced rat model. In addition, the anticancer properties of IA biosynthesized nanoemulsion are supported due to their potential effects on biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and upon tumor growth profiling in cancer-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Nayila
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sharif
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan
| | - Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan
| | | | - Farhana Aman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore Sargodha Campus Sargodha Pakistan
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Abdelbaky AS, Tammam MA, Ali MY, Sharaky M, Selim K, Semida WM, Abd El-Mageed TA, Ramadan MF, Oraby HF, Diab YM. Antioxidant and Anticancer Assessment and Phytochemical Investigation of Three Varieties of Date Fruits. Metabolites 2023; 13:816. [PMID: 37512523 PMCID: PMC10386203 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits contain high concentrations of phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids and other micronutrients, which impact human health due to their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer characteristics. In the present study, the effect of ethyl acetate, hydroethanol, hydromethanol, and aqueous extract from three date palm varieties (i.e., Ajwa, Siwi, and Sukkari) on phytochemical profiles and antioxidant and anticancer activities was investigated. Fruit extracts were screened for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH· method. Phenolic constituents were quantified and identified using HPLC-DAD. Extracts (ethyl acetate, hydroethanol, and hydromethanol) were assessed for cytotoxicity on nine human cancer cell lines, i.e., MG-63, HCT116, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, HEPG2, HUH7, A549, H460, and HFB4, using the sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of the Sukkari fruits has the greatest antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 132.4 ± 0.3 μg·mL-1, while the aqueous extract of Ajwa date fruits exhibited the lowest antioxidant effect with an IC50 value of 867.1 ± 0.3 μg·mL-1. The extracts exhibited potent to moderate anticancer activities against the investigated cancer cell line in a source-dependent manner. Methanol extract of Siwi fruits exhibited the most potent anticancer activity (IC50 = 99 ± 1.6 µg·mL-1), followed by the same extract of Sukkari fruits with an IC50 value of 119 ± 3.5 µg·mL-1 against the cell line of human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231). Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was investigated to determine the relationship among the investigated traits and treatments. Our findings reveal that date palm fruit-derived extracts are excellent sources of biologically active constituents and substantiate their potential use in new anticancer strategies from natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abdelbaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tammam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yassin Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza 11796, Egypt
| | - Khaled Selim
- Department Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Wael M Semida
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F Oraby
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser M Diab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
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Ayed-Boussema I, Rjiba-Touati K, Hamdi H, Chaabani H, Abid-Essefi S. Oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis induced by the acaricide, fenpyroximate, on cultured human colon cancer HCT 116 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 89:105587. [PMID: 36933581 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Fenpyroximate (FEN) is an acaricide that inhibits mitochondrial electron transport at the NADH-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase (complex I). The present study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underling FEN toxicity on cultured human colon carcinoma cells (HCT116). Our data showed that FEN induced HCT116 cell mortality in a concentration dependent manner. FEN arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase and increased DNA damage as assessed by comet assay. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed in HCT116 cells exposed to FEN by AO-EB staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay. Moreover, FEN induced a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased p53 and Bax mRNA expression and decreased bcl2 mRNA level. An increase in caspase 9 and caspase 3 activities was also detected. All toghether, these data suggest that FEN induce apoptosis in HCT116 cells via mitochondrial pathway. To check the implication of oxidative stress in FEN-induced cell toxicity, we examined the oxidative stress statue in HCT116 cells exposed to FEN and we tested the effect of a powerful antioxidant, N-acetylcystein (NAC), on FEN-caused toxicity. It was observed that FEN enhanced ROS generation and MDA levels and disturbed SOD and CAT activities. Besides, cell treatment with NAC significantly protected cells from mortality, DNA damage, loss of MMP, and caspase 3 activity induced by FEN. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing that FEN induced mitochondrial apoptosis via ROS generation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ayed-Boussema
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17 University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Tunisia.
| | - Karima Rjiba-Touati
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17 University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17 University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Chaabani
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17 University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17 University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
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Bolling BW, Aune D, Noh H, Petersen KS, Freisling H. Dried Fruits, Nuts, and Cancer Risk and Survival: A Review of the Evidence and Future Research Directions. Nutrients 2023; 15:1443. [PMID: 36986173 PMCID: PMC10051070 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried fruits and nuts contain high amounts of nutrients and phytochemicals-all of which may have anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This narrative review summarizes the evidence for dried fruits and nuts and cancer incidence, mortality, and survival and their potential anticancer properties. The evidence for dried fruits in cancer outcomes is limited, but existing studies have suggested an inverse relationship between total dried fruit consumption and cancer risk. A higher consumption of nuts has been associated with a reduced risk of several site-specific cancers in prospective cohort studies, including cancers of the colon, lung, and pancreas, with relative risks per 5 g/day increment equal to 0.75 (95% CI 0.60, 0.94), 0.97 (95% CI 0.95, 0.98), and 0.94 (95% CI 0.89, 0.99), respectively. A daily intake of total nuts of 28 g/day has also been associated with a 21% reduction in the rate of cancer mortality. There is also some evidence that frequent nut consumption is associated with improved survival outcomes among patients with colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer; however, further studies are needed. Future research directions include the investigation of additional cancer types, including rare types of cancer. For cancer prognosis, additional studies with pre- and postdiagnosis dietary assessment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W. Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Lovisenberggata 13, 0456 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hwayoung Noh
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Environment, INSERM U1296, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 25 Avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France
| | - Kristina S. Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, 508 Human Sciences Building, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 25 Avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, CEDEX 07, 69366 Lyon, France
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Genotoxic damage and apoptosis in rat glioma (F98) cell line following exposure to bromuconazole. Neurotoxicology 2023; 94:108-116. [PMID: 36370923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bromuconazole, a fungicide from the triazole family, is widely used to protect the crop from various fungal contaminations to increase product quality and productivity. Although the massive use of bromuconazole poses a serious risk to human health, the exact mechanism of bromuconazole toxicity, especially on brain support cells, called glia cells, remains unclear so far. This study aimed to determine the mechanism of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of bromuconazole via inspection of apoptotic death in rat glioma (F98) cells. We observed that bromuconazole treatment caused concentration-dependent cell death with an IC50 of 60 µM, and disruption of the cytoskeleton was observed via immunocytochemical analysis. Further, bromuconazole inhibits cell proliferation, it arrests the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and so inhibits DNA synthesis. Genotoxic analysis showed that bromuconazole exposition causes DNA fragmentation (comet assay) and nuclear condensation (DAPI staining). Apoptotic cell death was confirmed through: positive Annexin-V/FITC-PI dyes, p53 and Bax overexpression, Bcl2 repression, an increase in Bax/BCL-2 ratios of the mRNA, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and an increase of caspase-3 activity. All these results demonstrate that bromuconazole exerts its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects through apoptotic cell death, which could implicate mitochondria.
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Gu I, Brownmiller C, Howard L, Lee SO. Chemical Composition of Volatile Extracts from Black Raspberries, Blueberries, and Blackberries and Their Antiproliferative Effect on A549 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12122056. [PMID: 36556421 PMCID: PMC9784840 DOI: 10.3390/life12122056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Berry volatiles are responsible for the berry aroma but there is limited information available on the health-promoting activities of berry volatiles. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the chemical composition of volatile extracts from black raspberries, blueberries, and blackberries and investigate their antiproliferative effect and apoptotic mechanisms on A549 lung cancer cells. The chemical composition of three berry volatile extracts (BVEs) was identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cells were treated with different dilutions of three BVEs for 48 h and determined for cell proliferation and apoptosis. Total volatiles in BVEs were 1.6−3.2 mg/L. Two-fold diluted BVEs significantly inhibited cell proliferation after 48 h, inducing apoptosis (p < 0.05). Blackberry volatile extract significantly reduced the inactive form of apoptotic proteins, including poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP), procaspase-9, and procaspase-3 compared to the control (p < 0.05). Blueberry volatile extract showed higher apoptotic cell death (p < 0.05) with a slightly higher cell population in G0/G1 phase than other berries. These results showed that volatile extracts from three berries have the antiproliferative effect on human lung adenocarcinoma cells partially via apoptosis, suggesting that volatiles from three berries may have potential anti-cancer activity through apoptosis in lung cancer.
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Fludioxonil, a phenylpyrrol pesticide, induces Cytoskeleton disruption, DNA damage and apoptosis via oxidative stress on rat glioma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gu H, Yi T, Lin P, Hu J. Study on essential oil, antioxidant activity, anti-human prostate cancer effects, and induction of apoptosis by Equisetum arvense. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we have reported the chemical composition of Equisetum arvense essential oil and the anti-cancer activity of the plant against the prostate cancer cell line. The essential oil was obtained using the hydro-distillation assay. The chemical composition was identified using the gas chromatographic methods including gas chromatography/flame ionization detector and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil and extract was evaluated using classical methods. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was run to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the essential oil and extract on the prostate cancer cell line of lymph node carcinoma of the prostate. The induction apoptosis of the extract was analyzed by a flow cytometer. Thymol acetate (14.7%), trans-carveol (12.5%), thymol (11.8%), and δ-elemene (9.4%) were identified as the main compounds for the essential oil. The extract scavenged the free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 15.2 ± 1.4 μg/mL for the plant extract. In the MTT assay, the IC50 of the extract and essential oil were 25.2 ± 0.3 and 218.9 ± 10.7 μg/mL after 72 h. The highest apoptosis was 31.6% for the plant extract. The obtained results of the present study revealed that E. arvense can be introduced as a potent agent to prevent the growth of prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Gu
- Department of Urology, Yichun People’s Hospital , Yichun City , Jiangxi, 336000 , China
| | - Ting Yi
- Public Health Department, Yichun City Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Yichun City , Jiangxi, 336000 , China
| | - Pengxiu Lin
- Department of Urology, Yichun People’s Hospital , Yichun City , Jiangxi, 336000 , China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Urology, Yichun People’s Hospital , Yichun City , Jiangxi, 336000 , China
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Lahlou A, Chileh-Chelh T, Lyashenko S, Rincón-Cervera MÁ, Rodríguez-García I, López-Ruiz R, Urrestarazu M, Guil-Guerrero JL. Arecaceae fruits: Fatty acids, phenolic compounds and in vitro antitumour activity. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Ghazzawy HS, Gouda MM, Awad NS, Al-Harbi NA, Alqahtani MM, Abdel-Salam MM, Abdein MA, Al-Sobeai SM, Hamad AA, Alsberi HM, Gabr GA, Hikal DM. Potential bioactivity of Phoenix dactylifera fruits, leaves, and seeds against prostate and pancreatic cancer cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:998929. [PMID: 36386915 PMCID: PMC9650284 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.998929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of functional foods' phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of different cancer diseases has become one of the hot scientific areas in the clinical nutrition field. For instance, the Khalas palm cultivar (KPC; Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the natural sustainable resources that have high bioactivity and functionality. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative activity and mode of action of KPC's different parts on prostate (Pc3) and pancreatic (panc1) cancer cells at a molecular level. In the methods, KPC's leaves, seeds, and fruits' chemical composition and phytochemical analysis were analyzed. Also, the cytotoxic effects of each extract were assessed against pc3 and panc1 cell lines. Besides, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, and gene expression of both Cap3 and Cap9 were studied. The obtained results indicated that KPC leaves extract exhibited the highest significant (P < 0.01) anti-proliferation activity against the utilized cancer cell lines compared to fruits and seeds extracts. Also, there were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the phenolic contents, flavonoid of compounds, and antioxidant power of the leaves when compared to the seeds and fruits. Additionally, the highest cytotoxic effect (lowest IC50) was recorded with leave extract than seeds and fruits. Meanwhile, the seeds extract induced (P < 0.05) the apoptosis and arrested cells in the G2/M phase as well as up-regulated the gene expression of the apoptotic-related genes (Casp3 and Casp9) compared to the control group. In conclusion, this study showed that the presence of bioactive components in the KPC different parts extracts have the significant ability to induce the apoptotic pathway that could down-regulate the proliferation of prostate (pc3) and pancreatic (panc1) cancer cells. The pathway mechanism of action was induced by the phytol molecule presented in its leaves extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham S. Ghazzawy
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia,Central Laboratory for Date Palm Research and Development, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt,*Correspondence: Hesham S. Ghazzawy,
| | - Mostafa M. Gouda
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt,Mostafa M. Gouda,
| | - Nabil S. Awad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt,College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt,Nabil S. Awad,
| | | | - Mesfer M. Alqahtani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadimi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdein
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia,Mohamed A. Abdein,
| | - Sanad M. Al-Sobeai
- Sajir College of Arts and Science, Shaqra University, Sharqa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A. Hamad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan M. Alsberi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia,Department of Basic Medical Science and Histopathology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Gabr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia,Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. Hikal
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Specific Education, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Ali Haimoud S, Allem R. Algerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit cultivars: HPLC fingerprinting and antibacterial activity. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The abusive use of antibiotics causes the destruction of intestinal flora and the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Date palm is used in traditional medicine in the Saharan regions due to its biological properties.
The study aimed to identify the phytochemical composition and assess the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts of three date cultivars from Algeria. Their total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents were measured spectrophotometrically. The phytochemical screening was conducted by HPLC fingerprinting using twenty-three pure phenolic compounds as standards. The antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial species was assessed using the disk diffusion method.
The colorimetric methods showed that the total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents ranged from 2.13 ± 0.09 to 2.67 ± 0.02 mg GAE/100 g DW, 1.33 ± 0.21 to 1.55 ± 0.13 mg CEQ/100 g DW, and 0.41 ± 0.23 to 0.47 ± 0.05 mg REQ/100 g DW, respectively. HPLC fingerprinting showed that the extracts of date cultivars served as an excellent source of bioactive compounds (gallic acid, tannic acid, ferulic acid, vanillin, caffeine, quercetin, luteolin, rutin, aspegenin, isorhamnetin, and hesperidin). They also exhibited an antibacterial potential with an inhibition zone diameter ranging from 8.40 to 12.50 mm.
The results clearly demonstrate the antibacterial potency of date palm fruits, which could be attributed to their considerable content of phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, and luteolin.
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Rjiba-Touati K, Ayed-Boussema I, Hamdi H, Azzebi A, Abid S. Bromuconazole fungicide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in cultured human colon carcinoma cells (HCT116) via oxidative stress process. Biomarkers 2022; 27:659-670. [PMID: 35968645 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2098378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bromuconazole, a fungicide belonging to the triazole family, is a plant protection product used to control, repel or destroy fungi that may develop on crops. We investigated the pro-apoptotic effect of bromuconazole and the role of oxidative stress in the death mechanism induced by this fungicide in this study. METHODS The human colon HCT116 cell line was treated with Bromuconazole (IC50/4, IC50/2, and IC50) for 24 h. Cells were collected and analysed for biomarkers of apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress as well as for the assessment of genotoxic damage. RESULTS Our study showed that bromuconazole caused a concentration-dependent increase in cell mortality with an IC50 of 180 µM. Bromuconazole induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and DNA synthesis inhibition. The Comet assay showed that bromuconazole caused DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Bromuconazole-induced apoptosis was observed by, Annexin-V/FITC-PI and BET/AO staining, by mitochondrial membrane depolarisation, and by increased caspase-3 activity. In addition, bromuconazole induced a significant increase in ROS and lipid peroxidation levels and a disruption in SOD and CAT activities. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) strongly prevents cytotoxic and genotoxic damage caused by bromuconazole. CONCLUSION Bromuconazole toxicity was through the oxidative stress process, which causes DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptotic death of HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Rjiba-Touati
- Faculty of Dentistry, Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Monastir, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University Campus, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ayed-Boussema
- Faculty of Dentistry, Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Monastir, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University Campus, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Hiba Hamdi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Awatef Azzebi
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplant, University Hospital of Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid
- Faculty of Dentistry, Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Monastir, Tunisia
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15
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Ahmad Mohd Zain MR, Abdul Kari Z, Dawood MAO, Nik Ahmad Ariff NS, Salmuna ZN, Ismail N, Ibrahim AH, Thevan Krishnan K, Che Mat NF, Edinur HA, Abdul Razab MKA, Mohammed A, Mohamed Salam SKN, Rao PV, Mohamad S, Hamat B, Zainal Abidin S, Seong Wei L, Ahmed Shokri A. Bioactivity and Pharmacological Potential of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Against Pandemic COVID-19: a Comprehensive Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4587-4624. [PMID: 35579740 PMCID: PMC9110634 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), transmitted from person to person, has quickly emerged as the pandemic responsible for the current global health crisis. This infection has been declared a global pandemic, resulting in a concerning number of deaths as well as complications post-infection, primarily among vulnerable groups particularly older people and those with multiple comorbidities. In this article, we review the most recent research on the role of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits (DPFs) to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. The mechanisms underlying this preventive or therapeutic effect are also discussed in terms of bioactivity potentials in date palm, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hemolytic potential, as well as prospect against COVID-19 disease and the potential product development. Therefore, it can be concluded that regular consumption of DPFs may be associated with a lower risk of some chronic diseases. Indeed, DPFs have been widely used in folk medicine since ancient times to treat a variety of health conditions, demonstrating the importance of DPFs as a nutraceutical and source of functional nourishment. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the majority of the research on DPFs in terms of nutrient content and biologically active components such as phenolic compounds, with an emphasis on their roles in improving overall health as well as the potential product development to ensure consumers’ satisfaction in a current pandemic situation. In conclusion, DPFs can be given to COVID-19 patients as a safe and effective add-on medication or supplement in addition to routine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rajaei Ahmad Mohd Zain
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.,The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Nik Shahman Nik Ahmad Ariff
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 50410, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zeti Norfidiyati Salmuna
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norzila Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Al Hafiz Ibrahim
- Unit Perubatan Rehabilitasi, Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kampus Kesihatan Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Kumara Thevan Krishnan
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fazila Che Mat
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Hisham Atan Edinur
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Aurifullah Mohammed
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao
- Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahili, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, Karnataka, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Jl Riau Ujung No. 73, Pekanbaru, 28292, Riau, Indonesia.,Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sakinah Mohamad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Basyarah Hamat
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 50410, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahriman Zainal Abidin
- Design Studies, College of Creative Arts, Kompleks Ilham, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Amran Ahmed Shokri
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Lipopolysaccharide Enhances Genotoxicity by Activating GADD45G and NF- κB in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4328116. [PMID: 35028007 PMCID: PMC8752237 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4328116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As the prevalence of microbial keratitis increases, it creates an environment conducive to genotoxicity response. A potential connection between growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 gamma (GADD45G) gene expression has not been proven in the corneal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhances genotoxicity, DNA damage, and inflammatory responses in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) in vitro. In a set of parameters, cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA damage, inflammatory response, and apoptosis were assessed. LPS (1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) treated HCECs were increased reactive oxygen species formation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and genotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, NF-κB, PARP1, and TP53 were also overexpressed in the LPS treated HCECs. 24 hours after LPS induction, micronucleus scoring, and proapoptotic factors were also increased. Among them, the GADD45G, NF-κB, and γH2AX were overexpressed both on the mRNA and protein levels in LPS (10 μg/mL) treated HCECs. In our study, we show that the GADD45G signaling can trigger genotoxic instability in HCECs exposed to LPS. Therefore, understanding the factors contributing to infectious keratitis, such as GADD45G, NF-κB, and γH2AX signaling, may help to develop antigenotoxic and anti-inflammatory therapies for corneal dystrophy and epithelial cell remodeling.
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17
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Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Effects of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Ajwa Date Extract) on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5792830. [PMID: 35233390 PMCID: PMC8882434 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5792830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim The aim of the current study is to investigate the antioxidant and apoptotic potential of Ajwa date flesh (ADF) and Ajwa date pit (ADP) extract on human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HSC-2). Method ADF and ADP were extracted with a solvent extraction method using hexane, acetone, and ethanol, which were then subjected to antioxidant assay by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). HSC-2 cells were then treated with different concentrations of ADF and ADP extract for 24, 48, and 72 hours. MTT assay was performed to assess the antiproliferative effect, and Annexin V-FITC was used for the detection of cellular apoptosis. Results Acetone extracts of ADF and ADP had the highest radical scavenging and antioxidant activities followed by the ethanolic extracts, whereas ADP appeared to have significantly higher antioxidant effects than ADF. MTT assay demonstrated that acetone extracts of ADF and ADP were significantly cytotoxic against HSC-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ADF was found to be 8.69 mg/ml at 24 h, and the maximum cell growth inhibition was observed at 50 mg/ml. The IC50 for the ADP was found to be 0.97 mg/ml at 24 h, and the maximum cell growth inhibition was observed at 5 mg/ml. Statistical analysis of the flow cytometry assay showed that the treatment with ADF and ADP extracts had a significant apoptotic effect which occurred in a dose-dependent manner. HSC-2 cells were seen in the late apoptotic stage with higher doses of ADF and ADP extract. ADP extract demonstrated higher apoptotic activity than ADF extract. In addition, combined treatment of ADF and ADP was also performed on HSC-2 cells which demonstrated higher apoptotic activity when compared to the single extract. Conclusion Ajwa date fruit has a promising cytotoxic effect by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of OSCC cells and inducing cell death by apoptosis.
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18
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Epoxiconazole caused oxidative stress related DNA damage and apoptosis in PC12 rat Pheochromocytoma. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:184-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Joshi BC, Juyal V, Sah AN, Verma P, Mukhija M. Review On Documented Medicinal Plants Used For The Treatment Of Cancer. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666211011125110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a frightful disease and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Naturally derived compounds are gaining interest of research workers as they have less toxic side effects as compared to currently used treatments such as chemotherapy. Plants are the pool of chemical compounds which provides a promising future for research on cancer.
Objective:
This review paper provides updated information gathered on medicinal plants and isolated phytoconstituents used as anticancer agents and summarises the plant extracts and their isolated chemical constituents exhibiting anticancer potential on clinical trials.
Methods:
An extensive bibliographic investigation was carried out by analysing worldwide established scientific databases like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar etc. In next few decades, herbal medicine may become a new epoch of medical system.
Results:
Many researches are going on medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer but it is a time to increase further experimental studies on plant extracts and their chemical constituents to find out their mechanism of action at molecular level.
Conclusion:
The article may help many researchers to start off further experimentation that might lead to the drugs for the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Vijay Juyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Piyush Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical science and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun-248001, India
| | - Minky Mukhija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
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20
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Bai B, Chen Q, Jing R, He X, Wang H, Ban Y, Ye Q, Xu W, Zheng C. Molecular Basis of Prostate Cancer and Natural Products as Potential Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive Agents. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738235. [PMID: 34630112 PMCID: PMC8495205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignant cancer in males. It involves a complex process driven by diverse molecular pathways that closely related to the survival, apoptosis, metabolic and metastatic characteristics of aggressive cancer. Prostate cancer can be categorized into androgen dependent prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer and cure remains elusive due to the developed resistance of the disease. Natural compounds represent an extraordinary resource of structural scaffolds with high diversity that can offer promising chemical agents for making prostate cancer less devastating and curable. Herein, those natural compounds of different origins and structures with potential cytotoxicity and/or in vivo anti-tumor activities against prostate cancer are critically reviewed and summarized according to the cellular signaling pathways they interfere. Moreover, the anti-prostate cancer efficacy of many nutrients, medicinal plant extracts and Chinese medical formulations were presented, and the future prospects for the application of these compounds and extracts were discussed. Although the failure of conventional chemotherapy as well as involved serious side effects makes natural products ideal candidates for the treatment of prostate cancer, more investigations of preclinical and even clinical studies are necessary to make use of these medical substances reasonably. Therefore, the elucidation of structure-activity relationship and precise mechanism of action, identification of novel potential molecular targets, and optimization of drug combination are essential in natural medicine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Bai
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianbo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui He
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Ban
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Khan MA, Siddiqui S, Ahmad I, Singh R, Mishra DP, Srivastava AN, Ahmad R. Phytochemicals from Ajwa dates pulp extract induce apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway and modulating Bcl-2 family proteins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10322. [PMID: 33990623 PMCID: PMC8121835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) have been described in traditional and alternative medicine to provide several health benefits, but their mechanism of apoptosis induction against human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells remains to be investigated. In this study, we analyzed the phytoconstituents in ethanolic Ajwa Dates Pulp Extract (ADPE) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and investigated anticancer effects against MDA-MB-231 cells. LC-MS analysis revealed that ADPE contained phytocomponents belonging to classes such as carbohydrates, phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids. MTT assay demonstrated statistically significant dose- and time-dependent inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 17.45 and 16.67 mg/mL at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Hoechst 33342 dye and DNA fragmentation data showed apoptotic cell death while AO/PI and Annexin V-FITC data revealed cells in late apoptosis at higher doses of ADPE. More importantly, ADPE prompted reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in ADPE treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that ADPE induced cell arrest in S and G2/M checkpoints. ADPE upregulated the p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, thereby leading to the downregulation of Bcl-2 and AKT/mTOR pathway. ADPE did not show any significant toxicity on normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells which suggests its safe application to biological systems under study. Thus, ADPE has the potential to be used as an adjunct to the mainline of treatment against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ali Khan
- Chancellor, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Romila Singh
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, LSS-106, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, LSS-106, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anand Narain Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India
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Hamdi H, Abid-Essefi S, Eyer J. Neuroprotective effects of Myricetin on Epoxiconazole-induced toxicity in F98 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:154-163. [PMID: 33429020 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole is one of the most commonly used fungicides in the world. The exposition of humans to pesticides is mainly attributed to its residue in food or occupational exposure in agricultural production. Because of its lipophilic character, Epoxiconazole can accumulate in the brain Heusinkveld et al. (2013) [1]. Consequently, it is urgent to explore efficient strategies to prevent or treat Epoxiconazole-related brain damages. The use of natural molecules commonly found in our diet represents a promising avenue. Flavonoids belong to a major sub-group compounds possessing powerful antioxidant activities based on their different structural and sterical properties [2]. We choose to evaluate Myricetin, a flavonoid with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, for its possible protective functions against Epoxiconazole-induced toxicities. The cytotoxicity induced by this fungicide was evaluated by the cell viability, cell cycle arrest, ROS generation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and Malondialdehyde production, as previously described in Hamdi et al., 2019 [3]. The apoptosis was assessed through the evaluation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), caspases activation, DNA fragmentation, cytoskeleton disruption, nuclear condensation, appearance of sub-G0/G1 peak (fragmentation of the nucleus) and externalization of Phosphatidylserine. This study indicates that pre-treatment of F98 cells with Myricetin during 2 h before Epoxiconazole exposure significantly increased the survival of cells, restored DNA synthesis of the S phase, abrogated the ROS generation, regulated the activities of Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and reduced the MDA level. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation, cytoskeleton disruption, chromatin condensation, Phosphatidylserine externalization, and Caspases activation were also reduced by Myricetin. Together, these findings indicate that Myricetin is a powerful natural product able to protect cells from Epoxiconazole-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Joel Eyer
- Laboratoire Micro et NanomédecinesTranslationnelles (MINT), Inserm 1066, CNRS 6021, Institut de Biologie de La Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49033, Angers, France.
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23
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Sahmarani R, Net S, Chbib C, Baroudi M, Ouddane B. Elimination of organochlorine pesticides from water by a new activated carbon prepared from Phoenix dactylifera date stones. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10140-10154. [PMID: 33169280 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work focused on the characterization of activated carbon (AC) prepared by pyrolysis-chemical activation with phosphoric acid (60%) from date stones derived from three categories of date palm Phoenix dactylifera (Ajwa, Anbari, Khudri), and on its feasibility of elimination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water samples. The obtained results showed that the three-produced AC date stone had developed a porous structure, large specific surface area, and acidic property. Due to the high SBET (> 1200 m2/g), Ajwa stones activated coal was considered as the best AC that can be used for the adsorption of environmental contaminants. The effects of several parameters such as the Ajwa AC dose, the time of contact, the initial concentration of pesticides, and the pH were evaluated. The results showed that the adsorption balance of organochlorine pesticides on this AC was reached after a contact time of 60 min at an optimal pHzpc equal to 2. In addition, 0.4 g of AC was the best quantity found to retain the largest quantity of pesticides while considering the economic part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Sahmarani
- Université Libanaise, Faculté de santé publique section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Tripoli, Lebanon
- Université de Lille, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Bâtiment C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Sopheak Net
- Université de Lille, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Bâtiment C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | - Chaza Chbib
- Université Libanaise, Faculté de santé publique section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Moomen Baroudi
- Université Libanaise, Faculté de santé publique section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université de Lille, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Bâtiment C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Pradhan B, Patra S, Behera C, Nayak R, Patil S, Bhutia SK, Jena M. Enteromorpha compressa extract induces anticancer activity through apoptosis and autophagy in oral cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9567-9578. [PMID: 33241447 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Marine algae are an auspicious source of innovative bioactive compounds containing possible therapeutic agents against mammalian cancers. However, the mechanism by which bioactive algal compounds exhibit anticancer activity against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is scant. The main objective of the current study was to explore the properties of the Enteromorpha compressa solvent extracts that induced autophagy and apoptosis with reference to their potent phytochemical and antioxidant properties. The presence of bioactive compounds were confirmed by UV and FT-IR spectroscopy. The free radical scavenging activity were analyzed by evaluating H2O2, DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl activity. The anticancer activities of the extracts were investigated by employing clonogenic and scratch assay. The apoptosis potential was evaluated by DAPI and MMP by Rh123 fluorescence assay. Moreover, the CAT, SOD, GPX, APX, and GR activities were measured. The autophagy potential was evaluated by LC3 puncta formation, acridine orange in addition to LysoTracker staining. The present investigation revealed that the methanolic extract of E. compressa elicited robust free radical scavenging activity that discerns its antiproliferative potency. Moreover, the methanolic algal extract boosted intrinsic apoptosis against OSCC by downregulating protective antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, it also revealed induction of autophagy to promote cell death in oral cancer cells. The presence of novel bioactive compounds in E. compressa has uncovered possible therapeutic value against OSCC by modulating antioxidant defense system, apoptosis and autophagy that could be used to explore very competent algal candidates for the development of potential alternative anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India.
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Zhou X, Huang N, Chen W, Xiaoling T, Mahdavi B, Raoofi A, Mahdian D, Atabati H. HPLC phenolic profile and induction of apoptosis by Linum usitatissimum extract in LNCaP cells by caspase3 and Bax pathways. AMB Express 2020; 10:203. [PMID: 33169228 PMCID: PMC7652951 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Linum usitatissimum is a candidate as a remedy to treat prostate problems in some folklore medicines. In this study, we have reported the phenolic and flavonoid constituents, antioxidant activity, and potential of the plant extract against prostate cancer cells. The phenolic and flavonoid compound profile of the extract were established using HPLC analysis. While the total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) were analyzed using classic methods. The antioxidant activity of the extract was also evaluated. MTT assay and flow cytometry technique was used to evaluate antiproliferation activity and induction apoptosis of the plant extract on prostate cancer cells of LNCaP. We also evaluated the gene expression of Bax and caspase-3 using the real-time qPCR assay. HPLC result revealed that L. usitatissimum extract (LUE) was rich in phenolic acids such as gallic, ferulic, and vanillic acid with the amount of 3.56, 2.12, 1.24 μg/g extract respectively. 383.4 mg GAE/g and 47.1 mgRuE/g were calculated for total phenolic and flavonoid content. LUE exhibited radical scavenging activity with IC50 = 19.3 ± 1.1 µg/mL. LUE chelated ferrous ions with IC50 = 121.1 ± 1.3 µg/mL. LUE showed anti-proliferative activity on LNCaP cells with the IC50 values of 8.3, 6.3, and 5.4 μg/mL after 24, 48, and 72 h treatment. LUE also increased cell mortality by inducing apoptosis (15.3-29.8%). The real-time qPCR results exhibited an increase in gene expression of Bax and caspase-3. Our in vitro study demonstrates that L. usitatissimum can be considered as an effective agent to inhibit the growth and invasion the human prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ningou Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- Department of Urology, Occupational Disease Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tang Xiaoling
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330046, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Behnam Mahdavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, 96179-76487, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Davood Mahdian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hadi Atabati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Zhang Y, Xin C, Cheng C, Wang Z. Antitumor activity of nanoemulsion based on essential oil of Pinus koraiensis pinecones in MGC-803 tumor-bearing nude mice. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Echegaray N, Pateiro M, Gullón B, Amarowicz R, Misihairabgwi JM, Lorenzo JM. Phoenix dactylifera products in human health – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Singh RK, Ranjan A, Srivastava AK, Singh M, Shukla AK, Atri N, Mishra A, Singh AK, Singh SK. Cytotoxic and apoptotic inducing activity of Amoora rohituka leaf extracts in human breast cancer cells. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 11:383-390. [PMID: 30846274 PMCID: PMC7772503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amoora rohituka is described in Ayurveda, an Indian traditional system of medicine for management of disorders of blood, diseases of eye, helminthiasis disease, ulcer, liver disorders and splenomegaly. However, the leaves were not reported to have anticancer properties till date. OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of leaf extracts of Amoora rohituka. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leaves powder was macerated in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol and evaluated their anticancer activities in vitro. The phytochemical constituents of the active (ethyl acetate) extract were screened by FTIR analysis and phytochemical screening methods. RESULTS The ethyl acetate extract (RLEA) showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. The RLEA exhibited high cytotoxic effect against human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 (IC50 = 9.81 μg/mL) and induced apoptosis by altering nuclear morphology and DNA laddering. Wound healing assays explained the potency of extract to decrease the cell migration. CONCLUSION The extract of Amoora rohituka leaves exhibited anticancer activity with less toxicity and it could be used for development of alternative drugs in the treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; Department of Dravyaguna, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Amit Ranjan
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Monika Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil Kumar Shukla
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Neelam Atri
- Department of Botany, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- Department of Dravyaguna, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Dravyaguna, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Younis IY, Hifnawy MS, El-Hawary SS, El Bishbishy MH, Elateek SY. Bioactive metabolites of hass and reed avocados targeting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-like X via molecular modeling and cytotoxicity assessments. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6040-6044. [PMID: 32912020 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1817013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to estimate the nutritive values, metabolites of Hass and Reed Avocado cultivars and evaluate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Hass was rich in water soluble vitamins, iron and calcium while, Reed contains more fat soluble vitamins. Benzaldehyde and butyl phenol derivatives were the major volatile components identified by solid phase extraction in Hass and Reed, respectively. Naringenin and rutin were the major compounds identified in Hass and Reed by HPLC analysis respectively. Hass showed a promising antimicrobial activity, especially, against Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MIC = 7.81 μg/mL). Two targets sites were selected to investigate the mechanism of action of Hass, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-like X and Serine/threonine kinases Proteins (STK). Molecular docking demonstrated high binding affinity of naringenin towards Enterotoxin-like X. However, high levels of rutin in Reed might account for its cytotoxic activity against colorectal adenocarcinoma. Avocado extracts may be used for developing potential antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas Youssef Younis
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mahitab Helmi El Bishbishy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Amina M, Al Musayeib NM, Alarfaj NA, El-Tohamy MF, Oraby HF, Al Hamoud GA, Bukhari SI, Moubayed NMS. Biogenic green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using Saussurea costus biomasses for a comprehensive detection of their antimicrobial, cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and photocatalysis potentials. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237567. [PMID: 32797097 PMCID: PMC7428194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct morphological MgO nanoparticles (MgONPs) were synthesized using biomasses of Saussurea costus roots. The biomass of two varieties of Saussurea costus (Qustal hindi and Qustal bahri) were used in the green synthesis of MgONPs. The physical and chemical features of nanoparticles were confirmed by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The surface morphology of the obtained nanoparticles was detected at different magnifications by SEM and TEM microscopy and the size of nanoparticles were found to be 30 and 34 nm for Qustal hindi and Qustal bahri, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared MgONPs was screened against six pathogenic strains. The synthesized nanoparticles by Qustal bahri biomass exerted significant inhibition zones 15, 16, 18, 17, 14, and 10 mm against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata, S. aureus and B. subtilis as compared to those from Qustal hindi 12, 8 and 17 mm against B. subtilis, E. coli and C. tropicalis, respectively. MgONPs showed a potential cytotoxicity effect against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Cellular investigations of MgONPs revealed that the prepared nanoparticles by Qustal bahri exhibited high cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cancer cell lines. IC50 values in MCF-7 cells were found to be 67.3% and 52.1% for MgONPs of Saussurea costus biomasses, respectively. Also, the photocatalytic activity of MgONPs of each Saussurea costus variety was comparatively studied. They exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue after UV irradiation for 1 h as 92% and 59% for those prepared by Qustal bahri and Qustal hindi, respectively. Outcome of results revealed that the biosynthesized MgONPs showed promising biomedical potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal M. Al Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A. Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F. El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F. Oraby
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah A. Al Hamoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah I. Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine M. S. Moubayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Yang B, Zhang D, Qian J, Cheng Y. Chelerythrine suppresses proliferation and metastasis of human prostate cancer cells via modulating MMP/TIMP/NF-κB system. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 474:199-208. [PMID: 32737771 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chelerythrine is a natural benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid found in many herbs and displays a wide range of antitumor activities. Here, the present study tested their effects on prostate cancer cells. The addition of chelerythrine can significantly inhibit the proliferation of androgen-independent prostate cancer DU145 and PC-3 cells at the concentration of 5 and 10 μM, but not on androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells as well as normal prostate epithelial cell line PrEC cells. Wound migration and transwell invasion assay showed the similar inhibitory effect of chelerythrine on the migration and invasion of DU145 and PC-3 cells in the same condition. Western blot analysis further confirmed that chelerythrine not only dramatically decreased MMP-2, MMP-9, and uPA protein expression, but also augmented the expression of their endogenous inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) and plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2) in both cancer cells. Meanwhile, NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors were all suppressed as evidenced by the decline of p-p65, c-Fos, and c-Jun protein expression in both cells. Taken together, these findings suggested that chelerythrine could reduce the metastasis of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells via modulation of MMP/TIMP system and inactivation of NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yang
- Department of Urological Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Dongxu Zhang
- Department of Urological Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315010, China.
| | - Junhai Qian
- Department of Urological Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Urological Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315010, China
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Two Series of Novel A-Ring Fused Steroidal Pyrazines as Potential Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051665. [PMID: 32121303 PMCID: PMC7084598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasingly, different heterocyclic systems have been introduced into the steroid nucleus to significantly enhance the antitumor activities of steroid molecules. However, in this study, few literature precedents describing the pyrazine heterocyclic-condensed modification to an A-ring of steroid monomers were found, although the pyrazine group is thought to be essential for the potent anticancer activity of clinically relevant drugs and natural steroid dimers. METHODS AND RESULTS Two series of novel A-ring fused steroidal pyrazines were designed and efficiently synthesized from commercially available progesterone via key α-ketoenol intermediates. Through a cell counting kit-8 cytotoxic assay of 36 derivatives for three tumor cells, 14 compounds displayed significant antiproliferative activity compared to 5-fluorouracil, especially for human prostatic tumor cells (PC-3) in vitro. Further mechanistic studies indicated that the most active compound, 12n (IC50, 0.93 μM; SI, 28.71), could induce the cell apoptosis of PC-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner and cause cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. The molecular docking study suggested that compound 12n fitted the active sites of cytochrome P450 17A1 (6CIZ) well. CONCLUSIONS 12n might serve as a promising lead compound for the development of novel anticancer drugs. This facile ring-closing strategy may provide a novel and promising avenue for the cycloaddition reaction of the steroidal skeleton through α-ketoenol intermediates.
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Patra S, Panda PK, Naik P, Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Bhol CS, Mahapatra KK, Padhi P, Jena M, Patil S, Patra SK, Bhutia SK. Terminalia bellirica extract induces anticancer activity through modulation of apoptosis and autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 136:111073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Qadir A, Shakeel F, Ali A, Faiyazuddin M. Phytotherapeutic potential and pharmaceutical impact of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm): current research and future prospects. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 57:1191-1204. [PMID: 32180616 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) is a member of the genus Phoenix belonging to family Arecaceae. It is widely cultivated for its edible fruits and kernels. Dates have been used for both dietary purposes as well as for their phytomedicinal impacts against the variety of diseases. Date fruits are rich in alkaloids, protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid (linoleic, lauric, palmitic, and stearic acid), carotenoids, vitamins, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins along with different types of nutrients like potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Due to the presence of the variety of phytochemicals, they have greater impact on human health. They have strong antioxidant potential. It has been proposed now as a potential source of several unique medical and industrial products. In literature, much information is available on botanical descriptions, agriculture technology, and utilization in therapeutic intervention, but a little description is accessible on phytochemical relevance, formulation strategies, nutritional impact, and bioprocess technology. Therefore, the present review provides comprehensive information on the phytochemical relevance, pharmacology/bioactivity, pharmaceutical impact, their scope in bioprocess technology and nutraceutical values of date palm. According to all collected information, every portion of the plant has some beneficial properties that can serve as a source of medicine and nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadir
- 1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- 2Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Athar Ali
- 3Department of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Md Faiyazuddin
- Tetri Chandravansi Pharmacy College, Ramchandra Chandravansi University, Bishrampur, Palamu, Jharkhand 822124 India
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Cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of four Annonaceae plants on human cancer cell lines. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:723-732. [PMID: 31452061 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several species of the Annonaceae plants have been used as complementary medicine for cancer-associated illnesses in some ethnic groups of northern Thailand. This study investigated the cytotoxic and cytostatic activity of methanolic extracts derived from the stems of these plants, including Uvaria longipes (Craib) L.L.Zhou, Y.C.F.Su & R.M.K.Saunders, Artabotrys burmanicus A.DC, Marsypopetalum modestum (Pierre) B.Xue & R.M.K.Saunders, and Dasymaschalon sp. Cell death induction of seven human cancer cell lines and cell cycle analyses were assessed by Annexin V and/or propidium iodide (PI) staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. Treatment of cancer cell lines with the extract of four Annonaceae plants resulted in various cytotoxic activities depending on cell type. The extract of U. longipes exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity capable of inducing cell death of several cancer cell lines, particularly against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B). This extract was capable of inducing cell cycle arrest at the SubG1 phase. Phytochemical screening of all the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, tannins, anthraquinone glycoside, coumarin, and flavonoids. Determination of active compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography standards revealed bullatacin and asiminecin in all the extracts. The extract of Annonaceae stem or its compounds may provide an opportunity for the development of new therapies against cancer.
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Hamdi H, Abid-Essefi S, Eyer J. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of epoxiconazole on F98 glioma cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:314-323. [PMID: 31078888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole (EPX) is a very effective fungicide of the triazole family. Given its wide spectrum of use, the increased application of this pesticide may represent a serious risk on human health. Previous studies have found that EPX is cytotoxic to cells, although the exact mechanism remains elusive. In particular, the effect on the nervous system is poorly elucidated. Here we evaluated the implication of oxidative stress in the neurotoxicity and studied its apoptotic mechanism of action. We demonstrated that the treatment by EPX reduces the viability of cells in a dose dependent manner with an IC50 of 50 μM. It also provokes the reduction of cell proliferation. EPX could trigger arrest in G1/S phase of cell cycle with low doses, however with IC50, it induced an accumulation of F98 cells in G2/M phase. Moreover, EPX induced cytoskeleton disruption as evidenced by immunocytochemical analysis. It provoked also DNA fragmentation in a concentration dependent manner. The EPX induced apoptosis, which was observed by morphological changes and by positive Annexin V FITC-PI staining concurrent with a depolarization of mitochondria. Furthermore, the cell mortality provoked by EPX was significantly reduced by pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor. Moreover, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) strongly restores cell viability that has been inhibited by EPX. The results of these findings highlight the implication of ROS generation in the neurotoxicity induced by EPX, indicating that the production of ROS is the main cause of the induction of apoptosis probably via the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Joel Eyer
- Laboratoire Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles (MINT), Inserm 1066, CNRS 6021, Institut de Biologie de la Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, 49033, France.
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Satari A, Amini SA, Raeisi E, Lemoigne Y, Heidarian E. Synergetic Impact of Combined 5-Fluorouracil and Rutin on Apoptosis in PC3 Cancer Cells through the Modulation of P53 Gene Expression. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:462-469. [PMID: 31592435 PMCID: PMC6773939 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Prostate cancer is as far the most prevalent male cancer. Rutin (a glycoside from
quercetin flavonoid) displays antioxidant activity leading to cell apoptosis. Combined effects of
rutin with the widely used anti-cancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), on prostate cancer cell line
(PC3) was investigated herein.
Methods: Different concentrations of combined 5-FU and rutin were applied to PC3 cells
compared to separate treatment for 48 hours. Cell viability, as well p53 gene expression
respectively were assessed by MTT assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction
(qPCR). Changes of Bcl-2 signal protein and apoptosis were determined using western blot
and flow cytometry procedures, respectively. Clonogenic assay was used to colony counts
assessment.
Results: 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of separate cell treatment with either rutin and
5-FU respectively were 900 μM and 3Mm, while combination index (CI) of combined 5-FU
/rutin application reached a level of synergistic effects (0.33). Combination of 5-FU/rutin
enhanced apoptosis and p53 gene expression in PC3 cells. PC3 cell colony counts and Bcl-2
signaling protein were decreased by 5-FU/rutin combination.
Conclusion: Synergistic effects of 5-FU/rutin combination on PC3 cells line enhanced apoptosis,
p53 gene expression, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein, compared to control separate
application. 5-FU/rutin combination does seem an interesting therapeutic pathway to be further
investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Satari
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sayed Asadollah Amini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Raeisi
- Department of Medical Physics & Radiology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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38
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Ejaz SA, Miliutina M, Langer P, Saeed A, Iqbal J. Anti-proliferative Effects of Chromones: Potent Derivatives Affecting Cell Growth and Apoptosis in Breast, Bone-marrow and Cervical Cancer Cells. Med Chem 2019; 15:883-891. [PMID: 31223093 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190621155843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we have identified 3,3'-carbonyl-bis(chromones) (1a-h, 5e) and 3-(5-(benzylideneamino)thiozol-3-yl)-2H-chromen-2-ones (7a-j) as potent inhibitors of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). The present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effect of the said derivatives. METHODS The anti-proliferative effect of the derivatives was investigated in three cancer cell lines i.e., MCF-7, K-562, HeLa and normal BHK21 cells using MTT assay. The pro-apoptotic effect of the most potent derivatives was investigated by using flow cytometry, DAPI and PI staining and DNA binding studies. RESULTS Among all the screened compounds, 1f, 1d, 1c (from 3,3'-carbonyl-bis(chromones), 7c, 7h and 7i (from 3-(5-(benzylideneamino)thiozol-3-yl)-2H-chromen-2-ones) exhibited remarkable growth inhibitory effects. Compounds 1f and 7c were found to be the most potent cytotoxic derivatives against MCF-7; 1d and 7h inhibited most of the proliferation of K-562 cells, whereas 1c and 7i showed maximum growth inhibition in HeLa cells. The identified compounds exerted lower micromolar potency against the respective cell line with significant selectivity over the normal cells (BHK-21). The identified compounds also induced either G2 or S-phase arrest within the respective cancer cells, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, as well as maximum interaction with DNA. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that the characteristic chemical features of attached groups are the key factors for their anticancer effects and play a useful role in revealing the mechanisms of action in relation to the known compounds in future research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Mariia Miliutina
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert Einstein Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert Einstein Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
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39
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Rohit Singh T, Ezhilarasan D. Ethanolic Extract of Lagerstroemia Speciosa (L.) Pers., Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in HepG2 Cells. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:146-156. [PMID: 31149840 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1616780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., (Lythraceae) also called Banaba is a native plant of southeast Asia and is widely used in traditional medicinal system. Herbal tea from banaba leaves are used to reduce weight and diabetes. We investigated the cytotoxic potentials of ethanolic banaba leaves extract (EBLE) against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves were extracted and obtained from M/s. Quimico Herbal Extract Manufacturer, Bengaluru, India, and it contains 20% corosolic acid. Cells were treated with 50, 100, and 150 µg/ml of EBLE for 24 h, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis-related morphology was investigated by DAPI nuclear staining. Protein and gene expressions of p-Akt, FOXO1, p53, MDM2, p21, p27, CDK4, cyclin D1, and E1 were evaluated through Western blotting and qPCR. EBLE treatments caused significant, concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. DAPI staining and flow cytometry studies showed chromatin condensation, increased apoptotic cell population and cell cycle arrest at subG0/G1 phase upon EBLE treatments respectively. Furthermore, EBLE treatments significantly increased the expressions of p53, p21, p27, FOXO1, while p-Akt, MDM2, CDK4, cyclin D1, and E1 expressions were downregulated. These findings suggested that EBLE induces G1-phase of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. EBLE may serve as a therapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rohit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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40
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Cytostatic and Anti-tumor Potential of Ajwa Date Pulp against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:245. [PMID: 30664656 PMCID: PMC6341075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are used by traditional therapeutic practitioners for several health benefits but most remain to be scientifically validated. In this study, we evaluated the apoptosis-inducing effect of ethanolic extract of Ajwa date pulp (ADP) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of polysaccharide β-D-glucan in ADP extract. Treated HCC cells revealed morphological characteristics of apoptosis under phase contrast microscopy. MTT assay demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) dose- and time-dependent inhibition of HCC cell growth. HCC cells were found to be in late apoptotic stage on treatment with higher doses of ADP extract as depicted by acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Annexin V-FITC/PI double stain. Importantly, ADP extract increased the reactive oxygen species level and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in treated HCC cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that ADP extract induced elevation of S and G2/M phases of cell cycle. Moreover, ADP extract induced apoptosis in HCC cells independent of tumor suppressor genes viz. CHEK2, ATM and TP53. Interestingly, ADP extract did not display any significant effect on normal cell line Vero. This study provides validation that ADP extract can be considered as a safe and natural potential drug candidate against human liver cancer.
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Agostini-Costa TDS. Bioactive compounds and health benefits of some palm species traditionally used in Africa and the Americas - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:202-229. [PMID: 29842962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to previous ethno-medicinal reviews, Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Phoenix dactylifera are among the main palms which are often used on the American and African continents to treat infections, infestations and disorders in the digestive, respiratory, genito-urinary, dermal, endocrine, cardiovascular, muscular-skeletal, mental and neural systems, as well as neoplasms, dental issues and metabolic and nutritional disorders. In addition, one or more species of the wild genera Acrocomia, Areca, Astrocaryum, Attalea, Bactris, Borassus, Calamus, Chamaedorea, Chamaerops, Euterpe, Hyphaene, Mauritia, Oenocarpus and Syagrus have a high number of records of these ethno-medicinal uses. The most used parts of the palm tree are the fruits, followed by roots, seeds, leaves and flower sap. AIM OF THE STUDY This review discusses the phytochemical composition and the pharmacological properties of these important ethno-medicinal palms, aiming to provide a contribution to future research prospects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Significant information was compiled from an electronic search in widely used international scientific databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley on line Library, Scielo, ACS Publications), and additional information was obtained from dissertations, theses, books and other relevant websites. RESULTS Palms, in general, are rich in oils, terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Fruits of many species are notable for their high content of healthy oils and fat-soluble bioactive compounds, mainly terpenoids, such as pigment carotenoids (and provitamin A), phytosterols, triterpene pentacyclics and tocols (and vitamin E), while other species stood out for their phenolic compounds derived from benzoic and cinnamic acids, along with flavan-3-ol, flavone, flavonol, and stilbene compounds or anthocyanin pigments. In addition to fruits, other parts of the plant such as seeds, leaves, palm heart, flowers and roots are also sources of many bioactive compounds. These compounds are linked to the ethno-medicinal use of many palms that improve human health against infections, infestations and disorders of human systems. CONCLUSIONS Palms have provided bioactive samples that validate their effectiveness in traditional medicine. However, the intensive study of all palm species related to ethno-medicinal use is needed, along with selection of the most appropriate palm accessions, ripe stage of the fruit and /or part of the plant. Furthermore, the complete profiles of all phytochemicals, their effects on animal models and human subjects, and toxicological and clinical trials are suggested, which, added to the incorporation of improved technological processes, should represent a significant advance for the implementation of new opportunities with wide benefits for human health.
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