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Zhao J, Tian XC, Zhang JQ, Li TT, Qiao S, Jiang SL. Tribulus terrestris L. induces cell apoptosis of breast cancer by regulating sphingolipid metabolism signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155014. [PMID: 37639811 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) was initially documented in Shen-Nong-Ben-Cao-Jing and has been used for thousands of years in China as a herb to calm liver, dispel melancholy and wind, promote blood circulation, improve eyesight, and relieve itching. Moreover, it was also used to treat breast cancer in ancient China. However, the pharmacological activities of TT extract on breast cancer have received little attention. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the anti-breast cancer effects and possible mechanisms of action of this herbal drug. METHODS Network pharmacology analysis the study of network pharmacology was done to analyze the possibility of TT's anti-breast cancer effect. And then, molecular docking between TT7/TT8 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were performed by Autodock software as well as the related protein expressions were analyzed by western blot to verify this effect. In vivo experiment: The mouse model of breast cancer was established by injection of 4T1 cells. Then drugs were intragastrically administered to the mice once daily for fourteen days. Body weight, tumor size, and tumor weight were recorded at the end of the experiment. Moreover, tumor inhibitory rate was calculated. Finally, pathological changes and apoptosis of breast cancer tissues were respectively evaluated by HE and Hoechst staining. Proteomics and metabonomics analyses: The tumor tissues were chosen to perform conjoint analysis. Firstly, differential proteins and metabolites were found. Furthermore, the functional analyses of them were analyzed by software. At the last, immunofluorescent staining of SGPP1, SPHK1 and p-SPHK1 in tumor tissue were done. RESULTS 12 active ingredients of TT, 127 targets of active ingredients, 15,253 targets of breast cancer, 1,225 targets of Ru yan, and 123 overlapping genes were obtained in the network pharmacology study. There was firm conjunction between TT7/TT8 and VEGFR2. Besides, tumor size and weight were markedly reduced in TT groups compared to the model group. The tumor inhibitory rate was more than 26% in TTM group. After drug treatment, many adipocytes and cracks between tumor and apoptosis were discovered. The western blot results showed that TT aqueous extract lowered the levels of VEGFR2, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 (Thr202, Tyr204) and Bcl2, while increasing the levels of Bax and the ratio of Bax/Bcl2. Furthermore, 495 differential proteins and 76 differential metabolites were found between TTM and model groups with the sphingolipid metabolism pathway being enriched. At last, TT treatment significantly reduced the levels of SGPP1, SPHK1 and p-SPHK1 in tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TT demonstrates therapeutic effects in a mouse model of breast cancer, and its mechanism of action involves the regulations of sphingolipid metabolism signaling pathways. This study lends credence to the pharmacological potential of TT extract as a breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xin-Chen Tian
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Tan-Tan Li
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Hepatological Surgery Department, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shu-Long Jiang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China.
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Meng X, Liu X, Tan J, Sheng Q, Zhang D, Li B, Zhang J, Zhang F, Chen H, Cui T, Li M, Zhang S. From Xiaoke to diabetes mellitus: a review of the research progress in traditional Chinese medicine for diabetes mellitus treatment. Chin Med 2023; 18:75. [PMID: 37349778 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin secretion defects or insulin resistance. The global incidence of DM has been gradually increasing due to improvements in living standards and changes in dietary habits, making it a major non-communicable disease that poses a significant threat to human health and life. The pathogenesis of DM remains incompletely understood till now, and current pharmacotherapeutic interventions are largely inadequate, resulting in relapses and severe adverse reactions. Although DM is not explicitly mentioned in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and clinical practice, it is often classified as "Xiaoke" due to similarities in etiology, pathogenesis, and symptoms. With its overall regulation, multiple targets, and personalized medication approach, TCM treatment can effectively alleviate the clinical manifestations of DM and prevent or treat its complications. Furthermore, TCM exhibits desirable therapeutic effects with minimal side effects and a favorable safety profile. This paper provides a comprehensive comparison and contrast of Xiaoke and DM by examining the involvement of TCM in their etiology, pathogenesis, treatment guidelines, and other relevant aspects based on classical literature and research reports. The current TCM experimental research on the treatment of DM by lowering blood glucose levels also be generalized. This innovative focus not only illuminates the role of TCM in DM treatment, but also underscores the potential of TCM in DM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Meng
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Tradition Herbal Medicines Processing, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Tradition Herbal Medicines Processing, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiaying Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Sheng
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Dingbang Zhang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Fayun Zhang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongzhou Chen
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Tao Cui
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuosheng Zhang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Tradition Herbal Medicines Processing, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China.
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Wang Y, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Shan G, Zhang B, Cai Q, Lou J, Qu Y. The lipid-lowering effects of fenugreek gum, hawthorn pectin, and burdock inulin. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1149094. [PMID: 37032784 PMCID: PMC10076561 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1149094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering effects and mechanisms of fenugreek gum (FG), hawthorn pectin (HP), and burdock inulin (BI) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Methods In this study, high-fat diet (HFD) together with fat emulsion administration were used to establish hyperlipidemia model. The biochemical indices were assayed after administration of FG, HP, and BI. Their effects were evaluated by factor analysis. Alterations of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecal were assessed to illustrate the mechanism of lipid lowering. Results The supplementation of FG, HP, and BI on HFD-fed rats decreased the levels of serum lipid and reduced the HFD-related liver and testicle damage. In the scatter plot of factor analysis, HP and BI were closer to normal fat diet (NFD) group in restoring the severity of hyperlipidemia, while FG and HP enhanced the excretion of cholesterol and bile acids (BAs). The levels of total SCFAs, especially butyric acid reduced by HFD were increased by HP. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes increased by HFD was reduced by HP and BI. FG, HP, and BI enriched intestinal probiotics, which were related to bile acid excretion or lipid-lowering. Conclusions FG inhibited the absorption of cholesterol and enhanced the excretion of it, as well as increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. While BI restored the imbalance of intestinal microbiota. HP enhanced the excretion of cholesterol and BAs, and restored the imbalance of intestinal microbiota. It was also utilized by intestinal microorganisms to yield SCFAs. This study suggested that FG, HP, and BI possessed the potential to be utilized as dietary supplements for obesity management.
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Xiang J, Lv Q, Yi F, Song Y, Le L, Jiang B, Xu L, Xiao P. Dietary Supplementation of Vine Tea Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Disorder via Akt Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101866. [PMID: 31096578 PMCID: PMC6571802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A traditional Chinese tea with many pharmacological effects, vine tea (VT) is considered a potential dietary supplement to improve type 2 diabetes (T2D). To investigate the effect and mechanism of VT on glucose and lipid metabolic disorders in T2D rats, Wistar rats fed a normal diet served as the normal control, while rats fed a high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D were divided into three groups: The model group (MOD); the positive control group (MET, metformin at 200 mg/kg/d); and the VT-treated group (VT500, allowed to freely drink 500 mg/L VT). After four weeks of intervention, biochemical metrics indicated that VT significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia in T2D rats. Metabolomics research indicated that VT regulated the levels of metabolites closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism and promoted glycogen synthesis. Furthermore, VT had a significant influence on the expression of key genes involved in the Akt signaling pathway, inhibited gluconeogenesis through the Akt/Foxo1/Pck2 signaling pathway, and reduced fatty acid synthesis via the SREBP1c/Fasn signaling pathways. In conclusion, VT has great potential as a dietary supplement to ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolic disorders via the Akt signaling pathway in T2D rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Xiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiuyue Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yanjun Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Liang Le
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Baoping Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yang YY, Yang FQ, Gao JL. Differential proteomics for studying action mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines. Chin Med 2019; 14:1. [PMID: 30636970 PMCID: PMC6325846 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential proteomics, which has been widely used in studying of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) during the past 10 years, is a powerful tool to visualize differentially expressed proteins and analyzes their functions. In this paper, the applications of differential proteomics in exploring the action mechanisms of TCMs on various diseases including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, liver diseases, kidney disorders and obesity, etc. were reviewed. Furthermore, differential proteomics in studying of TCMs identification, toxicity, processing and compatibility mechanisms were also included. This review will provide information for the further applications of differential proteomics in TCMs studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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Huang QY, Lai XN, Qian XL, Lv LC, Li J, Duan J, Xiao XH, Xiong LX. Cdc42: A Novel Regulator of Insulin Secretion and Diabetes-Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010179. [PMID: 30621321 PMCID: PMC6337499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdc42, a member of the Rho GTPases family, is involved in the regulation of several cellular functions including cell cycle progression, survival, transcription, actin cytoskeleton organization and membrane trafficking. Diabetes is a chronic and metabolic disease, characterized as glycometabolism disorder induced by insulin deficiency related to β cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance (IR). Diabetes could cause many complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot. Furthermore, hyperglycemia can promote tumor progression and increase the risk of malignant cancers. In this review, we summarized the regulation of Cdc42 in insulin secretion and diabetes-associated diseases. Organized researches indicate that Cdc42 is a crucial member during the progression of diabetes, and Cdc42 not only participates in the process of insulin synthesis but also regulates the insulin granule mobilization and cell membrane exocytosis via activating a series of downstream factors. Besides, several studies have demonstrated Cdc42 as participating in the pathogenesis of IR and DN and even contributing to promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, and metastasis under hyperglycemia. Through the current review, we hope to cast light on the mechanism of Cdc42 in diabetes and associated diseases and provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xing-Ning Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xian-Ling Qian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Lin-Chen Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jing Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xing-Hua Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
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