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Yan H, Wang X, Yu L, Liu X, Yan F, Xie Y, Pu Q, Yang Z. Effectiveness of adjuvant traditional Chinese medicine on macrovascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-world propensity score-matched study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1353720. [PMID: 38464727 PMCID: PMC10923102 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1353720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in reducing the risk of macrovascular invasion (MVI) in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This retrospective analysis involved 2,267 HCC patients treated at our hospital. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to compare TCM users (n = 485) with non-users (n = 485) in terms of age, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging, type of treatment, and AFP. The impact of TCM on the hazard ratio (HR) of MVI was evaluated using a Cox multivariate regression model. The efficacy of TCM therapy on MVI was further examined using the log-rank test. The analysis revealed that TCM medication was a significant protective factor for MVI in HCC patients, as evidenced by the Cox analysis (adjusted HR = 0.496, 95% CI: 0.387-0.635, p < 0.001). After PS matching, the Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated a lower occurrence rate of MVI in TCM users compared to non-users. The study findings suggest that TCM treatment has the potential to decrease the incidence of MVI in HCC patients, irrespective of etiology, BCLC staging, liver function, or treatment type. Notably, as the use of TCM increased, the percentage of MVI in patients showed a gradual decrease, indicating the potential of TCM therapy as a successful strategy for preventing MVI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyun Yang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zou SY, Feng C, Gao PX, Li TJ, Jia TJ, Huang H. Germplasm resources and genetic improvement of Akebia: A new fruit crop in China. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:712-721. [PMID: 38197008 PMCID: PMC10772107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Akebia species, belonging to Lardizabalaceae, are widespread from subtropical to temperate environments of China, Japan, and Korea. All known Akebia species have medicinal and dietary value and have been widely cultivated as a new fruit crop in many areas of China. However, compared with other crop species, the breeding improvement and commercial cultivation of Akebia remain in their infancy. This review systematically introduces the present germplasm resources, geographical distribution, biological characteristics, interspecific and intraspecific cross compatibility, molecular biology, and breeding progress in Akebia species. Akebia plants are widely distributed in Shanxi, Henan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Fujian provinces of China, and wild Akebia plants exhibit abundant phenotypic and genetic diversity due to their wide range of geographical distribution and high adaptability in different habitats. Interspecific artificial hybridization experiments have been conducted in our Akebia germplasm resources nursery. The results showed that there was no reproductive isolation between Akebia species, and fertile progeny could be produced. The synthesis of knowledge on these species provides insights for the rational development and utilization of these germplasm resources, and can facilitate the development of new breeding lines or varieties for commercial cultivation or production. Finally, perspectives on Akebia breeding research are discussed and conclusions are provided. This review provided breeders with new insights into Akebia domestication and breeding, and we also proposed five basic steps in the domestication of new fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Yu Zou
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Pu-Xin Gao
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Tong-Jian Li
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Jia
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Hongwen Huang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Song Y, Lee SY, Kim S, Choi I, Kim N, Park J, Seo HR. HO-1089 and HO-1197, Novel Herbal Formulas, Have Antitumor Effects via Suppression of PLK1 (Polo-like Kinase 1) Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030851. [PMID: 36765811 PMCID: PMC9913440 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a severe cancer with a very high mortality rate, begins with the surgical resection of the primary tumor. For metastasis or for tumors that cannot be resected, sorafenib, a multi-tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor, is usually the drug of choice. However, typically, neither resection nor sorafenib provides a cure. The drug discovery strategy for HCC therapy is shifting from monotherapies to combination regimens that combine an immuno-oncology agent with an angiogenesis inhibitor. Herbal formulas can be included in the combinations used for this personalized medicine approach. In this study, we evaluated the HCC anticancer efficacy of the new herbal formula, HO-1089. Treatment with HO-1089 inhibited HCC tumor growth by inducing DNA damage-mediated apoptosis and by arresting HCC cell replication during the G2/M phase. HO-1089 also attenuated the migratory capacity of HCC cells via the inhibition of the expression of EMT-related proteins. Biological pathways involved in metabolism and the mitotic cell cycle were suppressed in HO-1089-treated HCC cells. HO-1089 attenuated expression of the G2/M phase regulatory protein, PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1), in HCC cells. HCC xenograft mouse models revealed that the daily oral administration of HO-1089 retarded tumor growth without systemic toxicity in vivo. The use of HO-1197, a novel herbal formula derived from HO-1089, resulted in statistically significant improved anticancer efficacy relative to HO-1089 in HCC. These results suggest that HO-1089 is a safe and potent integrated natural medicine for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhwa Song
- Advanced Biomedical Research Lab, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Advanced Biomedical Research Lab, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- Advanced Biomedical Research Lab, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjeong Kim
- Advanced Biomedical Research Lab, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- H&O Biosis Co., Ltd., 19-10, Jeongnamsandan-ro, Jeongnam-myeon, Hwaseong-si 18514, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Seo
- Advanced Biomedical Research Lab, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Physicochemical Characteristics and Nutritional Composition during Fruit Ripening of Akebia trifoliata (Lardizabalaceae). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Akebia trifoliata is a high-value medicinal and edible fruit crop in China, and it has begun to be widely cultivated as a new fruit crop in many areas of China. Its fruits crack longitudinally when fully ripe and should be harvested before fruit cracking. Physicochemical characteristics and nutritional composition of the ripening process are prerequisites to establishing proper harvest maturity windows. In the current study, we have investigated the fruit quality characteristics of two A. trifoliata clonal lines (‘Luqing’ and ‘Luyu’) that were harvested at four time points (S1: 120 days after full bloom (DAFB), S2: 134 DAFB, S3: 148 DAFB, S4: 155 DAFB). An increase in fruit size (fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit diameter) was associated with delayed harvest maturity. The firmness of A. trifoliata fruit exhibited a decreasing trend with delaying the harvest stage. In particular, the firmness decreased sharply from S2 to S3 stage. The TSS, fructose, and glucose content in A. trifoliata fruit continuously increased from the S1 to S4 stage and accumulated sharply from S2 to S3 stage. However, the sucrose and starch content showed an increasing trend from the S1 to S2 stage but declined sharply in the S3 or S4 stage. Ascorbic acid progressively increased with the advancement of A. trifoliata maturity stages, while total phenolics and total flavonoids levels declined with fruit ripening. Considering the results of all quality parameters mentioned above, the A. trifoliata fruit harvested at the S3 maturity stage was the ideal harvest maturity for long-distance transportation and higher consumer acceptability before fruit cracking. Our research reveals the dynamic changes in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional composition during fruit ripening of A. trifoliata. Results in this study reflect the importance of maturity stages for fruit quality and provide basic information for optimal harvest management of A. trifoliata.
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Zhang JM, Peng XY, Song ML, Li ZJ, Xu XQ, Wang W. Effects of climate change on the distribution of wild Akebia trifoliata. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8714. [PMID: 35356559 PMCID: PMC8941373 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impacts and constraints of climate change on the geographical distribution of wild Akebia trifoliata is crucial for its sustainable management and economic development as a medicinal material or fruit. In this study, according to the first‐hand information obtained from field investigation, the distribution and response to climate change of A. trifoliata were studied by the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS. The genetic diversity and population structure of 21 natural populations of A. trifoliata were studied by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results showed that the most important bioclimatic variable limiting the distribution of A. trifoliata was the Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (bio11). Under the scenarios SSP1‐2.6 and SSP2‐4.5, the suitable area of A. trifoliata in the world will remain stable, and the suitable area will increase significantly under the scenarios of SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5. Under the current climate scenario, the suitable growth regions of A. trifoliata in China were 79.9–122.7°E and 21.5–37.5°N. Under the four emission scenarios in the future, the geometric center of the suitable distribution regions of Akebia trifoliata in China will move to the north. The clustering results of 21 populations of A. trifoliata analyzed by SSR markers showed that they had a trend of evolution from south to north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ming Zhang
- The Institute of Forestry the Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China.,Department of Biology Taiyuan Normal University Taiyuan China
| | | | - Min-Li Song
- Department of Biology Taiyuan Normal University Taiyuan China
| | - Zhen-Jian Li
- The Institute of Forestry the Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Xin-Qiao Xu
- The Institute of Forestry the Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Institute of Forestry the Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China.,School of Life Sciences Yulin University Yulin China
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Li X, Xia Y, Li G, Zhan Z, Yao R, Li M. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Akebiae Caulis and its synonyms: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114245. [PMID: 34052351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Mutong" ( in Chinese, and generally known as Akebiae Caulis), which refers to a group of herbal medicines with different biological origins along history, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years; it is still being frequently used in medicine. In recent decades, Akebiae Caulis has been reported to exhibit apparent toxicity. AIM OF THIS STUDY To clarify the plant species used as Akebiae Caulis and its synonyms, and to summarize their phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. METHODS Academic search engines (Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Science Direct, Springer Link, SciFinder, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO), ancient Chinese herbals, and modern medical monographs were used to obtain phytochemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and quality control information. Furthermore, a field survey was conducted to clarify the associated species. RESULTS Akebiae Caulis is derived from eight species belonging to two families. In the 2005 Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China, it has been separated into two categories: Akebiae Caulis and Clematidis Armandii Caulis. Traditionally, Akebiae Caulis has been used to treat conditions such as gonorrhea, edema, and tongue sores. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antihypertensive, antibacterial, analgesic, and other properties of Akebiae Caulis. Among the species used, Aristolochiae manshuriensis Kom. (Aristolochiaceae) contains aristolochic acid that has raised concerns globally because of its nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Clarifying the biological origin of traditional herbal medicines is critical for their safe and effective use. The present review revealed that the biological origin of Akebiae Caulis is diverse. The traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Akebiae Caulis indicate that it is a useful medical resource. The diversity of its biological and pharmacological activities is associated with the presence of a large number of chemical substances, among which terpenoids are predominant. Systematic reviews on Akebiae Caulis such as this one would provide solid references for its safe use, as well as drug discovery studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010110, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China.
| | - Guohua Li
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China.
| | - Zhilai Zhan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chinese Medicine Resource Center, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ruyu Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Minhui Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010110, China; Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China; Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014040, China.
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Li Y, Ma J, Song Z, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Xu J, Guo Y. The Antitumor Activity and Mechanism of a Natural Diterpenoid From Casearia graveolens. Front Oncol 2021; 11:688195. [PMID: 34249737 PMCID: PMC8267910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.688195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Casearlucin A, a diterpenoid obtained from Casearia graveolens, has been reported to possess strong cytotoxic activity. However, the in vivo anti-tumor effects and the action mechanism of casearlucin A remain poorly understood. Our study revealed that casearlucin A arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 stage and induced cell apoptosis in cell level. Additionally, casearlucin A inhibited HepG2 cell migration via regulating a few of metastasis-related proteins. Furthermore, it inhibited tumor angiogenesis in zebrafish in vivo. More importantly, casearlucin A significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration in an in vivo zebrafish xenograft model. Collectively, these results are valuable for the further development and application of casearlucin A as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziteng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and Drug Discovery Center for Infectious Disease, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Peng P, Jia D, Cao L, Lu W, Liu X, Liang C, Pan Z, Fang Z. Akebia saponin E, as a novel PIKfyve inhibitor, induces lysosome-associated cytoplasmic vacuolation to inhibit proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113446. [PMID: 33031902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with increasing mortality in China. Screening and identifying effective anticancer compounds from active traditional Chinese herbs for HCC are in demand. Akebia trifoliata (Thunb) Koidz, with pharmacological anti-HCC activities in clinical, has been shown in previous research. In the present research, we elucidated a potential anticancer effect of Akebia saponin E (ASE), which is isolated from the immature seeds of Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz, and revealed that ASE could induce severe expanded vacuoles in HCC cells. But the potential mechanism of vacuole-formation and the anti-HCC effects by ASE remain uncover. AIM OF THIS STUDY To elucidate the potential mechanism of vacuole-formation and the proliferation inhibition effects by ASE in HCC cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell viability. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to examine the biomarkers of endomembrane. Cells were infected with tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3 lentivirus to assess autophagy flux. RNA-seq was conducted to analyze the genome-wide transcriptional between treatment cell groups. In vitro PIKfyve kinase assay is detected by the ADP-GloTM Kinase Assay Kit. RESULTS ASE could inhibit the proliferation of HCC with severe expanded vacuoles in vitro, and could significantly reduce the size and weight of xenograft tumor in vivo. Further, the vacuoles induced by ASE were aberrant enlarged lysosomes instead of autophagosome or autolysosomes. With cytoplasmic vacuolation, ASE induced a mTOR-independent TFEB activation for lysosomal biogenesis and a decrement of cholesterol levels in HCC cells. Furthermore, ASE could reduce the activity of PIKfyve (phosphoinositide kinase containing a FYVE-type finger), causing aberrant lysosomal biogenesis and cholesterol dyshomeostasis which triggered the expanded vacuole formation. CONCLUSION ASE can prospectively inhibit the kinase activity of PIKfyve to induce lysosome-associated cytoplasmic vacuolation, and may be utilized as an alternative candidate to treat human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peike Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongwei Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linna Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqin Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Huang H, Liang J, Tan Q, Ou L, Li X, Zhong C, Huang H, Møller IM, Wu X, Song S. Insights into triterpene synthesis and unsaturated fatty-acid accumulation provided by chromosomal-level genome analysis of Akebia trifoliata subsp. australis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:33. [PMID: 33518712 PMCID: PMC7848005 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Akebia trifoliata subsp. australis is a well-known medicinal and potential woody oil plant in China. The limited genetic information available for A. trifoliata subsp. australis has hindered its exploitation. Here, a high-quality chromosome-level genome sequence of A. trifoliata subsp. australis is reported. The de novo genome assembly of 682.14 Mb was generated with a scaffold N50 of 43.11 Mb. The genome includes 25,598 protein-coding genes, and 71.18% (485.55 Mb) of the assembled sequences were identified as repetitive sequences. An ongoing massive burst of long terminal repeat (LTR) insertions, which occurred ~1.0 million years ago, has contributed a large proportion of LTRs in the genome of A. trifoliata subsp. australis. Phylogenetic analysis shows that A. trifoliata subsp. australis is closely related to Aquilegia coerulea and forms a clade with Papaver somniferum and Nelumbo nucifera, which supports the well-established hypothesis of a close relationship between basal eudicot species. The expansion of UDP-glucoronosyl and UDP-glucosyl transferase gene families and β-amyrin synthase-like genes and the exclusive contraction of terpene synthase gene families may be responsible for the abundant oleanane-type triterpenoids in A. trifoliata subsp. australis. Furthermore, the acyl-ACP desaturase gene family, including 12 stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein desaturase (SAD) genes, has expanded exclusively. A combined transcriptome and fatty-acid analysis of seeds at five developmental stages revealed that homologs of SADs, acyl-lipid desaturase omega fatty acid desaturases (FADs), and oleosins were highly expressed, consistent with the rapid increase in the content of fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids. The genomic sequences of A. trifoliata subsp. australis will be a valuable resource for comparative genomic analyses and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Juan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Linfeng Ou
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Caihong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Huilin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Xianjin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Songquan Song
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China.
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Genome survey sequencing and genetic diversity of cultivated Akebia trifoliata assessed via phenotypes and SSR markers. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:241-250. [PMID: 33400074 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Akebia trifoliata (Lardizabalaceae) is an important medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological effects. However, the lack of genomic information had limited the further excavation and utilization of this plant. An initial survey of the genome A. trifoliata was performed by next-generation sequencing, and then the genome size was inferred by flow cytometry. The whole genome survey of A. trifoliata generated 61.90 Gb of sequence data with approximately 95.51 × coverage. The genome size, heterozygosity and GC content obtained by k-mer analysis were almost 648.07 Mb, 0.72% and 36.11%, respectively. The genome size calculated by flow cytometry was 685.77 Mb, which was consistent with the results of genome survey. A total of 851,957 simple sequence repeats (SSR) were identified in the A. trifoliata genome. Twenty-eight phenotypic traits and thirty pairs of SSR primers were selected for the analysis of the genetic diversity of 43 accessions of cultivated A. trifoliata. The results showed that 216 bands were generated by 30 pairs of SSR primers, of which 189 (87.5%) were polymorphic. In addition, the phenotypes and SSR markers were used for cluster analysis of 43 cultivated accessions. The results of the two clustering methods were partially consistent. The genome survey of A. trifoliata demonstrated that the genome size of this plant was about 648.07 Mb. In the present study, the size and characteristics of the genome of A. trifoliata were reported for the first time, which greatly enriched the genomic resources of A. trifoliata for the further research and utilization.
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Anticancer activities of TCM and their active components against tumor metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111044. [PMID: 33378952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has the characteristics of multiple targets, slight side effects and good therapeutic effects. Good anti-tumor effects are shown by Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription, Chinese patent medicine, single Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traditional Chinese medicine monomer compound. Clinically, TCM prolonged the survival time of patients and improved the life quality of patients, due to less side effects. Cancer metastasis is a complex process involving numerous steps, multiple genes and their products. During the process of tumor metastasis, firstly, cancer cell increases its proliferative capacity by reducing autophagy and apoptosis, and then the cancer cell capacity is stimulated by increasing the ability of tumors to absorb nutrients from the outside through angiogenesis. Both of the two steps can increase tumor migration and invasion. Finally, the purpose of tumor metastasis is achieved. By inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, angiogenesis and EMT outside the tumor can inhibit the invasion and migration of cancer, and consequently achieve the purpose of inhibiting tumor metastasis. This review explores the research achievements of Traditional Chinese Medicine on breast cancer, lung cancer, hepatic carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and other cancer metastasis in the past five years, summarizes the development direction of TCM on cancer metastasis research in the past five years and makes a prospect for the future.
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Pan H, Deng L, Feng D, Zhong C, Li L. First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Akebia trifoliata in China. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 105:499. [PMID: 32915120 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1525-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Akebia trifoliata (Thunberg) Koidzumi (three-leaf akebia), a climbing deciduous woody plant, grows wild in mountains of China and Japan. It has long been prized for its delicious sweet taste and medicinal value (Lu et al., 2019). Few pests and diseases reportedly affect this plant (Ye et al., 2013), but with more commercial planting of A. trifoliata in China, symptoms of anthracnose on leaves and fruits have increased. Between December 2018 and May 2019, typical anthracnose symptoms were first observed on A. trifoliata grown in Wuhan, China, with an incidence up to 15%. Diseased leaves exhibited irregular gray-brown spots with dark brown edges, and dark brown undersides, substantially affecting photosynthesis and growth. As disease progressed, white mycelium appeared on stems causing stem rot and fruit drop. Several round or needle-shaped dark brown spots formed on fruit peel, coalescing into irregular, slightly sunken blotches. Under high humidity, the whole fruit turned brown and the spots were covered by white mycelia, greatly affecting the fruits' ornamental quality. To isolate the pathogen, 5-mm2 pieces of symptomatic tissue from 10 infected leaves and fruits were surface-disinfected for 90 s in 1% sodium hypochlorite then 30 s in 75% ethanol, rinsed twice with sterile water, then incubated on potato dextrose agar (PDA, Oxoid) at 25°C under 12 h light/dark photoperiod. Pure cultures were obtained from hyphal tips of each colony. Initially, colonies produced white mycelia, turning gray after 5 days. The isolates produced abundant hyaline, single celled, straight and cylindrical conidia, with mean size 10.35 to 15.58 × 3.46 to 5.69 μm. Morphological characteristics were generally consistent with those of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Cannon et al. 2012). Genomic DNA of three isolates was extracted for PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and β-tubulin (TUB2), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes (Weir et al. 2012). BLAST search identified all sequences (GenBank accession nos. MT451846 to MT451848 for ITS, MT573957 to MT573959 for TUB2, and MT573960 to MT573962 for GAPDH) as 100% matches to C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. CBS 112999 strain (JQ005152 for ITS, JQ005587 for TUB2, JQ005239 for GAPDH) (Damm et al. 2009). Identification was confirmed by maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using MEGA7 . To evaluate pathogenicity, isolates were inoculated onto one side of 10 wounded healthy leaves of 1-year-old pot-grown A. trifoliata plants and 10 nearly mature fruits, with 10 μl of conidial suspension (106/ml) and colonized PDA pieces (5 mm diam.) from 7-day-old cultures of the fungus in Petri dishes; control sides received 10 μl sterile distilled water and sterile agar pieces. The test was performed twice. After incubation at 25°C, 70% humidity under 12 h fluorescent illumination/12 h dark for 5 days, similar spots were observed on all inoculated leaves and fruits. Controls remained asymptomatic. The re-isolated pathogen was identified as C. gloeosporioides by biological characteristics and sequencing analysis, indicating that C. gloeosporioides was a causal agent of anthracnose of A. trifoliata. Anthracnose caused by C. acutatum has been reported on A. trifoliata in Japan (Kobayshi et al. 2004). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. gloeosporioides found on Akebia species. The new disease primarily reduces the quality and yield of A. trifoliata. Effective measures should be taken to manage this disease. Funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701974; 31901980), Science and technology program funded by Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau (2018020401011307). References: Lu, W.L., et al. 2019. J. Ethnopharmacol. 234:204. Ye, Y.F., et al. 2013. Plant Dis. 97:1659. Kobayshi, Y., et al. 2004. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 70:295. Cannon, P.F., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:181. Weir, B.S., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:115. Damm, U., et al. 2009. Fungal Divers. 39:45.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China, Wuhan, China;
| | - Lei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China, Wuhan, China;
| | - Dandan Feng
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, , Wuhan, China;
| | - Caihong Zhong
- Key laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agricμlture, Wuhan Botanic Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agricμlture, Wuhan Botanic Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China, Wuhan, China, 430074;
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanic Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Province, Wuhan, Lumo 1, Wuhan, China, 430074;
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