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Mirsanei Z, Heidari N, Hazrati A, Asemani Y, Niknam B, Yousefi Z, Jafari R. Oleuropein reduces LPS-induced inflammation via stimulating M2 macrophage polarization. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114857. [PMID: 37178576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein (OLEU) is the most prevalent phenolic component in olive varieties, and it has been considered for its powerful antioxidant properties in therapeutic applications. OLEU has anti-inflammatory properties and performs this property by suppressing inflammatory cells' function and reducing oxidative stress caused by various factors. This study investigated the ability of OLEU to polarize LPS-stimulated murine macrophage (MQ) cell RAW 264.7 into M1/M2 macrophages. As a first step, the cytotoxicity effects of OLEU were evaluated on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells using the thiazolyl blue (MTT) colorimetric test. Then, cytokines production, gene expression (Real-Time PCR), and functions (Nitrite oxide assay and phagocytosis assay) of OLEU-treated LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. Our findings demonstrated that OLEU could reduce nitrite oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by downregulating the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Furthermore, OLEU therapy decreases the expression of M1-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines production (IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and genes expression (iNOS, TNF-α) while increasing the M2-associated anti-inflammatory gene expression and cytokines production (IL-10, and TGF-β). Based on the result, OLEU may be considered a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases due to its possible effects on oxidative stress-related factors, cytokine expression and production, and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mirsanei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Heidari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Asemani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Niknam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefi
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Lee D, Kim JW, Lee CY, Oh J, Hwang SH, Jo M, Kim SA, Choi W, Noh JK, Yi DK, Song M, Kim HG, Cho JY. Guettarda crispiflora Vahl Methanol Extract Ameliorates Acute Lung Injury and Gastritis by Suppressing Src Phosphorylation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3560. [PMID: 36559672 PMCID: PMC9784507 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many species in the genus Guettarda are known to exert anti-inflammatory effects and are used as traditional medicinal plants to treat various inflammatory symptoms. However, no studies on the inflammatory activities of Guettarda crispiflora Vahl have been reported. The aim of the study was to investigate in vitro and in vivo the anti-inflammatory effects of a methanol extract of Guettarda crispiflora Vahl (Gc-ME). To determine the anti-inflammatory activity of Gc-ME, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, poly(I:C)-, or Pam3CSK4-treated RAW264.7 cells, HCl/EtOH- and LPS-treated mice were employed for in vitro and in vivo tests. LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells was determined by Griess assays and cytokine gene expression in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells, confirmed by RT- and real-time PCR. Transcriptional activation was evaluated by luciferase reporter gene assay. Target protein validation was assessed by Western blot analysis and cellular thermal shift assays (CETSA) with LPS-treated RAW264.7 and gene-transfected HEK293 cells. Using both a HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis model and an LPS-induced lung injury model, inflammatory states were checked by scoring or evaluating gastric lesions, lung edema, and lung histology. Phytochemical fingerprinting of Gc-ME was observed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nitric oxide production induced by LPS and Pam3CSK4 in RAW264.7 cells was revealed to be reduced by Gc-ME. The LPS-induced upregulation of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-1β was also suppressed by Gc-ME treatment. Gc-ME downregulated the promotor activities of AP-1 and NF-κB triggered by MyD88- and TRIF induction. Upstream signaling proteins for NF-κB activation, namely, p-p50, p-p65, p-IκBα, and p-Src were all downregulated by Ch-EE. Moreover, Src was revealed to be directly targeted by Gc-ME. This extract, orally treated strongly, attenuated the inflammatory symptoms in HCl/EtOH-treated stomachs and LPS-treated lungs. Therefore, these results strongly imply that Guettarda crispiflora can be developed as a promising anti-inflammatory remedy with Src-suppressive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyeong Jo
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung A Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dong-Keun Yi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Song
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Korean red ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:489-495. [PMID: 35600780 PMCID: PMC9120761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although ginsenosides and saponins in Korea red ginseng (KRG) shows various pharmacological roles, their roles in the inflammatory response are little known. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory role of ginsenosides identified from KRG saponin fraction (RGSF) and the potential mechanism in macrophages. Methods The ginsenoside composition of RGSF was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. An anti-inflammatory effect of RGSF and its mechanisms were studied using nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production assays, mRNA expression analyses of inflammatory genes and cytokines, luciferase reporter gene assays of transcription factors, and Western blot analyses of inflammatory signaling pathways using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells. Results HPLC analysis identified the types and amounts of various panaxadiol ginsenosides in RGSF. RGSF reduced the generation of inflammatory molecules and mRNA levels of inflammatory enzymes and cytokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, RGSF inhibited the signaling pathways of NF-κB and AP-1 by suppressing both transcriptional factors and signaling molecules in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion RGSF contains ginsenosides that have anti-inflammatory action via restraining the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways in macrophages during inflammatory responses.
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Chen H, Hong YH, Woo BY, Hong YD, Manilack P, Souladeth P, Jung JH, Lee WS, Jeon MJ, Kim T, Hossain MA, Yum J, Kim JH, Cho JY. Cocculus hirsutus ameliorates gastric and lung injuries by suppressing Src/Syk. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153778. [PMID: 34628239 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W. Thedo., a traditionally well-known plant, has confirmed antitumor properties as well as acute and chronic diuretic effects. However, little is known about its inflammatory activities and the potential effect on inflammatory disease treatment. PURPOSE Our aim in this study was to explore additional beneficial properties of C. hirsutus ethanol extract (Ch-EE) such as anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo as well as its underlying mechanisms and to provide a theoretical basis for its role as a candidate natural drug in clinical gastritis and lung disease therapy. STUDY DESIGN RAW264.7 cells, HEK293T cells, peritoneal macrophages, and mouse models of acute gastritis and acute lung injury were used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of Ch-EE. METHODS Decreases in LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine expression by RAW264.7 cells after Ch-EE treatment were evaluated by Griess assays and PCR, respectively. Transcription factor activity was assessed through luciferase reporter gene assay, and protein expression was determined by Western blotting analysis. Overexpression assays and cellular thermal shift assays were executed in HEK293T cells. Our two in vivo models were an HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis model and an LPS-induced lung injury model. Changes in stomach lesions, lung edema, and lung histology were examined upon treatment with Ch-EE. Components of Ch-EE were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS LPS-induced nitric oxide production and Pam3CSK4- and L-NAME-induced NO production were inhibited by Ch-EE treatment of RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, LPS-induced increases in transcript levels of iNOS, COX2, CCL12, and IL-1β were reduced by Ch-EE treatment. Ch-EE decreased both MyD88- and TRIF-induced NF-κB promotor activity. Proteins upstream of NF-κB, namely p-p50, p-p65, p-IκBα, p-AKT1, p-Src, and p-Syk, were all downregulated by Ch-EE. Moreover, Src and Syk were targets of Ch-EE. Ch-EE treatment reduced the size of inflammatory stomach lesions induced by HCl/EtOH, lung edema, and accumulation of activated neutrophils caused by LPS. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that Cocculus hirsutus can be developed as a promising anti-inflammatory remedy with Src- and Syk-inhibitory functions targeting diseases related to gastritis and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Chen
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Yong Deog Hong
- AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin, 17074, Republic of Korea.
| | - Philaxay Manilack
- Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, P.O. Box: 811, The Lao People's Democratic Republic.
| | - Phetlasy Souladeth
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forest Science, National University of Laos, Vientiane, P.O. Box: 7322, The Lao People's Democratic Republic.
| | - Ji Hwa Jung
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Shin Lee
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi Jeong Jeon
- Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taewoo Kim
- Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwhoa Yum
- Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SA, Lee CY, Mitra A, Kim H, Woo BY, Hong YD, Noh JK, Yi DK, Kim HG, Cho JY. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Huberia peruviana Cogn. Methanol Extract by Inhibiting Src Activity in the NF-κB Pathway. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112335. [PMID: 34834697 PMCID: PMC8619548 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need to develop anti-inflammatory drugs to regulate inflammatory responses. An extract of Huberia peruviana Cogn. had the best inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in screening process undertaken in our laboratory. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of Huberia peruviana Cogn. methanol extract (Hp-ME) has not been studied. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Hp-ME was assessed by using an NO assay, RT-PCR, luciferase reporter gene activity assay, western blotting assay, HCl/EtOH-induced acute gastritis model, and LPS-induced acute lung injury model. The phytochemical components of Hp-ME were determined through LC-MS/MS analysis. When RAW264.7 and HEK293T cells were treated with Hp-ME, NO production was decreased dose-dependently without cytotoxicity and the mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α were decreased. In a luciferase assay, the activity of transcription factors, NF-κB in TRIF or MyD88-overexpressing HEK293T cells was extremely reduced by Hp-ME. The western blotting analysis indicated that Hp-ME has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Src. Hp-ME showed anti-inflammatory effects on in vivo models of HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis and LPS-induced acute lung injury. LC-MS/MS revealed that Hp-ME contains several anti-inflammatory flavonoids. The final findings of this study imply that Hp-ME could be used as an anti-inflammatory drug in several inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung A Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.A.K.); (C.Y.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Chae Young Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.A.K.); (C.Y.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Ankita Mitra
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Haeyeop Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.A.K.); (C.Y.L.); (H.K.)
| | - Byoung Young Woo
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea; (B.Y.W.); (Y.D.H.)
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea; (B.Y.W.); (Y.D.H.)
| | - Jin Kyoung Noh
- Instituto de BioEconomia, El Batan, Quito 170135, Ecuador;
| | - Dong-Keun Yi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.A.K.); (C.Y.L.); (H.K.)
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.A.K.); (C.Y.L.); (H.K.)
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
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Joghee S, Kalarikkal SP, Sundaram GM, Durai Ananda Kumar T, Chidambaram SB. Chemical profiling and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of bioactive fraction(s) from Trichodesma indicum (L.) R.Br. against LPS induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114235. [PMID: 34044081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br. (family: Boraginaceae) is a medicinal herb largely used to treat arthralgia, rheumatoid arthritis, wound healing, dysentery, etc. It's mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity has not been systematically analyzed yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of successive solvent extracts (n-hexane extract (HE), ethyl acetate extract (EA), ethanol extract (EE), aqueous extract (AE) and fractions of HE) from the aerial parts of Trichodesma indicum (TI) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated inflammatory reaction using mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxic effects of the extracts and fractions of TI were assessed by MTT assay. The effect of extracts and fractions on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages were measured using the Griess reagent method. IL - 6, IL - 1β, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2 gene expressions were examined by a qRT-PCR method. RESULTS RAW 264.7 macrophages pretreated with HE, EA, EE and AE of TI showed a significant decrease in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and NO without exhibiting cytotoxicity. The potent HE was fractionated using flash chromatography into FA, FB, FC, FD and FE. Among the five fractions, FE displayed a stronger ability to reduce IL - 1β, TNF-α, iNOS, COX2 and NO importantly no cytotoxicity was observed. The phytochemical compounds present in FE were further screened by Gas chromatography - Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis revealed that 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester is the major compound in FE. Molecular docking analysis showed good inhibition of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester against TLR-4, NIK and TACE. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester could be a potential candidate in alleviating inflammatory reactions in TI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Joghee
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sreeram P Kalarikkal
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Cheluvamba Mansion, Mysore-570020, Karnataka, India.
| | - Gopinath M Sundaram
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Cheluvamba Mansion, Mysore-570020, Karnataka, India.
| | - T Durai Ananda Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India.
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Amrati FEZ, Bourhia M, Slighoua M, Mohammad Salamatullah A, Alzahrani A, Ullah R, Bari A, Bousta D. Traditional medicinal knowledge of plants used for cancer treatment by communities of mountainous areas of Fez-Meknes-Morocco. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1185-1204. [PMID: 34703372 PMCID: PMC8523330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their existence on earth, humans have used herbal medicine to meet their requirements for medication. The aim of the study: This work refers to a study conducted to carry out an ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of cancer in Fez-Meknes region of Morocco. Material and Methods: To achieve this goal, 300 informants including 237 local people and 63 herbalists. They were requested to fill a survey related questionnaire aiming at the collection of data about the addressed objective. Informants were asked about the vernacular names, parts of medicinal plants used, mode of preparation, route of administration, reference area as well as the ecological distribution. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Fidelity Level (FL) were calculated to identify the most effective plants recommended by informants for disease treatment. Results: The findings obtained in the present survey revealed that 94 species belonging to 47 families have been used for cancer treatment in the region of Fez-Meknes. Fruits, leaves, and seeds are the most commonly used plant parts, by the time powder and infusion arethe most common methods used fordrug preparations. Conclusion: This work may contribute towards the society as it provides interesting data on traditional medicinal knowledge of medicinal plantsused to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agrofood and environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Environment, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Meryem Slighoua
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agrofood and environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy (Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Bari
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agrofood and environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Dalila Bousta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agrofood and environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
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Anti-Gastritis and Anti-Lung Injury Effects of Pine Tree Ethanol Extract Targeting Both NF-κB and AP-1 Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206275. [PMID: 34684856 PMCID: PMC8538959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An ethanol extract (Pd-EE) of Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc was derived from the branches of pine trees. According to the Donguibogam, pine resin has the effects of lowering the fever, reducing pain, and killing worms. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Pd-EE has anti-inflammatory effects. During in vitro trials, NO production, as well as changes in the mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes and the phosphorylation levels of related proteins, were confirmed in RAW264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide depending on the presence or absence of Pd-EE treatment. The activities of transcription factors were checked in HEK293T cells transfected with adapter molecules in the inflammatory pathway. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of Pd-EE was also estimated in vivo with acute gastritis and acute lung injury models. LC-MS analysis was conducted to identify the components of Pd-EE. This extract reduced the production of NO and the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, protein expression levels of p50 and p65 and phosphorylation levels of FRA1 were decreased. In the luciferase assay, the activities of NF-κB and AP-1 were lowered. In acute gastritis and acute lung injury models, Pd-EE suppressed inflammation, resulting in alleviated damage.
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Su Q, Yu XJ, Yang Q, Wang XM, Xia WJ, Li HB, Liu KL, Yi QY, Kang YM. Inhibition of Maternal c-Src Ameliorates the Male Offspring Hypertension by Suppressing Inflammation and Neurotransmitters in the Paraventricular Nucleus. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:820-834. [PMID: 34269955 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long-term maternal salt intake induces the hypertension in offspring. Numerous studies have also indicated that high-salt diet causes the inflammation and an imbalance in neurotransmitters in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) which increases the blood pressure and sympathetic activity. This study aimed to explore whether maternal salt intake induces hypertension in their male offspring by increasing the inflammation and changing the neurotransmitters balance in the paraventricular nucleus of offspring. This study includes two parts: Part I to explore the effect of high-salt diet on pregnant rats and the changes in inflammation and neurotransmitters in their male offspring PVN; Part II to reveal the influence on their offspring of bilateral PVN infusion of c-Src inhibitor dasatinib (DAS) in pregnant rats fed a high-salt diet. Maternal high-salt diet intake during copulation, pregnancy, and lactation impacted the offspring mean arterial pressure (MAP) and elevated the offspring PVN levels of p-Src, proinflammatory cytokines, and excitatory neurotransmitters. Bilateral PVN infusion of a c-Src inhibitor combined with maternal high-salt diets decreased MAP in the offspring. The infusion was also shown to suppress the Src-induced MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway (p38 MAPK, JNK, Erk1/2), which attenuates inflammatory reactions. Finally, bilateral PVN infusion of the Src inhibitor in pregnant rat with high-salt diets improved the levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters in offspring PVN, which restored the excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmitter balance in male offspring. High-salt diets increase sympathetic activity and blood pressure in adult offspring, probably by activating the c-Src/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway-induced inflammation. Moreover, NF-κB disrupts the downstream excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmitter balance in the PVN of male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Yi
- Clinical Pharmacological Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Taghizadeh SF, Azizi M, Rezaee R, Giesy JP, Karimi G. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and metals in olive: analysis and probabilistic risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39723-39741. [PMID: 33759105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, levels of 22 pesticides, eight metals, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 1800 Iranian olive samples (20 cultivars from six different cultivation zones), were determined; then, health risk posed by oral consumption of the olive samples to Iranian consumers was assessed. Quantification of PAHs and pesticides was done by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and metal levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). There were no significant differences among the cultivars and zones in terms of the levels of the tested compounds. Target hazard quotients (THQ) were <1.0 for all pesticides, and total hazard indices (HI) indicated di minimis risk. At the 25th or 95th centiles, Incremental Life Time Cancer Risks (ILCRs) for carcinogenic elements, arsenic, and lead and noncarcinogenic metals did not exhibit a significant hazard (HI <1.0 for both cases). At the 25th or 95th centiles, ILCR and margins of exposure (MoE) for PAHs indicated di minimis risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that concentrations of contaminants had the most significant effect on carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, 1365-91775, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, 1365-91775, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Negi P, Cheke RS, Patil VM. Recent advances in pharmacological diversification of Src family kinase inhibitors. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Src kinase, a nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinase is composed of 11 members (in human) and is involved in a wide variety of essential functions required to sustain cellular homeostasis and survival.
Main body of the abstract
Deregulated activity of Src family kinase is related to malignant transformation. In 2001, Food and Drug Administration approved imatinib for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia followed by approval of various other inhibitors from this category as effective therapeutics for cancer patients. In the past decade, Src family kinase has been investigated for the treatment of diverse pathologies in addition to cancer. In this regard, we provide a systematic evaluation of Src kinase regarding its mechanistic role in cancer and other diseases. Here we comment on preclinical and clinical success of Src kinase inhibitors in cancer followed by diabetes, hypertension, tuberculosis, and inflammation.
Short conclusion
Studies focusing on the diversified role of Src kinase as potential therapeutical target for the development of medicinally active agents might produce significant advances in the management of not only various types of cancer but also other diseases which are in demand for potent and safe therapeutics.
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12
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Song C, Kim MY, Cho JY. Olea europaea Suppresses Inflammation by Targeting TAK1-Mediated MAP Kinase Activation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061540. [PMID: 33799767 PMCID: PMC8000943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Possessing a variety of medicinal functions, Olea europaea L. is widely cultivated across the world. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Olea europaea is not yet fully elucidated. In this study, how the methanol extract of the leaves of Olea europaea (Oe-ME) can suppress in vitro inflammatory responses was examined in terms of the identification of the target protein. RAW264.7 and HEK293T cells were used to study macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and to validate the target protein using PCR, immunoblotting, nuclear fraction, overexpression, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) under fixed conditions. Oe-ME treatment inhibited the mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in activated RAW264.7 cells. Oe-ME diminished the activation of activator protein (AP)-1 and the phosphorylation of its upstream signaling cascades, including extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6), p38, MKK7, and transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), in stimulated-RAW264.7 cells. Overexpression and CETSA were carried out to verify that TAK1 is the target of Oe-ME. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of Oe-ME could be attributed to its control of posttranslational modification and transcription of TAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Song
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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13
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Patel B, Sharma S, Nair N, Majeed J, Goyal RK, Dhobi M. Therapeutic opportunities of edible antiviral plants for COVID-19. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2345-2364. [PMID: 33587232 PMCID: PMC7882868 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of Serious Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that produces corona virus disease (COVID-19) has challenged the entire mankind by rapidly spreading globally in 210 countries affecting over 25 million people and about 1 million deaths worldwide. It continues to spread, afflicting the health system globally. So far there is no remedy for the ailment and the available antiviral regimens have been unsatisfactory for the clinical outcomes and the mode of treatment has been mainly supportive for the prevention of COVID-19-induced morbidity and mortality. From the time immortal the traditional plant-based ethno-medicines have provided the leads for the treatment of infectious diseases. Phytopharmaceuticals have provided potential and less toxic antiviral drugs as compared to conventional modern therapeutics which are associated with severe toxicities. The ethnopharmacological knowledge about plants has provided food supplements and nutraceuticals as a promise for prevention and treatment of the current pandemic. In this review article, we have attempted to comprehend the information about the edible medicinal plant materials with potential antiviral activity specifically against RNA virus which additionally possess property to improve immunity along with external and internal respiration and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties for the prevention and treatment of the disease. This will open an arena for the development of novel nutraceutical herbal formulations as an alternative therapy that can be used for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Nisha Nair
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Jaseela Majeed
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Therapeutic and Preventive Effects of Olea europaea Extract on Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Injury Model in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6669813. [PMID: 33424990 PMCID: PMC7773470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6669813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Olea europaea (known as olive fruit) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and many potential health benefits including gastric inflammation reduction has been shown previously. This study aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of O. europaea extract on the early histological changes in indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury model with the plasma D-lactate concentration being measured as a tool for determination of intestinal permeability. Methods In this experimental study, two separate protective and therapeutic protocols were designed. In both experiments, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and either pretreated with 0, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg/day of O. europaea extract or received the treatment after administration of indomethacin. Their small intestines were examined to compare the histological changes. The intestinal injury severity was evaluated according to the presence of eosinophils, plasma cell infiltration, edema, congestion, and hyperplasia of the crypt using a histological scoring system. Also, measured were the presence of neutrophils, decreased villus length-to-crypt depth ratio, and destructed villus architecture. The plasma concentration of D-lactate was measured as well. Results The therapeutic use of O. europaea decreased the eosinophil, edema, congestion, and crypt hyperplasia scores compared to the control group. Although no significant difference was seen between groups of the preventive experiment in plasma cell infiltration score, villus length-to-crypt depth ratio, neutrophil infiltration, and percentage of destructed villus architecture, treatment with O. europaea caused a reduction in edema, eosinophil, congestion, and crypt hyperplasia score. In both experiments, no significant difference was seen between groups for villus length-to-crypt depth ratio, neutrophil infiltration, and percentage of destructed villus architecture. Plasma D-lactate concentration was decreased in all O. europaea-treated groups compared to the control group in the therapeutic and preventive experiments (p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett test). Conclusion O. europaea extract can be used to decrease some side effects of indomethacin on intestinal tissue and enhances the gastrointestinal function. O. europaea extract could be considered as a potential herbal supplement in the treatment of intestinal morphological injuries.
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Song C, Jeong D, Hong YH, Li WY, Lee SW, Hossain MA, Taamalli A, Kim JH, Kim JH, Cho JY. Anti-Inflammatory and Photoaging-Protective Effects of Olea europaea through Inhibition of AP-1 and NF-[Formula: see text] B Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1895-1913. [PMID: 33308098 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Olea europaea is a beneficial edible plant with a number of biological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antithrombic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-ischemic activities. The mechanisms behind the antiphotoaging and anti-inflammatory effects of Olea europaea are not fully understood. To investigate how an ethanol extract of Olea europaea (Oe-EE) exerts these effects, we explored its activities in human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. We assessed the anti-oxidant effects of Oe-EE via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2[Formula: see text]-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays and measured the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], and moisturizing factors. Antiphotoaging and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Oe-EE were explored by assessing signaling molecule activation via immunoblotting. Oe-EE treatment decreased the mRNA expression level of MMPs, cyclooxygenase-2, IL-6, and TNF-[Formula: see text] and restored type I collagen, filaggrin, and sirtuin 1 expression in UVB-irradiated cells. Furthermore, Oe-EE inhibited the activities of several activator protein 1 regulatory enzymes, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B pathway signaling proteins. Therefore, our results indicate that Oe-EE has photoaging-protective and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Song
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan 650205, P. R. China
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Amani Taamalli
- Laboratory of Olive Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology-Technopole of Borj-Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Yang M, Wang Y, Patel G, Xue Q, Singor Njateng GS, Cai S, Cheng G, Kai G. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of different extracts from Epigynum auritum through down-regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113105. [PMID: 32590114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epigynum auritum has been historically used as a "dai" or traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, swelling and severe pain during injury; these may reduce risk of disease and lead to healthier aging. Apart from this, Epigynum auritum extract was also used in arhritis treatment which is also a type of inflammation. Previous phytochemical studies of E. auritum revealed that steroids are main characteristic components with a number of biological activities (especially immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity) Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of the E. auritum on inflammatory diseases is still unresolved. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to comparatively investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of different fractions from the extract of E. auritum (EAE), with their possible active ingredients to reveal the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The EAE was fractionated by column chromatography with macroporous resin D101 which yielded six fractions. The potential anti-inflammatory properties of different fractions of EAE were evaluated in in vitro and in vivo model. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages cells were used for in vitro studies however two typical acute inflammation murine models (xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema) were used for anti-inflammatory studies. The important molecular mechanisms related to inflammation were also analyzed by ELISA, western blotting and immunofluorescence. UHPLC-MS/MS was used to analyze the chemical composition of 100% EAE fraction. RESULTS Different EAE fractions (especially the Fr. 100% of MeOH:H2O) significantly reduced the productions of NO, ROS, TNF-α, and IL-6 by LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and increased the expression of IL-10. The expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 enzymes were significantly down-regulated by 100% EAE fraction. Furthermore, 100% EAE fraction inhibited the phosphorylation of the ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK, and reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB which prevents its activation by blocking the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor protein of IκBα. In addition two inflammatory animal models; xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-stimulated paw edema were also developed with significantly ameliorated inflammatory cytokines. The treatment of these inflammatory models with 100% EAE fraction (Fr. 100%) suppressed the expressions of elevated inflammatory cytokines. Besides the UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis was also carried out in which the androstane analogues were found to be as a main chemical components. CONCLUSION Different fractions (especially Fr. 100%) exert inhibitory effect on inflammation by regulating the release of inflammatory mediators through the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The androstane and its derivatives might be performing an important role in the observed anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, Fr. 100% of EAE could be applied as a potential drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Yang
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudan Wang
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Gopal Patel
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Guy Sedar Singor Njateng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Shengbao Cai
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- The Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.
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STAT3 Differentially Regulates TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Early or Late Phases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207675. [PMID: 33081347 PMCID: PMC7589049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is an important therapeutic target to manage lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been identified as an important regulator of various immune-related diseases and has generated interest as a therapeutic target. Here, we investigated the time-dependent roles of STAT3 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. STAT3 inhibition induced expression of the pro-inflammatory genes iNOS and COX-2 at early time points. STAT3 depletion resulted in regulation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB subunits p50 and p65 and IκBα/Akt/PI3K signaling. Moreover, we found that one Src family kinase, Lyn kinase, was phosphorylated in STAT3 knockout macrophages. In addition to using pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB, we found out that STAT3KO activation of NF-κB subunit p50 and p65 and expression of iNOS was significantly inhibited; furthermore, Akt tyrosine kinase inhibitors also inhibited iNOS and COX-2 gene expression during early time points of LPS stimulation, demonstrating an NF-κB- Akt-dependent mechanism. On the other hand, iNOS expression was downregulated after prolonged treatment with LPS. Activation of NF-κB signaling was also suppressed, and consequently, nitric oxide (NO) production and cell invasion were repressed. Overall, our data indicate that STAT3 differentially regulates early- and late-phase TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Olea europaea L. cv. Chetoui leaf and stem hydromethanolic extracts suppress proliferation and promote apoptosis via caspase signaling on human multiple myeloma cells. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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LOMIX, a Mixture of Flaxseed Linusorbs, Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects through Src and Syk in the NF-κB Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060859. [PMID: 32512905 PMCID: PMC7356372 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has long been used as Ayurvedic medicine, its anti-inflammatory role is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory role of a linusorb mixture (LOMIX) recovered from flaxseed oil. Effects of LOMIX on inflammation and its mechanism of action were examined using several in vitro assays (i.e., NO production, real-time PCR analysis, luciferase-reporter assay, Western blot analysis, and kinase assay) and in vivo analysis with animal inflammation models as well as acute toxicity test. Results: LOMIX inhibited NO production, cell shape change, and inflammatory gene expression in stimulated RAW264.7 cells through direct targeting of Src and Syk in the NF-κB pathway. In vivo study further showed that LOMIX alleviated symptoms of gastritis, colitis, and hepatitis in murine model systems. In accordance with in vitro results, the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects were mediated by inhibition of Src and Syk. LOMIX was neither cytotoxic nor did it cause acute toxicity in mice. In addition, it was found that LOB3, LOB2, and LOA2 are active components included in LOMIX, as assessed by NO assay. These in vitro and in vivo results suggest that LOMIX exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the inflammatory responses of macrophages and ameliorating symptoms of inflammatory diseases without acute toxicity and is a promising anti-inflammatory medication for inflammatory diseases.
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Loratadine, an antihistamine drug, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through suppression of the NF- kB pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113949. [PMID: 32251678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loratadine is an antihistamine drug that shows promise as an anti-inflammatory drug, but supportive studies are lacking. We elucidated the effects and mechanisms by which loratadine inhibits inflammatory responses. Molecular components were evaluated in macrophages by nitric oxide assay, polymerase chain reaction, luciferase assay, immunoblotting, overexpression strategies and cellular thermal shift assay. At the molecular level, loratadine reduced the levels of nitric oxide, iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide. Loratadine also specifically inhibited the NF-kB pathway, targeting the Syk and Src proteins. Furthermore, loratadine bound Src in the bridge between SH2 and SH3, and bound Syk in the protein tyrosine kinase domain. The NF-kB signaling pathway was assessed along with putative binding sites through a docking approach. The anti-inflammatory effect of loratadine was tested using mouse models of gastritis, hepatitis, colitis, and peritonitis. Stomach tissue histopathology, liver morphology, and colon length in the loratadine group were improved over the group without loratadine treatment. Taken together, loratadine inhibited the inflammatory response through the NF-kB pathway by binding with the Syk and Src proteins.
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Kim SM, Vetrivel P, Kim HH, Ha SE, Saralamma VVG, Kim GS. Artemisia iwayomogi (Dowijigi) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2161-2170. [PMID: 32104280 PMCID: PMC7027351 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are an important health concern and have a growing incidence worldwide. Thus, developing novel and safe drugs to treat these disorders remains an important pursuit. Artemisia iwayomogi, locally known as Dowijigi (DJ), is a perennial herb found primarily in Korea and is used to treat various diseases such as hepatitis, inflammation and immune disorders. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of a polyphenolic extract from the DJ flower (PDJ) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were investigated. Cell cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured by Griess and ELISA analysis, respectively. The expression levels of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) were examined by western blot analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, as well as COX2 and iNOS. The production of NO and PGE2 was significantly decreased following treatment with PDJ. The mRNA expression levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, COX2 and iNOS were significantly decreased in LPS-induced PDJ co-treated cells compared with the group treated with LPS alone. Western blot analysis indicated that PDJ downregulated the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX2, as well as the expression of NF-κB proteins. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PDJ exerted anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced macrophage cells by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, PDJ may be used as a potential therapeutic agent in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
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Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Methanol Extract Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Targeting Syk, Src, and IRAK1 Kinase Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2019:6879346. [PMID: 31929819 PMCID: PMC6942823 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6879346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour., also known as T. palmata Roxb, T. bracteata Lam., T. puber Blume, and Modecca bracteata, is a vine belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family (English name: redball snake gourd). Distributed in China, South and East Asia, and tropical Australia, it has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant for its antifever, laxative, anthelmintic properties and for migraine treatment. In this paper, we examined the effects of Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. ethanol extract (Tt-ME) in vitro and in vivo. To confirm the effects of Tt-ME on inflammatory responses, we conducted experimental analyses including level of nitric oxide (NO) production, RT-PCR, and immunoblotting and using a HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis animal model. Tt-ME attenuated the release of NO and decreased mRNA levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Tt-ME time-dependently suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunits p50 and p65, activator protein (AP-1) subunits c-Fos and c-Jun, and STAT3 transcriptional activity by inhibiting nuclear translocation of p50, p65, c-Fos, c-Jun, and STAT3. Tt-ME significantly downregulated NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK2 signaling by targeting Syk, Src, and IRAK1 protein kinases. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and cell migration were observed to be downregulated by Tt-ME in LPS-activated macrophages. In vivo studies on Tt-ME also produced similar trends in Hcl/EtOH-induced gastritis mouse models by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines and the inflammatory signaling pathway. Our results strongly suggest that Tt-ME exerted anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages and mouse models of acute inflammatory disease.
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Boronat A, Mateus J, Soldevila-Domenech N, Guerra M, Rodríguez-Morató J, Varon C, Muñoz D, Barbosa F, Morales JC, Gaedigk A, Langohr K, Covas MI, Pérez-Mañá C, Fitó M, Tyndale RF, de la Torre R. Cardiovascular benefits of tyrosol and its endogenous conversion into hydroxytyrosol in humans. A randomized, controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:471-481. [PMID: 31479717 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The simple phenol hydroxytyrosol (OHTyr) has been associated with the beneficial health effects of extra virgin olive oil. Pre-clinical studies have identified Tyr hydroxylation, mediated by cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2A6 and CYP2D6, as an additional source of OHTyr. AIM We aimed to (i) confirm Tyr to OHTyr bioconversion in vivo in humans, (ii) assess the cardiovascular benefits of this bioconversion, and (iii) determine their interaction with a polygenic activity score (PAS) from CYP2A6 and CYP2D6 genotypes. METHODS Randomized, crossover, controlled study. Individuals at cardiovascular risk (n = 33) received: white wine (WW) (females 1, males 2 standard drinks/day), WW plus Tyr capsules (WW + Tyr) (25 mg Tyr capsule, one per WW drink), and water (control) ad libitum. Participants were classified by a PAS as low versus normal activity metabolizers. RESULTS OHTyr recovery following WW + Tyr was higher than after other interventions (P < 0.05). Low PAS individuals had lower OHTyr/Tyr ratios compared to individuals with normal PAS. WW + Tyr improved endothelial function, increased plasma HDL-cholesterol and antithrombin IIII, and decreased plasma homocysteine, endothelin 1, and CD40L, P65/RELA, and CFH gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p < 0.05). Combining Tyr capsule(s) with WW abolished the increase in iNOS, eNOS, VEGFA, and CHF expressions promoted by WW (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tyr, and its partial biotransformation into OHTyr, promoted cardiovascular health-related benefits in humans after dietary doses of Tyr. The study design allowed the health effects of individual phenols to be singled out from the dietary matrix in which they are naturally found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Mateus
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Guerra
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Varon
- Department of Pharmacy, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig de Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francina Barbosa
- CAP Barceloneta, Parc Sanitari Rovira Virgili, Passeig Marítim, 25 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Morales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento 17, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Andreas Gaedigk
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; NUPROAS Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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