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Cadena-Iñiguez J, Santiago-Osorio E, Sánchez-Flores N, Salazar-Aguilar S, Soto-Hernández RM, Riviello-Flores MDLL, Macías-Zaragoza VM, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I. The Cancer-Protective Potential of Protocatechuic Acid: A Narrative Review. Molecules 2024; 29:1439. [PMID: 38611719 PMCID: PMC11012759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, making the search for alternatives for its control a critical issue. In this context, exploring alternatives from natural sources, such as certain vegetables containing a variety of secondary metabolites with beneficial effects on the body and that play a crucial role in the fight against cancer, is essential. Among the compounds with the greatest efficacy in controlling this disease, those with antioxidant activity, particularly phenolic com-pounds, stand out. A remarkable example of this group is protocatechuic acid (PCA), which has been the subject of various revealing research on its activities in different areas. These studies sustain that protocatechuic acid has anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antiviral, antifibrogenic, antiallergic, neuroprotective, antibacterial, anticancer, antiosteoporotic, anti-aging, and analgesic properties, in addition to offering protection against metabolic syndrome and con-tributing to the preservation of hepatic, renal, and reproductive functionality. Therefore, this paper aims to review the biological activities of PCA, focusing on its anticancer potential and its in-volvement in the control of various molecular pathways involved in tumor development, sup-porting its option as a promising alternative for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cadena-Iñiguez
- Postgraduate College, Campus San Luis Potosí, Salinas de Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí 78622, Mexico;
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (E.S.-O.); (N.S.-F.)
| | - Nancy Sánchez-Flores
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (E.S.-O.); (N.S.-F.)
| | - Sandra Salazar-Aguilar
- Specialized Equipment Laboratory, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
| | - Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández
- Postgraduate College, Campus Montecillo, Km. 36.5, Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (R.M.S.-H.); (M.d.l.L.R.-F.)
| | - María de la Luz Riviello-Flores
- Postgraduate College, Campus Montecillo, Km. 36.5, Carretera México-Texcoco, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (R.M.S.-H.); (M.d.l.L.R.-F.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Macías-Zaragoza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Higher Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Guelatao 66, Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
| | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, Faculty of High Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (E.S.-O.); (N.S.-F.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Higher Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Guelatao 66, Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
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Zhang J, Chen X, Han L, Ma B, Tian M, Bai C, Zhang Y. Research Progress in Traditional Applications, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Safety Evaluation of Cynomorium songaricum. Molecules 2024; 29:941. [PMID: 38474452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. (CSR) belongs to the family Cynomoriaceae. It is a perennial succulent parasitic herb with a reddish-brown coloration, predominantly submerged in sand and lacking chlorophyll. Traditionally, it has been used in ethnic medicine to treat various diseases, such as gastric ulcers, indigestion, bowel movements, and improving sexual function. To comprehensively collect CSR data, extensive literature searches were conducted using medical, ecological, and scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). This article summarizes and categorizes research on the uses, phytochemical characteristics, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of ethnic medicine, with the aim of establishing a solid foundation and proposing new avenues for exploring and developing potential applications of CSR. So far, a total of 98 compounds have been isolated and identified from CSR, including flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, and other compounds. It is worth noting that flavonoids and polysaccharides have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, these compounds also show good application prospects in anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-diabetes, and other aspects. Although extensive progress has been made in the basic research of CSR, further research is still needed to enhance the understanding of its mechanism of action and explore more unknown compounds. Our review indicates that CSR has broad prospects and deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xingyi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Biao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Mengting Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Changcai Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
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Yang T, Yuan J, Peng Y, Pang J, Qiu Z, Chen S, Huang Y, Jiang Z, Fan Y, Liu J, Wang T, Zhou X, Qian S, Song J, Xu Y, Lu Q, Yin X. Metformin: A promising clinical therapeutical approach for BPH treatment via inhibiting dysregulated steroid hormones-induced prostatic epithelial cells proliferation. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:52-68. [PMID: 38352949 PMCID: PMC10859540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) was related to disrupted sex steroid hormones, and metformin (Met) had a clinical response to sex steroid hormone-related gynaecological disease. However, whether Met exerts an antiproliferative effect on BPH via sex steroid hormones remains unclear. Here, our clinical study showed that along with prostatic epithelial cell (PEC) proliferation, sex steroid hormones were dysregulated in the serum and prostate of BPH patients. As the major contributor to dysregulated sex steroid hormones, elevated dihydrotestosterone (DHT) had a significant positive relationship with the clinical characteristics of BPH patients. Activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by Met restored dysregulated sex steroid hormone homeostasis and exerted antiproliferative effects against DHT-induced proliferation by inhibiting the formation of androgen receptor (AR)-mediated Yes-associated protein (YAP1)-TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD4) heterodimers. Met's anti-proliferative effects were blocked by AMPK inhibitor or YAP1 overexpression in DHT-cultured BPH-1 cells. Our findings indicated that Met would be a promising clinical therapeutic approach for BPH by inhibiting dysregulated steroid hormone-induced PEC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Jiayu Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Yuting Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Jiale Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Shangxiu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222061, China
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yilin Fan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Sitong Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Jinfang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222061, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
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Liu Y, Shao R, Suo T, Zhu J, Liu E, Wang Y, Miao L, Gao X. Traditional Chinese Medicine Danzhi qing'e decoction inhibits inflammation-associated prostatic hyperplasia via inactivation of ERK1/2 signal pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116354. [PMID: 36906158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inflammation plays a critical role during benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) development. Danzhi qing'e (DZQE) decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used for estrogen and androgen-related diseases. However, its effect on inflammation-related BPH remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of DZQE on inhibition of inflammation-related BPH, and further identify the possible mechanism involved. METHODS AND MATERIALS Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP)-induced BPH was established and then 2.7 g/kg of DZQE was administrated orally for 4 weeks. The prostate sizes, weights and prostate index (PI) values were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) was performed for pathological analyses. Macrophage infiltrate was evaluated by Immunohistochemical (IHC). The inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by Rt-PCR and ELISA methods. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was examined by Western blot. The expression differences of mRNA expressions between EAP-induced and oestrogen/testosterone (E2/T)-induced BPH was investigated by RNA sequencing analyses. In vitro, human prostatic epithelial BPH-1 cells were stimulated with the conditioned medium from monocyte THP-1-derived M2 macrophages (M2CM), followed by treatment of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), Bakuchiol (Ba), ERK1/2 antagonist PD98059 or ERK1/2 agonist C6-Ceramide. The ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation were then detected by Western blotting and CCK8 assay. RESULTS DZQE significantly inhibited the prostate enlargement and decreased PI value in EAP rats. Pathological analysis showed that DZQE alleviated prostate acinar epithelial cell proliferation by decreasing and reduction of CD68+ and CD206+ macrophage infiltration in the prostate. The levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, MCP-1, TGF-β, and IgG in EAP rats' prostate or serum were significantly suppressed by DZQE as well. Moreover, mRNA sequencing data showed that the expressions of inflammation-related genes were elevated in EAP-induced BPH but not in E2/T-induced BPH. ERK1/2-related genes expression has been found in both E2/T and EAP-induced BPH. ERK1/2 is one of the core signal pathways involved in EAP-induced BPH, which was activated in EAP group but inactivated in DZQE group. In vitro, two active components of DZQE Tan IIA and Ba inhibited M2CM-induced BPH-1 cell proliferation, similarly to ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 did. Meanwhile, Tan IIA and Ba inhibited M2CM-induced ERK1/2 signal activation in BPH-1 cells. When re-activated the ERK1/2 by its activator C6-Ceramide, the inhibitory effects of Tan IIA and Ba on BPH-1 cell proliferation were blocked. CONCLUSION DZQE suppressed inflammation-associated BPH via regulation of ERK1/2 signal by Tan IIA and Ba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Rui Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tongchuan Suo
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Erwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Olayoku FR, Verhoog NJD, Louw A. Cyclopia extracts act as selective estrogen receptor subtype downregulators in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell lines: Comparison to standard of care breast cancer endocrine therapies and a selective estrogen receptor agonist and antagonist. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1122031. [PMID: 36992834 PMCID: PMC10040842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1122031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer amongst women in economically developing countries and globally. Most breast cancers express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and are categorized as positive (ER+) breast cancer. Endocrine therapies such as, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), aromatase inhibitors (AIs), and selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) are used to treat ER+ breast cancer. However, despite their effectiveness, severe side-effects and resistance are associated with these endocrine therapies. Thus, it would be highly beneficial to develop breast cancer drugs that are as effective as current therapies, but less toxic with fewer side effects, and less likely to induce resistance. Extracts of Cyclopia species, an indigenous South African fynbos plant, have been shown to possess phenolic compounds that exhibit phytoestrogenic and chemopreventive activities against breast cancer development and progression. In the current study, three well characterized Cyclopia extracts, SM6Met, cup of tea (CoT) and P104, were examined for their abilities to modulate the levels of the estrogen receptor subtypes, estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), which have been recognized as crucial to breast cancer prognosis and treatment. We showed that the Cyclopia subternata Vogel (C. subternata Vogel) extracts, SM6Met and cup of tea, but not the C. genistoides extract, P104, reduced estrogen receptor alpha protein levels while elevating estrogen receptor beta protein levels, thereby reducing the ERα:ERβ ratio in a similar manner as standard of care breast cancer endocrine therapies such as fulvestrant (selective estrogen receptor downregulator) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (elective estrogen receptor modulator). Estrogen receptor alpha expression enhances the proliferation of breast cancer cells while estrogen receptor beta inhibits the proliferative activities of estrogen receptor alpha. We also showed that in terms of the molecular mechanisms involved all the Cyclopia extracts regulated estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta protein levels through both transcriptional and translational, and proteasomal degradation mechanisms. Therefore, from our findings, we proffer that the C. subternata Vogel extracts, SM6Met and cup of tea, but not the C. genistoides extract, P104, selectively modulate estrogen receptor subtypes levels in a manner that generally supports inhibition of breast cancer proliferation, thereby demonstrating attributes that could be explored as potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer.
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Ruksiriwanich W, Khantham C, Muangsanguan A, Phimolsiripol Y, Barba FJ, Sringarm K, Rachtanapun P, Jantanasakulwong K, Jantrawut P, Chittasupho C, Chutoprapat R, Boonpisuttinant K, Sommano SR. Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) Leaf Extract as Bioactive Substances for Anti-Androgen and Antioxidant Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11243514. [PMID: 36559626 PMCID: PMC9784754 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of guava (Psidium guajava L.) have been used in Thai folk medicine without any supporting evidence as a traditional herbal remedy for hair loss. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is chronic hair loss caused by effects of androgens in those with a genetic predisposition, resulting in hair follicle miniaturization. Our objectives were to provide the mechanistic assessment of guava leaf extract on gene expressions related to the androgen pathway in well-known in vitro models, hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC), and human prostate cancer cells (DU-145), and to determine its bioactive constituents and antioxidant activities. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that the main components of the ethanolic extract of guava leaves are phenolic substances, specifically catechin, gallic acid, and quercetin, which contribute to its scavenging and metal chelating abilities. The guava leaf extract substantially downregulated SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and SRD5A3 genes in the DU-145 model, suggesting that the extract could minimize hair loss by inhibiting the synthesis of a potent androgen (dihydrotestosterone). SRD5A suppression by gallic acid and quercetin was verified. Our study reveals new perspectives on guava leaf extract's anti-androgen properties. This extract could be developed as alternative products or therapeutic adjuvants for the treatment of AGA and other androgen-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Chiranan Khantham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anurak Muangsanguan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Romchat Chutoprapat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdoms (INPTW), Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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You J, Woo J, Roh KB, Ryu D, Jang Y, Cho E, Park D, Jung E. Assessment of the anti-hair loss potential of Camellia japonica fruit shell extract in vitro. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 45:155-165. [PMID: 36411959 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hair loss is caused by various factors. Impacts of these factors are often overlapped and intensified. Currently, mitigation of hair loss is being studied by proliferating dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and inhibiting deleterious factors such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oxidative stress on hair growth. Camellia japonica (C. japonica) fruit shell is a discarded part. Its biological activity remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the capacity of C. japonica fruit shell extract (CJFSE) for hair loss mitigation. METHODS MTT assay, spheroid culture and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to observe the proliferative effect of CJFSE on hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs). Effects of CJFSE on DHT-induced hair loss were confirmed by Dkk-1 ELISA, β-galactosidase (β-gal) and 5α-reductase activity assay. In addition, effects of CJFSE on oxidative stress were confirmed through DPPH and ROS production assays. RESULTS CJFSE increased the proliferation and spheroid size of HFDPCs. Expression levels of VEGF-A, Wnt-1, c-Myc and Cyclin D1 were upregulated by CJFSE. CJFSE also suppressed 5α-reductase activity and DHT-induced decrease in cell proliferation, Dkk-1 secretion and β-gal activity. Moreover, CJFSE showed DPPH scavenging activity and ameliorated hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS production and β-gal activity. Finally, gallic acid and protocatechuic acid were observed in CJFSE through HPLC analysis. CONCLUSION CJFSE has the potential to alleviate hair loss by promoting hair cell growth and suppressing effects of DHT and oxidative stress on hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung You
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin-si, Korea
| | - Jieun Woo
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin-si, Korea
| | | | - Dehun Ryu
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin-si, Korea
| | - Youngsu Jang
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin-si, Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin-si, Korea
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin-si, Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin-si, Korea
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Ma FP, Yu L, Yang Y, Li DX, Shen CY, Zhao XS, Luo Q. Glycoside constituents with various antioxidant effects from fresh Cynomorium songaricum. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:784-793. [PMID: 34592866 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1978429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. (CSR), an edible and medicinal material, is widely cultivated in desert regions of Eastern and Western Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Ten glycoside constituents 1-10 including one new songaricumone A (1) were isolated from the fresh C. songaricum. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive NMR data analysis. Further, various antioxidant effects of isolated compounds (1-3 and 5-10) were comprehensively and comparatively investigated. In conclusion, it is obvious that different glycosides vary significantly toward different sources of free radicals, which are attributed to different aglycones and substituted positions of sugar unit in structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fo-Pei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - De-Xian Li
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chun-Yan Shen
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Zhao
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincal Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Tao R, Liu E, Zhao X, Han L, Yu B, Mao H, Yang W, Gao X. Combination of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus with Ecliptae Herba and their phytoestrogen or phytoandrogen like active pharmaceutical ingredients alleviate oestrogen/testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia through regulating steroid 5-α-reductase. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154169. [PMID: 35636178 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a urinary system disease with high prevalence among the middle and elder men. In BPH, proliferation of prostate cells and the imbanlance between androgen and estrogen are both important inducers. Previous studies have demonstrated that compounds from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) and Ecliptae Herba (EH) are of phytoestrogenic or phytoandrogenic activities. The combination of LLF with EH at the ratio of 1:1 on crude drugs quantity is called Erzhi formula (EZF), which is used for in vivo research of our study. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate potential mechanisms of EZF and its active pharmaceutical ingredients on BPH in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Therapeutic effects of EZF was evaluated in E2/testosterone (1:100) induced BPH rats model. The pathological changes of prostate, concentrations of testosterone, DHT, E2, PSA in rats' plasma and prostate were detected. The expressions of PCNA, AR, ERα, ERβ, SRD5A1, SRD5A2 were measured in BPH rat prostates and E2-stimulated human benign prostatic epithelial cells (BPH-1). RESULTS EZF treatment significantly attenuated rat prostate enlargement, alleviated BPH pathological features, and decreased the expression of PCNA. The up-regulation of AR, ERα, SRD5A1/2 expressions, and down-regulation of ERβ expression at prostate of rat BPH model were significantly blocked by EZF administration. The expression levels of testosterone, DHT, E2, PSA were strongly inhibited by EZF treatment. At the cellular level, ligustrosidic acid and echinocystic acid inhibited E2-induced BPH-1 cell proliferation and PCNA expressions, which were consistent with the results in vivo. And these two ingredients also down-regulated the expressions of AR, ERα, SRD5A1/2 and up-regulated the expression of ERβ in BPH-1 cells. CONCLUSION EZF, ligustrosidic acid from LLF and echinocystic acid from EH showed inhibitive effects on BPH via down-regulating prostatic AR, ERα, SRD5A1/2 expressions and up-regulating ERβ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Erwei Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoping Mao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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10
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Hu X, Li X, Deng P, Zhang Y, Liu R, Cai D, Xu Q, Jiang X, Sun J, Bai W. The consequence and mechanism of dietary flavonoids on androgen profiles and disorders amelioration. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11327-11350. [PMID: 35796699 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Androgen is a kind of steroid hormone that plays a vital role in reproductive system and homeostasis of the body. Disrupted androgen balance serves as the causal contributor to a series of physiological disorders and even diseases. Flavonoids, as an extremely frequent family of natural polyphenols, exist widely in plants and foods and have received great attention when considering their inevitable consumption and estrogen-like effects. Mounting evidence illustrates that flavonoids have a propensity to interfere with androgen synthesis and metabolism, and also have a designated improvement effect on androgen disorders. Therefore, flavonoids were divided into six subclasses based on the structural feature in this paper, and the literature about their effects on androgens published in the past ten years was summarized. It could be concluded that flavonoids have the potential to regulate androgen levels and biological effects, mainly by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, androgen synthesis and metabolism, androgen binding with its receptors and membrane receptors, and antioxidant effects. The faced challenges about androgen regulation by flavonoids masterly include target mechanism exploration, individual heterogeneity, food matrixes interaction, and lack of clinical study. This review also provides a scientific basis for nutritional intervention using flavonoids to improve androgen disorder symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pan Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruijing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Based Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dongbao Cai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qingjie Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Zhang S, Gai Z, Gui T, Chen J, Chen Q, Li Y. Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid and Protocatechuic Aldehyde: Old Wine in a New Bottle. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6139308. [PMID: 34790246 PMCID: PMC8592717 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6139308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are naturally present as secondary metabolites in plant-based sources such as fruits, vegetables, and spices. They have received considerable attention for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties for protection against many chronic disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. They are categorized into various groups based on their chemical structure and include phenolic acids, flavonoids, curcumins, tannins, and quinolones. Their structural variations contribute to their specific beneficial effects on human health. The antioxidant property of phenolic compounds protects against oxidative stress by up-regulation of endogenous antioxidants, scavenging free radicals, and anti-apoptotic activity. Protocatechuic acid (PCA; 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL; 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) are naturally occurring polyphenols found in vegetables, fruits, and herbs. PCA and PAL are the primary metabolites of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, which have been shown to possess pharmacological actions including antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of PCA and PAL by comprehensively summarizing their pharmacological properties reported to date, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Juanli Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- The Third Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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12
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Xing Y, Yan Z, Li Y, Teka T, Pan G, Dou Z, Gao X, He J, Han L. An effective strategy for distinguishing the processing degree of Polygonum multiflorum based on the analysis of substance and taste by LC-MS, ICP-OES and electronic tongue. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114328. [PMID: 34418675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of raw and processed products of Polygonum multiflorum (PM) varies greatly. "Nine cycles of steaming and sunning" (NCSS) is recognized as an effective technology in enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity for PM. In this paper, PM was prepared differently into three groups (including group R, M, and "9"), which represent raw PM, PM processed using the method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) and PM processed using traditional NCSS, respectively. The purpose is to establish an effective method to distinguish raw PM from different processed products and highlight the rationality of processing technology. The main organic compounds that could distinguish these three groups of samples were identified by in-depth mining of mass spectral information and various chemometric methods. Level of related metal cations have been quantified and used as another important distinguishing markers. The electronic tongue was utilized to determine the taste traits of aqueous extract from PM. Furthermore, the material basis that caused the difference in taste was discovered according to correlation analysis. In detail, saltiness has the most important contribution associated with the concentrations of K+ and Na+, however, bitterness and astringency were mainly associated with the contents of epicatechin gallate, catechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2 and epicatechin. This study proposed a novel and effective strategy for identification of processing technology of PM. It lays the foundation for clarifying the modern scientific recommendations of processing technology to PM. On the other hand, it also provides a reference for related researches on other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Zhe Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Jincheng Street 68, East Lake Hi-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Yuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Tekleab Teka
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300250, PR China
| | - Zhiying Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jing He
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Jincheng Street 68, East Lake Hi-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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13
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Kim HJ, Jin BR, An HJ. Umbelliferone Ameliorates Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Inhibiting Cell Proliferation and G1/S Phase Cell Cycle Progression through Regulation of STAT3/E2F1 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9019. [PMID: 34445725 PMCID: PMC8396462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbelliferone (UMB), also known as 7-hydroxycoumarin, is a derivative of coumarin, which is widely found in many plants such as carrots, coriander, and garden angelica. Although many studies have already revealed the various pharmacological properties of UMB, its effect on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the anti-proliferative effect of UMB in a human benign prostatic hyperplasia cell line (BPH-1), as well as its ameliorative effect on BPH in testosterone propionate (TP)-induced rats. The results showed that UMB exerts an anti-proliferative effect in BPH-1 cells by modulating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) axis. UMB treatment not only inhibited androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling-related markers, but also downregulated the overexpression of G1/S phase cell cycle-related markers. In TP-induced rats, UMB administration demonstrated an anti-BPH effect by significantly reducing prostate size, weight, and epithelial thickness. In addition, UMB suppressed cell proliferation by reducing the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p-STAT3 (Tyr 705) in prostate tissue following TP injection. These findings suggest that UMB has pharmacological effects against BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sang-ji University, Wonju-si 26339, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (B.-R.J.)
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14
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Zheng Y, Sun X, Miao Y, Qin S, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Huang L. A systematic study on the chemical diversity and efficacy of the inflorescence and succulent stem of Cynomorium songaricum. Food Funct 2021; 12:7501-7513. [PMID: 34223597 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cynomorium songaricum is a medicinal, edible, and endangered plant species. Since inflorescences are not considered medicinal parts, their discard causes a waste of resources. To expand the medicinal uses of C. songaricum, we evaluated their chemistry and pharmacology by applying widely targeted metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Widely targeted metabolomics results indicated chemical diversity in C. songaricum with 599 compounds. Among them, 280 compounds were different between the succulent stem and inflorescence. With 218 upregulated compounds, inflorescence has more abundant compounds than the succulent stem, especially pigment compounds such as flavonols, flavones, and flavanones. Moreover, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin were unique compounds in the inflorescence and succulent stem, respectively. Sixty-five compounds in inflorescence and 18 compounds in succulent stems were found to be associated with atherosclerosis in the network pharmacology analysis. Tests revealed that inflorescence had a stronger anti-atherosclerotic effect than succulent stems. Molecular docking analysis revealed that 30 compounds (29 pigment compounds) in inflorescence and 6 compounds (4 pigment compounds) in succulent stem showed strong binding affinities with three target proteins, namely ALB, MPO, and NOS2, especially amentoflavone, quercetin 7-O-rutinoside, and luteolin 7-O-glucoside (cynaroside). Results demonstrated that the inflorescence is rich in pigment compounds and has a potential anti-atherosclerosis effect. This study provides novel methods and ideas for the sustainable development of endangered medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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15
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Wang X, Zhu J, Yan H, Shi M, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Miao L, Gao X. Kaempferol inhibits benign prostatic hyperplasia by resisting the action of androgen. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174251. [PMID: 34129879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a natural compound that inhibits tumor development in androgenic related prostate cancer. However, it is still not clear about its phyto-androgenic activity and whether it suppresses testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) development. In this study, molecular docking, cellular immunofluorescence staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assay were performed to investigate the androgenic activity of kaempferol. Dihydrotestosterone-induced gene expression and cell proliferation were further analyzed upon treatment with kaempferol. Testosterone-induced BPH was established in rats and the effect and mechanism of action of kaempferol on BPH development was then assessed. Docking data showed that kaempferol could bind to ASN705 and THR877 residues of androgen receptor which were also the binding sites of dihydrotestosterone. The nuclear translocation of androgen receptor was promoted directly by kaempferol in androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells. In addition, the in vivo interaction of androgen receptor with PSA promoter region and the transcriptional activity of androgen receptor were both significantly enhanced after kaempferol stimulation. However, kaempferol pretreatment suppressed dihydrotestosterone-induced effects including the transcriptional activity of androgen receptor, the expressions of PSA and AR genes and cell proliferation of LNCaP, BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells. Consistently, kaempferol declined the prostate index and improved the pathological properties in BPH rats, and the up-regulated T level in serum from BPH rats was highly decreased after kaempferol administration. Kaempferol exhibited its androgenic-like activity and served as a selective androgen receptor modulator that contributes to androgen-related BPH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qiaoqi Zheng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China; Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed By the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of TCM, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China; Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed By the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of TCM, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China; Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed By the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of TCM, Poyang Lake Road 10, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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16
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Resveratrol Attenuates the Proliferation of Prostatic Stromal Cells in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Regulating Cell Cycle Progression, Apoptosis, Signaling Pathways, BPH Markers, and NF- κB Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115969. [PMID: 34073143 PMCID: PMC8199399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol can inhibit cell proliferation and metastasis and induce apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of action through which resveratrol inhibits the abnormal proliferation of prostate stromal cells, causing prostatic hyperplasia, have not been fully elucidated. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on cell proliferation associated with prostatic hyperplasia using WPMY-1 cells. Our results showed that resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of WPMY-1 cells via the induction of G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest, which was caused by downregulated expression of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases regulated by increased p21WAF1 and p27KIP1 expression level. In addition, resveratrol treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. The expression levels of molecular markers affecting prostate development were also reduced by treatment with resveratrol. Finally, resveratrol attenuated the binding activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB in WPMY-1 cells, and accelerated apoptotic cell death via intrinsic cascade pathway. These results indicate that resveratrol may be useful for the prevention or treatment of prostatic hyperplasia.
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Echeverria V, Echeverria F, Barreto GE, Echeverría J, Mendoza C. Estrogenic Plants: to Prevent Neurodegeneration and Memory Loss and Other Symptoms in Women After Menopause. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644103. [PMID: 34093183 PMCID: PMC8172769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sexual hormones such as estrogens play an essential role in maintaining brain homeostasis and function. Estrogen deficit in the brain induces many undesirable symptoms such as learning and memory impairment, sleep and mood disorders, hot flushes, and fatigue. These symptoms are frequent in women who reached menopausal age or have had ovariectomy and in men and women subjected to anti-estrogen therapy. Hormone replacement therapy alleviates menopause symptoms; however, it can increase cardiovascular and cancer diseases. In the search for therapeutic alternatives, medicinal plants and specific synthetic and natural molecules with estrogenic effects have attracted widespread attention between the public and the scientific community. Various plants have been used for centuries to alleviate menstrual and menopause symptoms, such as Cranberry, Ginger, Hops, Milk Thistle, Red clover, Salvia officinalis, Soy, Black cohosh, Turnera diffusa, Ushuva, and Vitex. This review aims to highlight current evidence about estrogenic medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects on cognitive deficits induced by estrogen deficiency during menopause and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile.,Research and Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, Unites States
| | | | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile
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18
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Lipidomics characterization of the mechanism of Cynomorium songaricum polysaccharide on treating type 2 diabetes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1176:122737. [PMID: 34052560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. polysaccharide (CSP) has been examined for its effects on glucose regulation, its underlying mechanism is still unclear. To address this issue, a MS-based lipidomics strategy was developed to gain a system-level understanding of the mechanism of CSP on improving type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). UPLC-QTOF/MS and multivariate statistical tools were used to identify the alteration of serum metabolites associated with T2DM and responses to CSP treatment. As a result, 35 potential biomarkers were found and identified in serum, amongst which 26 metabolites were regulated to normal like levels after the administration of CSP. By analyzing the metabolic pathways, glycerophospholipid metabolism was suggested to be closely involved. These results indicated that the intake of CSP exhibited promising anti-diabetic activity, largely due to the regulation of phospholipid metabolism, including phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatydylcholines, phosphtatidylethanolamines and sphingomyelins.
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Pharmacological Effects and Potential Clinical Usefulness of Polyphenols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020450. [PMID: 33467066 PMCID: PMC7829696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is arguably the most common benign disease among men. This disease is often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and significantly decreases the quality of life. Polyphenol consumption reportedly plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases, including BPH. In recent years, in addition to disease prevention, many studies have reported the efficacy and safety of polyphenol treatment against various pathological conditions in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, numerous studies have also revealed the molecular mechanisms of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols. We believe that an improved understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of polyphenol-induced activities at a molecular level is important for the prevention and treatment of BPH. Polyphenols are composed of many members, and their biological roles differ. In this review, we first provide information regarding the pathological roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in BPH. Next, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols, including those of flavonoids and non-flavonoids, are discussed. Finally, we talk about the results and limitations of previous clinical trials that have used polyphenols in BPH, with particular focus on their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Song J, He Y, Luo C, Feng B, Ran F, Xu H, Ci Z, Xu R, Han L, Zhang D. New progress in the pharmacology of protocatechuic acid: A compound ingested in daily foods and herbs frequently and heavily. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105109. [PMID: 32738494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid is a natural phenolic acid, which widely exists in our daily diet and herbs. It is also one of the main metabolites of complex polyphenols, such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanins. In recent years, a large number of studies on the pharmacological activities of protocatechuic acid have emerged. Protocatechuic acid has a wide range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antiosteoporotic, analgesia, antiaging activties; protection from metabolic syndrome; and preservation of liver, kidneys, and reproductive functions. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the absorption and elimination rate of protocatechuic acid are faster, with glucuronidation and sulfation being the major metabolic pathways. However, protocatechuic acid displays a dual-directional regulatory effect on some pharmacological activities. When the concentration is very high, it can inhibit cell proliferation and reduce survival rate. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of protocatechuic acid with emphasis on its pharmacological activities discovered in recent 5 years, so as to provide more up-to-date and thorough information for the preclinical and clinical research of protocatechuic acid in the future. Moreover, it is hoped that the clinical application of protocatechuic acid can be broadened, giving full play to its characteristics of rich sources, low toxicity and wide pharmacological activites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Song
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yanan He
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Bi Feng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Fei Ran
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Chengdu Yongkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhimin Ci
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Runchun Xu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Pharmacological Modulation of Steroid Activity in Hormone-Dependent Breast and Prostate Cancers: Effect of Some Plant Extract Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103690. [PMID: 32456259 PMCID: PMC7279356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The great majority of breast and prostate tumors are hormone-dependent cancers; hence, estrogens and androgens can, respectively, drive their developments, making it possible to use pharmacological therapies in their hormone-dependent phases by targeting the levels of steroid or modulating their physiological activity through their respective nuclear receptors when the tumors relapse. Unfortunately, at some stage, both breast and prostate cancers become resistant to pharmacological treatments that aim to block their receptors, estrogen (ER) or androgen (AR) receptors, respectively. So far, antiestrogens and antiandrogens used in clinics have been designed based on their structural analogies with natural hormones, 17-β estradiol and dihydrotestosterone. Plants are a potential source of drug discovery and the development of new pharmacological compounds. The aim of this review article is to highlight the recent advances in the pharmacological modulation of androgen or estrogen levels, and their activity through their cognate nuclear receptors in prostate or breast cancer and the effects of some plants extracts.
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Cheng C, Shen F, Ding G, Liu A, Chu S, Ma Y, Hou X, Hao E, Wang X, Hou Y, Bai G. Lepidiline A Improves the Balance of Endogenous Sex Hormones and Increases Fecundity by Targeting HSD17B1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900706. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai University Tianjin 300353 China
| | - Fukui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai University Tianjin 300353 China
| | - Guoyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai University Tianjin 300353 China
| | - Aina Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai University Tianjin 300353 China
| | - Simeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai University Tianjin 300353 China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai University Tianjin 300353 China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients from Agricultural ResiduesGuangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia MedicaGuangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200 China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients from Agricultural ResiduesGuangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia MedicaGuangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200 China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193 China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai University Tianjin 300353 China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug ResearchNankai University Tianjin 300353 China
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Bakuchiol suppresses oestrogen/testosterone-induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia development through up-regulation of epithelial estrogen receptor β and down-regulation of stromal aromatase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 381:114637. [PMID: 31238046 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens and androgens play critical roles during benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) development. Estrogen receptors (ERs), androgen receptor (AR) and aromatase, the key conversion enzyme of androgen to estrogen, are thought to be the effective targets for BPH treatment. Bakuchiol (Ba)-containing herb Psoralea corylifolia has been long-termed used for BPH patients in traditional Chinese medicine while the role and regulatory mechanism of Ba involved remain unclear. Human prostatic cell lines WPMY-1 and BPH-1 and oestrodial/testosterone-induced BPH rats were used as the in vitro and in vivo models. Ba significantly inhibited the proliferation of WPMY-1 and BPH-1 cells. In E2/T-induced BPH model, Ba treatment also significantly inhibited the enlargement of prostate, decreased PI values, reduced the thickness of periglanular smooth muscle layer, and down-regulated the expressions of PCNA and smooth muscle cell marker α-SMA, all of which were highly induced in BPH rats. Moreover, the basal and PGE2-induced expressions of aromatase were reduced in Ba-stimulated WPMY-1 cells, while the expression of ERβ was highly increased in Ba-stimulated BPH-1 cells, both of which are consistent with the findings in Ba group in vivo. Ba induced ERE activity in BPH-1 cells as E2 did; however, silence of ERβ not ERα, blocked Ba-induced ERE activity while E2 still exhibited the significant ERE activity, indicating the regulation of estrogen signaling by Ba is particularly via ERβ. In conclusion, by down-regulation of stromal aromatase and up-regulation of epithelial ERβ, Ba contributes to the balance of estrogen and androgen signaling and further inhibits BPH development.
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Cynomorium songaricum Extract Alleviates Memory Impairment through Increasing CREB/BDNF via Suppression of p38MAPK/ERK Pathway in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9689325. [PMID: 31239867 PMCID: PMC6556289 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9689325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cynomorium songaricum Rupr is a very important traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying the kidney, which has a significant effect on improving estrogen level on the long term. In many studies, it can improve the learning and memory function of ovariectomized (OVX) model animals. 10 of the 50 rats received only bilateral back surgery and were harvested with the same amount of fat as the ovaries without removing the ovaries as sham group; remains underwent bilateral ovariectomy and equally randomized into five groups: sham group, with OVX as model group, estradiol valerate (EV, 0.2 mg/kg) as positive control, with 3.3 and 33 mg/kg body weight/day of ethyl acetate extract of Cynomorium songaricum extract (CSE) as low and high dosage groups, respectively. The orally administered CSE to ovariectomized rats exerted an ameliorative effect on learning and memory in the Morris water maze tests. All rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment, and tissue was analyzed using histopathology and electron microscopy. To comprehensively examine the mechanism, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), p-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK), and p-cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB) were detected by Western blotting. Using histopathology and electron microscopy, it was clearly observed that the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 area were reduced in the OVX groups, indicating that CSE could attenuate the loss of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 and revert the synaptic morphological variations produced by ovariectomy. Mechanistically, the expressions of p-p38MAPK and p-ERK levels were significantly downregulated by CSE intervention, whereas the BDNF and p-CREB were significantly upregulated by CSE as compared to the control. Concisely, Cynomorium songaricum Rupr exhibited potential therapeutic effect on Neuroprotection of ovariectomized rats, and its effect was possibly exerted by p-CREB/BDNF mediated down regulation of ERK/p38MAPK.
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