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Chen Y, Wang R, Li X, Wang Z, Cao B, Du J, Deng T, Han J, Yang M. Progress of research on the treatment of depression by traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34970. [PMID: 39157399 PMCID: PMC11328063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder that belongs to the category of "Depression Syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and its etiology and pathogenesis are complex and unclear. It is characterized by high prevalence, high disability rate, and high recurrence rate, which seriously affect human health, and its treatment has become a research hotspot worldwide. At present, the antidepressants commonly used in the clinic are mainly Western medicine (WM), but there are problems such as frequent side effects and poor efficacy. Studies have found that the use of TCM prescriptions in the treatment of depression can achieve the same effect as WM; and when TCM prescriptions are combined with WM, the efficacy can be enhanced while the adverse effects of WM can be reduced. Pharmacological studies related to the treatment of depression with traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions (TCMPs) have focused on the neurobiochemical system, gut microbes, and energy metabolism in mitochondria. No one has yet reviewed the pharmacological mechanism of TCMPs for depression. So, this paper reviews the pharmacological mechanism of TCMPs for depression from the perspective of TCMPs, introduces the progress of research on classical TCMPs for depression and their antidepressant mechanism. This article aims to promote the application of TCMPs in the clinic and provide a new therapeutic idea for the clinical treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ruyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Baorui Cao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxin Du
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Meina Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Wan S, Xie X, Yang G, Feng F. Discovery of the toxicity-related quality markers and mechanisms of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction based on Chinmedomics combined with differentially absorbed components and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117408. [PMID: 37972910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction (ZZHPD), as a representative traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of depression, has frequently triggered hepatorenal toxicity in recent years. However, its toxic effect, material basis, and underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the hepatorenal toxicity-material basis-quality markers (Q-markers) and multiple mechanisms of ZZHPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS ZZHPD-induced rat model of toxicity was evaluated by behavioral indicators, biochemical parameters, and histopathological sections. Then, UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS combined with multivariate data analysis was utilized to identify the endogenous differential metabolites and the prototype components of ZZHPD in the plasma. A comprehensive strategy integrating in-house library, diagnostic ions, Compound Discover software, and network databases was constructed to identify the chemical constituents of ZZHPD. Additionally, the differentially absorbed components of ZZHPD were screened out based on the spectrum-effect relationship (toxic state and normal state), feature extraction of exogenous components, and variable influence on projection (VIP). Further, Chinmedomics and network pharmacology oriented by differentially absorbed components were performed to predict toxicity-related Q-markers and core targets, as well as relevant pathways. Finally, the binding ability between components and targets was predicted using molecular docking, and the mRNA expression of core target genes was determined by real-time qPCR experiment. RESULTS ZZHPD exerted significant hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats accompanied by body weight loss, abnormal biochemical indicators, and pathologic characteristics with mild inflammation and cell damage. The results of plasma metabolomics indicated that 22 differential metabolites interfered by ZZHPD mainly involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, pyrimidine and purine metabolism. Firstly, 106 chemical substances of ZZHPD were identified, 44 of them were absorbed into the blood, mainly including 7 iridoid glycosides, 15 flavonoids, 5 lignans, and others. Then, the correlation analysis results suggested that 12 of 19 differentially absorbed constituents were highly correlated with 22 differential metabolites and recognized as potential Q-markers. Finally, 9 toxicity-related Q-markers were predicted and confirmed with better binding ability to 5 core targets (PTGS2, CASP3, TNF, PPARG, HMOX1), including 3 flavonoids (naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin), 2 iridoid glycosides (geniposide and genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside), 2 lignans (honokiol and magnolol), organic acid (chlorogenic acid), and crocin (crocetin). The real-time qPCR results showed that the mRNA levels of CASP3, TNF-α, and PPARG significantly increased in the damaged liver. Combining metabolomics and network pharmacology results, the multiple mechanisms of toxicity might involve in oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways. CONCLUSION Taken together, the toxicity-related Q-markers of ZZHPD screened for the first time in this work were reliable, and the holistic intervention for hepatorenal toxicity further revealed the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway features in TCM. The integrated approach provides a novel perspective for the discovery of toxicity/efficacy-related substances and mechanistic studies in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Gongjun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ye Z, Wang J, Fang F, Wang Y, Liu Z, Shen C, Hu Y. Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction alleviates depressive-like behavior and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic unpredictable mild stress induced mice via activating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117355. [PMID: 37890805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction (ZZHP), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) classic recipe, has been extensively applied for the remedy of depression. However, the underlying mechanism of ZZHP hasn't been fully elucidated and it needs to be further clarified. AIM OF STUDY The aim of the study is to uncover the mechanisms of ZZHP's effect on depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were employed to establish Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) models. Behavioral tests were conducted for evaluating the antidepressant effects of ZZHP. Then, the monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus through High Performance Liquid Chromatography Electrochemical Detection (HPLC-ECD) were utilized to assess the effect of ZZHP on the maintenance of monoamine neurotransmitter homeostasis. Immunofluorescence staining and Golgi staining were detected to analyze the effects of ZZHP on neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. Western Blot (WB) was utilized to examine the effects of ZZHP on BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathways. Finally, behavioral tests, WB and immunofluorescence staining were repeated after TrkB receptor antagonist was added to further confirm the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Our results shown that ZZHP attenuated depressive-like symptoms in CUMS mice. Moreover, ZZHP remarkably reversed the reduction and maintained the homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. Simultaneously, ZZHP protected neuronal synaptic plasticity and promoted hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, ZZHP stimulated the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway in the hippocampus. The addition of TrkB receptor antagonist inhibited the antidepressant effects of ZZHP, suggesting that ZZHP could not work without triggering the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that ZZHP can alleviate depressive-like behavior and promote hippocampal neurogenesis in CUMS mice via activating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Ye
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Jinwen Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Fei Fang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Yaya Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Zhebin Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Chunfeng Shen
- Shen Chun-ti Nation-Famous Experts Studio for Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Shen Chun-ti Nation-Famous Experts Studio for Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
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Herselman MF, Bobrovskaya L. The Effects of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress and Semi-Pure Diets on the Brain, Gut and Adrenal Medulla in C57BL6 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14618. [PMID: 37834073 PMCID: PMC10572190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is known to perturb serotonergic regulation in the brain, leading to mood, learning and memory impairments and increasing the risk of developing mood disorders. The influence of the gut microbiota on serotonergic regulation in the brain has received increased attention recently, justifying the investigation of the role of diet on the gut and the brain in mood disorders. Here, using a 4-week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model in mice, we aimed to investigate the effects of a high-fat high-glycaemic index (HFD) and high-fibre fruit & vegetable "superfood" (SUP) modifications of a semi-pure AIN93M diet on behaviour, serotonin synthesis and metabolism pathway regulation in the brain and the gut, as well as the gut microbiota and the peripheral adrenal medullary system. CUMS induced anxiety-like behaviour, dysregulated the tryptophan and serotonin metabolic pathways in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and colon, and altered the composition of the gut microbiota. CUMS reduced the catecholamine synthetic capacity of the adrenal glands. Differential effects were found in these parameters in the HFD and SUP diet. Thus, dietary modifications may profoundly affect the multiple dynamic systems involved in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
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Herselman MF, Lin L, Luo S, Yamanaka A, Zhou XF, Bobrovskaya L. Sex-Dependent Effects of Chronic Restraint Stress on Mood-Related Behaviours and Neurochemistry in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10353. [PMID: 37373499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depressive disorders are closely associated; however, the pathophysiology of these disorders remains poorly understood. Further exploration of the mechanisms involved in anxiety and depression such as the stress response may provide new knowledge that will contribute to our understanding of these disorders. Fifty-eight 8-12-week-old C57BL6 mice were separated into experimental groups by sex as follows: male controls (n = 14), male restraint stress (n = 14), female controls (n = 15) and female restraint stress (n = 15). These mice were taken through a 4-week randomised chronic restraint stress protocol, and their behaviour, as well as tryptophan metabolism and synaptic proteins, were measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Adrenal catecholamine regulation was also measured. The female mice showed greater anxiety-like behaviour than their male counterparts. Tryptophan metabolism was unaffected by stress, but some basal sex characteristics were noted. Synaptic proteins were reduced in the hippocampus in stressed females but increased in the prefrontal cortex of all female mice. These changes were not found in any males. Finally, the stressed female mice showed increased catecholamine biosynthesis capability, but this effect was not found in males. Future studies in animal models should consider these sex differences when evaluating mechanisms related to chronic stress and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauritz Frederick Herselman
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Liying Lin
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shayan Luo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | | | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Yao C, Zhang Y, Sun X, Pei H, Wei S, Wang M, Chang Q, Liu X, Jiang N. Areca catechu L. ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression behavior in rats by the promotion of the BDNF signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114459. [PMID: 37245336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we have investigated the anti-depressant effects of the fruit Areca catechu L. (ACL) and elucidated its potential underlying mechanism using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). METHODS CUMS was induced in rats to establish a depression animal model for 28 days. According to the baseline sucrose preference, the male rats were divided into 6 different groups. They were treated with paroxetine hydrochloride, ACL, and water once a day until the behavioral tests were performed. The levels of corticosterone (CORT), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in serum were detected using a commercial kit, and the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain tissues were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. doublecortin (DCX) expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) was determined by immunofluorescence, and the relative abundance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, PSD-95, and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β of brain tissues were assayed by western blot. RESULTS ACL markedly increased sucrose preference, decreased the immobility time, and shortened the feeding latency of CUMS-induced rats. CUMS induction resulted in marked changes in the contents of the monoamine neurotransmitters (5-HT and DA) in the hippocampus and cortex of brain tissues and the levels of CORT, MDA, CAT, and T-SOD in serum, whereas ACL administration alleviated these considerable changes. ACL promoted DCX expression in DG and increased the protein levels of BDNF, TrkB, PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, PSD-95, and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β in the brains of CUMS-induced rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that ACL may improve depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced rats by decreasing the hyperfunction and oxidative stress of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, stimulating hippocampal neurogenesis, and activating the BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Yao
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Sun
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Pei
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Li B, Xu M, Wang Y, Feng L, Xing H, Zhang K. Gut microbiota: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of depression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116038. [PMID: 36529248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The causes of depression are complex. Many factors are involved in its pathogenesis, including the individual's biological and social environment. Although numerous studies have reported that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in depression, drugs that regulate the gut microbiota to treat depression have not yet been comprehensively reviewed. At the same time, more and more attention has been paid to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in improving depression by regulating gut microbiota. In ancient times, fecal microbiota transplantation was recorded in TCM for the treatment of severe diseases. There are also records in Chinese ancient books about the use of TCM to adjust gut microbiota to treat diseases, which has opened up a unique research field in TCM. Therefore, this article focuses on the pharmacological effects, targets, and mechanisms of TCM in improving depression by mediating the influence of gut microbiota. AIM OF THIS REVIEW To summarize the role the gut microbiota plays in depression, highlight potential regulatory targets, and elucidate the anti-depression mechanisms of TCMs through regulation of the gut microbiota. METHODS A systematic review of 256 clinical trials and pharmaceutical studies published until June 2022 was conducted in eight electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Research Gate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and China Knowledge Infrastructure), according to the implemented PRISMA criteria, using the search terms "traditional Chinese medicine," "depression," and "gut microbiota." RESULTS Numerous studies reported the effects of different gut bacteria on depression and that antidepressants work through the gut microbiota. TCM preparations based on compound Chinese medicine, the Chinese Materia Medica, and major bioactive components exerted antidepressant-like effects by improving levels of neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, kynurenine, and cytokines via regulation of the gut microbiota. CONCLUSION This review summarized the anti-depression effects of TCM on the gut microbiota, providing evidence that TCMs are safe and effective in the treatment of depression and may provide a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boru Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Meijing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lijin Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hang Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Tianjin UBasio Biotechnology Group, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Wang L, Yang P, Yang C, Yang D, Wu X, Cao T, Zeng C, Chen Q, Zhang S, Zhu Z, Jiao S, Cai H. Disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism in drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder: a comparative study on adult and adolescent cohorts. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1283-1296. [PMID: 35410391 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter metabolism plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether the neurotransmitter metabolism in adolescent MDD is differentiated from adult MDD is still elusive. In the current study, plasma concentrations of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters as well as their metabolites, including tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), glutamine (GLN), glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), were measured and compared in two cohorts of subjects (adult cohort: 31 first-episode MDD vs. 35 healthy controls; adolescent cohort: 33 first-episode MDD vs. 30 healthy controls). To assess the effects of antidepressant treatment, we also analyzed the concentrations of these indexes pre- and post-treatment in adult and adolescent cohorts. At baseline, the deficits of neurotransmitter metabolism in adult MDD were manifested in all the neurotransmitter systems. In contrast, for adolescent MDD, the dysregulation of neurotransmission was mainly indicated in the catecholaminergic systems. After antidepressant treatment, adult MDD showed increased TRP, KYN, KYNA and GLU levels, together with decreased levels of 5-HIAA and DOPAC. Adolescent MDD illustrated an increased level of 5-HT and decreased levels of TRP and GABA. The improvements of Hamilton total scores correlated with the changes in plasma TRP and the turnover of KYN/TRP after treatment in all MDD patients. However, these correlations were only manifested in the adult MDD rather than in adolescent MDD patients. The findings highlight the shared and distinguished neurotransmitter pathways in MDD and emphasize the different antidepressant responses between adults and adolescents. Potentially, the neurotransmitters above could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and provide a novel pharmacological treatment strategy for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Child Psychology, Xinjiang Mental Health Center and Urumqi Fourth People's Hospital, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangxin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Cuirong Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shimeng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Bai Y, Dai G, Song L, Gu X, Ba N, Ju W, Zhang W. Potential Anti-Depressive Effects and Mechanisms of Zhi-Zi Hou-Po Decoction Using Behavioral Despair Tests Combined With in Vitro Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:918776. [PMID: 35873590 PMCID: PMC9298739 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.918776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zhi-Zi Hou-Po Decoction (ZHD) has been widely used in the treatment of depression for centuries. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effects of the water extract of ZHD (ZHD-WE) and ethanol extract of ZHD (ZHD-EE) using behavioral despair tests in mice, and to further explore the neuroprotective effects in a PC12 cell injury model induced by corticosterone (CORT). Mice were divided into a control group (normal saline), ZHD-WE groups (4, 8, and 16 g kg-1), ZHD-EE groups (4, 8, and 16 g kg-1) and the fluoxetine group (20 mg kg-1). The forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to screen the antidepressant effects of ZHD-WE and ZHD-EE after oral administration for seven consecutive days. The level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus was determined by ELISA. The MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and flow cytometry analysis were performed to elucidate the neuroprotective effect of ZHD-EE on a PC12 cell injury model. Additionally, the mRNA and proteins expression of apoptotic molecules Bax, Bcl-2 and BDNF were detected by RT-PCR and western blot assay. It showed that ZHD-EE at concentrations of 8 and 16 g kg-1 significantly decreased the immobility time in the TST and FST, and increased the BDNF levels in the hippocampus. While ZHD-WE at concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 g kg-1 had no significant effect on the immobility time in the TST, and only the 16 g kg-1 of extract group significantly decreased the immobility time in the FST. In vitro, the obtained results showed that PC12 cells pre-incubated with ZHD-EE at concentrations of 100 and 400 μg ml-1 improved cell viability, decreased LDH release, and reduced apoptosis rate of PC12 cells. Moreover, ZHD-EE significantly increased the mRNA and proteins expression of Bcl-2 and BDNF, while decreased the mRNA and protein expression of Bax. ZHD-EE significantly improved despair-like behavior in mice, and its mechanism may be related to BDNF upregulation in the hippocampus. This study also showed that ZHD-EE had a protective effect on CORT-induced injury in PC12 cells by upregulating the expression of BDNF and restoring Bcl-2/Bax balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Gu
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Ba
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Feng L, Xing H, Zhang K. The therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in depression: Targeting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153980. [PMID: 35152089 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by persistent sadness and lack of interest or pleasure in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities. Understandably, the causes of depression are complex. Nevertheless, the understanding of depression pathophysiology has progressed considerably and numerous studies indicate that hippocampal neurogenesis plays a pivotal role. However, no drugs specifically targeting hippocampal neurogenesis yet exist. Meanwhile, the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on hippocampal neurogenesis have received increasing attention in the field of antidepressant treatment because of its multi-ingredient, multi-target, and holistic view. However, the effects and mechanisms of TCM on hippocampal neurogenesis in clinical trials and pharmaceutical studies remain to be comprehensively delineated. PURPOSE To summarize the importance of hippocampal neurogenesis in depression and illustrate the targets and mechanisms of hippocampal neurogenesis regulation that underlie the antidepressant effects of TCM. METHOD A systematic review of clinical trials and studies ending by January 2022 was performed across eight electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Research Gate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus and China Knowledge Infrastructure) according to the PRISMA criteria, using the search terms 'traditional Chinese medicine' "AND" 'depression' "OR" 'hippocampal neurogenesis' "OR" 'multi-ingredient' "OR" 'multi-target'. RESULTS Numerous studies show that hippocampal neurogenesis is attenuated in depression, and that antidepressants act by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, compound Chinese medicine (CCM), Chinese meteria medica (CMM), and major bioactive components (MBCs) can promote hippocampal neurogenesis exerting antidepressant effects through modulation of neurotransmitters and receptors, neurotrophins, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammatory factors, autophagy, and gut microbiota. CONCLUSION We have comprehensively summarized the effect and mechanism of TCM on hippocampal neurogenesis in depression providing a unique perspective on the use of TCM in the antidepressant field. TCM has the characteristics and advantages of multiple targets and high efficacy, showing great potential in the field of depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hang Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Tianjin UBasio Biotechnology Group, Tianjin 300457, China.
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11
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Luo K, Wang M, Pan X, Xing Y. Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Three Major Bioactive Components in the Normal and Different Courses of Liver-Stagnation and Spleen-Deficiency Syndrome Depressive Rats after Intragastric Administration of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po Decoction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:8657616. [PMID: 35371581 PMCID: PMC8970962 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8657616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the pharmacokinetic process of narirutin, naringin, and honokiol in normal and different courses of liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency syndrome depressive rats after intragastric administration of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction (ZZHPD), a rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was proposed in this study. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat was employed as the depression model. Acetonitrile solution containing 0.1% acetic acid and methyl alcohol-water (50 : 50, v/v) was chosen as the protein precipitant and redissolve solution severally; a Shim-pack GISS C18 column coupled with 0.1% aqueous acetic acid-acetonitrile in gradient elution was employed to separate the mixed constituents in plasma. The WinNonLin software (version 6.1) was chosen as the analytical tool for the pharmacokinetic parameters. The results indicated that compared with rats in the control group, the sucrose preference, scores in the open-field test, and the concentration of 5-HT in plasma of rats in CUMS and CUMS + ZZHPD treatment groups were lower, while the immobility time in the forced swimming test of rats in these two groups was longer, which implied that the depression model was successful. These behavioral and biochemical indexes of rats above in the CUMS + ZZHPD treatment group were improved after oral administration of ZZHPD, which indicated that the antidepressant effect of ZZHPD was definite. The UHPLC-MS/MS method was stabilized, sensitive, and exclusive, and the extraction recovery and matrix effect of three analytes were all above 89%. The T max, AUC, and Cmax of three ingredients in CUMS-induced depression rats were significantly larger than control rats, while these pharmacokinetic parameters in CUMS + ZZHPD treatment rats were decreased significantly compared with CUMS-induced depression rats, which may relate with the changes in physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract and liver in CUMS-induced liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency syndrome depressive rats. This study provided important information for the clinical rational use of ZZHPD in antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xiangxiang Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yadong Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China
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12
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Zhu X, Li T, Hu E, Duan L, Zhang C, Wang Y, Tang T, Yang Z, Fan R. Proteomics Study Reveals the Anti-Depressive Mechanisms and the Compatibility Advantage of Chaihu-Shugan-San in a Rat Model of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:791097. [PMID: 35111057 PMCID: PMC8802092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chaihu-Shugan-San is a classical prescription to treat depression. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle, the 2 decomposed recipes in Chaihu-Shugan-San exert synergistic effects, including Shu Gan (stagnated Gan-Qi dispersion) and Rou Gan (Gan nourishment to alleviate pain). However, the specific mechanism of Chaihu-Shugan-San on depression and its compatibility rule remain to be explored. Objective: We aimed to explore the anti-depression mechanisms and analyze the advantage of TCM compatibility of Chaihu-Shugan-San. Methods: The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model was established. Antidepressant effects were evaluated by sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST). Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics of the hippocampus was used to obtain differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks was utilized to study the DEPs connections. At last, the achieved key targets were verified by western blotting. Results: Chaihu-Shugan-San increased weight gain and food intake, as well as exhibited better therapeutic effects including enhanced sucrose preference and extended immobility time when compared with its decomposed recipes. Proteomics showed Chaihu-Shugan-San, Shu Gan, and Rou Gan regulated 110, 12, and 407 DEPs, respectively. Compared with Shu Gan or Rou Gan alone, the expression of 22 proteins was additionally changed by Chaihu-Shugan-San treatment, whereas the expression of 323 proteins whose expression was changed by Shu Gan or Rou Gan alone were not changed by Chaihu-Shugan-San treatment. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that Chaihu-Shugan-San affected neurotransmitter’s release and transmission cycle (e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine). GABA release pathway is also targeted by the 22 DEPs. Unexpectedly, only 2 pathways were enriched by the 323 DEPs: Metabolism and Cellular responses to external stimuli. Lastly, the expression of Gad2, Vamp2, and Pde2a was verified by western blotting. Conclusions: Chaihu-Shugan-San treats depression via multiple targets and pathways, which may include regulations of 110 DEPs and some neurotransmitter’s transmission cycle. Compared with Shu Gan and Rou Gan, the 22 Chaihu-Shugan-San advanced proteins and the affected GABA pathway may be the advantages of Chaihu-Shugan-San compatibility. This research offers data and theory support for the clinical application of Chaihu-Shugan-San.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - En Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyu Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Wang Q, Sun YN, Zou CM, Zhang TL, Li Z, Liu M, Shi BY, Shi SS, Yu CY, Wei TM. Regulation of the kynurenine/serotonin pathway by berberine and the underlying effect in the hippocampus of the chronic unpredictable mild stress mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 422:113764. [PMID: 35051489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental disorder and is one of the main causes of disability. Berberine (BBR), the major constituent alkaloid originally from the famous Chinese herb Huanglian (Coptis chinensis), has been shown to exert antidepressant-like effects. This study was to investigate the hypothesis that BBR treats depressive-like behavior by shifting the balance of the kynurenine (KYN)/serotonin (5-HT) pathway toward the 5-HT pathway through downregulated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and upregulated dopamine decarboxylase (DDC) in hippocampus. METHOD A chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice model of depression was established via 21 days unpredictable stimulation. Then the mice were randomly assigned into six groups, namely control, model, fluoxetine [FLU, (10 mg/kg)], BBRL (25 mg/kg), BBRM (50 mg/kg), and BBRH (100 mg/kg) groups. Behavioral assessments were conducted to evaluate the antidepressant effects of BBR. The levels of 5-HT, KYN, tryptophan (TRP), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in hippocampus were estimated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mRNA and protein levels of DDC, MAOA and IDO1 in hippocampus were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB), respectively. RESULT The results showed that a successful CUMS mice model was established through 21 days of continuous unpredictable stimulation, as indicated by the significant decrease in locomotor activity and increase in immobility time, reduction in body weight and sucrose preference rate etc. Compared with the normal group, the concentrations of KYN/TRP had significantly increased (p## <0.01) and 5-HT/5-HIAA had decreased (p#<0.05) at day 21 in the control group, but then improved after drug treatment with FLU and BBR. Compared with the normal group, the mRNA of IDO1 and MAOA were significantly upregulated (p#<0.05) in the control group, MAOA and IDO1 gene were downregulated by FLU and BBR treatment. Protein expressions of IDO1 and MAOA was significantly increased (p#<0.05) and DDC downregulated (p##<0.01). BBR treatment downregulated IDO1 and MAOA, upregulated DDC. CONCLUSIONS BBR reversed the abnormalities of the KYN/5-HT pathway in depressed mice and achieved an excellent antidepressant effect. Its direct impact may be observed as changes in biological indicators in mice hippocampus tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ya-Nan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chun-Ming Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Te-Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of human resource, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bi-Ying Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shan-Shan Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chun-Yue Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Tai-Ming Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China.
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14
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Liu R, Feng ZY, Li D, Jin B, Yan Lan, Meng LY. Recent trends in carbon-based microelectrodes as electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Huang L, Lv X, Ze X, Ma Z, Zhang X, He R, Fan J, Zhang M, Sun B, Wang F, Liu H. Combined probiotics attenuate chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:990465. [PMID: 36159940 PMCID: PMC9490273 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicated that probiotics can be effective in improving behaviors similar to depression and anxiety disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, as is the effects of single vs. combined probiotics on depression and anxiety. This study aimed to determine whether combined probiotics could attenuate depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and its potential mechanisms. Rats underwent CUMS treatment and then administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (HN001) or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (HN019), alone or in combination. Levels of neurotransmitters, inflammatory factors, and the gut microbiota were measured. HN001 and (or) HN019 treatment improved depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior in rats, including increased moving distance and exploratory behavior (p < 0.05). In addition, altered gut microbiota structure induced by CUMS was amended by HN001 and/or HN019 (p < 0.05). HN001 and/or HN019 intervention also remarkably normalized levels of 5-HT, DA, NE, HVA, DOPAC, HIAA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β in CUMS rats (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the effects of combined probiotics on decreasing inflammation and improved gut microbiota (Chao1 index and ACE index, p < 0.05) were superior to the single probiotics. Moreover, spearman analysis showed a certain correlation between the different microbiota, such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobias, Proteobacterias and Actinobacterias, and inflammation and neurotransmitters. These findings suggested that CUMS induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors can be alleviated by the combination of probiotics, which was possibly associated with the alterations in the gut microbiota composition and increased neurotransmitters and decreased inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zewei Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruikun He
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junting Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meilin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Boran Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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16
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Luo K, Xing Y, Wang M. Identifying the effectual-combination ingredients of Zhi-zi-Hou-po decoction based on metabolic difference-oriented network regulation strategy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1184:122980. [PMID: 34653845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Zhi-zi-Hou-po decoction (ZZHPD) has been used to treat depression in the clinic for thousand years in China. However, the pharmacodynamic substance of ZZHPD is still not totally clear due to its complex components. The objective of this study was to identify the effectual combination ingredients (ECIs) of ZZHPD, which could represent the antidepressant effect of the original formula. Firstly, differential plasma absorbed components with different variable importance in projection (VIP) value in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression and control rat were revealed by untargeted metabolomics-driven strategy based on HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS, XCMS online and SIMCA-p software. Secondly, network topology scores (NTS) of plasma absorbed components were exposed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis based on components-related genes and depression-related genes, which were performed by network pharmacology tools. Finally, the ECIs were screened by considered of VIP value and NTS. Then the bioactivity was evaluated by cell viability and expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) of a lipopolysaccharide-induced astrocyte depression model. An effective combination composed with 12 components was filtrated as ECIs of ZZHPD, exposed to which the cell viability effect, the expression of GFAP and IL-1β in astrocytes were essentially equivalent with original ZZHPD (p > 0.05), and that both characteristic constituents and trace compounds of ZZHPD might exert synergistic actions through multi-targets. The result of this study provided useful information for the clinical application and modern development of ZZHPD, and the proposed strategy could be regard as an alternative solution for effective combination screening of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, No. 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233030, China.
| | - Yadong Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, No. 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, No. 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu 233030, China
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17
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Bai Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang W, Wang X, He B, Ju W. Integrated Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation to Investigate the Mechanism of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po Decoction in Depression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:711303. [PMID: 34690756 PMCID: PMC8531485 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.711303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po Decoction (ZZHPD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been widely used in depression. However, the antidepressant mechanism of ZZHPD has not yet been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of ZZHPD acting on depression by combining ultra flow liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF/MS) and network pharmacology strategy. The chemical components of ZZHPD were identified using UFLC-Q-TOF/MS, while the potential drug targets and depression-related targets were collected from databases on the basis of the identified compounds of ZZHPD. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were used to unravel potential antidepressant mechanisms. The predicted antidepressant targets from the pharmacology-based analysis were further verified in vivo. As a result, a total of 31 chemical compounds were identified by UFLC-Q-TOF/MS; 514 promising drug targets were mined by using the Swiss Target Prediction; and 527 depression-related target genes were pinpointed by the GeneCards and OMIM databases. STRING database and Cytoscape's topological analysis revealed 80 potential targets related to the antidepressant mechanism of ZZHPD. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the antidepressant targets of ZZHPD were mainly involved in dopaminergic synapse, serotonin synapse, cAMP, and mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, based on the animal model of depression induced by chronic corticosterone, the regulatory effects of ZZHPD on the expression of MAOA, MAOB, DRD2, CREBBP, AKT1, MAPK1, HTR1A, and GRIN2B mRNA levels as well as the cAMP signaling pathway and monoaminergic metabolism were experimentally verified in rats. Our study revealed that ZZHPD is expounded to target various genes and pathways to perform its antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Phase I Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuolei Li
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoxia He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Phase I Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Xia B, Huang X, Sun G, Tao W. Iridoids from Gardeniae fructus ameliorates depression by enhancing synaptic plasticity via AMPA receptor-mTOR signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113665. [PMID: 33307051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardeniae fructus is a traditional Chinese herb which exerts antidepressant effect. However, its effective constituent and potential mechanism are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine whether iridoids, a type of monoterpenoids from Gardeniae fructus (IGF), exerts antidepressant effect by enhancing synaptic plasticity via AMPA receptor-mTOR signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidepressant effect of IGF (15 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg; 45 mg/kg) was investigated in spatial restraint stress (SRS)-induced mice. The expression levels of AMPA receptor-mTOR signaling and synaptic proteins were measured by Western blot, dendritic spine density was observed in Golgi staining. AMPA receptor (AMPAR) inhibitor NBQX and mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin were employed to determine the roles of AMPAR and mTOR signaling in IGF-induced antidepressant effects. RESULTS After IGF administration, the expression of the AMPA glutamate receptor Glutamate Receptor 1 (GluA1) was inhibited in SRS mice. We also observed a trend toward the up-regulation of the mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase, p70 ribosomal protein S6K (P70S6K) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1). The protein levels of Synapsin-1 and PSD-95 were decreased after SRS challenge, along with declined dendritic spine density, which were all reversed with IGF treatment. Furthermore, the treatment efficacy of IGF were blocked with AMPA receptor inhibitor NBQX or mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin. CONCLUSION IGF exerted antidepressive-like effects by stimulating AMPAR-mTOR signaling regulated synaptic plasticity enhancement. This work provided an important basis for developing IGF and Gardeniae fructus as potential anti-depressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xia
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guangda Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Li H, Li Y, Zhang X, Ren G, Wang L, Li J, Wang M, Ren T, Zhao Y, Yang M, Huang X. The Combination of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg and Aucklandia costus Falc. Volatile Oils Exerts Antidepressant Effects in a CUMS-Induced Rat Model by Regulating the HPA Axis and Levels of Neurotransmitters. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:614413. [PMID: 33716727 PMCID: PMC7943885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.614413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (CX)-Aucklandia costus Falc. (MX) herbal pair is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for treating depression. The volatile oil from CX and MX has been shown to have good pharmacological activities on the central nervous system, but its curative effect and mechanism in the treatment of depression are unclear. Therefore, the antidepressant effect of the volatile oil from CX-MX (CMVO) was studied in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. The suppressive effects of CMVO (25, 50, 100 μL/kg) against CUMS-induced depression-like behavior were evaluated using the forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT). The results showed that CMVO exhibited an antidepressant effect, reversed the decreased sugar preference in the SPT and prolongation of immobility time in the FST induced by CUMS, increased the average speed, time to enter the central area, total moving distance, and enhanced the willingness of rats to explore the environment in the OFT. Inhalational administration of CMVO decreased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone in serum and the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the hypothalamus, which indicated regulation of over-activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, CMVO restored levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine, norepinephrine and acetylcholine in the hippocampus. The RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry results showed that CMVO up-regulated the expression of 5-HT1A mRNA. This study demonstrated the antidepressant effect of CMVO in CUMS rats, which was possibly mediated via modulation of monoamine and cholinergic neurotransmitters and regulation of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanhui Li
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Guilin Ren
- Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Liangfeng Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianzhe Li
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Li ZH, Ma PK, Huang YF, Zhang Z, Zheng W, Chen JH, Guo CE, Chen N, Bi XN, Zhang YJ. Jiaotai Pill () Alleviates Insomnia through Regulating Monoamine and Organic Cation Transporters in Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 27:183-191. [PMID: 33420587 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal the effect and mechanism of Jiaotai Pill (, JTP) on insomniac rats. METHODS The insomniac model was established by intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). In behavioral experiments, rats were divided into control, insomniac model, JTP [3.3 g/(kg•d)], and diazepam [4 mg/(kg•d)] groups. The treatment effect of JTP was evaluated by weight measurement (increasement of body weight), open field test (number of crossings) and forced swimming test (immobility time). A high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) method was built to determine the concentration of monoamine transmitters in hypothalamus and peripheral organs from normal, model, JTP, citalopram [30 mg/(kg•d)], maprotiline [40 mg/(kg•d)] and bupropion [40 mg/(kg•d)] groups. Expressions of serotonin transporter (SERT), dopamine transporter (DAT), and norepinephrine transporter (NET) were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot in normal, model and JTP groups. A high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was established to determine the pharmacokinetics, urine cumulative excretion of metformin in vivo, and tissue slice uptake in vitro, which were applied to assess the activity of organic cation transporters (OCTs) in hypothalamus and peripheral organs. RESULTS Compared with the insomniac model group, the body weight and spontaneous locomotor were increased, and the immobility time was decreased after treatment with JTP (P<0.01). Both serotonin and dopamine contents in hypothalamus and peripheral organs were increased (P<0.01). The norepinephrine content was increased in peripheral organs and decreased in hypothalamus (P<0.05 or P<0.01). At the same time, SERT, DAT, OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3 were down-regulated in hypothalamus and peripheral organs (P<0.05). NET was down-regulated in peripheral organs and up-regulated in hypothalamus (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, the activity of OCTs in hypothalamus and peripheral organs was inhibited (P<0.05). CONCLUSION JTP alleviates insomnia through regulation of monoaminergic system and OCTs in hypothalamus and peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Peng-Kai Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | | | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chang-E Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xin-Ning Bi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Jiang N, Jingwei L, Wang H, Huang H, Wang Q, Zeng G, Li S, Liu X. Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol attenuates depressive-like behaviour and neuroinflammation in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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He L, Zeng L, Tian N, Li Y, He T, Tan D, Zhang Q, Tan Y. Optimization of food deprivation and sucrose preference test in SD rat model undergoing chronic unpredictable mild stress. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:69-78. [PMID: 32318662 PMCID: PMC7167236 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model has long been considered the best model for exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying depression. However, there are no widely recognised standards for strategies for modeling and for behavioral testing. The present study aimed to optimize the protocols for food deprivation and the sucrose preference test (SPT) for the CUMS model. METHODS We first evaluated the effects of different long periods of food deprivation on the body weight of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by testing food deprivation for 24 hours (8:00-8:00+), food deprivation for 12 hours during the daytime (8:00-20:00) and food deprivation for 12 hours at night (20:00-8:00+). Next, we established a SD rat CUMS model with 15 different stimulations, and used body weight measurement, SPT, forced swim test (FST), open field test (OFT) and Morris water maze (MWM) test to verify the success of the modeling. In the SPT, consumption of sucrose and pure water within 1 and 12 hours was measured. RESULTS Twelve hours of food deprivation during the daytime (8:00-20:00) had no effect on body weight, while 12 hours of food deprivation at night (20:00-8:00+) and 24 hours of food deprivation (8:00-8:00+) significantly reduced the mean body weight of the SD rats. When SPT was used to verify the successful establishment of the CUMS rat model, sucrose consumption measured within 12 hours was less variable than that measured within 1 hour. CONCLUSIONS Twelve hours of food deprivation in the daytime (8:00-20:00) may be considered a mild stimulus for the establishment of a CUMS rat model. Measuring sucrose consumption over 12 hours is recommended for SPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Wen He
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li Zeng
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Na Tian
- Pediatric Research InstituteChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Li
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Tong He
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dong‐Mei Tan
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Tan
- Laboratory Animal CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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