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Sukmak P, Kulworasreth P, Treveeravoot S, Arinno A, Anuwongworavet S, Wachiradejkul W, Kulworasreth P, Teansuk N, Thongnak L, Amonlerdpison D, Inchai J, Jakrachai C, Akrimajirachoote N, Aonbangkhen C, Muanprasat C, Poolsri W, Vaddhanaphuti CS, Pongkorpsakol P. Solanum melongena L. Extract Promotes Intestinal Tight Junction Re-Assembly via SIRT-1-Dependent Mechanisms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400230. [PMID: 39086054 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Tight junction disruption can lead to pathogenesis of various diseases without therapeutic strategy to recover intestinal barrier integrity. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the effect of Solanum melongena L. extract (SMLE) on intestinal tight junction recovery and its underlying mechanism. Intestinal barrier function is attenuated by Ca2+ depletion. SMLE treatment increased TER value across T84 cell monolayers. Permeability assay reveals that Ca2+ depletion promotes 4-kDa FITC-dextran permeability, but not 70-kDa FITC-dextran. SMLE suppresses the rate of 4-kDa FITC-dextran permeability, indicating that SMLE inhibits paracellular leak pathway permeability. SMLE-mediated TER increase and leak pathway suppression are abolished by neither calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) inhibitor nor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. Furthermore, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors have no effects on SMLE-mediated TER increase and leak pathway suppression. Interestingly, SMLE is unable to enhance TER value and diminish leak pathway permeability in T84 cell monolayers pre-treated with sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) inhibitor. Immunofluorescence staining reveals that SMLE enhances re-assembly of tight junction proteins, including occludin and ZO-1 to intercellular space but this effect is abolished by SIRT-1 inhibitor. These data suggest that SMLE promotes intestinal tight junction re-assembly via SIRT-1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichayapa Sukmak
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Epithelial Tight Junction Pathophysiology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Purisha Kulworasreth
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supisara Treveeravoot
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Epithelial Tight Junction Pathophysiology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwan Arinno
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Epithelial Tight Junction Pathophysiology, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wanapas Wachiradejkul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Purit Kulworasreth
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natnicha Teansuk
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Epithelial Tight Junction Pathophysiology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laongdao Thongnak
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Doungporn Amonlerdpison
- Center of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur and Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jakkapong Inchai
- Innovative Research Unit of Epithelial Transport and Regulation (iETR), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaiwet Jakrachai
- Innovative Research Unit of Epithelial Transport and Regulation (iETR), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Chanat Aonbangkhen
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | | | - Chutima S Vaddhanaphuti
- Innovative Research Unit of Epithelial Transport and Regulation (iETR), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Epithelial Tight Junction Pathophysiology, Bangkok, Thailand
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Liang Y, Ren T, Li R, Yu Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Qin Z, Li J, Hu J, Luo C. Natural Products with Potential Effects on Hemorrhoids: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2673. [PMID: 38893547 PMCID: PMC11173953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhoid disease is a common anorectal disorder affecting populations worldwide, with high prevalence, treatment difficulties, and considerable treatment costs. Compared to other treatment options, medical therapy for hemorrhoids offers minimal harm, more dignity to patients, and is more economical. Unfortunately, there are few chemical hemorrhoid medications available clinically, which makes the search for efficacious, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly new medication classes a focal point of research. In this context, searching for available natural products to improve hemorrhoids exhibits tremendous potential. These products are derived from nature, predominantly from plants, with a minor portion coming from animals, fungi, and algae. They have excellent coagulation pathway regulation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and tissue regeneration activities. Therefore, we take the view that they are a class of potential hemorrhoid drugs, prevention products, and medication add-on ingredients. This article first reviews the factors contributing to the development of hemorrhoids, types, primary symptoms, and the mechanisms of natural products for hemorrhoids. Building on this foundation, we screened natural products with potential hemorrhoid improvement activity, including polyphenols and flavonoids, terpenes, polysaccharides, and other types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Tankun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Ruyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhonghui Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637002, China;
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Zonglin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
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Pekacar S, Özüpek B, Akkol EK, Taştan H, Ersan H, Orhan DD. Identification of bioactive components on antihemorrhoidal activity of Cistus laurifolius L. using RP-HPLC and LC-QTOF-MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117122. [PMID: 37660958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistus laurifolius is widely used in folk medicine in Anatolia for the treatment of many ailments. The leaves of the plant are used in the form of tea in the treatment of hemorrhoids in the Western Black Sea Region and Central Anatolia. AIMS OF THE STUDY It was aimed at evaluating the anti-hemorrhoidal effects of C. laurifolus leaves in croton oil-induced hemorrhoid model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. laurifolius were tested for in vivo anti-hemorrhoidal efficacy using an experimental hemorrhoid model, followed by histological and biochemical analysis. Hemorrhoid was created by using croton oil on the anal region of the rats. TNF-α and VEGF mRNA expression levels were assessed using real-time PCR detections. The extract was also tested for anti-inflammatory properties, which are based on the suppression of an increase in capillary permeability caused by acetic acid. LC-QTOF-MS and RP-HPLC were used for the phytochemical analysis. RESULTS In comparison to the control, histological and biochemical assessment showed that the methanolic extract of C. laurifolius is particularly effective against hemorrhoids. The same extract group's TNF-α mRNA expression was found to be the lowest. Additionally, the methanolic extract showed a strong inhibitory effect on the increase in capillary permeability resulted on by acetic acid. Three phenolic compounds were discovered in the extracts by phytochemical analyses, while more than eighteen compounds were found by LC-QTOF-MS analysis. Five of these compounds are phenolic acid derivatives, and flavonoids constitute the majority of the group. CONCLUSION This is the first evidence from the research that C. laurifolius possesses strong anti-inflammatory and anti-hemorrhoidal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Pekacar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Burçin Özüpek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hakkı Taştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Halil Ersan
- Hükümet Konağı Çocuk Büro Amirliği, Kapaklı, 59510, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Didem Deliorman Orhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ke M, Huang S, Lin H, Xu Z, Li X, Li Z, Chen F, Wu H. Establishment and study of a rat internal haemorrhoid model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21385. [PMID: 38049459 PMCID: PMC10695920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish a relatively stable internal haemorrhoid model in rats. A total of 48 SPF SD rats were selected and randomly divided into a blank group of 16 and a model group of 32. The model was created by croton oil-mixed liquid stimulation combined with standing and swimming experiments, and the modelling times were 1 week and 2 weeks, respectively. By observing the symptoms and signs of rats, pathological morphology and immunohistochemical staining of anorectal tissue, anorectal laser speckle blood-flow imaging and defecation contrast, etc., the effect of different modelling times was evaluated. The stability of the model was evaluated after feeding for 2 weeks. Both model-formation times caused rats to produce local symptoms of tissue bulging in the haemorrhoid area. Microscopy showed that the rectal submucosal interstitial blood vessels were dilated, and inflammatory cell infiltration and other manifestations were observed. Laser speckle blood-flow imaging revealed increased anorectal blood perfusion and capillary dilatation, and defecography showed a longitudinal and continuous rectal mucosa. After 2 weeks of normal feeding, lifting of the haemorrhoidal tissue was still present. The effect of modelling for 1 week was most in line with the clinical manifestations of internal haemorrhoids. The 1-week modelling scheme in this study can effectively establish a rat internal haemorrhoid model that closely approximates clinical internal haemorrhoid symptoms and pathological manifestations. The operation is simple, the success rate is high, and the model has certain stability. This model can be used as an important basis for studying various treatment methods for internal haemorrhoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Ke
- Anorectal Department, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated With Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 282, Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, China.
| | - Shuyan Huang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Haorong Lin
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenguo Xu
- Anorectal Department, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated With Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 282, Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Xueyu Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Zuanfang Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Chen
- The First Hospital of Fuzhou Affiliated With Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350009, Fujian, China
| | - Huasong Wu
- Fujian Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, China
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Effectiveness of Mayinglong Musk Hemorrhoid Ointment on Wound Healing and Complications after Internal Hemorrhoid Ligation and External Hemorrhoidectomy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5630487. [PMID: 35722161 PMCID: PMC9203207 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5630487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of Mayinglong Musk Hemorrhoids Ointment on wound healing and complications after internal hemorrhoid ligation and external hemorrhoidectomy. Methods This is a retrospective study. A total of 100 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who were treated in our hospital from August 2019 to October 2020 were recruited and assigned to an operation group (n = 50, internal hemorrhoid ligation, and external hemorrhoidectomy) or a combined group (n = 50, use of Mayinglong Musk Hemorrhoid Ointment after internal hemorrhoid ligation and external hemorrhoidectomy). The wound-healing effect, wound-healing time, visual analog scale (VAS), anal function, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The combined group exhibited a significantly higher total effective rate of wound healing when compared with the operation group (p < 0.05). The patients in the combined group experienced remarkably faster wound healing than the operation group (p < 0.05). The visual analog scale (VAS) score of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the operation group (p < 0.05). The combined group obtained superior anal function than the operation group (p < 0.001). Conclusion Mayinglong Musk Hemorrhoid Ointment combined with internal hemorrhoid ligation and external hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of mixed hemorrhoids yields remarkable outcomes. It improves the wound healing outcomes, accelerates wound healing, relieves postoperative pain, enhances anal function, and reduces the occurrence of postoperative complications in the patient.
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Kusumawati I, Rullyansyah S, Rizka AF, Hestianah EP, Matsunami K. Histomorphometric study of ethanolic extract of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. leaves on croton oil-induced hemorrhoid mice: A Javanese traditional anti-hemorrhoid herb. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114765. [PMID: 34688799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff., known as "handeuleum" in West Java and "Daun Ungu" in Indonesia, is traditionally used to cure hemorrhoids. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to prove its effectiveness scientifically using anorectal histological parameters in Croton oil-induced hemorrhoid mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo tests were performed by observing histomorphologic changes in mice anorectal tissue induced by croton oil. In addition, in vitro assay was performed for evaluating antioxidant activity, astringency property, and hemostasis-associated activity. The antioxidant activity was measured using a DPPH radical scavenging assay. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents were also determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS The in vivo assay showed that the oral-topical combination use of the ethanolic extract of G. pictum leaves demonstrated significant improvement on the croton oil-induced anorectal damage better than the single application by oral or topical application. CONCLUSION These results showed that G. pictum has potent anti hemorrhoid activity, especially for the combinational use of oral and topical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idha Kusumawati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60155, East Java, Indonesia; Natural Product Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60155, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Subhan Rullyansyah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60155, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Aisyah Farah Rizka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60155, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah
- Veterinary Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Airlangga University, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60155, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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