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Zhu X, Liu S, Gao X, Gu Y, Yu Y, Li M, Chen X, Fan M, Jia Y, Tian L, Xiang M, Yu Y. Typical emerging contaminants in sewage treatment plant effluent, and related watersheds in the Pearl River Basin: Ecological risks and source identification. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135046. [PMID: 38964038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants pose a potential risk to aquatic ecosystems in the Pearl River Basin, China, owing to the high population density and active industry. This study investigated samples from eight sewage treatment plants, and five surface water bodies of related watersheds. To screen the risk of emerging contaminants (ECs), and clarify their sources, this study calculated the risk quotient of detected chemical and performed source identification/apportionment using the positive matrix factorization method. In total, 149 organic pollutants were identified. Pharmaceuticals showed significant concentrations in sewage treatment plant samples (120.87 ng/L), compared with surface water samples (1.13 ng/L). The ecological risk assessment identified three chemicals with a heightened risk to aquatic organisms: fipronil sulfide, caffeine, and roxithromycin. Four principal sources of contaminants were identified: pharmaceutical wastewater, domestic sewage, medical effluent, and agricultural runoff. Pharmaceutical wastewater was the primary contributor (60.4 %), to the cumulative EC concentration and to ECs in sewage treatment plant effluent. Agricultural drainage was the main source of ECs in surface water. This study provides a strategy to obtain comprehensive information on the aquatic risks and potential sources of EC species in areas affected by artificial activities, which is of substantial importance to pollutant management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Siyan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yilu Gu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Ying Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Min Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Mengqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yujie Jia
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Liping Tian
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Mingdeng Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
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Zhao Y, Ji J, Wu Y, Chen S, Xu M, Cao X, Liu H, Wang Z, Bi H, Guan G, Tang R, Tao H, Zhang H. Nonylphenol and its derivatives: Environmental distribution, treatment strategy, management and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141377. [PMID: 38346514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, emerging pollutants, including nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE), have become a prominent topic. These substances are also classified as persistent organic pollutants. NP significantly affects the hormone secretion of organisms and exhibits neurotoxicity, which can affect the human hippocampus. Therefore, various countries are paying increased attention to NP regulation. NPEs are precursors of NPs and are widely used in the manufacture of various detergents and lubricants. NPEs can easily decompose into NPs, which possess strong biological and environmental toxicity. This review primarily addresses the distribution, toxicity mechanisms and performance, degradation technologies, management policies, and green alternative reagents of NPs and NPEs. Traditional treatment measures have been unable to completely remove NP from wastewater. With the progressively tightening management and regulatory policies, identifying proficient and convenient treatment methods and a sustainable substitute reagent with comparable product effectiveness is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jie Ji
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hanlin Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hengyao Bi
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Guian Guan
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Ruixi Tang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hong Tao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - He Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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Vargas-Berrones K, Ocampo-Perez R, Rodríguez-Torres I, Medellín-Castillo NA, Flores-Ramírez R. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as efficient catalytic tools for the oxidative degradation of 4-nonylphenol and its by-products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:90741-90756. [PMID: 37462867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution is a current global concern caused by emerging pollutants like nonylphenol (NP). This endocrine disruptor cannot be efficiently removed with traditional wastewater treatment plants (WTPs). Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the adsorption influence of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) on the oxidative degradation (ozone and ultraviolet irradiations) of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and its by-products as a coadjuvant in WTPs. MIPs were synthesized and characterized; the effect of the degradation rate under system operating conditions was studied by Box-Behnken response surface design of experiments. The variables evaluated were 4-NP concentration, ozone exposure time, pH, and MIP amount. Results show that the MIPs synthesized by co-precipitation and bulk polymerizations obtained the highest retention rates (> 90%). The maximum adsorption capacities for 4-NP were 201.1 mg L-1 and 500 mg L-1, respectively. The degradation percentages under O3 and UV conditions reached 98-100% at 120 s of exposure at different pHs. The degradation products of 4-NP were compounds with carboxylic and ketonic acids, and the MIP adsorption was between 50 and 60%. Our results present the first application of MIPs in oxidation processes for 4-NP, representing starting points for the use of highly selective materials to identify and remove emerging pollutants and their degradation by-products in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Vargas-Berrones
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Rioverde, Ma del Rosario, San Ciro de Acosta-Rioverde 165, CP 79610, Rioverde, SLP, Mexico
| | - Raul Ocampo-Perez
- Centro de Investigación Y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78260, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Israel Rodríguez-Torres
- Instituto de Metalurgia-Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Nahúm A Medellín-Castillo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava No. 8, 78290, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Coordinación Para La Innovación Y Aplicación de La Ciencia Y La Tecnología (CIACYT), Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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Liang H, Gong J, Zhou K, Deng L, Chen J, Guo L, Jiang M, Lin J, Tang H, Liu X. Removal efficiencies and risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals at two wastewater treatment plants in South China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112758. [PMID: 34507038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are an important pollutant sources of the aquatic system. In this study, the removal efficiencies of eight typical EDCs at two domestic WWTPs in Dongguan City, China, are reported based on instrumental analysis and bioassay results. Bioactivities, including steroidogenesis-disrupting effects, estrogen receptor (ER)-binding activity, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-binding activity were evaluated using the H295R, MVLN, and H4IIE cell bioassays, respectively. The potential environmental risks of these residual EDCs were also evaluated. The results of instrumental analysis showed that nonylphenol was the major chemical type present among the eight tested EDCs. Meanwhile, concentrations of estrogen compounds including estrone, 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol, 17α-ethinyl estradiol, and diethylstilbestrol were relatively low. The removal rates of all eight EDCs were relatively high. Although the chemical analysis indicated high removal efficiency, the bioassay results showed that steroidogenesis-disrupting effects as well as ER-binding and AhR-binding activities remained, with E2-equivalent values of effluent samples ranging from 0.16 to 0.9 ng·L-1, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-equivalent values ranging from 0.61 to 4.09 ng L-1. Principal component analysis combined with regression analysis suggests that the chemicals analyzed in this study were partly responsible for these ER and AhR activities. Ecological risk assessment of the residual EDCs showed that estrone was the most hazardous chemical among the eight EDCs tested, with a risk quotient of 1.44-5.50. Overall, this study suggests that, despite high apparent removal efficiencies of typical EDCs, their bioactivities and potential ecological risks cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jian Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kairu Zhou
- School of Public Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
| | - Langjing Deng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Lihao Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Mengzhu Jiang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Juntong Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523808, China.
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Badmus SO, Amusa HK, Oyehan TA, Saleh TA. Environmental risks and toxicity of surfactants: overview of analysis, assessment, and remediation techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62085-62104. [PMID: 34590224 PMCID: PMC8480275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This work comprehensively reviewed the toxicity and risks of various surfactants and their degraded products in the environmental matrices, various analytical procedures, and remediation methods for these surfactants. The findings revealed that the elevated concentration of surfactants and their degraded products disrupt microbial dynamics and their important biogeochemical processes, hinder plant-surviving processes and their ecological niche, and retard the human organic and systemic functionalities. The enormous adverse effects of surfactants on health and the environment necessitate the need to develop, select, and advance the various analytical and assessment techniques to achieve effective identification and quantification of several surfactants in different environmental matrices. Considering the presence of surfactants in trace concentration and environmental matrices, excellent analysis can only be achieved with appropriate extraction, purification, and preconcentration. Despite these pre-treatment procedures, the chromatographic technique is the preferred analytical technique considering its advancement and shortcomings of other techniques. In the literature, the choice or selection of remediation techniques for surfactants depends largely on eco-friendliness, cost-implications, energy requirements, regeneration potential, and generated sludge composition and volume. Hence, the applications of foam fractionation, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, thermophilic aerobic membranes reactors, and advanced adsorbents are impressive in the clean-up of the surfactants in the environment. This article presents a compendium of knowledge on environmental toxicity and risks, analytical techniques, and remediation methods of surfactants as a guide for policymakers and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suaibu O Badmus
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein K Amusa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajudeen A Oyehan
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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López-Velázquez K, Guzmán-Mar JL, Saldarriaga-Noreña HA, Murillo-Tovar MA, Hinojosa-Reyes L, Villanueva-Rodríguez M. Occurrence and seasonal distribution of five selected endocrine-disrupting compounds in wastewater treatment plants of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Mexico: The role of water quality parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116223. [PMID: 33316500 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Five endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) were determined in four urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey (MAM) in two seasonal periods (winter and summer). The MAM, one of the most urbanized areas in Mexico, is characterized by high industrial activity and population density, leading to extensive use of several EDCs. In the MAM, ∼90% of urban and industrial wastewater is treated in WWTPs, where EDCs can be partially eliminated. In this work, dissolved levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4NP), and 4-tert-octylphenol (4TOP) in wastewater were determined. The EDCs' determination was carried out through solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). High EDCs levels (0.4-450 ng/L) were found in the influents of WWTPs, while concentrations in the effluents ranged from 0.2 to 26.8 ng/L, with E2, EE2, and 4TOP being the most persistent. The Spearman correlation analysis revealed the association between E2 and EE2 (r = 0.4835, p < 0.05), and between BPA and 4NP (r = 0.5180, p < 0.05), suggesting that these EDCs have similar sources. Also, E2, BPA, and 4TOP were positively correlated with the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) (r = 0.4080-0.5694, p < 0.05), indicating the association of the EDCs with the organic matter in the wastewater. The factor analysis confirmed the significant correlation of COD, BOD, TSS, temperature, and pH with the high occurrence of 4TOP during the summer. It was also confirmed that summer warmer temperatures favored the removal of BPA and 4NP in the studied WWTPs. Finally, the studied sites were classified by cluster analysis in three groups, revealing the impact that seasonality has on the behavior of the selected EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khirbet López-Velázquez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge L Guzmán-Mar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Hugo A Saldarriaga-Noreña
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mario A Murillo-Tovar
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Laura Hinojosa-Reyes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Minerva Villanueva-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Limmun W, Ito A, Ishikawa N, Momotori J, Kawamura Y, Majima Y, Sasamoto M, Umita T. Removal of nonylphenol and nonylphenol monoethoxylate from water and anaerobically digested sewage sludge by Ferrate(VI). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124399. [PMID: 31548172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO) have toxic and persistent characteristics, and are incompletely degraded in conventional wastewater treatment processes. These compounds are present in sewage sludge that can be reused as fertilizers or soil conditioners. Accordingly, NP and NP1EO should be properly removed before being discharged in the environment. In this study, potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) containing hexavalent iron (Fe(VI)) was used as an environment-friendly oxidizing agent to mediate NP and NP1EO degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pH and Fe(VI) dosage on the degradation of NP and NP1EO in water and anaerobically digested sewage sludge samples. In water samples, under conditions examined in this study, maximum removal efficiencies for NP and NP1EO were 98% and 92%, respectively. For digested sewage sludge samples, the maximum removal efficiencies of NP and NP1EO were 58% and 96%, respectively. The results demonstrated that Fe(VI) can potentially degrade NP and NP1EO in water and digested sewage sludge samples. However, organic matter as a matrix in the sludge sample would inhibit the degradation of NP and NP1EO by Fe(VI). The pH values before and after adding K2FeO4 to the samples had an obvious influence on the removal of NP and NP1EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warunee Limmun
- Department of Frontier Matters and Function Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ito
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan.
| | - Nao Ishikawa
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Jin Momotori
- Division of Regional Development and Creativity, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Yumi Kawamura
- Division of Regional Development and Creativity, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Yu Majima
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasamoto
- Technical Office, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Umita
- Course of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of System Innovation Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
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Yu Y, Zou Z, Wang S. Statistical regression modeling for energy consumption in wastewater treatment. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:201-208. [PMID: 30473285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment is one of critical issues faced by water utilities, and receives more and more attentions recently. The energy consumption modeling in biochemical wastewater treatment was investigated in the study via a general and robust approach based on Bayesian semi-parametric quantile regression. The dataset was derived from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, where the energy consumption of unit chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was the response variable of interest. Via the proposed approach, the comprehensive regression pictures of the energy consumption and truly influencing factors, i.e., the regression relationships at lower, median and higher energy consumption levels were characterized respectively. Meanwhile, the proposals for energy saving in different cases were also facilitated specifically. First, the lower level of energy consumption was closely associated with the temperature of influent wastewater, and the chroma-rich wastewater also showed helpful in the execution of energy saving. Second, at median energy consumption level, the COD-rich wastewater played a determinative role in the reduction of energy consumption, while the higher quality of treated water led to slightly energy intensive. Third, the higher level of energy consumption was most likely to be attributed to the relatively high temperature of wastewater and total nitrogen (TN)-rich wastewater, and both of the factors were preferably to be avoided to alleviate the burden of energy consumption. The study provided an efficient approach to controlling the energy consumption of wastewater treatment in the perspective of statistical regression modeling, and offered valuable suggestions for the future energy saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhihong Zou
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emergence Support Simulation Technologies for City Operations, Beijing 100191, China.
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9
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Liu YY, Lin YS, Yen CH, Miaw CL, Chen TC, Wu MC, Hsieh CY. Identification, contribution, and estrogenic activity of potential EDCs in a river receiving concentrated livestock effluent in Southern Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:464-476. [PMID: 29709864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We assessed 22 selected endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) and other emerging, potentially endocrine-active compounds with estrogenic activity from the waters of the Wuluo River, southern Taiwan. This watershed receives high amounts of livestock and untreated household wastewaters. The river is surrounded by concentrated animal feedlot operations (CAFOs). River water samples were analyzed for selected compounds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), T47D-KBluc reporter gene assay, and E-screen cell proliferation in vitro bioassay. Total concentrations of ∑alkylphenolic compounds (bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, t-nonylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol mono-ethoxylate, nonylphenol di-ethoxylate) were much higher than ∑estrogens (estrone, 17 β-estradiol, estriol, 17ß-ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol), ∑preservatives (methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben), ∑UV-filters (benzophenone, methyl benzylidene camphor, benzophenone-3), ∑antimicrobials (triclocarben, triclosan, chloroxylenol), and an insect repellent (diethyltoluamide) over four seasonal sampling periods. The highest concentration was found for bisphenol A with a mean of 302 ng/L. However, its contribution to estrogenic activity was not significant due to its relatively low estrogenic potency. Lower detection rates were found for BP, EE2, TCS, and PCMX, while DES and EP were not detected. E1 and E2 levels in raw water samples were 50% higher than the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) for aquatic organisms of 6 and 2 ng/L, respectively. The potency of estrogenic activity ranged from 11.7 to 190.1 ng/L E2T47D-Kbluc and 6.63 to 84.5 ng/L E2E-Screen for extracted samples. Importantly, estrone contributed 50% of the overall activity in 60% and 44% of the samples based on T47D-KBluc and MCF-7 bioassays, followed by 17 ß-estradiol, highlighting the importance of total steroid estrogen loading. This study demonstrates that the estrogenic activity of target chemicals was comparable to levels found in different countries worldwide. More intense wastewater treatment is required in areas of intensive agriculture in order to prevent adverse impacts on the ambient environment and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Siou Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Ling Miaw
- Department of Nursing, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Chun Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Acir IH, Guenther K. Endocrine-disrupting metabolites of alkylphenol ethoxylates - A critical review of analytical methods, environmental occurrences, toxicity, and regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1530-1546. [PMID: 29874777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that metabolites of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) are classified as hazardous substances, they continue to be released into the environment from a variety of sources and are not usually monitored. Their wide use has led to an increase in the possible exposure pathways for humans, which is cause for alarm. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge about the behaviour of these metabolites with respect to the environment and toxicity, and their biological effects on human health. The aim of this work is to give an overview of the APEO metabolites and their analysis, occurrences and toxicity in various environmental and human samples. APEO metabolites have adverse effects on humans, wildlife, and the environment through their release into the environment. Currently, there are some reviews available on the behaviour of alkylphenols in soil, sediments, groundwater, surface water and food. However, none of these articles consider their toxicity in humans and especially their effect on the nervous and immune system. This work summarises the environmental occurrences of metabolites of APEOs in matrices, e.g. water, food and biological matrices, their effect on the immune and nervous systems, and isomer-specific issues. With that emphasis we are able to cover most common occurrences of human exposure, whether direct or indirect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail-H Acir
- University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, Endenicher Allee 11-13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Guenther
- University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, Endenicher Allee 11-13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Determination of 4-nonylphenol and 4- tert -octylphenol compounds in various types of wastewater and their removal rates in different treatment processes in nine wastewater treatment plants of Iran. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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