1
|
Mgelwa AS, Zhu F, Huang D, Song L, Wang Y, Gurmesa GA, Wang A, Liu M, Huang S, Qiu Q, Sase H, Zhu W, Fang Y. Patterns and drivers of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition in Northeast Asia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119343. [PMID: 37918232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition due to intensified emissions of NH3 and NOx is a global problem with profound consequences on living organisms and the environment. Although N emission rates are currently considered to be high in East Asia, reports on the current N deposition level and composition are still limited, especially in northeastern China, where official N deposition monitoring sites are unavailable. This limits our understanding of the spatio-temporal N deposition patterns and their influencing factors at regional to continental scales. Here, we used data collected mostly during 2019 at 38 sites, comprising 7 sites in northeastern China and 31 EANET (Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia) sites in middle and east Russia, Mongolia, central and southern China, South Korea and Japan to explore the spatial-seasonal variations and drivers of ammonium and nitrate deposition across the Northeast Asia. Total bulk inorganic N (TIN) deposition was 3.7-24.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio in the TIN was 0.8-2.8 in northeastern China. The bulk/wet TIN deposition averaged 7.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (predominantly in the form of ammonium-N: NH4+-N/NO3--N = 1.4) over the Northeast Asia region, with the highest rates being observed in northeastern China (11.6), as well as central and southern China (10.7), followed by east Russia, South Korea and Japan (5.6), and the lowest in middle Russia and Mongolia (1.5). This regional bulk/wet TIN deposition level is about twice of the wet TIN deposition level in Europe and the United States. The TIN deposition in summer and spring was 45-467% higher than in autumn and winter. Out of the ten land uses considered, only agricultural and urban land uses significantly positively correlated with NH4+-N and NO3--N deposition rates across all monitored sites. This study suggests that the ongoing agricultural and urban expansions are likely to enhance N deposition and its associated effects across global ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abubakari Said Mgelwa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; College of Natural Resources Management & Tourism, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture & Technology, P.O. Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania
| | - Feifei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Linlin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Ang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Miao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Shaonan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Prevention and Ecological Security (Henan University), Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qingyan Qiu
- Forest Ecology & Stable Isotope Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hiroyuki Sase
- Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, 1182, Sowa Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, 950-2144, Japan
| | - Weixing Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, The State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pereira JN, Mantovani VA, de Mello CR, Fornaro A, Vieira-Filho M. Nitrogen atmospheric deposition driven by seasonal processes in a Brazilian region with agricultural background. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37174-37184. [PMID: 36571691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the seasonal patterns and influencing factors of nitrogen atmospheric deposition is essential to evaluate human impacts on the air quality and nitrogen biogeochemical cycle. However, evaluation of the nitrogen deposition flux, especially in South America agricultural regions, has not been fully investigated. In this paper, we quantified the atmospheric wet deposition fluxes of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), in a region with agricultural and livestock predominance in the Southern Minas Gerais region, Brazil, from May 2018 to April 2019. Deposition fluxes of nitrogen species in the wet season (October-March) were on average 4.8-fold higher than those in the dry season, which revealed significant seasonal variations driven largely by the seasonality of rainfall and agricultural operations. We also found high NO3-/NH4+ ratios (average = 8.25), with higher values in dry season (NO3-/NH4+ = 12.8) in comparison with wet season (NO3-/NH4+ = 4.48), which revealed a higher relative contribution of NOx emissions from traffic sources in dry season. We also estimated the influence of atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen (N-DIN) on environmental ecosystems, being 2.01 kgNha-1 year-1 with potential risk of acidification and eutrophication of 30%. Therefore, attention should be paid to the role of wet atmospheric deposition of nitrogen as a source of nitrogen environmental pollution in agricultural regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Natiele Pereira
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental (DAM), Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus da UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Alves Mantovani
- Departamento de Recursos Hídricos (DRH), Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus da UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 372000-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rogério de Mello
- Departamento de Recursos Hídricos (DRH), Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus da UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 372000-000, Brazil
| | - Adalgiza Fornaro
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas (DCA), Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica E Ciências Atmosféricas (IAG) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua Do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 1226, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vieira-Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental (DAM), Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus da UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li X, Guo J, Yu F, Tripathee L, Yan F, Hu Z, Gao S, He X, Li C, Kang S. Concentrations, sources, fluxes, and absorption properties of carbonaceous matter in a central Tibetan Plateau river basin. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114680. [PMID: 36332672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous matter (CM) (such as water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC), black carbon (BC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC)) has a significant impact on the carbon cycle and radiative forcing (RF) of glacier. Precipitation samples and glacier's snow/ice samples (snowpit, surface snow, and granular ice) (Xiao dongkemadi Glacier) were collected at the Dongkemadi River Basin (DRB) in the central Tibetan Plateau (TP) between May and October 2016 to investigate the characteristics and roles of CM in the TP River Basin. WIOC, BC, and WSOC concentrations in precipitation were relatively higher than that in snowpit, but lower than that in surface snow/ice, with the wet deposition fluxes of 0.10 ± 0.002, 0.04 ± 0.001, and 0.12 ± 0.002 g C m-2 yr-1 at DRB, respectively. The positive matrix factorization model identified four major sources (biomass burning source, secondary precursors, secondary aerosol, and dust source) of CM in precipitation at DRB. Two source areas (South Asia and the interior of TP) contributing to the pollution at DRB were identified using a potential source contribution function model, a concentration-weighted trajectory method, and the back-trajectory model. Moreover, the light-absorption by WSOC in the ultraviolet region was 23.0%, 12.1%, and 3.4% relative to the estimated total light-absorption in precipitation, snowpit, and surface snow/ice, respectively. Optical indices analysis revealed that WSOC in snowpit samples presented higher molecular weight, while presented higher aromatic and higher molecule sizes in surface snow/ice and precipitation samples, respectively. RF by WSOC relative to that of BC was estimated to be 17.6 ± 17.6% for precipitation, 10.9 ± 5.8% for snowpit, and 10.7 ± 11.6% for surface snow/ice, respectively, during the melt season in the central TP River Basin. These results help us understand how CM affects glaciers, and they can be utilized to create policies and recommendations that efficiently reduce emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; Tanggula Cryosphere and Environment Observation Station, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jingning Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fangping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaofu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shaopeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- Tanggula Cryosphere and Environment Observation Station, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chaoliu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhattarai H, Tripathee L, Kang S, Chen P, Sharma CM, Ram K, Guo J, Rupakheti M. Nitrogenous and carbonaceous aerosols in PM 2.5 and TSP during pre-monsoon: Characteristics and sources in the highly polluted mountain valley. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 115:10-24. [PMID: 34969440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports for the first time a comprehensive analysis of nitrogenous and carbonaceous aerosols in simultaneously collected PM2.5 and TSP during pre-monsoon (March-May 2018) from a highly polluted urban Kathmandu Valley (KV) of the Himalayan foothills. The mean mass concentration of PM2.5 (129.8 µg/m3) was only ~25% of TSP mass (558.7 µg/ m3) indicating the dominance of coarser mode aerosols. However, the mean concentration as well as fractional contributions of water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN) and carbonaceous species reveal their predominance in find-mode aerosols. The mean mass concentration of WSTN was 17.43±4.70 µg/m3 (14%) in PM2.5 and 24.64±8.07 µg/m3 (5%) in TSP. Moreover, the fractional contribution of total carbonaceous aerosols (TCA) is much higher in PM2.5 (~34%) than that in TSP (~20%). The relatively low OC/EC ratio in PM2.5 (3.03 ± 1.47) and TSP (4.64 ± 1.73) suggests fossil fuel combustion as the major sources of carbonaceous aerosols with contributions from secondary organic aerosols. Five-day air mass back trajectories simulated with the HYSPLIT model, together with MODIS fire counts indicate the influence of local emissions as well as transported pollutants from the Indo-Gangetic Plain region to the south of the Himalayan foothills. Principal component analysis (PCA) also suggests a mixed contribution from other local anthropogenic, biomass burning, and crustal sources. Our results highlight that it is necessary to control local emissions as well as regional transport while designing mitigation measures to reduce the KV's air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemraj Bhattarai
- Earth System Science Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Himalayan Environment Research Institute (HERI), Kathmandu 44602, Nepal
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; Himalayan Environment Research Institute (HERI), Kathmandu 44602, Nepal.
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chhatra Mani Sharma
- Himalayan Environment Research Institute (HERI), Kathmandu 44602, Nepal; Central Department of Environmental Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal
| | - Kirpa Ram
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Junming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Yu F, Cao J, Fu P, Hua X, Chen Q, Li J, Guan D, Tripathee L, Chen Q, Wang Y. Chromophoric dissolved organic carbon cycle and its molecular compositions and optical properties in precipitation in the Guanzhong basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152775. [PMID: 34990674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which is important in the biogeochemical cycle of precipitation, can provide a comprehensive view of chromophores within the atmospheric boundary layer. In this work, the optical properties and molecular characteristics of WSOC in precipitation over the Guanzhong Basin (GB) of North China were investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI). Furthermore, sources and wet deposition of WSOC were estimated using in-situ measurements and modeling. The light-absorption by WSOC at 250-300 nm (UV region) and 400-550 nm (visible region) was 64.17% and 15.36% relative to the estimated total light-absorption, respectively. Parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis revealed three types of fluorophores in WSOC at Xi'an (XN), including two humic-like substances (HULIS) and one protein-like substance (PRLIS), with HULIS accounting for 79% of total fluorescence intensity. FT-ICR MS analysis revealed that CHO and CHON were the most abundant components of WSOC at XN, each containing a variety of lignins, protein/amino sugars, and lipids. Moreover, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified the contributions from three main sources (secondary precursors and aerosols, and coal combustion) of WSOC in precipitation at XN. The annual wet deposition flux of WSOC in precipitation at XN was estimated as about 0.63 g C m-2 yr-1, lower than that at other polluted cities. These findings add to our understanding of chromophoric dissolved organic carbon budgets, which is critical for accurately assessing the global carbon cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hua
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jinwen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Dongjie Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chi Y, Fan M, Zhao C, Yang Y, Fan H, Yang X, Yang J, Tao J. Machine learning-based estimation of ground-level NO 2 concentrations over China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150721. [PMID: 34619217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Most current scientific research on NO2 remote sensing focuses on tropospheric NO2 column concentrations rather than ground-level NO2 concentrations; however, ground-level NO2 concentrations are more related to anthropogenic emissions and human health. This study proposes a machine learning estimation method for retrieving the ground-level NO2 concentrations throughout China based on the tropospheric NO2 column concentrations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and multisource geographic data from 2018 to 2020. This method adopts the XGBoost machine learning model characterized by a strong fitting ability and complex model structure, which can explain the complex nonlinear and high-order relationships between ground-measured NO2 and its influencing factors. The R2 values between the retrievals and the validation and test datasets are 0.67 and 0.73, respectively, which suggests that the proposed method can reliably retrieve the ground-level NO2 concentrations across China. The distribution characteristics, seasonal variations and interannual differences in ground-level NO2 concentrations are further analyzed based on the retrieval results, demonstrating that the ground-level NO2 concentrations exhibit significant geographical and seasonal variations, with high concentrations in winter and low concentrations in summer, and the highly polluted regions are concentrated mainly in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), the Pearl River Delta (PRD), Cheng-Yu District (CY) and other urban agglomerations. Finally, the interannual variation in the ground-level NO2 concentrations indicates that pollution decreased continuously from 2018 to 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chuanfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yikun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xingchuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinhua Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mishra M, Kulshrestha UC. Wet deposition of total dissolved nitrogen in Indo-Gangetic Plain (India). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:9282-9292. [PMID: 34505249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Very limited information on the magnitude and environmental impacts of both inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen (N) wet deposition is available in India. Molar concentrations of inorganic (NH4+ and NO3-) and organic N in rainwater were monitored at three different land use sites in Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during the monsoon period (June-September) of 2017. It has been observed that dissolved organic N (DON) contributed significantly to the total dissolved N (TDN) ranging from 5 to 60%. Dissolved inorganic N (DIN = NH4+ + NO3-) concentration was recorded as high as 221.0 μmol L-1 at urban site to as low as 65.9 μmol L-1 at the rural site. A similar pattern was also observed for DON. NH4+ contribution to TDN had the order urban megacity (65%) > urban (70%) > rural (75%). Agriculture and animal husbandry are the primary sources of NH4+ emissions in the rural site. However, NO3- has shown a contrasting trend at these sites (25%, 15%, and 8%, respectively). Wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric TDN were observed to be higher at urban sites. This can be attributed to a variety of local sources such as vehicular emission, microbial emissions, biomass burning, human excreta due to higher population density, and transportation from surrounding areas, as observed from concentration weighted trajectories (CWT) model and cluster analysis. Upwind region of IGP has experienced major influence of air mass transported from agriculturally rich northwest part of India. However, both the downwind sites have experienced by-and-large the influence of south-westerly air masses originated over the Arabian Sea. This study has found that the DON contributes significantly to TDN, and therefore, its inclusion for nitrogen budget assessment in South Asia is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Mishra
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu X, Zhang W, Yin Y, Dong Y, Yang D, Lv J, Yuan W. Environmental implications of reduced electricity consumption in Wuhan during COVID-19 outbreak: A brief study. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2021; 23:101578. [PMID: 33898658 PMCID: PMC8056989 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, Wuhan was locked down from 23 January 2020 to 8 April 2020, a total of 76 days. It is well known that the electricity consumption is a direct reflection of human activity. During the lockdown of Wuhan, most of human activities were forbidden. The reduction in human activity would inevitably lead to a reduction in electricity consumption. At the same time, anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants would also be reduced with the reduction of human activity. In this study, the correlation between electricity consumption and air pollutants during lockdown was discussed in detail. The result showed that the drop in pollutants concentrations in January should be attributed to the washout effect of rainfall rather than the lockdown. The decrease of electricity consumption in the secondary industry might play a significant role on the decrease of PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations in Wuhan in February 2020. The decrease in NO2 concentration in March should be attributed to the reduction of pollutants emissions from the tertiary industry, which means that more attention should be paid to the control of NO2 emission in the tertiary industry. Due to reduced emissions from local sources, the role of long-range transport sources might be more significant during the lockdown of Wuhan. By PSCF analysis, southeast of Wuhan could be the major potential emission sources of PM2.5 , especially in the northern part of Jiangxi province. It was suggested that stricter regulation of pollutants emissions should be implemented in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianmang Xu
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heze Medical College, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Yanchao Yin
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Yuezhen Dong
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Deliang Yang
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Jialiang Lv
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Wenpeng Yuan
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze, 274000, China
| |
Collapse
|