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Xia YQ, Yang Y, Liu Y, Li CH, Liu PF. Investigation of copper-induced intestinal damage and proteome alterations in Takifugu rubripes: Potential health risks and environmental toxicology detection. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116718. [PMID: 39024957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Copper is one of the predominant water pollutants. Excessive exposure to copper can cause harm to animal health, affecting the central nervous system and causing blood abnormalities. Cuproptosis is a novel form of cell death that differs from previous programmed cell death methods. However, the impact of copper on the intestines remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of copper exposure on the intestinal proteome of Takifugu rubripes (T. rubripes). Relevant biomarkers were used to detect cuproptosis. We revealed the crosstalk relationship between cuproptosis and self-rescue at different concentrations, and discussed the feasibility of using potential cuproptosis indicators as anti-infection factors. We observed intestinal damage in the three copper exposure groups, especially in T. rubripes treated with 100 and 500 μg/L copper, with shedding and breakage of intestinal villus and fuzzy and loose structure of intestinal mucosa. The presence of copper stress not only causes cuproptosis but also oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of quantitative proteomics by TMT showed that compared to the 50 and 100 μg/L copper exposure groups, the expression of glutaminase, pyruvate kinase, and skin mucus lectin in the 500 μg/L group was significantly increased. The positive mediators COX5A and CTNNB1, as well as the negative mediators CD4 and FDXR, were found to be differentially expressed. Using the protein expression trends of cuproptosis indicator factors FDX1 and DLAT to indicate the concentration of copper ions in the environment. In addition, we found a new effect of promoting ferroptosis: providing additional copper ions can activate the phenomenon of ferroptosis. Our results expand our understanding of the potential health risks of copper in T. rubripes. At the same time, it is of great significance for the process of copper poisoning and the development of new environmental toxicology detection reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Xia
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Cheng-Hua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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Vishwakarma MC, Joshi HK, Tiwari P, Bhandari NS, Joshi SK. Thermodynamic, kinetic, and equilibrium studies of Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ion biosorption onto treated Ageratum conyzoid biomass. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133001. [PMID: 38897497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The issue of environmental contamination, particularly caused by the existence of heavy metal particles, is a major and widely recognized subject that receives substantial global attention. The remediation of Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) ionic metal particles from synthetic wastewater using chemically treated plant leaves of Ageratum conyzoides (TAC) as a biosorbent was investigated. The biosorption process was implemented utilizing a batch system, wherein several operational parameters were considered, including temperature, pH, agitation time, biosorbent dosage, and initial concentration of the metal ion. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and D-R isotherm models were used to evaluate equilibrium data. The analyzed parameter exhibits characteristics that were best fitted with the Langmuir isotherm. The observed biosorption capacities (qm) of Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II) ions on the TAC were measured as 51.573, 30.49, 33.53, and 35.91 mg/g, respectively, at a temperature of 22 °C. The affinity sequence of these metal ions follows the order Cu(II) > Pb(II) > Ni(II) > Cd(II). The measured values for the biosorption free energy change (ΔG) of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) metal ions ranged from -1.017 to -4.723, -1.368 to -3.612, -2.785 to -5.21, and -1.047 to -5.135 kJ/mol, respectively. The enthalpy (ΔH) for Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) were determined to be +19.33, +6.82, +14.83, and +38.07 kJ/mol, respectively. Similarly, the corresponding entropy changes (ΔS) for the same series of metal ions were recorded as +0.075, +0.064, +0.063, and +0.135 kJ/mol.K. The pseudo-second-order kinetic models yielded superior outcomes in comparison to the pseudo-first-order kinetic models. The findings of the experiment indicated that the TAC demonstrates favorable efficacy in extracting all four metal ions. Hence, the utilization of biomass derived from Ageratum conyzoides leaves has proven to be a viable and economically feasible approach for biosorption of all four metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Chandra Vishwakarma
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Post Graduate College Bageshwar, Soban Singh Jeena University, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Hemant Kumar Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Nanhi Pari Seemant Engineering Institute, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry MB Post Graduate College Haldwani, Kumaun University, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Narendra Singh Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry, SSJ Campus Almora, Soban Singh Jeena University, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, SSJ Campus Almora, Soban Singh Jeena University, Uttarakhand, India
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Yan M, Chen X, Jiang T, Xue J, Liber K, Liu H, Yang J. Copper induces cytotoxicity in freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana hemocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142595. [PMID: 38866330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Hemocytes of freshwater bivalves are an important target model for evaluating copper (Cu) toxicity in vitro, with excess Cu causing adverse responses in these organisms. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying cytotoxicity remain poorly understood. The freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana, employed as a model organism in freshwater environments, was utilized in this study. Hemocytes of A. woodiana were exposed to various aqueous Cu treatments (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L), and a control group (no Cu added) for 3 h to investigate the cytotoxic mechanisms of Cu. The results showed a significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species in hemocytes of all Cu exposed groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). Remarkably, Cu treatments disrupted the cellular membrane (p < 0.05) but did not induce significant changes in the stability of the lysosomal membrane. Cu targeted the mitochondria, leading to a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, all Cu treatments significantly increased the degree of DNA damage (p < 0.05). Cellular damage and a significant decline in cell viability were observed when the Cu exposure concentration reached 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L (p < 0.05). Our study provides new insights into the cytotoxicity mechanisms triggered by Cu in hemocytes of the freshwater bivalve A. woodiana, even under environmentally relevant conditions of 0.01 mg/L exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Yan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Xiubao Chen
- Laboratory of Fishery Microchemistry, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Laboratory of Fishery Microchemistry, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Junren Xue
- Laboratory of Fishery Microchemistry, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Karsten Liber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Laboratory of Fishery Microchemistry, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Laboratory of Fishery Microchemistry, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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Wu G, Wang H, Huang L, Yan J, Chen X, Zhu H, Wu Y, Liu S, Shen X, Liu W, Liu X, Zhang H. Copper hexacyanoferrate/carbon sheet combination with high selectivity and capacity for copper removal by pseudocapacitance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:993-1002. [PMID: 38224631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The efficient capture of copper ions (Cu2+) in wastewater has dual significance in pollution control and resource recovery. Prussian blue analog (PBA)-based pseudocapacitive materials with open frameworks and abundant metal sites have attracted considerable attention as capacitive deionization (CDI) electrodes for copper removal. In this study, the efficiency of copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) as CDI electrode for Cu2+ treating was evaluated for the first time upon the successful synthesis of copper hexacyanoferrate/carbon sheet combination (CuHCF/C) by introducing carbon sheet as conductive substrate. CuHCF/C exhibited significant pseudocapacitance and high specific capacitance (52.92 F g-1) through the intercalation, deintercalation, and coupling of Cu+/Cu2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ redox pairs. At 0.8 an applied voltage and CuSO4 feed liquid concentration of 100 mg L-1, the salt adsorption capacity was 134.47 mg g-1 higher than those of most reported electrodes. Moreover, CuHCF/C demonstrated excellent Cu2+ selectivity in multi-ion coexisting solutions and in actual wastewater experiments. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to elucidate the mechanism. This study not only reveals the essence of Cu2+ deionization by PBAs pseudocapacitance with promising potential applications but also provides a new strategy for selecting efficient CDI electrodes for Cu2+ removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xuanxuan Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huabing Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shumei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaozhen Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Weiqi Liu
- International Department, The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, No.1 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Santhosh K, Kamala K, Ramasamy P, Musthafa MS, Almujri SS, Asdaq SMB, Sivaperumal P. Unveiling the silent threat: Heavy metal toxicity devastating impact on aquatic organisms and DNA damage. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116139. [PMID: 38367585 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has significant impacts on aquatic fauna and flora. It accumulates in marine organisms, both plants and animals, which are then consumed by humans. This can lead to various health problems, such as organ damage and the development of cancer. Additionally, this pollution causes biological magnification, where the toxicity concentration gradually increases as aquatic organisms continuously accumulate metals. This process results in apoptotic mechanisms, antioxidant defence, and inflammation, which are reflected at the gene expression level. However, there is limited research on specific heavy metals and their effects on fish organs. The concentration of metal contamination and accumulation in different tropical environments is a concern due to their toxicity to living organisms. Therefore, this review focuses on determining the influences of metals on fish and their effects on specific organs, including DNA alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Santhosh
- Marine Biomedical Research Lab & Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Kamala
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India; Centre for Marine Research and Conservation, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Pasiyappazham Ramasamy
- Marine Biomedical Research Lab & Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Marine Research and Conservation, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 014, India
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Pitchiah Sivaperumal
- Marine Biomedical Research Lab & Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Marine Research and Conservation, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India.
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Liu P, Liu Y, Cheng J, Xia Y, Yang Y. Copper exposure causes alteration in the intestinal microbiota and metabolites in Takifugu rubripes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116064. [PMID: 38340599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Copper is an environmental pollutant, and copper in aquatic environments mainly comes from soil and water. It enters the environment through atmospheric deposition, sewage discharge, and industrial production, and enters aquatic organisms, causing toxicity. Takifugu rubripes (T. rubripes) is a marine fish with high economic value. Due to the toxic effects of heavy metals on aquatic organisms such as fish, it can affect the gut community and metabolites of fish. The gut is an important channel for fish to communicate with the outside world and a necessary pathway for the metabolism of nutrients and toxic substances in the fish body. Studies have shown that due to changes in global water emissions and the high sensitivity of aquatic organisms to the environment, copper may pose greater potential hazards to aquatic organisms. Copper poses a greater risk to aquatic species than other heavy metals and metal/metal like pollutants (such as cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, etc.) . In order to elucidate the effects of copper exposure on the gut of T. rubripes. In this study, we exposed T. rubripes to 0, 50, 100, or 500 μg/L of copper for three days, the effects of copper exposure on the gut microbiota structure and metabolites of the T. rubripes were investigated using 16 S rRNA gene and metabolomics techniques. The research results indicate that with the increase copper concentration, the intestinal tissue of T. rubripes undergoes significant damage. 16 S rRNA sequencing results show that copper exposure alters the structure and metabolites of intestinal microbiota. Copper exposure of 100 and 500 μg/L inhibited the colonization of the bacterial gut, disrupted the intestinal barrier, and made the fish susceptible to the pathogens. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that copper regulated the production of metabolites such as L-histidine, arachidonic acid, and L-glutamic acid, which are related to energy and immunity. Microbiome-metabolome correlation analysis showed that Subdoligranulum, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were the key bacteria for copper ion intervention, and they might up-regulate the levels of metabolites such as indole-3-acetic acid, 3-indoleacrylic acid, and 5-hydroxyindole in the tryptophan metabolism pathway. In summary, our research has demonstrated that copper exposure can cause pathological changes in the intestinal tissue of the T. rubripes. High concentrations of copper ions can affect the colonization of the T. rubripes microbiota in the intestine, damage the fish's immune system, and alter the structure and metabolites of the intestinal microbiota, this can lead to intestinal metabolic dysfunction. providing a reference for the evaluation of the biological toxicity effects of heavy metal elements in the marine environment. This study provides a reference for evaluating the biological toxicity effects of heavy metal elements in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of Education, 116023, China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yanyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of Education, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of Education, 116023, China; College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yuqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of Education, 116023, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (Dalian Ocean University) Ministry of Education, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Takemura Mariano MV, Paganotto Leandro L, Gomes KK, Dos Santos AB, de Rosso VO, Dafre AL, Farina M, Posser T, Franco JL. Assessing the disparity: comparative toxicity of Copper in zebrafish larvae exposes alarming consequences of permissible concentrations in Brazil. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:166-184. [PMID: 38073470 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2290630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a naturally occurring metal with essential micronutrient properties. However, this metal might also pose increased adverse environmental and health risks due to industrial and agricultural activities. In Brazil, the maximum allowable concentration of Cu in drinking water is 2 mg/L. Despite this standard, the impact of such concentrations on aquatic organisms remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of CuSO4 using larval zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae at 72 hr post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to nominal CuSO4 concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 48 mg/L to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50), established at 8.4 mg/L. Subsequently, non-lethal concentrations of 0.16, 0.32, or 1.6 mg/L were selected for assessing CuSO4 -induced toxicity. Morphological parameters, including body length, yolk sac area, and swim bladder area, were adversely affected by CuSO4 exposure, particularly at 1.6 mg/L (3.31 mm ±0.1, 0.192 mm2 ±0.01, and 0.01 mm2 ±0.05, respectively). In contrast, the control group exhibited values of 3.62 mm ±0.09, 0.136 mm2 ±0.013, and 0.3 mm2 ±0.06, respectively. Behavioral assays demonstrated impairments in escape response and swimming capacity, accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. In addition, decreased levels of non-protein thiols and reduced cellular viability were noted. Data demonstrated that exposure to CuSO4 at similar concentrations as those permitted in Brazil for Cu adversely altered morphological, biochemical, and behavioral endpoints in zebrafish larvae. This study suggests that the permissible Cu concentrations in Brazil need to be reevaluated, given the potential enhanced adverse health risks of exposure to environmental metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vitória Takemura Mariano
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Luana Paganotto Leandro
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Karen Kich Gomes
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Dos Santos
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Vitor Oliveira de Rosso
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thaís Posser
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
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Wang C, Wang L, Yang L, Gao C, Wang B, Shu Y, Wang H, Yan Y. Protective effects of berberine in chronic copper-induced liver and gill injury in freshwater grouper (Acrossocheilus fasciatus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115672. [PMID: 37951092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
This experiment aimed to investigate the protective effects of berberine on copper-induced liver and gill toxicities in freshwater grouper (Acrossocheilus fasciatus). Fish (initial weight 1.56 ± 0.10 g) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks (80 L, 20 fish per tank) and divided into four experimental groups: The control group, exposed to 0.02 mg/L Cu2+ (Cu group), exposed to 0.02 mg/L Cu2+ and fed 100 mg/kg berberine (BBR100 group), and exposed to 0.02 mg/L Cu2+ and fed 400 mg/kg berberine (BBR400 group). After a 30-day experiment, the results showed that berberine significantly increased the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver, gills, and serum inhibited by Cu2+ exposure (P < 0.05). Berberine inclusion significantly decreased the activities of lysozyme and acid phosphatase, as well as the content of immunoglobulin M compared to the Cu group (P < 0.05). Berberine significantly suppressed the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 signaling transducer, and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 in the liver and gills induced by Cu2+ exposure while downregulating the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor β1. Additionally, berberine significantly reduced the activities of the liver injury markers alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, as well as alleviated the histopathological damage in the liver and gills caused by Cu2+ exposure. In summary, berberine enhanced antioxidant capacity, mitigated inflammation, and exerted significant protective effects on liver and gill damage in freshwater grouper under Cu2+ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Leqi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yilin Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yunzhi Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, Wuhu 241002, China.
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Pinto R, Zanette J. Integrative ecotoxicity evaluation of Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni in aquatic animals reveals high tolerance of Artemia franciscana. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140059. [PMID: 37673183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pose a significant threat to animals in aquatic environments due to the adverse effects they exert. Species of the genus Artemia have been described as heavy metal tolerant, but the sensitivity/tolerance range for these species has not been established. In the present study, the toxicity of Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni as reported in the ECOTOX and Web of Science databases was examined for Artemia franciscana and compared with other species and taxonomic groups using an integrative ecotoxicity evaluation. The hazard concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) of acute toxicity tests (24-96 h), obtained through a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) indicated that Cu (0.02 mg/L) and Cd (0.03 mg/L) were the metals with the highest toxicity to aquatic animals followed by Zn (0.15 mg/L) and Ni (0.23 mg/L). In addition to the higher hazard of Cu and Cd to aquatic animals, the comparison of acute LC50 values for A. franciscana indicates lower toxicity of Cd followed by Cu, Zn, and Ni (200.0, 14.5, 9.5, and 0.6 mg/L, respectively). Using the SSD and physiological sensitivity (S) approaches, it was demonstrated that A. franciscana is relatively tolerant to Cd (SSD= HC99; S = 2.21), Cu (SSD= HC97; S = 2.00), Zn (SSD= HC90; S = 1.29) and Ni (SSD= HC83; S = 0.96) compared with other species and taxonomic groups. It appears that tolerance to the metals Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni is unique to the family Artemiidae within the order Anostraca, as the families Streptocephalidae and Thamnocephalidae are not tolerant (have negative S values). Our study confirmed that as expected, A. franciscana presents higher tolerance to Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni than other aquatic animals. Our findings confirm that A. franciscana can be used as a model organism to understand mechanisms involved in tolerance to heavy metals, mainly Cd and Cu, which are considered highly toxic to other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pinto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Zanette
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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10
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Ale A, Bacchetta C, Mora MC, Municoy S, Antezana PE, Desimone MF, Cazenave J. Nanosilica and copper ecotoxicity in Gambusia holbrooki fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104313. [PMID: 37972914 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
When silica nanoparticles (SiNP) reach the water bodies interact with the already existing pollutants in the environments. This study aimed to evaluate the ecotoxicity of SiNP under the presence/absence of Cu in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Fish were exposed to 0, 10 and 100 mg SiNP L-1, alone or mixed with Cu (0.25 mg L-1). After 96 h, the amount of colony forming units (CFU) of bacteria living on the skin mucus was analysed, and oxidative stress, tissue damage enzymes, and neurotoxicity were evaluated. We observed a reduction in CFU when Cu was present in the media. The liver was the target organ, evidencing a decrease in tissue damage enzymatic activities, activation of the antioxidant system in all treatments, and lipid oxidative damage when the SiNP and Cu were mixed. Overall, SiNP ecotoxicity was proved, which could also be enhanced by the presence of ubiquitous elements such as metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Ale
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI), CONICET, UNL. Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carla Bacchetta
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI), CONICET, UNL. Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María C Mora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI), CONICET, UNL. Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sofía Municoy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA, CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo E Antezana
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA, CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín F Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA, CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Cazenave
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI), CONICET, UNL. Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, UNL. Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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11
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Wang C, Jeong H, Lee JS, Maszczyk P, Sayed AEDH, Hwang UK, Kim HS, Lee JS, Byeon E. Physiological effects and molecular response in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis after combined exposure to nanoplastics and copper. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115332. [PMID: 37527615 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Because nanoplastics (NPs) can transport pollutants, the absorption of surrounding pollutants into NPs and their effects are important environmental issues. This study shows a combined effect of high concentrations of NPs and copper (Cu) in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Co-exposure decreased the growth rate, reproduction, and lifespan. The highest level of NP ingestion was detected in the co-treated group, but the Cu concentration was higher in the Cu single-exposure group. ERK activation played a key role in the downstream cell signaling pathway activated by the interaction of NPs and Cu. The increased sensitivity of B. plicatilis to Cu could be due to the impairment of MXR function caused by a high concentration of NPs, which supports our in vivo experiment results. Our results show that exposure to NPs could induce the dysfunction of several critical molecular responses, weakening resistance to Cu and thereby increasing its physiological toxicity in B. plicatilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Haksoo Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Tidal Flat Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gunsan 54001, South Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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12
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Ma S, Liu Y, Zhao C, Chu P, Yin S, Wang T. Copper induced intestinal inflammation response through oxidative stress induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in Takifugu fasciatus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106634. [PMID: 37453186 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) pollution in aquaculture water has seriously threatened the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Recently, many researchers have studied the toxic effects of Cu exposure on fish. However, the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the inflammatory response, as well as its possible mechanisms, remain unclear. Particularly, information related to fish intestines must be expanded. Our study initially investigated the mechanisms underlying intestinal toxicity and inflammation resulting from Cu-induced ERS in vivo and in vitro in Takifugu fasciatus. In vivo study, T. fasciatus were treated with different concentrations (control, 20, and 100 µg/L) of Cu exposure for 28 days, causing intestinal oxidative stress, ERS, inflammatory responses, and histopathological and ultrastructural damage. Transcriptomic data further showed that Cu exposure caused ERS, as well as inflammatory responses, in the intestinal tracts of T. fasciatus. In vitro experiments on the intestinal cells of T. fasciatus showed that Cu exposure treatment (7.5 µg/mL) for 24 h induced ERS and increased mitochondrial numbers and inflammatory responses. In contrast, the addition of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) alleviated ERS and inflammatory response in the Cu-exposed group. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), effectively alleviated Cu-induced ERS. In conclusion, our in vivo and in vitro studies have confirmed that oxidative stress triggers the ERS pathway, which is involved in the intestinal inflammatory response. Our study provides new insights into the relationship among Cu-induced oxidative stress, ERS, and inflammatory responses in fish, as well as for the healthy culture of fish in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ma
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Peng Chu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
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13
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Feng C, Huang W, Qiao Y, Liu D, Li H. Research Progress and New Ideas on the Theory and Methodology of Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms. TOXICS 2023; 11:557. [PMID: 37505523 PMCID: PMC10386067 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Water quality criteria (WQC) for the protection of aquatic organisms mainly focus on the maximum threshold values of the pollutants that do not have harmful effects on aquatic organisms. The WQC value is the result obtained based on scientific experiments in the laboratory and data fitting extrapolation and is the limit of the threshold value of pollutants or other harmful factors in the water environment. Until now, many studies have been carried out on WQC for the protection of aquatic organisms internationally, and several countries have also issued their own relevant technical guidelines. Thus, the WQC method for the protection of aquatic organisms has been basically formed, with species sensitivity distribution (SSD) as the main method and the assessment factor (AF) as the auxiliary method. In addition, in terms of the case studies on WQC, many scholars have conducted relevant case studies on various pollutants. At the national level, several countries have also released WQC values for typical pollutants. This study systematically discusses the general situation, theoretical methodology and research progress of WQC for the protection of aquatic organisms, and deeply analyzes the key scientific issues that need to be considered in the research of WQC. Furthermore, combined with the specific characteristics of the emerging pollutants, some new ideas and directions for future WQC research for the protection of aquatic organisms are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Daqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huixian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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14
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Peng J, Dai X, Fan H, Xing C, Zhuang Y, Gao X, Cao H, Hu G, Yang F. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes participate mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by copper in duck kidney. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27924-z. [PMID: 37253910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) can be harmful to host physiology at high levels, although it is still unclear exactly how it causes nephrotoxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are associated with heavy metal intoxication. Meanwhile, mitochondria and ER are connected via mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAM). In order to reveal the crosstalk between them, a total of 144 1-day-old Peking ducks were randomly divided into four groups: control (basal diet), 100 mg/kg Cu, 200 mg/kg Cu, and 400 mg/kg Cu groups. Results found that excessive Cu disrupted MAM integrity, reduced the co-localization of IP3R and VDAC1, and significantly changed the MAM-related factors levels (Grp75, Mfn2, IP3R, MCU, PACS2, and VDAC1), leading to MAM dysfunction. We further found that Cu exposure induced mitochondrial dysfunction via decreasing the ATP level and the expression levels of COX4, TOM20, SIRT1, and OPA1 and up-regulating Parkin expression level. Meanwhile, Cu exposure dramatically increased the expression levels of Grp78, CRT, and ATF4, resulting in ER stress. Overall, these findings demonstrated MAM plays the critical role in Cu-induced kidney mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, which deepened our understanding of Cu-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Economic and Technological Development District, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Dai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Economic and Technological Development District, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Economic and Technological Development District, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghong Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Economic and Technological Development District, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Economic and Technological Development District, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Gao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Economic and Technological Development District, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Economic and Technological Development District, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Economic and Technological Development District, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Economic and Technological Development District, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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