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Catandi GD, Fresa KJ, Cheng MH, Whitcomb LA, Broeckling CD, Chen TW, Chicco AJ, Carnevale EM. Follicular metabolic alterations are associated with obesity in mares and can be mitigated by dietary supplementation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7571. [PMID: 38555310 PMCID: PMC10981747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing concern in human and equine populations, predisposing to metabolic pathologies and reproductive disturbances. Cellular lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction play an important role in the pathologic consequences of obesity, which may be mitigated by dietary interventions targeting these processes. We hypothesized that obesity in the mare promotes follicular lipid accumulation and altered mitochondrial function of oocytes and granulosa cells, potentially contributing to impaired fertility in this population. We also predicted that these effects could be mitigated by dietary supplementation with a combination of targeted nutrients to improve follicular cell metabolism. Twenty mares were grouped as: Normal Weight [NW, n = 6, body condition score (BCS) 5.7 ± 0.3], Obese (OB, n = 7, BCS 7.7 ± 0.2), and Obese Diet Supplemented (OBD, n = 7, BCS 7.7 ± 0.2), and fed specific feed regimens for ≥ 6 weeks before sampling. Granulosa cells, follicular fluid, and cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from follicles ≥ 35 mm during estrus and after induction of maturation. Obesity promoted several mitochondrial metabolic disturbances in granulosa cells, reduced L-carnitine availability in the follicle, promoted lipid accumulation in cumulus cells and oocytes, and increased basal oocyte metabolism. Diet supplementation of a complex nutrient mixture mitigated most of the metabolic changes in the follicles of obese mares, resulting in parameters similar to NW mares. In conclusion, obesity disturbs the equine ovarian follicle by promoting lipid accumulation and altering mitochondrial function. These effects may be partially mitigated with targeted nutritional intervention, thereby potentially improving fertility outcomes in the obese female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana D Catandi
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3101 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Kyle J Fresa
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3101 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ming-Hao Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Luke A Whitcomb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Corey D Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Thomas W Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3101 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Hallman I, Karikoski N, Kareskoski M. The effects of obesity and insulin dysregulation on mare reproduction, pregnancy, and foal health: a review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1180622. [PMID: 37152686 PMCID: PMC10158983 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1180622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing welfare concern in modern equine populations and predisposes horses to disturbances in energy metabolism such as insulin dysregulation. However, equine metabolic syndrome has only been recognized in recent decades. Functioning energy metabolism is pivotal to normal body homeostasis and affects essentially all organ systems, including reproduction. Previous literature suggests that obesity has an effect not only on the reproductive processes in mares but also on offspring health, predisposing the offspring to later-onset orthopedic and metabolic problems. This review focuses on the effects of obesity, insulin dysregulation and hyperinsulinemia on the reproductive functions of mares and the implications on foal health before and after birth. The points of interest are the cyclicity and ovarian function, uterine environment, gestation, the postpartum period, and the newborn foal. The aim is to review the current state of knowledge, and identify outstanding questions that could stimulate future research. This topic is important not only from the equine industry and production perspective but is also relevant for the welfare of future populations and individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Hallman
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Isa Hallman,
| | - Ninja Karikoski
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Kareskoski
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Harvey AM, Ramp D, Mellor DJ. Review of the Foundational Knowledge Required for Assessing Horse Welfare. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233385. [PMID: 36496906 PMCID: PMC9736110 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of what is usual for a species under optimal conditions is critical for identifying and interpreting different features of body function that have known impacts on animal welfare and its assessment. When applying the Five Domains Model to assess animal welfare, the key starting point is therefore to acquire extensive species-specific knowledge relevant to each of the four physical/functional Domains of the Model. These Domains, 1 to 4, address areas where objective information is evaluated and collated. They are: (1) Nutrition; (2) Physical environment; (3) Health; and (4) Behavioural interactions. It is on the basis of this detailed knowledge that cautious inferences can then be made about welfare-relevant mental experiences animals may have, aligned with Domain 5, Mental State. However, this review is focused entirely on the first four Domains in order to provide a novel holistic framework to collate the multidisciplinary knowledge of horses required for undertaking comprehensive welfare assessments. Thus, inferring the potential mental experiences aligned with Domain 5, the final step in model-based welfare assessments, is not considered here. Finally, providing extensive information on free-roaming horses enables a better understanding of the impacts of human interventions on the welfare of horses in both free-roaming and domestic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Harvey
- Centre for Compassionate Conservation, TD School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Ramp
- Centre for Compassionate Conservation, TD School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - David J. Mellor
- Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Satué K, Fazio E, Muñoz A, Medica P. Successful Pregnancy Outcome in Mares: The Potential Role of Body Conditional Score, Age and Biochemical Parameter's Adjustments. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 115:104023. [PMID: 35643379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the changes in body condition score (BCS), age and the main biochemical parameters in pregnant Spanish Purebred mares. A total of 45 pregnant Spanish broodmares has been studied, classified in three different groups: group A (n = 15), aging 14-18 years old and BCS lower than 4 of 10, group B (n = 15), with ages of 4 to 8 years and a BCS of 5-6/10, and group C (n = 15), aging between 6 and 11 years and a BCS of 8 of 10. Three pregnancy periods were considered: the 1st period, from the 1st to the 3rd, the 2nd from the 4th to the 6th, and the last period, from the 7th month of pregnancy to delivery. Blood samples were taken every month along the pregnancy. The following plasma biochemical parameters were measured: triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total, direct and indirect bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total plasma proteins, albumin, glucose, urea and creatinine. Pregnancy in the Spanish broodmare induced hyperlipidemia with hypertriglyceridemia and increased plasma concentrations of total, direct and indirect bilirubin (P < .05). Older pregnant mares showed biochemical changes probably consistent with decreased organ functionality (P < .05). Obesity did not influence lipidic metabolism during pregnancy (P > .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Satué
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Esterina Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Messina University, Messina, Italy
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Vaz RZ, Cerdótes L, Nuñez AJC, Sartori DBS, Pacheco RF, da Silva HR, Bethancourt-Garcia JA, Restle J. Body mass index at calving on performance and efficiency of Charolais cow herds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:168. [PMID: 35449373 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the productive and reproductive performance of Charolais cows with different body mass index (BMI) at calving and the development of their calves. Seventy-two Charolais cows and their calves were grouped into BMI classes at calving, namely, low, moderate, and high. Body mass index was determined by dividing the cows' body weight by their body length and hip height and finally dividing the result by 10. Cows and their calves were weighed immediately after calving, at early weaning (63-day postpartum), and at pregnancy diagnosis (210-day postpartum). To evaluate milk production and quality, collections were performed at 21, 42, and 63 days after calving. Cows with high and moderate BMI were heavier (P < 0.05) than low-BMI cows from calving to the date of pregnancy diagnosis. Calves from low-BMI cows were heavier (P < 0.05) at 210-day postpartum than those born to cows with moderate and high BMI. The low- and moderate-BMI cows had higher pregnancy rates than those with a high BMI and were more efficient (P < 0.05) at calving and at weaning in kilograms of calf produced per kilogram of cow kept in the herd. High- and moderate-BMI cows had the highest milk production, whereas low-BMI cows produced milk with the highest concentrations of lactose and solids-not-fat (P < 0.05). Charolais cows with low and moderate BMI at calving are more efficient in production systems. The BMI may be considered a selection variable to improve the productive results of breeding herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Zambarda Vaz
- Animal Science Department and Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil.
| | - Liliane Cerdótes
- Animal Science Department, Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Santa Rosa Do Sul, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Dayana Bernardi Sarzi Sartori
- Animal Science Department and Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Hítalo Rodrigues da Silva
- Animal Science Department and Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil
| | | | - João Restle
- Postgraduate Program in Zootechnics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Drews B, Milojevic V, Robles M, Wimel L, Dubois C, Vegas AR, Giller K, Chavatte-Palmer P, Daniel H, Giesbertz P, Bruckmaier R, Ulbrich SE. Moderate differences in plasma leptin in mares have no effect on either the amino acid or the fatty acid composition of the uterine fluid. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 109:103827. [PMID: 34843890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Female mammalian reproductive functions are closely linked to body condition and metabolic status. Energy homeostasis is regulated by endocrine hormones such as insulin, IGF-I, leptin and adiponectin via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. These metabolic hormones and their receptors are also expressed in reproductive tissues and the embryo. We investigated the relationship between circulating leptin and the fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AA) composition of the equine uterine fluid (UF) and peripheral blood plasma (BP) by using a mass spectrometry-based approach. UF and BP were collected from ten broodmares on days 6 and 7 post ovulation, respectively. The mares were retrospectively assigned to two groups according to their BP leptin concentrations (high leptin (> 1.6 ng/ml) versus low leptin (<0.8 ng/ml)). Specific AA and FA compositions for BP and UF were found with different levels of respective metabolite abundances. The main FAs in BP were stearic, palmitic and linoleic acid. In UF, the three most abundant FAs were eicosapentaenoic, arachidonic and stearic acid. The AA profile of BP was dominated by glycine, glutamine, serine and alanine, which were likewise among the highly abundant AAs in UF. In UF, glutamic acid had by far the highest concentration. Therefore, BP leptin concentration within a physiological range do not seem to affect the specific FA nor the AA composition of the UF. The composition of the UF may therefore be mediated by local rather than by peripheral metabolic hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drews
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Vladimir Milojevic
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Robles
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - L Wimel
- IFCE, Station expérimentale de la Valade, 19370 Chamberet, France.
| | - C Dubois
- IFCE, Station expérimentale de la Valade, 19370 Chamberet, France.
| | - A Rudolf Vegas
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Giller
- ETH Zurich, Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - P Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - H Daniel
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - P Giesbertz
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
| | - Rupert Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - S E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Robles M, Hammer C, Staniar B, Chavatte-Palmer P. Nutrition of Broodmares. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:177-205. [PMID: 33820606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Forage availability should cover most needs for mares bred during spring and summer. Out-of-season breeding, lack of access to pasture, or good quality forage calls for nutritional supplementation. Current evaluations of broodmare needs are based on fetoplacental tissue requirements, but do not consider endocrine changes or that the maternal diet quality affects long-term foal health. This article reviews pregnant mares' current nutritional recommendations. Secondly, fetoplacental developmental stages during gestation are outlined, defining critical periods in the context of the developmental origins of health and disease. Last, examples of how maternal nutrition affects long-term foal health are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Robles
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier, 532 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 1B7; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France.
| | - Carolyn Hammer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1300 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Burt Staniar
- Penn State University, 316 Agricultural Sciences & Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
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Ferreira J, Guilhermino M, Leite JM, Chaves D, do Vale A, Silveira R, Costa W, Facó O, Façanha D. Body condition score and age do not affect the physiological responses, thyroid hormones, hematological or serum biochemical parameters for tropical ewes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1628393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josiel Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | - Jacinara Morais Leite
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | - André do Vale
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | - Wirton Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Olivardo Facó
- Embrapa Goats and Sheep (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária), Sobral, Brazil
| | - Débora Façanha
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region, Mossoró, Brazil
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Drews B, Milojevic V, Giller K, Ulbrich S. Fatty acid profile of blood plasma and oviduct and uterine fluid during early and late luteal phase in the horse. Theriogenology 2018; 114:258-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Robles M, Nouveau E, Gautier C, Mendoza L, Dubois C, Dahirel M, Lagofun B, Aubrière MC, Lejeune JP, Caudron I, Guenon I, Viguié C, Wimel L, Bouraima-Lelong H, Serteyn D, Couturier-Tarrade A, Chavatte-Palmer P. Maternal obesity increases insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and osteochondrosis lesions in foals and yearlings until 18 months of age. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190309. [PMID: 29373573 PMCID: PMC5786290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a growing concern in horses. The effects of maternal obesity on maternal metabolism and low-grade inflammation during pregnancy, as well as offspring growth, metabolism, low-grade inflammation, testicular maturation and osteochondrotic lesions until 18 months of age were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four mares were used and separated into two groups at insemination according to body condition score (BCS): Normal (N, n = 10, BCS ≤4) and Obese (O, n = 14, BCS ≥4.25). BCS and plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, urea, non-esterified fatty acid, serum amyloid A (SAA), leptin and adiponectin concentrations were monitored throughout gestation. At 300 days of gestation, a Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (FSIGT) was performed. After parturition, foals' weight and size were monitored until 18 months of age with plasma SAA, leptin, adiponectin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol concentrations measured at regular intervals. At 6, 12 and 18 months of age, FSIGT and osteoarticular examinations were performed. Males were gelded at one year and expression of genes involved in testicular maturation analysed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Throughout the experiment, maternal BCS was higher in O versus N mares. During gestation, plasma urea and adiponectin were decreased and SAA and leptin increased in O versus N mares. O mares were also more insulin resistant than N mares with a higher glucose effectiveness. Postnatally, there was no difference in offspring growth between groups. Nevertheless, plasma SAA concentrations were increased in O versus N foals until 6 months, with O foals being consistently more insulin resistant with a higher glucose effectiveness. At 12 months of age, O foals were significantly more affected by osteochondrosis than N foals. All other parameters were not different between groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, maternal obesity altered metabolism and increased low-grade inflammation in both dams and foals. The risk of developing osteochondrosis at 12 months of age was also higher in foals born to obese dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Robles
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - E. Nouveau
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - C. Gautier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA2608, OeReCa, USC-INRA, Caen, France
| | - L. Mendoza
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - C. Dubois
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, Chamberet, France
| | - M. Dahirel
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - B. Lagofun
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - M-C Aubrière
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - J-P Lejeune
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - I. Caudron
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - I. Guenon
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA2608, OeReCa, USC-INRA, Caen, France
| | - C. Viguié
- INRA, UMR Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
| | - L. Wimel
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, Chamberet, France
| | | | - D. Serteyn
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Clothier J, Hinch G, Brown W, Small A. Equine gestational length and location: is there more that the research could be telling us? Aust Vet J 2017; 95:454-461. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Clothier
- CSIRO Agriculture, FD McMaster Laboratory; New England Highway; Armidale New South Wales Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences; University of New England; NSW Australia
| | - G Hinch
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences; University of New England; NSW Australia
| | - W Brown
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences; University of New England; NSW Australia
| | - A Small
- CSIRO Agriculture, FD McMaster Laboratory; New England Highway; Armidale New South Wales Australia
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12
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13
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The PGF 2α agonists luprostiol and d -cloprostenol reliably induce luteolysis in luteal phase mares without evoking clinical side effects or a stress response. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 168:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Characterization of the estrous cycle of Asinina de Miranda jennies (Equus asinus). Theriogenology 2014; 83:616-24. [PMID: 25467767 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to characterize the estrous cycle of Asinina de Miranda jennies in the breeding season, on the basis of data collected from serial ultrasonographic examination and serum progesterone determinations in 14 females during a total of 33 cycles. The length of the interovulatory interval was 23.8 ± 0.55 days, the diestrus and estrus lasting 17.9 ± 0.46 days and 6.65 ± 0.30 days, respectively. Age and body condition score (BCS) affected the length of the interovulatory intervals; BCS also influenced the diestrus length and the time in heat after ovulation (P > 0.05). The incidence of single, double, and triple ovulations was 57.58%, 36.36%, and 6.06%, respectively. Multiple ovulations affected neither the length of the interovulatory interval nor the individual cycle stages (P > 0.05) but lengthened the interval from the beginning of estrus to the last ovulation (P = 0.01). When combined with age, higher BCS affected the ovulation rate (P = 0.001). Deviation of the dominant follicle occurred around Day 8.7 (Day 0 = ovulation) when both single and multiple ovulations were considered. The dominant follicle was larger at divergence in single ovulators (19.18 ± 0.97 mm) compared with that in multiple ovulators (18.05 ± 1.16 mm). The overall maximum follicular diameter before ovulation was smaller in multiple ovulatory cycles than that in single ovulatory cycles (37.2 ± 0.83 mm vs. 40.2 ± 1.41 mm, respectively; P = 0.03). The daily growth rate of dominant follicles was independent of the ovulation rate (P > 0.05) for the intervals before and after the estrus onset. The dominant follicle size and the follicle growth rates were independent of BCS (P > 0.05). Data collected in this study revealed resemblances between Mirandese and other Iberian and Brazilian breeds with regard to estrous cycle characteristics.
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