1
|
Becerro-Rey L, Martín-Cano FE, Ferrusola CO, Rodríguez-Martínez H, Gaitskell-Phillips G, da Silva-Álvarez E, Silva-Rodríguez A, Gil MC, Peña FJ. Aging of stallion spermatozoa stored in vitro is delayed at 22°C using a 67 mm glucose-10 mm pyruvate-based media. Andrology 2024; 12:1170-1185. [PMID: 38041502 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most commerce of equine seminal doses is carried out using commercial extenders under refrigeration at 5°C. OBJECTIVES To determine if 10 mm pyruvate in a 67 mm glucose extender and storage at 22°C could be the basis of an alternative storage method to cooling to 5°C. MATERIAL AND METHODS Stallion ejaculates were extendedin: INRA96 (67 mm glucose, non-pyruvate control), modified Tyrode's (67 mm glucose-10 mm pyruvate), supplemented with 0, 10, 50, and 100 μM itaconate. As itaconate was vehiculated in DMSO, a control vehicle was also included. Sperm motility, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and production of reactive oxygen species were measured after collection and again after 48 and 96 h of storage at 22°C. To disclose molecular metabolic changes, spermatozoa were incubated up to 3 h in modified Tyrode's 67 mm glucose-10 mm pyruvate and modified Tyrode's 67 mm glucose, and metabolic analysis conducted. RESULTS After 96 h of storage aliquots stored in the control, INRA96 had a very poor total motility of 5.6% ± 2.3%, while in the 67 mm glucose-10 mm pyruvate/10 μm itaconate extender, total motility was 34.7% ± 3.8% (p = 0.0066). After 96 h, viability was better in most pyruvate-based media, and the mitochondrial membrane potential in spermatozoa extended in INRA96 was relatively lower (p < 0.0001). Metabolomics revealed that in the spermatozoa incubated in the high pyruvate media, there was an increase in the relative amounts of NAD+, pyruvate, lactate, and ATP. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Aliquots stored in a 67 mm glucose-10 mm pyruvate-based medium supplemented with 10 μM itaconate, maintained a 35% total motility after 96 h of storage at 22°C, which is considered the minimum acceptable motility for commercialization. Improvements may be related to the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and regeneration of NAD+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Becerro-Rey
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco Eduardo Martín-Cano
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Cristina Ortega Ferrusola
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Heriberto Rodríguez-Martínez
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Obstetrics & Gynaecology (BKH), University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gemma Gaitskell-Phillips
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Eva da Silva-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Silva-Rodríguez
- Facility of Innovation and Analysis in Animal Source Foodstuffs, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - María Cruz Gil
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fernando J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palacios P, Peláez G, Soria M, Méndez S, Galarza-Álvarez L, Dorado J, Santiago-Moreno J, Galarza DA. l-carnitine enhances the kinematics and protects the sperm membranes of chilled and frozen-thawed Peruvian Paso horse spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104884. [PMID: 38460835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
l-carnitine (LC) transports fatty acids to the mitochondria for energy production, reducing lipid availability for peroxidation through β-oxidation. This research examines the effect of LC supplementation to two skimmed milk-based extenders on the cryosurvival of chilled (5°C) and frozen-thawed Peruvian Paso horse spermatozoa .An initial experiment determined the optimal LC concentration (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mM) when added to INRA-96® and UHT (skimmed milk + 6% egg yolk) extenders, using nine ejaculates from three stallions chilled for up to 96 h. Subsequently, the effect of 25 mM LC supplementation (the optimal concentration) on chilling (INRA-96) and freezing (INRA-Freeze®) extenders was evaluated using eight pooled samples from sixteen ejaculates (2 ejaculates/pool) from four stallions. Results indicated that all LC concentrations produced significantly higher values (P<0.05) for kinematic variables (total [TM] and progressive motilities, curvilinear [VCL] and straight-line [VSL] velocity, and beat-cross frequency [BCF]), and the integrity of plasma/acrosome membranes (IPIA) compared to non-supplemented chilled sperm samples for up to 96 h with both extenders. Moreover, the use of 25 mM LC was more efficient (P<0.05) in preserving the post-chilled values of velocity, BCF, and IPIA for the long term than lower LC concentrations (1-10 mM). Post-thaw values of total motility, the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and IPIA were significantly improved (P<0.05) when INRA-Freeze extender was supplemented with 25 mM LC. In conclusion, supplementation of l-carnitine to skimmed milk-based extenders enhanced kinematic variables and protected the membrane integrity in chilled and frozen-thawed Peruvian Paso horse spermatozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Palacios
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, EC010205, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Peláez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, EC010205, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Soria
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, EC010205, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Silvana Méndez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, EC010205, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Luis Galarza-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, EC010205, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Jesús Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Diego A Galarza
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, EC010205, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jakop U, Hensel B, Czirják GÁ, Quirino M, Schröter F, Jung M, Schulze M. Bacterial killing activity and lysozymes: A stable defence mechanism in stallion seminal plasma? Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:73-80. [PMID: 36107117 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During insemination, bacterial contamination of the ejaculate can lead to reduced sperm quality and transmission of pathogens to the female, thus should be avoided. The semen of a variety of animal taxa possess antimicrobial properties against a wide range of bacterial species through antimicrobial molecules, such as lysozyme, but their variance and the factors influencing it are unknown for most species. In this study, the antibacterial defence (bacterial killing activity (BKA) against Escherichia (E.) coli and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus as well as lysozyme concentration) was studied in seminal fluid from two consecutive ejaculates of 18 stallions. All ejaculates showed BKA against the tested bacteria, which correlated between the two consecutive ejaculates (rS = 0.526, p = .025 for E. coli and rS = 0.656, p = .003 for S. aureus) and appeared to be stable over the tested period. The lysozyme concentration (LC) showed no significant correlation between the consecutive ejaculates (rS = 0.161, p = .681). However, LC had a positive correlation to the ratio of apoptotic spermatozoa within the ejaculates (rS = 0.426, p = .019). In contrast to other livestock (e.g., boar, bull), the BKA in stallion semen did not correlate significantly with the age of the animal nor sperm quality characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Jakop
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernau, Germany
| | - Britta Hensel
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernau, Germany
| | - Gábor Á Czirják
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monike Quirino
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Filip Schröter
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Bernau, Germany
| | - Markus Jung
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernau, Germany
| | - Martin Schulze
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morse-Wolfe B, Bleach E, Kershaw C. An Investigation of Equine Sperm Quality Following Cryopreservation at Low Sperm Concentration and Repeated Freeze-Thawing. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 120:104167. [PMID: 36464028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Stallion spermatozoa are typically cryopreserved at 200 to 300 million sperm/ml; however recent advances such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) requires only one spermatozoon, wasting many, after thawing a whole straw. Cryopreserving at concentrations less than the current standard or refreezing thawed spermatozoa could maximize the use of genetically valuable animals and reduce waste. This investigation aimed to identify if lowering the sperm concentration for cryopreservation affected post-thaw quality after one and two freeze-thaw cycles. Nine ejaculates were collected from three fertile, "good freezer" stallions (post-thaw motility ≥35%) for experiment 1. Each ejaculate was split into eight treatments: five, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 million sperm/ml and cryopreserved. Post-thaw: motility, viability, acrosome integrity and oxidative stress were assessed. Experiment 2, straws from experiment 1 (300 million sperm/ml) were thawed, diluted to 20 million sperm/ml or left undiluted (control) and refrozen. Post-thaw motility and viability were assessed. In experiment 1 sperm concentration did not affect post-thaw total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM) or viability at 50 to 400 million sperm/ml (P > .05). Whilst sperm concentrations of five to 20 million/ml did differ (post-thaw TM and PM). Both refreezing and reducing spermatozoa concentration, decreased TM, PM and viability (P < .05) after two freeze-thaw cycles. These results suggest cryopreserving at sperm concentrations as low as 50 million/ml maintains spermatozoa quality in good freezer stallions. Spermatozoa maintained some motility and viability when initially cryopreserved at 20 million sperm/ml and after two freeze-thaw cycles but research should investigate more optimal conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Morse-Wolfe
- Animal Science Department, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, UK; Stallion AI Services Ltd, Chapelfield Stud, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK.
| | - Emma Bleach
- Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, UK.
| | - Claire Kershaw
- Animal Health, Behaviour and Welfare Department, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Clulow J, Gibb Z. Liquid storage of stallion spermatozoa – Past, present and future. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 247:107088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Extend the Survival of Human Sperm In Vitro in Non-Freezing Conditions: Damage Mechanisms, Preservation Technologies, and Clinical Applications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182845. [PMID: 36139420 PMCID: PMC9496714 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation of human spermatozoa in vitro at normothermia or hypothermia maintaining their functions and fertility for several days plays a significant role in reproductive biology and medicine. However, it is well known that human spermatozoa left in vitro deteriorate over time irreversibly as the consequence of various stresses such as the change of osmolarity, energy deficiency, and oxidative damage, leading to substantial limitations including the need for semen examinations, fertility preservation, and assisted reproductive technology. These problems may be addressed with the aid of non-freezing storage techniques. The main and most effective preservation strategies are the partial or total replacement of seminal plasma with culture medium, named as extenders, and temperature-induced metabolic restriction. Semen extenders consist of buffers, osmolytes, and antioxidants, etc. to protect spermatozoa against the above-mentioned adverse factors. Extended preservation of human spermatozoa in vitro has a negative effect on sperm parameters, whereas its effect on ART outcomes remains inconsistent. The storage duration, temperature, and pre-treatment of semen should be determined according to the aims of preservation. Advanced techniques such as nanotechnology and omics have been introduced and show great potential in the lifespan extension of human sperm. It is certain that more patients will benefit from it in the near future. This review provided an overview of the current knowledge and prospects of prolonged non-freezing storage of human sperm in vitro.
Collapse
|
7
|
Coenzyme Q10 and Melatonin Protect Cryopreserved Equine Sperm Against Lipoperoxidation. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 243:107027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Takaesu N, Kanno C, Sugimoto K, Nagano M, Kaneko A, Indo Y, Imai H, Hirai H, Okamoto M, Sashika M, Shimozuru M, Katagiri S, Tsubota T, Yanagawa Y. Semen collection by urethral catheterization and electro-ejaculation with different voltages, and the effect of holding temperature and cooling rate before cryopreservation on semen quality in the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:429-438. [PMID: 35067494 PMCID: PMC8983288 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Japanese macaque, semen has been collected by electro-ejaculation (EE), using the higher voltage stimuli compared to other species including genus Macaca. Semen coagulate immediately after ejaculation, which makes difficult to produce high-quality semen for artificial insemination. Recently, semen collection using urethral catheterization (UC) has been reported in carnivore and this technique may allow semen collection without coagulation in a less invasive manner. Further, the temporal preservation temperature and cooling rate of semen during cryopreservation affect post thawing sperm quality. In this study, to improve semen quality and quantity, as well as the animal welfare, semen collection was performed by EE with high (5-15 V) or low (3-6 V) voltage, UC and a combination of the two (EE-UC). It has been suggested that a high voltage is necessary for semen collection, but 10 V stimulation was effective enough and 15 V is for additional sperm collection. Also, liquid semen was collected by EE-UC and this could increase the total number of sperm. Further, to improve the post thawing sperm motility, semen was kept at four temperatures (4, 15, 25 and 37˚C) for 60 min, and processed with two cooling procedures (slow cooling before second dilution and fast cooling after second dilution). Holding semen at 25˚C and fast cooling after the second dilution maintained progressive motile sperm rate. The present results will contribute to the improvement of semen collection and animal welfare of Japanese macaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Takaesu
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Chihiro Kanno
- Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine for Large Animal, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Kosuke Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | | | - Yoriko Indo
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University
| | - Hiroo Imai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University
| | | | | | - Mariko Sashika
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Michito Shimozuru
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Toshio Tsubota
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Factors Affecting the Survival of Ram Spermatozoa during Liquid Storage and Options for Improvement. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030244. [PMID: 35158568 PMCID: PMC8833663 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The success of semen preservation is vital for the use of artificial reproductive technologies in sheep. However, reduced temperatures can cause significant damage to the sperm cell. Recent investigations in other species have identified room-temperature liquid storage as a viable alternative if spermatozoa are protected from the increased risk of lipid peroxidation, a side effect of unaltered metabolism. The following review aims to summarise the factors which contribute to the survival of ram spermatozoa during liquid storage and the role of pro-survival factors and antioxidants in helping to ameliorate the damaging effects caused by lipid peroxidation on fertility. This would contribute towards establishing a new method of semen preservation for the sheep industry which maximises fertility following storage and artificial insemination. Abstract Semen preservation is an essential component of reproductive technologies, as it promotes genetic gain and long-distance semen transport and multiplies the number of ewes able to be inseminated per single ejaculate. However, the reduced temperature during cold storage at 5 or 15 °C inflicts sub-lethal damage to spermatozoa, compromising sperm quality and the success of artificial breeding. New and emerging research in various species has reported the advantages of storing spermatozoa at higher temperatures, such as 23 °C; however, this topic has not been thoroughly investigated for ram spermatozoa. Despite the success of storing spermatozoa at 23 °C, sperm quality can be compromised by the damaging effects of lipid peroxidation, more commonly when metabolism is left unaltered during 23 °C storage. Additionally, given the biosafety concern surrounding the international transport of egg-yolk-containing extenders, further investigation is critical to assess the preservation ability of synthetic extenders and whether pro-survival factors could be supplemented to maximise sperm survival during storage at 23 °C.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cook NL, Masterson KR, Battaglia D, Beck R, Metcalf ES. Dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol as cryoprotectant agents of stallion semen: effects on blastocyst rates following intracytoplasmic sperm injection of IVM equine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:253-258. [PMID: 32172784 DOI: 10.1071/rd19266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous variables affect invitro blastocyst development following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The paternal factor is affected by initial semen quality, processing techniques and final selection of individual spermatozoon for injection. This study investigated whether there was an effect of sperm cryoprotectant agent (CPA) on equine invitro blastocyst production, and reviews recent developments examining how processing equine semen affects ICSI outcomes. Single ejaculates from five stallions were collected and processed in a freezing extender containing either 1M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 3.5% glycerol. Immature equine oocytes were obtained from ovarian follicles of mares during diestrus by transvaginal aspiration (n=128). After invitro maturation, MII oocytes (n=90) were fertilised by ICSI with thawed stallion spermatozoa (n=45 in both the DMSO and glycerol groups). The embryo cleavage rate was greater in the DMSO than glycerol group (73.3% vs 46.7% respectively; P=0.0098), but the blastocyst development rate per fertilised oocyte was similar between the two groups (28.9% vs 15.6% respectively; P=0.128), as was the blastocyst production rate per cleaved embryo (39.4% vs 33.3% respectively; P=0.653). In this study, cryopreservation of equine spermatozoa in 1M DMSO was correlated with significantly higher cleavage rates in IVM oocytes fertilised by ICSI compared with spermatozoa cryopreserved using 3.5% glycerol. Although not statistically significant in this small number of stallions, increased blastocyst production and individual stallion variability was observed among CPA treatments. This warrants further critical examination of cryoprotectants used in equine sperm subpopulations used for ICSI in a larger number of stallions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Cook
- Advanced Equine Reproduction, 1123 Fredensborg Cyn Rd, Solvang, CA 93463, USA; and Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303 SW Bond Ave, CH10F, Portland, OR 97239, USA; and Corresponding author.
| | - Keith R Masterson
- Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303 SW Bond Ave, CH10F, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Battaglia
- Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303 SW Bond Ave, CH10F, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rick Beck
- In-Foal, Inc., 39185 Diamond Valley Rd, Hemet, CA 92543, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Metcalf
- Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303 SW Bond Ave, CH10F, Portland, OR 97239, USA; and Honahlee, PC, 14005 SW Tooze Rd, Sherwood, OR 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gibb Z, Griffin RA, Aitken RJ, De Iuliis GN. Functions and effects of reactive oxygen species in male fertility. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 220:106456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
12
|
Alvarez M, Anel-Lopez L, Boixo JC, Chamorro C, Neila-Montero M, Montes-Garrido R, de Paz P, Anel L. Current challenges in sheep artificial insemination: A particular insight. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 54 Suppl 4:32-40. [PMID: 31625241 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ovine artificial insemination (OAI) is not commonly performed because of specific problems related to semen application techniques, leading to highly variable results. The ideal methodology (frozen-thawed semen/vaginal route) is unfeasible under field conditions due to the cervix morphology of the ewe, which prevents the process of intrauterine insemination necessary to obtain acceptable results. Currently, OAI commercial programmes use superficial cervical insemination, CAI (vaginal), with chilled semen (15°C) and intrauterine insemination, LAI (laparoscopic), with frozen-thawed semen. The ability to improve upon these contrasting techniques may be derived from examining certain poorly studied factors such as insemination time, productive state of females and alternatives of seminal preservation, some of which we reviewed in this work. This interim solution will remain in use until AI by the vaginal route with frozen-thawed semen is developed, but it poses new challenges in optimizing the freezing of the sperm and adapting the cervical (CAI) and/or transcervical intrauterine AI (TCAI). In this review, we address the current problems and evaluate their methodological (mechanical) and chemical (dilation) alternatives. Currently, TCAI is a methodologically complex technique with poor fertility results, so further studies are needed to improve the logistics of this procedure and the results of its application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alvarez
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Luis Anel-Lopez
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | | | - Cesar Chamorro
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Marta Neila-Montero
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Rafael Montes-Garrido
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Paulino de Paz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Luis Anel
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effects of glucose concentration in semen extender and storage temperature on stallion sperm quality following long-term cooled storage. Theriogenology 2020; 147:1-9. [PMID: 32070880 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In Experiment 1, the effects of glucose concentration in extender (0 mM, 67 mM, 147 mM, 270 mM; G0, G67, G147, and G270, respectively) and storage temperature of extended semen (5, 10, 15 and 20 °C) were evaluated after storage for up to 5 days (T0h to T120h). For all time points tested, mean total (TMOT) and progressive (PMOT) sperm motility were lower in G0 than all other treatment groups (P < 0.05). Mean curvilinear velocity (VCL) was lower in G0 than other treatment groups at all time points tested except T0h (P < 0.05). Mean percentage of plasma membrane/acrosome intact sperm (VAI) was similar among treatments at T0h, T72h, and T120h (P > 0.05). Mean TMOT and PMOT, were lower for semen stored at 20 °C than all lower storage temperatures (P < 0.05) at all time points. In Experiment 2, semen was stored at 10 °C in extender containing no added glucose (G0) or 147 mM glucose (G147). Following storage, semen was centrifuged and resuspended in extender containing no added glucose (G0 - G0 or G147 - G0, respectively) or 147 mM of glucose (G0 - G147 or G147 - G147, respectively). Mean TMOT, PMOT, and VCL were higher in G147 than G0 at all time periods tested (P < 0.05), whereas mean VAI was similar between these treatment groups throughout the experiment (P > 0.05). Mean TMOT and PMOT were higher in G0 - G147 than G0 - G0 at T72h and T120h (P < 0.05) and mean VCL was higher in G0 - G147 than G0 - G0 for all time periods. Mean TMOT, PMOT, and VCL were higher in G147 - G147 than G147 - G0 at all time points tested (P < 0.05), whereas mean VAI was similar between these two treatment groups for each of the time points (P > 0.05). In Experiment 3, the minimum concentration of glucose required to maintain sperm quality following long-term cooled storage (T120 h) was evaluated (G0, G5, G10, G20, G40, G67, G147 mM). At T120 h, mean TMOT was lowest in G0, G5, G10, and G20 (P < 0.05), whereas mean PMOT and VCL were lower in G0, G5, G10, and G20 than in G40, G67, and G147 (P < 0.05). Mean VAI was higher in G10 than G67, but similar among G10 and other treatment groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the absence of added glucose in extender reduced the motion characteristics of stallion sperm during long-term storage (5 days), but VAI was not affected. The use of temperatures between 5 and 15 °C for long-term storage (5 days) best maintained sperm motility and VAI. The threshold concentration of added glucose in extender required to optimize sperm motion characteristics was 40 mM.
Collapse
|
14
|
Centrifugation Force and Time Alter CASA Parameters and Oxidative Status of Cryopreserved Stallion Sperm. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9020022. [PMID: 32012799 PMCID: PMC7168157 DOI: 10.3390/biology9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Conventional sperm selection techniques used in ARTs rely on centrifugation steps. To date, the different studies reported on the effects of centrifugation on stallion sperm motility provided contrasting results and do not include effects on mitochondrial functionality and different oxidative parameters. The effects of different centrifugation protocols (300 ×g for 5', 300 ×g for 10', 1500 ×g for 5' and 1500 ×g for 10' vs no centrifugation) on motility and oxidative status in cryopreserved stallion sperm, were analyzed. After centrifugation, almost all motility parameters were significantly altered, as observed by computer-assisted sperm analysis. A polarographic assay of oxygen consumption showed a progressive decrease in mitochondria respiration from the gentlest to the strongest protocol. By laser scanning confocal microscopy, significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, at any tested protocol, and time-dependent effects, at the same centrifugal force, were found. Increased DNA fragmentation index at any tested protocol and time-dependent effects at the same centrifugal force were found, whereas increased protein carbonylation was observed only at the strongest centrifugal force. These results provide more comprehensive understandings on centrifugation-induced effects on cryopreserved stallion sperm and suggest that, even at a weak force for a short time, centrifugation impairs different aspects of equine sperm metabolism and functionality.
Collapse
|
15
|
Improvement in Semen Conservation of the Indigenous Czech Endangered Old Kladruber Horse: Special Focus on the Type of Extender and Packaging System. J Equine Vet Sci 2018; 72:101-107. [PMID: 30929772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of two freezing extenders and two packaging systems on motility, plasma membrane (PM) integrity, and the apoptotic status of frozen-thawed (F-T) spermatozoa of the endangered Old Kladruber stallions. The collected semen (n = 6 stallions, three collections each) was diluted either with Gent or Lactose-EDTA (Lact) extender. Two aliquots of semen from each collection diluted in this way were prepared and then loaded into 5-mL aluminum tubes or 0.5-mL plastic straws. After thawing and then at 15 minutes intervals within 1 hour, the samples were analyzed for motility (CASA), PM integrity (CFDA/PI), and apoptotic changes of the spermatozoa (Yo-Pro-1/PI). Using Gent, the samples exhibited higher motility, kinematic parameters, higher representation of spermatozoa in medium, and fast subpopulation, as well as more spermatozoa with intact PMs and fewer spermatozoa with apoptotic changes compared with Lact extender (P < .05). Progressive motility and PM integrity was superior when using Gent and 5-mL aluminum tubes as compared with the rest of the combinations (P < .05). Kinematic parameters, percentage of spermatozoa in fast subpopulation and apoptotic status was superior in Gent and 0.5-mL straws as compared with the rest of the combinations (P < .05). Moreover, we revealed that F-T semen reacts diametrically differently when two different extenders and packaging systems are used. The study concludes that the combination of Gent and 0.5-mL straws represent adequate freezing system to maintain the appropriate quality of spermatozoa of this endangered breed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Al-Essawe EM, Johannisson A, Wulf M, Aurich C, Morrell JM. Improved cryosurvival of stallion spermatozoa after colloid centrifugation is independent of the addition of seminal plasma. Cryobiology 2018; 81:145-152. [PMID: 29397923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Addition of seminal plasma (SP) prior to cryopreservation may influence stallion sperm cryosurvival. The objective of this study was to investigate the addition of pooled SP from "good" or "bad" freezer stallions to spermatozoa selected by single layer centrifugation (SLC) prior to cryopreservation on post-thaw sperm quality. Semen from 12 stallions was collected; 5 mL was frozen as control (C) and the remainder was processed by SLC to remove SP and was divided into three aliquots: i) SLC sample without SP (SLC); ii) SLC plus pooled SP from "good freezer" stallions (SLC-GF); iii) SLC plus pooled SP from "bad freezer" stallions (SLC-BF). After thawing, the following parameters were evaluated: chromatin integrity (DNA fragmentation index; %DFI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), membrane integrity (MI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sperm kinematics. The %DFI was reduced (P < 0.0001) in SLC samples compared to controls. The SLC group showed a lower proportion of spermatozoa with low MMP and a higher proportion of spermatozoa with high MMP than other groups (P < 0.0001), and had lower hydrogen peroxide content than control. Sperm kinematics were not different. In conclusion, selection by SLC prior to cryopreservation improved post-thaw sperm quality; inclusion of SP from "good" and "bad" freezer stallions did not have an additional beneficial effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essraa M Al-Essawe
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Al-Nahrain University - High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Clinical Reproductive Physiology, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Anders Johannisson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Manuela Wulf
- Graf Lehndorff-Institute for Equine Sciences, Neustadt/Dosse, Germany.
| | | | - Jane M Morrell
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|