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Sutour S, Doan VC, Mateo P, Züst T, Hartmann ER, Glauser G, Robert CAM. Isolation and Structure Determination of Drought-Induced Multihexose Benzoxazinoids from Maize ( Zea mays). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3427-3435. [PMID: 38336361 PMCID: PMC10885146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids (BXDs) are plant specialized metabolites exerting a pivotal role in plant nutrition, allelopathy, and defenses. Multihexose benzoxazinoids were previously observed in cereal-based food products such as whole-grain bread. However, their production in plants and exact structure have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we showed that drought induced the production of di-, tri-, and even tetrahexose BXDs in maize roots and leaves. We performed an extensive nuclear magnetic resonance study and elucidated the nature and linkage of the sugar units, which were identified as gentiobiose units β-linked (1″ → 6') for the dihexoses and (1″ → 6')/(1‴ → 6″) for the trihexoses. Drought induced the production of DIMBOA-2Glc, DIMBOA-3Glc, HMBOA-2Glc, HMBOA-3Glc, and HDMBOA-2Glc. The induction was common among several maize lines and the strongest in seven-day-old seedlings. This work provides ground to further characterize the BXD synthetic pathway, its relevance in maize-environment interactions, and its impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Sutour
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Van Cong Doan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Plant Physiology Unit, The Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology of the University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino 10123, Italy
| | - Pierre Mateo
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Züst
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | | | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Aurélie Maud Robert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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Nordin E, Steffensen SK, Laursen BB, Andersson SO, Johansson JE, Åman P, Hallmans G, Borre M, Stærk D, Hanhineva K, Fomsgaard IS, Landberg R. An inverse association between plasma benzoxazinoid metabolites and PSA after rye intake in men with prostate cancer revealed with a new method. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5260. [PMID: 35347164 PMCID: PMC8960836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a common cancer among men, and preventive strategies are warranted. Benzoxazinoids (BXs) in rye have shown potential against PC in vitro but human studies are lacking. The aim was to establish a quantitative method for analysis of BXs and investigate their plasma levels after a whole grain/bran rye vs refined wheat intervention, as well as exploring their association with PSA, in men with PC. A quantitative method for analysis of 22 BXs, including novel metabolites identified by mass spectrometry and NMR, was established, and applied to plasma samples from a randomized crossover study where patients with indolent PC (n = 17) consumed 485 g whole grain rye/rye bran or fiber supplemented refined wheat daily for 6 wk. Most BXs were significantly higher in plasma after rye (0.3–19.4 nmol/L in plasma) vs. refined wheat (0.05–2.9 nmol/L) intake. HBOA-glc, 2-HHPAA, HBOA-glcA, 2-HPAA-glcA were inversely correlated to PSA in plasma (p < 0.04). To conclude, BXs in plasma, including metabolites not previously analyzed, were quantified. BX metabolites were significantly higher after rye vs refined wheat consumption. Four BX-related metabolites were inversely associated with PSA, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Nordin
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 39, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stine K Steffensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Bente B Laursen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Sven-Olof Andersson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Johansson
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Dan Stærk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 39, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, 20520, Turku, Finland.,School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 39, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Hazrati H, Kudsk P, Ding L, Uthe H, Fomsgaard IS. Integrated LC-MS and GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Reveal the Effects of Plant Competition on the Rye Metabolome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3056-3066. [PMID: 35227064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants compete with their neighbors about the limited resources available to them. Plants under induced stress resulting from competition may alter their metabolome to increase their resilience or enhance their defense mechanisms. In the present study, rye (Secale cereale) plants were cocultivated with different densities (3, 12, and 18 plants per pot) of Austrian pea (Pisum sativum subsp. arvense), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and Alexandrian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) to elucidate the changes in the rye metabolome in response to the different levels of competition. Global metabolic profiling by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS), liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS), and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) was performed on rye plants, and the acquired data were analyzed using uni- and multivariate statistics. Targeted analysis showed that a high level of competition reduced the concentration of aglycone benzoxazinoids (BXs) and increased glycoside BXs in rye roots. Untargeted metabolomics analysis indicated an increase in the rye root content of the allelopathic compounds 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and uracil in response to competition. Untargeted analysis of rye shoots revealed that the plant competition increased the d-pyroglutamic acid, which is an elicitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results have enhanced the knowledge of the biochemical response of plant species to cocultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hazrati
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Kudsk
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henriette Uthe
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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Bhattarai B, Steffensen SK, Gregersen PL, Kristensen HL, Fomsgaard IS. Stepwise mass spectrometry-based approach for confirming the presence of benzoxazinoids in herbs and vegetables. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:283-297. [PMID: 32688439 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are plant phytochemicals that have both defensive properties in plants and therapeutic effects in humans. The presence of BXs has been largely studied in the Poaceae family (monocots). To study the presence or absence of BXs in dicotyledons and monocotyledons outside the Poaceae family, parts of 24 plant species at several growth stages were selected for analysis, some of which were already known to contain BXs. OBJECTIVES To devise a stepwise mass spectrometry-based approach for confirming the presence of BXs in plant samples, and to use the method to explore the status of BXs in selected plant species. EXPERIMENTAL Plant samples were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction and analysed using triple-quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The use of different columns, double mass transitions, and ion ratios proved to be a robust tool for confirming the presence of BXs in different plant species. By this method, the presence of BXs was confirmed in three of the 24 species. Double-hexose forms of BXs, which have not been reported before in dicotyledons, were confirmed to be present in the dicotyledon plants Acanthus mollis and Lamium galeobdolon, and the presence of BXs in the seeds of Consolida orientalis is reported for the first time here. High concentrations of BXs were found in the aerial parts of Acanthus mollis and Lamium galeobdolon, at 20 and 32 μmol/g plant dry weight, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The stepwise approach described in this work confirmed the presence of BXs in new samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Bhattarai
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | - Per L Gregersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
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Steffensen SK, Pedersen HA, Adhikari KB, Laursen BB, Jensen C, Høyer S, Borre M, Pedersen HH, Borre M, Edwards D, Fomsgaard IS. Benzoxazinoids in Prostate Cancer Patients after a Rye-Intensive Diet: Methods and Initial Results. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8235-8245. [PMID: 27718574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rye bread contains high amounts of benzoxazinoids, and in vitro studies have shown suppressive effects of selected benzoxazinoids on prostate cancer cells. Thus, research into benzoxazinoids as possible suppressors of prostate cancer is demanded. A pilot study was performed in which ten prostate cancer patients received a rye-enriched diet 1 week prior to prostatectomy. Plasma and urine samples were collected pre- and postintervention. Ten prostate biopsies were obtained from each patient and histologically evaluated. The biopsies exhibited concentrations above the detection limit of seven benzoxazinoids ranging from 0.15 to 10.59 ng/g tissue. An OPLS-DA analysis on histological and plasma concentrations of benzoxazinoids classified the subjects into two clusters. A tendency of higher benzoxazinoid concentrations toward the benign group encourages further investigations. Benzoxazinoids were quantified by an optimized LC-MS/MS method, and matrix effects were evaluated. At low concentrations in biopsy and plasma matrices the matrix effect was concentration-dependent and nonlinear. For the urine samples the general matrix effects were small but patient-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine K Steffensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Hans A Pedersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Khem B Adhikari
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Bente B Laursen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Claudia Jensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Søren Høyer
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital , Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Helene H Pedersen
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital , Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mette Borre
- Department of Medicine V (Hepatology and Gastroenterology), Aarhus University Hospital , Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University , Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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