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Hu W, Nie Y, Huang L, Qian D. Contribution of phenolamides to the quality evaluation in Lycium spp. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118220. [PMID: 38657878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Goji berry is a general term for various plant species in the genus Lycium. Goji has long been historically used in traditional Chinese medicines. Goji is a representative tonic medicine that has the effects of nourishing the liver and kidney and benefiting the essence and eyesight. It has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases, including tinnitus, impotence, spermatorrhea and blood deficiency, since ancient times. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study aims to comprehensively summarize the quality evaluation methods of the main compounds in goji, as well as the current research status of the phenolamides in goji and their pharmacological effects, to explore the feasibility of using phenolamides as quality control markers and thus improve the quality and efficacy in goji. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, CNKI and other databases was comprehensively collected, screened and summarized. RESULTS According to the collected literature, the quality evaluation markers of goji in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China are Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) and betaine. As a result of its structure complexity, only the total level of LBP can be determined, while betaine is not prominent in the pharmacological action of goji and lacks species distinctiveness. Neither of them can well explain the quality of goji. KuA and KuB are commonly used as quality evaluation markers of the Lycii cortex because of their high levels and suitable pharmacological activity. Goji is rich in polyphenols, carotenoids and alkaloids. Many studies have used the above compounds to establish quality evaluation methods but the results have not been satisfactory. Phenolamides have often been neglected in previous studies because of their low single compound levels and high separation difficulty. However, in recent years, the favorable pharmacological activities of phenolamides have been gradually recognized, and studies on goji phenolamides are greatly increasing. In addition, phenolamides have higher species distinctiveness than other compounds and can be combined with other compounds to better evaluate the quality of goji to improve its average quality. CONCLUSIONS The phenolamides in the goji are rich and play a key role in antioxidation, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection and immunomodulation. As a result of their characteristics, it is suitable to evaluate the quality by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker and fingerprint. This method can be combined with other techniques to improve the quality evaluation system of goji, which lays a foundation for their effectiveness and provides a reference for new quality evaluation methods of similar herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yinglan Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Dan Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Mei Y, Hu Y, Tao X, Shang J, Qian M, Suo F, Li J, Cao L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Chemical Profiling of Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen Tablets Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and Its Quality Evaluation Based on UPLC-DAD Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:534-553. [PMID: 38251765 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablets (SWYST) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription used for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to characterize the constituents in SWYST and evaluate the quality based on the quantification of multiple bioactive components. SWYST samples were analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and a data-processing strategy. As a result, 215 compounds in SWYST were unambiguously identified or tentatively characterized, including 14 potential new compounds. Meanwhile, strategies based on characteristic fragments for rapid identification were summarized, indicating that the qualitative method is accurate and feasible. Notably, the glucose esters of laccaic acid D-type anthraquinone were first found and their fragmentation patterns were described by comparing that of O-glycoside isomers. Besides, based on comparisons of the cleavage ways of mono-acyl glucose with different acyl groups or acylation sites, differences in fragmentation pathways between 1,2-di-O-acyl glucose and 1,6-di-O-acyl glucose were proposed for the first time and verified by reference substances. In addition, a validated UPLC-DAD was established for the determination of 11 major bioactive components related to treatment of CKD (albiflorin, paeoniflorin, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG), 1-O-galloyl-2-O-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucose, emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, chrysophanol-O-β-d-glucoside, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion). Moreover, TSG and 1-O-galloyl-2-O-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucose were found as the quality markers related to the origins of SWYST based on multivariate statistical analysis. Conclusively, the findings in this work provide a feasible reference for further studies on quality research and mechanisms of action in treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Mei
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yumei Hu
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Jing Shang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Mengyu Qian
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Fengtai Suo
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Jifeng Li
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Liang Cao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
- Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, China
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3
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Teixeira F, Silva AM, Sut S, Dall'Acqua S, Ramos OL, Ribeiro AB, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Rodrigues F. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from goji berries: Optimization, bioactivity, and intestinal permeability assessment. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114502. [PMID: 38823845 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. berries have a remarkable chemical composition and extensive biological activities, being a valuable component of health and nutraceutical practices. Nevertheless, a deep insight on the intestinal permeation of the pro-healthy bioactive compounds is urgently needed to predict the real effects on human body. This study attempted, for the first time, to optimize the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of goji berries using a Response Surface Methodology approach and establish the intestinal permeation of the principal pro-healthy compounds. The optimal extraction conditions were a solid:liquid ratio of 8.75 % for 56.21 min, using an intensity of 59.05 W/m2. The optimal extract displayed a remarkable antioxidant capacity, with LC/DAD-ESI-MS analysis unveiled a diverse phytochemical profile, encompassing different compounds (e.g. glu-lycibarbarspermidine F, 2-glu-kukoamine, rutin, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid). The intestinal co-culture model demonstrated that glu-lycibarbarspermidine F (isomer 2) (73.70 %), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (52.66 %), and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (49.31 %) traversed the intestinal cell layer, exerting beneficial health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Oscar L Ramos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alessandra B Ribeiro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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Milinčić DD, Vidović BB, Gašić UM, Milenković M, Kostić AŽ, Stanojević SP, Ilić T, Pešić MB. A systematic UHPLC Q-ToF MS approach for the characterization of bioactive compounds from freeze-dried red goji berries (L. barbarum L.) grown in Serbia: Phenolic compounds and phenylamides. Food Chem 2024; 456:140044. [PMID: 38876071 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and characterise different classes of bioactive compounds from freeze-dried red goji berries (RGB) grown in Serbia, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-ToF MS). In addition, this study aims to demonstrate the importance of applying the advanced UHPLC Q-ToF MS technique in the identification of various biocompounds. The analysis showed the presence of 28 phenolic compounds, 3 organic acids, and 26 phenylamides. The 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG) was identified by UHPLC Q-ToF MS and quantified by standardised UHPLC-DAD method. Most of the compounds detected were derivatives of caffeic acid and ferulic acid, followed by quercetin derivatives. Among the phenylamides, several glucosylated caffeoyl and/or dihydrocaffeoyl derivatives of spermidine and spermine were characterized, confirming their recent characterization. Some glycosylated/non-glycosylated putrescine derivatives and caffeoyl-dihydrocaffeoyl-feruloyl spermidines were identified in goji berriesfor the first time. Their tentative structures and fragmentations were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijel D Milinčić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana B Vidović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš M Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Milenković
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", Center for Hygiene and Human Ecology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ž Kostić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana P Stanojević
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - T Ilić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Pešić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Han C, Zhang Z, Feng Z, Zhai C, Li X, Shi Y, Li X, Li M, Wang Y, Luo G, Gao X. The "depict" strategy for discovering new compounds in complex matrices: Lycibarbarspermidines as a case. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:416-426. [PMID: 38618244 PMCID: PMC11010613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive detection and identification of active ingredients in complex matrices is a crucial challenge. Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is the most prominent analytical platform for the exploration of novel active compounds from complex matrices. However, the LC-HRMS-based analysis workflow suffers from several bottleneck issues, such as trace content of target compounds, limited acquisition for fragment information, and uncertainty in interpreting relevant MS2 spectra. Lycibarbarspermidines are vital antioxidant active ingredients in Lycii Fructus, while the reported structures are merely focused on dicaffeoylspermidines due to their low content. To comprehensively detect the new structures of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives, a "depict" strategy was developed in this study. First, potential new lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were designed according to the biosynthetic pathway, and a comprehensive database was established, which enlarged the coverage of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives. Second, the polarity-oriented sample preparation of potential new compounds increased the concentration of the target compounds. Third, the construction of the molecular network based on the fragmentation pathway of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives broadened the comprehensiveness of identification. Finally, the weak response signals were captured by data-dependent scanning (DDA) followed by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), and the efficiency of acquiring MS2 fragment ions of target compounds was significantly improved. Based on the integrated strategy above, 210 lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were detected and identified from Lycii Fructus, and in particular, 170 potential new compounds were structurally characterized. The integrated strategy improved the sensitivity of detection and the coverage of low-response components, and it is expected to be a promising pipeline for discovering new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiyang Feng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chuanjia Zhai
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yulian Shi
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Gan Luo
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Chinese Medicine Analysis, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
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Mei Y, Zhang X, Hu Y, Tong X, Liu W, Chen X, Cao L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Screening and characterization of xenobiotics in rat bio-samples after oral administration of Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablet using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with a targeted and non-targeted strategy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115286. [PMID: 36804290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablet (SWYST), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCMP), has been effectively used for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in clinically. However, an in-depth study of in vivo metabolism of SWYST is lacking. In this study, a targeted and non-targeted strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was developed to screen and characterize SWYST-related xenobiotics in rats. Based on the in-house library, a chemical database of SWYST including 215 constituents was constructed through "find by formula" and further verified by characteristic fragmentations or the literatures. Then the constructed chemical database was applied for the targeted screening of prototypes. As for metabolites, the non-targeted screening was achieved combined the peak picking using the function "find by auto-MS/MS" and peak filtration of the prototypes and endogenous components, while the targeted screening was performed using Metabolite ID according to the possible metabolic reactions. Furthermore, the potential metabolites were preliminarily identified by comparison of the parent compounds or references to the literatures. As a result, 201 exogenous components (87 prototypes and 121 metabolites) were characterized in rats after administration of SWYST, including 55 (17 prototypes and 38 metabolites) in plasma, 151 (52 prototypes and 99 metabolites) in urine, and 121 (74 prototypes and 47 metabolites) in feces. Finally, their possible metabolic pathways were summarized, and the metabolic reactions mainly involved phase I reactions (hydroxylation, deoxygenation, hydrogenation, methylation, oxidation, hydrolysis and esterification) and phase II reactions (glucuronidation and sulfation). The findings of this research reveal the potential active ingredients of SWYST, providing an important material basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SWYST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Mei
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueni Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xialin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang L, Gu C, Liu J. Nature spermidine and spermine alkaloids: Occurrence and pharmacological effects. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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