1
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Ngeontae W, Ponlakhet K, Phetduang S, Phongsanam N, Nijpanich S, Phongsraphang T, Ngamdee K. A hybrid catalyst-triggered cascade reaction for cholesterol detection using a smartphone-based miniature fluorescent apparatus. Food Chem 2024; 449:139116. [PMID: 38581783 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
A new hybrid biological-chemical catalyst, magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with cholesterol oxidase (Fe3O4/APTES/ChOx), was developed for cholesterol detection. In the presence of cholesterol, the enzyme produced H2O2, which facilitated the generation of fluorescent molecules from the fluorogenic substrate with the assistance of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. A smartphone camera with a miniature fluorescent apparatus was used to assess fluorescence emission. Then, a smartphone application was employed to translate the fluorescence intensity to the red, green, and blue (RGB) domain. The developed approach achieved excellent selectivity and acceptable performances while supporting an onsite analysis approach. The practical operational range spanned from 5 to 100 nM, with a detection limit of 0.85 nM. Fe3O4/APTES/ChOx was applied for up to four replicates of reuse and demonstrated stability for at least 30 days. The applicability of the method was evaluated in milk samples, and the results were in accordance with the reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wittaya Ngeontae
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Kitayanan Ponlakhet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Samuch Phetduang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nopphakon Phongsanam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supinya Nijpanich
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Thirakan Phongsraphang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kessarin Ngamdee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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2
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Arwani RT, Tan SCL, Sundarapandi A, Goh WP, Liu Y, Leong FY, Yang W, Zheng XT, Yu Y, Jiang C, Ang YC, Kong L, Teo SL, Chen P, Su X, Li H, Liu Z, Chen X, Yang L, Liu Y. Stretchable ionic-electronic bilayer hydrogel electronics enable in situ detection of solid-state epidermal biomarkers. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1115-1122. [PMID: 38867019 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Continuous and in situ detection of biomarkers in biofluids (for example, sweat) can provide critical health data but is limited by biofluid accessibility. Here we report a sensor design that enables in situ detection of solid-state biomarkers ubiquitously present on human skin. We deploy an ionic-electronic bilayer hydrogel to facilitate the sequential dissolution, diffusion and electrochemical reaction of solid-state analytes. We demonstrate continuous monitoring of water-soluble analytes (for example, solid lactate) and water-insoluble analytes (for example, solid cholesterol) with ultralow detection limits of 0.51 and 0.26 nmol cm-2, respectively. Additionally, the bilayer hydrogel electrochemical interface reduces motion artefacts by a factor of three compared with conventional liquid-sensing electrochemical interfaces. In a clinical study, solid-state epidermal biomarkers measured by our stretchable wearable sensors showed a high correlation with biomarkers in human blood and dynamically correlated with physiological activities. These results present routes to universal platforms for biomarker monitoring without the need for biofluid acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Theresia Arwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sherwin Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Archana Sundarapandi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Liu
- Institute of High-Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fong Yew Leong
- Institute of High-Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weifeng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changyun Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Ching Ang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingxuan Kong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (CCEB), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Lang Teo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (CCEB), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongying Li
- Institute of High-Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High-Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Chandramouli A, Kamat SS. A Facile LC-MS Method for Profiling Cholesterol and Cholesteryl Esters in Mammalian Cells and Tissues. Biochemistry 2024. [PMID: 38986142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is central to mammalian lipid metabolism and serves many critical functions in the regulation of diverse physiological processes. Dysregulation in cholesterol metabolism is causally linked to numerous human diseases, and therefore, in vivo, the concentrations and flux of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters (fatty acid esters of cholesterol) are tightly regulated. While mass spectrometry has been an analytical method of choice for detecting cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in biological samples, the hydrophobicity, chemically inert nature, and poor ionization of these neutral lipids have often proved a challenge in developing lipidomics compatible liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods to study them. To overcome this problem, here, we report a reverse-phase LC-MS method that is compatible with existing high-throughput lipidomics strategies and capable of identifying and quantifying cholesterol and cholesteryl esters from mammalian cells and tissues. Using this sensitive yet robust LC-MS method, we profiled different mammalian cell lines and tissues and provide a comprehensive picture of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters content in them. Specifically, among cholesteryl esters, we find that mammalian cells and tissues largely possess monounsaturated and polyunsaturated variants. Taken together, our lipidomics compatible LC-MS method to study this lipid class opens new avenues in understanding systemic and tissue-level cholesterol metabolism under various physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Chandramouli
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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4
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Islam MA, Chun J. Effects of derivatization coupled with GC-FID analysis of cholesterol in some bakery products. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30596. [PMID: 38778986 PMCID: PMC11108830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol analysis by derivatization technique is a time consuming, costly, and complex process while analyzing cholesterol without derivation is a simple, and quick method.Researchers analyzed cholesterol using both derivatization and non-derivatization techniques successfully. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of derivatization in cholesterol analysis particularly on bakery goods.The retention time of non-derivatized cholesterol (11.62 min) and non-derivatized α-tocopherol standard (11.60 min) was very close in HP-5 capillary GC column andthey eluted together while injected as mixed standard. As a result, cholesterol content determined by non-derivatized technique could be overestimated due to the presence of α-tocopherol inbakery products. The peak resolution (Rs) between derivatized cholesterol and derivatized α-tocopherol standard using the appliedgradient GC condition was 3.1 which is well separated (>1.5) based on AOAC guidelines. The derivatized gas chromatographic cholesterol analysis method was verified by limit of detection (LOD; 0.03 mg/100 g), limit of quantification (LOQ; 0.08 mg/100 g), linearity (R2; 0.999),precision (repeatability: relative standard deviation (RSD) 1.5 %; reproducibility: RSD 1.9 %), and accuracy (102.1 % recovery). The verified cholesterol analysis method was subsequently applied to determine cholesterol content in selected bakery items, yielding a range of 2.76 ± 0.06 mg/100 g (chrysanthemum bread) to 114.26 ± 4.72 mg/100 g (castella).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Atiqual Islam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
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5
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Abucayon EG, Sweeney S, Matyas GR. A Reliable Quantification of Cholesterol and 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Liposomal Adjuvant Formulation by Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19637-19644. [PMID: 38708252 PMCID: PMC11064170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol, as one of the major components of liposomes, plays a critical role in modulating membrane bilayer permeability, fluidity, and structural stability. Controlling these quality attributes is essential to maintaining the efficacy and fitness of the liposomes in various applications. However, during the manufacture and storage of liposomes, cholesterol has a propensity to undergo oxidative degradation. Hence, an analytical tool that is capable of determining not only the identity and quantity of cholesterol but also its associated degradants is a prerequisite to effective process control and product quality and safety assessments. In this view, a new liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was developed and qualified to accurately quantify cholesterol and monitor the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol degradant in liposomal drug formulations without the use of an isotopic internal standard (IS). The method was qualified according to the FDA Quality Guidance for Industry: Q2(R1). Study results showed that the method presents good specificity for cholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol detection in the liposomal matrix, good sensitivity characterized by LOD/LOQ in the nanomolar range, and accuracy within the range of 80 to 120%. The described method enables accurate evaluation of in-process and product release samples of Army Liposome Formulation with QS21 (ALFQ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin G. Abucayon
- U.S.
Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
- Henry
M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, United States
| | - Scott Sweeney
- Avanti
Polar Lipids, LLC, 700
Industrial Park Drive, Alabaster, Alabama 35007, United States
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- U.S.
Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
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6
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Solnica B, Sygitowicz G, Sitkiewicz D, Jóźwiak J, Kasperczyk S, Broncel M, Wolska A, Odrowąż-Sypniewska G, Banach M. 2024 Guidelines of the Polish Society of Laboratory Diagnostics and the Polish Lipid Association on laboratory diagnostics of lipid metabolism disorders. Arch Med Sci 2024; 20:357-374. [PMID: 38757022 PMCID: PMC11094830 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/186191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid disorders are the most common (even 70%) and worst monitored cardiovascular risk factor (only 1/4 of patients in Poland and in CEE countries are on the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal). To improve this, clear and simple diagnostic criteria should be introduced for all components of the lipid profile. These are the updated guidelines of the two main scientific societies in Poland in the area - the Polish Society of Laboratory Diagnostics (PSLD) and the Polish Lipid Association (PoLA), which, in comparison to those from 2020, introduce few important changes in recommendations (two main lipid targets, new recommendations on LDL-C measurements, calculations new goals for triglycerides, new recommendations on remnants and small dense LDL) that should help the practitioners to be early with the diagnosis of lipid disorders and in the effective monitoring (after therapy initiation), and in the consequence to avoid the first and recurrent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Solnica
- Polish Society for Laboratory Diagnostics
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Polish Society for Laboratory Diagnostics
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Polish Society for Laboratory Diagnostics
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jóźwiak
- Polish Lipid Association
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Polish Lipid Association
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Polish Lipid Association
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Wolska
- Polish Lipid Association
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grażyna Odrowąż-Sypniewska
- Polish Society for Laboratory Diagnostics
- Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Polish Lipid Association
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Czerwonka M, Białek A, Bobrowska-Korczak B. A Novel Method for the Determination of Squalene, Cholesterol and Their Oxidation Products in Food of Animal Origin by GC-TOF/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2807. [PMID: 38474053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol present in food of animal origin is a precursor of oxysterols (COPs), whose high intake through diet can be associated with health implications. Evaluation of the content of these contaminants in food is associated with many analytical problems. This work presents a GC-TOF/MS method for the simultaneous determination of squalene, cholesterol and seven COPs (7-ketocholesterol, 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, 5,6α-epoxycholesterol, 5,6β-epoxycholesterol, cholestanetriol). The sample preparation procedure includes such steps as saponification, extraction and silylation. The method is characterized by high sensitivity (limit of quantification, 0.02-0.25 ng mL-1 for instrument, 30-375 μg kg of sample), repeatability (RSD 2.3-6.2%) and a wide linearity range for each tested compound. The method has been tested on eight different animal-origin products. The COP to cholesterol content ratio in most products is about 1%, but the profile of cholesterol derivatives differs widely (α = 0.01). In all the samples, 7-ketocholesterol is the dominant oxysterol, accounting for 31-67% of the total COPs level. The levels of the other COPs range between 0% and 21%. In none of the examined products are cholestanetriol and 25-hydroxycholesterol present. The amount of squalene, which potentially may inhibit the formation of COPs in food, ranges from 2 to 57 mg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Czerwonka
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Hanley L, Ghazani SM, Marangoni AG. Giant multilamellar and large unilamellar lecithin vesicles for the encapsulation and oral delivery of cannabinoids. Food Chem 2024; 433:137291. [PMID: 37690133 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous formation of phospholipid vesicles was explored for the production of liposomal encapsulations of bioactive compounds. Low-energy processing methods were used to produce stable large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and giant multilamellar vesicles (GMVs) from unrefined, deoiled soybean and sunflower lecithin dispersions. The presence of these structures was confirmed by particle size analysis, bright-field and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the liposomes were determined to be in a liquid crystalline state. Through molecular modelling, these liposomes were predicted to be capable of encapsulating cannabinoids within their membrane based on their structural and chemical similarity to cholesterol. The encapsulation capacities of cannabis oil in soybean and sunflower LUVs and spontaneous GMVs were then assessed based on these models. These liposomes demonstrated high thermal and oxidative stability, making them suitable for various food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hanley
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Saeed M Ghazani
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alejandro G Marangoni
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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9
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Gadara D, Berka V, Spacil Z. High-Throughput Microbore LC-MS Lipidomics to Investigate APOE Phenotypes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:59-66. [PMID: 38113351 PMCID: PMC10782415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Microflow liquid chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry (μLC-MS/MS) is increasingly applied for high-throughput profiling of biological samples and has been proven to have an acceptable trade-off between sensitivity and reproducibility. However, lipidomics applications are scarce. We optimized a μLC-MS/MS system utilizing a 1 mm inner diameter × 100 mm column coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer to establish a sensitive, high-throughput, and robust single-shot lipidomics workflow. Compared to conventional lipidomics methods, we achieve a ∼4-fold increase in response, facilitating quantification of 351 lipid species from a single iPSC-derived cerebral organoid during a 15 min LC-MS analysis. Consecutively, we injected 303 samples over ∼75 h to prove the robustness and reproducibility of the microflow separation. As a proof of concept, μLC-MS/MS analysis of Alzheimer's disease patient-derived iPSC cerebral organoid reveals differential lipid metabolism depending on APOE phenotype (E3/3 vs E4/4). Microflow separation proves to be an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method as it reduces the consumption of harmful solvents. Also, the data demonstrate robust, in-depth, high-throughput performance to enable routine clinical or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshak Gadara
- RECETOX
Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vratislav Berka
- RECETOX
Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Spacil
- RECETOX
Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
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10
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Peng T, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Lin X, Ye Y, Zhong Y, Wang P, Jia Y. Review on bile dynamics and microfluidic-based component detection: Advancing the understanding of bilestone pathogenesis in the biliary tract. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:014105. [PMID: 38370511 PMCID: PMC10869170 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Bilestones are solid masses found in the gallbladder or biliary tract, which block the normal bile flow and eventually result in severe life-threatening complications. Studies have shown that bilestone formation may be related to bile flow dynamics and the concentration level of bile components. The bile flow dynamics in the biliary tract play a critical role in disclosing the mechanism of bile stasis and transportation. The concentration of bile composition is closely associated with processes such as nucleation and crystallization. Recently, microfluidic-based biosensors have been favored for multiple advantages over traditional benchtop detection assays for their less sample consumption, portability, low cost, and high sensitivity for real-time detection. Here, we reviewed the developments in bile dynamics study and microfluidics-based bile component detection methods. These studies may provide valuable insights into the bilestone formation mechanisms and better treatment, alongside our opinions on the future development of in vitro lithotriptic drug screening of bilestones and bile characterization tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chenxiao Zhou
- Li Po Chun United World College of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Xiaodong Lin
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yongqing Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Jia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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11
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Li Y, Ye Y, Rihan N, Zhu B, Jiang Q, Liu X, Zhao Y, Che X. Polystyrene nanoplastics induce lipid metabolism disorder and alter fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas of Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167616. [PMID: 37832676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nanoplastics (NPs) on environmental pollution and aquatic organisms has gradually attracted attention, but there are relatively few reports of the effects of NPs on the lipid metabolism of crustaceans. In this study, we exposed Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to different concentrations of polystyrene NPs (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/L) for 28 days. We then evaluated the effects of NP exposure on metabolite content, histology, lipid metabolism-related enzyme activity, and gene expression. Our results showed that with increasing NPs concentrations and exposure time, (1) the crude protein and crude fat content decreased and fatty acid composition changed; (2) the tissue structure was destroyed and the number of lipid droplets increased in the hepatopancreas; (3) the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, pyruvate kinase and low-density lipoprotein content tended to decrease and that of lipase and high-density lipoprotein content first increased and then decreased; the content of triglycerides and total carbohydrate first decreased and then increased; (4) the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes (Fas, SREBP, and FAD), fatty acid transport-related genes (FATP, FABP, and ACBP), and fatty acid decomposition-related genes (Ampk and lip1) first increased and then decreased. These results indicate that exposure to NPs can cause physiological disorders of fat metabolism in L.vannamei and that high concentrations of NPs have a negative impact on lipid metabolism. These results of this study provide valuable ecotoxicological data for better interpretation of the mechanism of action of NPs in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Na Rihan
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bihong Zhu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xuan Che
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
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12
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Tietel Z, Hammann S, Meckelmann SW, Ziv C, Pauling JK, Wölk M, Würf V, Alves E, Neves B, Domingues MR. An overview of food lipids toward food lipidomics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4302-4354. [PMID: 37616018 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence regarding lipids' beneficial effects on human health has changed the common perception of consumers and dietary officials about the role(s) of food lipids in a healthy diet. However, lipids are a wide group of molecules with specific nutritional and bioactive properties. To understand their true nutritional and functional value, robust methods are needed for accurate identification and quantification. Specific analytical strategies are crucial to target specific classes, especially the ones present in trace amounts. Finding a unique and comprehensive methodology to cover the full lipidome of each foodstuff is still a challenge. This review presents an overview of the lipids nutritionally relevant in foods and new trends in food lipid analysis for each type/class of lipids. Food lipid classes are described following the LipidMaps classification, fatty acids, endocannabinoids, waxes, C8 compounds, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids (i.e., glycolipids, betaine lipids, and triglycerides), sphingolipids, sterols, sercosterols (vitamin D), isoprenoids (i.e., carotenoids and retinoids (vitamin A)), quinones (i.e., coenzyme Q, vitamin K, and vitamin E), terpenes, oxidized lipids, and oxylipin are highlighted. The uniqueness of each food group: oil-, protein-, and starch-rich, as well as marine foods, fruits, and vegetables (water-rich) regarding its lipid composition, is included. The effect of cooking, food processing, and storage, in addition to the importance of lipidomics in food quality and authenticity, are also discussed. A critical review of challenges and future trends of the analytical approaches and computational methods in global food lipidomics as the basis to increase consumer awareness of the significant role of lipids in food quality and food security worldwide is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Simon Hammann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Josch K Pauling
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Michele Wölk
- Lipid Metabolism: Analysis and Integration; Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research; Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vivian Würf
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruna Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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13
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Hirtzel E, Edwards M, Freitas D, Liu Z, Wang F, Yan X. Aziridination-Assisted Mass Spectrometry of Nonpolar Sterol Lipids with Isomeric Resolution. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:1998-2005. [PMID: 37523498 PMCID: PMC10863044 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of nonpolar lipids is crucial due to their essential biological functions and ability to exist in various isomeric forms. In this study, we introduce the N-H aziridination method to target carbon-carbon double bonds (C═C bonds) in nonpolar sterol lipids. The resulting fragments are readily dissociated upon collision-induced dissociation, generating specific fragment ions for C═C bond position determination and fingerprint fragments for backbone characterization. This method significantly enhances lipid ionization efficiency, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of nonpolar lipid analysis. We demonstrated that aziridination of sterols leads to distinctive fragmentation pathways for chain and ring C═C bonds, enabling the identification of sterol isomers such as desmosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol. Furthermore, aziridination can assist in identifying the sterol backbone by providing fingerprint tandem mass spectra. We also demonstrated the quantitative capacity of this approach with a limit of detection of 10 nM in the solvent mixture of methanol and water. To test the feasibility of this method in complex biological samples, we used mouse prostate cancerous tissues and found significant differences in nonpolar lipid profiles between healthy and cancerous samples. The high efficiency and specificity of aziridination-assisted mass spectrometric analysis, as well as its quantitative analysis ability, make it highly suitable for broad applications in nonpolar lipid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hirtzel
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Madison Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dallas Freitas
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ziying Liu
- Center
for Translational Cancer Research, Texas
A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Fen Wang
- Center
for Translational Cancer Research, Texas
A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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14
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Mutić S, Stanković D, Kónya Z, Anojčić J. Facile immobilization of cholesterol oxidase on Pt,Ru-C nanocomposite and ionic liquid-modified carbon paste electrode for an efficient amperometric free cholesterol biosensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5709-5722. [PMID: 37453937 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In present work, the enzyme cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was immobilized by Nafion® (Naf) on Pt,Ru-C nanocomposite and an ionic liquid (IL)-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) in order to create cholesterol biosensor (Naf/ChOx/Pt,Ru-C/IL-CPE). The prepared working electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometry, while their electrochemical performance was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopic, cyclic voltammetric, and amperometric techniques. Excellent synergism between IL 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([AMIM][DCA]), Pt,Ru-C, and ChOx, as modifiers of CPE, offers the most pronounced analytical performance for improved cholesterol amperometric determination in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.50 at a working potential of 0.60 V. Under optimized experimental conditions, a linear relationship between oxidation current and cholesterol concentration was found for the range from 0.31 to 2.46 µM, with an estimated detection limit of 0.13 µM and relative standard deviation (RSD) below 5.5%. The optimized amperometric method in combination with the developed Naf/ChOx/Pt,Ru-C/IL-CPE biosensor showed good repeatability and high selectivity towards cholesterol biosensing. The proposed biosensor was successfully applied to determine free cholesterol in a human blood serum sample via its enzymatic reaction product hydrogen peroxide despite the presence of possible interferences. The percentage recovery ranged from 99.08 to 102.81%, while RSD was below 2.0% for the unspiked as well as the spiked human blood serum sample. The obtained results indicated excellent accuracy and precision of the method, concluding that the developed biosensor can be a promising alternative to existing commercial cholesterol tests used in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Mutić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dalibor Stanković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Radioisotopes, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla Tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Rerrich Béla Tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jasmina Anojčić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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15
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Román-Pizarro V, Écija-Arenas Á, Fernández-Romero JM. An integrated microfluidic-based biosensor using a magnetically controlled MNPs-enzyme microreactor to determine cholesterol in serum with fluorometric detection. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:303. [PMID: 37464062 PMCID: PMC10354181 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
This work provides a microfluidic-based biosensor to determine total cholesterol in serum based on integrating the reaction/detection zone of a microfluidic chip of a magnetically retained enzyme microreactor (MREµR) coupled with the remote fluorometric detection through a bifurcated fiber-optic bundle (BFOB) connected with a conventional spectrofluorometer. The method is based on developing the enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidation of cholesterol at microscale size using both enzymes (cholesterol esterase (ChE) and cholesterol oxidase (ChOx)) immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The biocatalyst reactions were followed by monitoring the fluorescence decreasing by the naphtofluorescein (NF) oxidation in the presence of the previous H2O2 formed. This microfluidic biosensor supposes the physical integration of a minimal MREµR as a bioactive enzyme area and the focused BFOB connected with the spectrofluorometer detector. The MREµR was formed by a 1 mm length of magnetic retained 2:1 ChE-MNP/ChOx-MNP mixture. The dynamic range of the calibration graph was 0.005-10 mmol L-1, expressed as total cholesterol concentration with a detection limit of 1.1 µmol L-1 (r2 = 0.9999, sy/x = 0.03, n = 10, r = 3). The precision expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD%) was between 1.3 and 2.1%. The microfluidic-based biosensors showed a sampling frequency estimated at 30 h-1. The method was applied to determine cholesterol in serum samples with recovery values between 94.8 and 102%. The results of the cholesterol determination in serum were also tested by correlation with those obtained using the other two previous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Román-Pizarro
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina Y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, "Marie Curie" Building Annex, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Écija-Arenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina Y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, "Marie Curie" Building Annex, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan M Fernández-Romero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina Y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, "Marie Curie" Building Annex, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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16
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Foest D, Knodel A, Ahrends R, Coman C, Franzke J, Brandt S. Flexible Microtube Plasma for the Consecutive-Ionization of Cholesterol in Nano-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37220280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is an established method for the identification of biomarkers. By nano-ESI (nESI), the polar molecular fraction of complex biological samples can be successfully ionized. In contrast, the less-polar free cholesterol, which serves as an important biomarker for several human diseases, is barely accessible by nESI. Although, complex scan functions of modern high-resolution MS devices are able to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, they are limited by the ionization efficiency of the nESI. One possible method to increase the ionization efficiency is the derivatization with acetyl chloride, however interferences with cholesteryl esters must be considered, so chromatographic separation or complex scan functions may be required. A novel approach to increase the yield of cholesterol ions of the nESI could be the application of a second consecutive-ionization process. This publication presents the flexible microtube plasma (FμTP) as a consecutive-ionization source, which allows the determination of cholesterol in nESI-MS analysis. Focusing on the analytical performance, the nESI-FμTP approach increases the cholesterol signal yield in a complex liver extract by a factor of 49. The repeatability and long-term stability could be successfully evaluated. A linear dynamic range of 1.7 orders of magnitude, a minimum detectability of 5.46 mg/L, and a high accuracy (deviation, -8.1%) demonstrates the nESI-FμTP-MS as an excellent approach for a derivatization-free determination of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Foest
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften─ISAS─e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexander Knodel
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften─ISAS─e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina Coman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Franzke
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften─ISAS─e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brandt
- Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften─ISAS─e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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17
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Saleem MA, Benitez B, Yaros C, Yamar G, Bhattacharya SK. Analysis of Cholesterol from the Liver Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2571:143-148. [PMID: 36152158 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2699-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential lipid molecule for several biological functions including the proper functioning of cell membranes, lipoproteins, and lipid rafts, as well as the synthesis of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones. Cholesterol can be extracted from liver tissue by multiple methods of lipid extraction. Subsequently, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can be used to obtain the highest level of sensitivity and selectivity in the analysis of cholesterol. This chapter describes two methods of lipid extraction for liver tissue, Bligh and Dyer and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), followed by an analysis with GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meher A Saleem
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Betsy Benitez
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Charles Yaros
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gabrielle Yamar
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, USA.
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18
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Fournelle F, Lauzon N, Yang E, Chaurand P. Metal-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry for Biological and Forensic Applications. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Galper J, Kim WS, Dzamko N. LRRK2 and Lipid Pathways: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1597. [PMID: 36358947 PMCID: PMC9687231 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the LRRK2 gene, encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, are a common risk factor for Parkinson's disease. How LRRK2 alterations lead to cell pathology is an area of ongoing investigation, however, multiple lines of evidence suggest a role for LRRK2 in lipid pathways. It is increasingly recognized that in addition to being energy reservoirs and structural entities, some lipids, including neural lipids, participate in signaling cascades. Early investigations revealed that LRRK2 localized to membranous and vesicular structures, suggesting an interaction of LRRK2 and lipids or lipid-associated proteins. LRRK2 substrates from the Rab GTPase family play a critical role in vesicle trafficking, lipid metabolism and lipid storage, all processes which rely on lipid dynamics. In addition, LRRK2 is associated with the phosphorylation and activity of enzymes that catabolize plasma membrane and lysosomal lipids. Furthermore, LRRK2 knockout studies have revealed that blood, brain and urine exhibit lipid level changes, including alterations to sterols, sphingolipids and phospholipids, respectively. In human LRRK2 mutation carriers, changes to sterols, sphingolipids, phospholipids, fatty acyls and glycerolipids are reported in multiple tissues. This review summarizes the evidence regarding associations between LRRK2 and lipids, and the functional consequences of LRRK2-associated lipid changes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Galper
- Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Woojin S Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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20
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Saengsrichan A, Khemthong P, Wanmolee W, Youngjan S, Phanthasri J, Arjfuk P, Pongchaikul P, Ratchahat S, Posoknistakul P, Laosiripojana N, Wu KCW, Sakdaronnarong C. Platinum/carbon dots nanocomposites from palm bunch hydrothermal synthesis as highly efficient peroxidase mimics for ultra-low H2O2 sensing platform through dual mode of colorimetric and fluorescent detection. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1230:340368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Lipids are the main biomolecular constituents of plasma and occupy a central place in the pathophysiology of several common diseases of parrots. Dyslipidemias frequently occur in psittacine birds in relation to a variety of lipid accumulation disorders and female reproductive disorders. The five main lipid classes in the plasma are sterols, fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids. Most lipids are transported in the blood within lipoproteins. Lipidologic diagnostic tests to characterize dyslipidemias and risk factors of lipid disorders include routine biochemical tests such as cholesterol and triglycerides, lipoprotein testing, and newer comprehensive techniques to assess whole lipid pathways using lipidomics.
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22
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Nezhad ZS, Salazar JP, Pryce RS, Munter LM, Chaurand P. Absolute quantification of cholesterol from thin tissue sections by silver-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6947-6954. [PMID: 35953724 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential to all animal life, and its dysregulation is observed in many diseases. For some of these, the precise determination of cholesterol's histological location and absolute abundance at cellular length scales within tissue samples would open the door to a more fundamental understanding of the role of cholesterol in disease onset and progression. We have developed a fast and simple method for absolute quantification of cholesterol within brain samples based on the sensitive detection and mapping of cholesterol by silver-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AgLDI MSI) from thin tissue sections. Reproducible calibration curves were generated by depositing a range of cholesterol-D7 concentrations on brain homogenate tissue sections combined with the homogeneous spray deposition of a non-animal steroid reference standard detectable by AgLDI MSI to minimize experimental variability. Results obtained from serial brain sections gave consistent cholesterol quantitative values in very good agreement with those obtained with other mass spectrometry-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zari Saadati Nezhad
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Salazar
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Rachel S Pryce
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Lisa M Munter
- Dept of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Chaurand
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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23
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Neumark B, Elkabets O, Shefer G, Buch A, Stern N, Amirav A. Whole blood analysis for medical diagnostics by GC-MS with Cold EI. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4873. [PMID: 35796286 PMCID: PMC9540862 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study covers a new method and related instrumentation for whole blood analysis for medical diagnostics. Two-μL whole blood samples were collected using "minimal invasive" diabetes lancet and placed on a thin glass rod mounted on a newly designed BloodProbe. The BloodProbe with the whole blood sample was inserted directly into a ChromatoProbe mounted on the GC inlet, and thus, no sample preparation was involved. The analysis was performed within 10 min using a GC-MS with Cold EI that is based on interfacing GC and MS with supersonic molecular beams (SMB) along with electron ionization of vibrationally cold sample compounds in the SMB (hence the name Cold EI). Our blood analysis revealed several observations: (1) Detailed mass chromatograms were generated with full range of all the nonpolar lipids in blood including fatty acids, cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, vitamin E, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides. (2) The analysis of whole blood was found to be as informative as the conventional clinical analysis of blood serum. (3) Cholesteryl esters were more sensitive than free cholesterol alone to the effect of diet of obese people. (4) Major enhancement of several fatty acid methyl esters was found in the blood of a cancer patient with liver dysfunction. (5) Vitamin E as both α- and β-tocopherol was found with person-dependent ratio of these two compounds. (6) Elemental sulfur S8 was identified in blood. (7) Several drugs and other compounds were found and need further study of their correlation to medical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Neumark
- School of ChemistryTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Oneg Elkabets
- School of ChemistryTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Gabi Shefer
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and HypertensionTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Assaf Buch
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and HypertensionTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Naftali Stern
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and HypertensionTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and MetabolismTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Aviv Amirav
- School of ChemistryTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Aviv AnalyticalHod HasharonIsrael
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24
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Youness ER, El-Daly SM, Abdallah HR, El-Bassyouni HT, Megahed H, Khedr AA, Elhady M, Abuelhamd WA. Serum homocysteine, lipid profile and BMI as atherosclerotic risk factors in children with numerical chromosomal aberrations. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:443-448. [PMID: 35430675 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman R Youness
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Reyad Abdallah
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala T El-Bassyouni
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, PO:12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hisham Megahed
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, PO:12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azzah A Khedr
- Human Cytogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Elhady
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Benešová L, Klouda J, Bláhová E, Nesměrák K, Kočovský P, Nádvorníková J, Barták P, Skopalová J, Schwarzová-Pecková K. Non-enzymatic electrochemical determination of cholesterol in dairy products on boron-doped diamond electrode. Food Chem 2022; 393:133278. [PMID: 35653986 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Determination of cholesterol in food matrices is essential for quality control concerning the health of consumers. Herein, a simple electrochemical approach for cholesterol quantitation in dairy products is evaluated. The newly developed differential pulse voltammetric method using acetonitrile-perchloric acid mixture as a supporting electrolyte is statistically compared to GC-MS and HPLC-UV. Oxidation signals of cholesterol at +1.5 V and +1.4 V (vs. Ag/AgNO3 in acetonitrile) provide detection limits of 4.9 µM and 6.1 µM on boron-doped diamond and glassy carbon electrodes, respectively. A simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure from dairy products into hexane resulted in a recovery rate of (74.8 ± 3.8)%. The method provides results in close agreement (at a 95% confidence level) with GC-MS, while HPLC-UV resulted in a significant difference in estimated cholesterol concentrations for all samples. This newly developed method is a simpler, faster and cheaper alternative to instrumentally demanding MS-based methods and clearly outperforms HPLC-UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Benešová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Klouda
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Bláhová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Nesměrák
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kočovský
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Nádvorníková
- Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Barták
- Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Skopalová
- Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Schwarzová-Pecková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
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26
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Detection and Real-Time Monitoring of LDL-Cholesterol by Redox-Free Impedimetric Biosensors. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kolarič L, Kántorová P, Šimko P. β-Cyclodextrin as the Key Issue in Production of Acceptable Low-Cholesterol Dairy Products. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092919. [PMID: 35566269 PMCID: PMC9100516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of cyclodextrins in food technology is extensive due to their unique ability to form complexes with many bioactive substances. Consumption of dairy products is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to its high content of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, so the production of low-cholesterol content products would be one of the critical steps in CVD prevention with regards to lowered total daily cholesterol intake. To maintain consumer acceptance, organoleptic profiles of such products should be, in the optimal case, the same with comparison to original ones. So, this study deals with the development of set low cholesterol foods (milk, cream, butter, soft cheese, cottage cheese) by β-cyclodextrin treatment and the characterization of their organoleptic profiles such as color and textural characteristics. During the experiments, high effectivity of cholesterol removal was reached as follows: milk–97.3%, cream–95.6%, butter–95.6%, cottage cheese–97.9%, soft cheese–97.7%, while color differences varied from 0.25 to 1.13 and textural characteristics were not influenced by cholesterol removal as well. So, it can be concluded that the proposed procedure is enabled to be substantial for the production of a new assortment of low-cholesterol dairy products with considerable health benefits toward the incidence of CVD.
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Oligomer Sensor Nanoarchitectonics for “Turn-On” Fluorescence Detection of Cholesterol at the Nanomolar Level. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092856. [PMID: 35566207 PMCID: PMC9100198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and rapid monitoring of cholesterol levels in the human body are highly desirable as they are directly related to the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. By using the nanoarchitectonic approach, a novel fluorescent conjugated oligofluorene (OFP-CD) functionalized with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was assembled for “Turn-On” fluorescence sensing of cholesterol. The appended β-CD units in OFP-CD enabled the forming of host-guest complexes with dabsyl chloride moieties in water, resulting in fluorescence quenching of the oligofluorene through intermolecular energy transfer. In the presence of cholesterol molecules, a more favorable host-guest complex with stoichiometry 1 cholesterol: 2 β-CD units was formed, replacing dabsyl chloride in β-CD’s cavities. This process resulted in fluorescence recovery of OFP-CD, owing to disruption of energy transfer. The potential of this nanoarchitectonic system for “Turn-On” sensing of cholesterol was extensively studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The high selectivity of the sensor for cholesterol was demonstrated using biologically relevant interfering compounds, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, metal ions, and anions. The detection limit (LOD value) was as low as 68 nM, affirming the high sensitivity of the current system.
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Li B, Gao W, Ling L, Yu S. Enzyme-assisted ReMALDI-MS assay for quantification of cholesterol in food. Food Chem 2022; 383:132444. [PMID: 35182868 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a vital building block for animal cell membranes and participates in the synthesis of various hormones. Accurate quantitation of cholesterol in food is crucial for healthy diets. Here, we describe an enzyme-assisted reactive matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ReMALDI-MS) assay for the quantification of cholesterol in food. First, cholesterol was converted to 4-cholesten-3-one using the cholesterol oxidase, and then reacted with a reactive matrix, 4-hydrazinoquinazoline (4-HQ), to form a hydrazone bond. Utilizing 4-HQ significantly improved the ionization efficiency of cholesterol, which possesses poor ionization efficiency in MALDI-MS, and no additional tedious derivatization/purification steps were needed. Thus, the proposed assay was successfully used for the quantification of cholesterol in bovine milk and cream. The standard recovery tests show a recovery range of 95.3-103.0% with a relative standard deviation of 0.3-3.1%. Therefore, the proposed enzyme-assisted ReMALDI-MS assay has great potential for quantification of cholesterol in other foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ling Ling
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Shaoning Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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Wide-Linear Range Cholesterol Detection Using Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Decorated ZnO Nanorods Based Electrolyte-Gated Transistor. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac51f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Electrolyte-gated transistor (EGT)-based biosensors are created with nanomaterials to harness the advantages of miniaturization and excellent sensing performance. A cholesterol EGT biosensor based on iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles decorated ZnO nanorods is proposed here. ZnO nanorods are directly grown on the seeded channel using a hydrothermal method, keeping in mind the stability of nanorods on the channel during biosensor measurements in an electrolyte. Most importantly, ZnO nanorods can be effectively grown and modified with Fe2O3 nanoparticles to enhance stability, surface roughness, and performance. The cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) enzyme is immobilized over Fe2O3 nanoparticles decorated ZnO nanorods for cholesterol detection. With cholesterol addition in buffer solution, the electro-oxidation of cholesterol on enzyme immobilized surface led to increased the biosensor’s current response. The cholesterol EGT biosensor detected cholesterol in wide-linear range (i.e., 0.1 to 60.0 mM) with high sensitivity (37.34 µA/mMcm2) compared to conventional electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, we obtained excellent selectivity, fabrication reproducibility, long-term storage stability, and practical applicability in real serum samples. The demonstrated EGT biosensor can be extended with changing enzymes or nanomaterials or hybrid nanomaterials for specific analyte detection.
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31
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Nemiwal M, Zhang TC, Kumar D. Enzyme Immobilized Nanomaterials as Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Biomolecules. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 156:110006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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López-Fernández O, Domínguez R, Santos EM, Pateiro M, Munekata PES, Campagnol PCB, Lorenzo JM. Comparison Between HPLC-PAD and GC-MS Methods for the Quantification of Cholesterol in Meat. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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33
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Fahmy HM, El-Waseif MA, Badr SA, Abd-Elazim EI, Sabry AM, Shaaban HA. Chemical and Sensory Evaluation of Balady Bread Supplemented with Watermelon Rinds Flour and its Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effect in Male Albina Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:993-1000. [PMID: 36591930 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.993.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Watermelon is a good source of minerals, vitamins and dietary fibers. It has been considered a health benefits effect due to the high amount of antioxidants and phytonutrients such as phenolics, flavonoids, phytosterols and other medicinal compounds which decrease the risk of cardiovascular, diabetes and cancer. This research was carried out to study the effect of wheat flour (WF) supplemented with different levels of watermelon rinds flour (WRF) on the chemical and organoleptic properties of balady bread. Furthermore, the effect of prepared bread on reducing blood lipids of hyperlipidemic rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Wheat flour (WF) has been supplemented with different levels (5, 10, 15 and 20%) of watermelon rinds flour (WRF). The chemical and organoleptic properties of balady bread and the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of prepared bread on hyperlipidemic rats were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> The results indicated that incorporation of WRF in balady bread wheat flour increased the fibre, ash and minerals content of prepared bread. While carbohydrates content and energy value were decreased by increasing the WRF substitution levels. Organoleptic evaluation tests showed that up to 15% of WF could be replaced with WRF in balady bread and still more acceptable bread compared with control bread samples. In addition, rats fed on a hyperlipidemic diet containing balady bread fortified with WRF showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) and Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (V-LDL) level by increasing the amounts of simultaneous supplementation with WRF 5-15% in the formulated balady bread compared to control samples. <b>Conclusion:</b> The research recommended that the 15% replacement of WRF gave good quality properties and lead to reducing body weight and serum lipid profile of hyperlipidemic rats.
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34
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Thakur N, Gupta D, Mandal D, Nagaiah TC. Ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors for dopamine and cholesterol: recent advances, challenges and strategies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13084-13113. [PMID: 34811563 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate determination of the dopamine (neurotransmitter) and cholesterol level in bio-fluids is significant because they are crucial bioanalytes for several lethal diseases, which require early diagnosis. The level of DA in the brain is modulated by the dopamine active transporter (DAT), and is influenced by cholesterol levels in the lipid membrane environment. Accordingly, electrochemical biosensors offer rapid and accurate detection and exhibit unique features such as low detection limits even with reduced volumes of analyte, affordability, simple handling, portability and versatility, making them appropriate to deal with augmented challenges in current clinical and point-of-care diagnostics for the determination of dopamine (DA) and cholesterol. This feature article focuses on the development of ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors for the detection of cholesterol and DA for real-time and onsite applications that can detect targeted analytes with reduced volumes and sub-picomolar concentrations with quick response times. Furthermore, the development of ultrasensitive biosensors via cost-effective, simple fabrication procedures, displaying high sensitivity, selectivity, reliability and good stability is significant in the impending era of electrochemical biosensing. Herein, we emphasize on recent advanced nanomaterials used for the ultrasensitive detection of DA and cholesterol and discuss in depth their electrochemical activities towards ultrasensitive responses. Key points describing future perspectives and the challenges during detection with their probable solutions are discussed, and the current market is also surveyed. Further, a comprehensive review of the literature indicates that there is room for improvement in the miniaturization of cholesterol and dopamine biosensors for lab-on-chip devices and overcoming the current technical limitations to facilitate full utilization by patients at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
| | - Divyani Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
| | - Debaprasad Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
| | - Tharamani C Nagaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab - 140001, India.
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35
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Smoluch M, Sobczyk J, Szewczyk I, Karaszkiewicz P, Silberring J. Mass spectrometry in art conservation-With focus on paintings. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021:e21767. [PMID: 34870867 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of historic artifacts has been a multidisciplinary field from its very beginning. Traditionally, it has been and still is associated with the history of art. It applies knowledge from technical and basic sciences, adapting their solutions to its goals. At present, however, a new tendency is clearly emerging-scientific research is starting to play an increasingly important role not only as a service, but also by proposing new solutions both in the traditional conservation areas and in new areas of conservation activities. The above trend opens up new perspectives for the field of preservation of our heritage but may also create new threats. Therefore, the conservators' caution in introducing new technologies should always be justified; after all, they are responsible for the effects of any activities on the historic objects. This, quite selective review, discusses application of mass spectrometry techniques for the detection of various components that are important to the conservators of our heritage with particular focus on paintings. The text also contains some basic knowledge of technical details to introduce the methodology to a broader group of professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Smoluch
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobczyk
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Szewczyk
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pawel Karaszkiewicz
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza, Poland
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
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36
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Inter-platform assessment of performance of high-throughput desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. TALANTA OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2021.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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37
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Mir IA, Kumar S, Bhat MA, Khan QU, Wani AA, Zhu L. Green Synthesis of Ag
2
S Quantum Dots as Sensing Probe: An Optical Sensor for the Detection of Cholesterol. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad Mir
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
| | | | - Quadrat Ullah Khan
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Physics Govt Degree College Kulgam Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen P. R. China
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38
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Non-enzymatic electrochemical cholesterol sensor based on strong host-guest interactions with a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) with DFT study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6523-6533. [PMID: 34462789 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Advances in materials science have accelerated the development of diagnostic tools with the last decade witnessing the development of enzyme-free sensors, owing to the improved stability, low cost and simple fabrication of component materials. However, the specificity of non-enzymatic sensors for certain analytes still represents a challenging task, for example the determination of cholesterol level in blood is vital due to its medical relevance. In this work, a reagent displacement assay for cholesterol sensing in serum samples was developed. It is based on coating of a glassy carbon electrode with a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) that forms a host-guest complex with methylene blue (MB). In the presence of cholesterol, the MB electroactive probe was displaced due to the stronger association of cholesterol guest to the PIM host. The decrease in the oxidative current was proportional to the cholesterol concentration achieving a detection limit of approximately 0.1 nM. Moreover, to further assist the experimental studies, comprehensive theoretical calculations are also performed by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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39
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Mielczarek P, Slowik T, Kotlinska JH, Suder P, Bodzon-Kulakowska A. The Study of Derivatization Prior MALDI MSI Analysis-Charge Tagging Based on the Cholesterol and Betaine Aldehyde. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092737. [PMID: 34066579 PMCID: PMC8124285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging is a powerful tool for analyzing the different kinds of molecules in tissue sections, but some substances cannot be measured easily, due to their physicochemical properties. In such cases, chemical derivatization could be applied to introduce the charge into the molecule and facilitate its detection. Here, we study cholesterol derivatization with betaine aldehyde from tissue slices and evaluate how different sample preparation methods influence the signal from the derivatization product. In this study, we have tested different solutions for betaine aldehyde, different approaches to betaine aldehyde deposition (number of layers, deposition nozzle height), and different MALDI matrices for its analysis. As a result, we proved that the proposed approach could be used for the analysis of cholesterol in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 St., 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Tymoteusz Slowik
- Experimental Medicine Center, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8D St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Helena Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Suder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Anna Bodzon-Kulakowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-617-5083
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Guo Y, Zou G, Qi K, Jin J, Yao L, Pan Y, Xiong W. Simvastatin impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in mice. Mol Brain 2021; 14:41. [PMID: 33627175 PMCID: PMC7905661 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic statins which are blood brain barrier (BBB) permeable are speculated to affect the cholesterol synthesis and neural functions in the central nervous system. However, whether these statins can affect cholesterol levels and synaptic plasticity in hippocampus and the in vivo consequence remain unclear. Here, we report that long-term subcutaneous treatments of simvastatin significantly impair mouse hippocampal synaptic plasticity, reflected by the attenuated long-term potentiation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials. The simvastatin administration causes a deficiency in recognition and spatial memory but fails to affect motor ability and anxiety behaviors in the mice. Mass spectrometry imaging indicates a significant decrease in cholesterol intensity in hippocampus of the mice receiving chronic simvastatin treatments. Such effects of simvastatin are transient because drug discontinuation can restore the hippocampal cholesterol level and synaptic plasticity and the memory function. These findings may provide further clues to elucidate the mechanisms of neurological side effects, especially the brain cognitive function impairment, caused by long-term usage of BBB-permeable statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute On Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences At the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guichang Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute On Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences At the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Keke Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute On Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences At the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute On Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences At the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute On Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences At the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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41
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Decrease of cholesterol content in milk by sorption onto β-cyclodextrin crosslinked with tartaric acid; considerations and implications. ACTA CHIMICA SLOVACA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acs-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Elevated cholesterol intake can induce the development of cardiovascular diseases in man, especially with long term animal origin foods consumption. Therefore, this work deals with the possibility of cholesterol content decrease in milk applying β-cyclodextrin crosslinked with tartaric acid (βCDcTA) as a removal agent. Evaluation of statistic data on food consumption in the Slovak Republic in 2018 aimed at total cholesterol daily intake and effects of “milky” cholesterol content decrease on total cholesterol balance. During the experiments, various amounts of βCDcTA addition to milk were studied resulting in optimal 5 % addition resulting in the cholesterol content decrease by 85.4 % in comparison to original cholesterol content. For monitoring purposes, an HPLC method analysing cholesterol content in saponified milk was employed. The food consumption data analysis showed that total per capita daily cholesterol intake was 369.8 mg, from which 86 mg was assigned to the cholesterol contained in milk and dairy products while the application of cholesterol removal procedure could decrease the total per capita daily cholesterol intake to 296.3 mg (“milky” cholesterol amount equal to 12.6 mg), which in below the recommended value of 300 mg daily intake still valid in the Slovak Republic. This approach might prove as a meaningful step to weaken health problems associated with high long term intake of cholesterol contained in foods of animal origin.
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Zhao S, Guo D, Zhu Q, Dou W, Guan W. Display of Microbial Glucose Dehydrogenase and Cholesterol Oxidase on the Yeast Cell Surface for the Detection of Blood Biochemical Parameters. BIOSENSORS 2020; 11:13. [PMID: 33396921 PMCID: PMC7823397 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High levels of blood glucose are always associated with numerous complications including cholesterol abnormalities. Therefore, it is important to simultaneously monitor blood glucose and cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes during the management of chronic diseases. In this study, a glucose dehydrogenase from Aspergillus oryzae TI and a cholesterol oxidase from Chromobacterium sp. DS-1 were displayed on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively, using the yeast surface display system at a high copy number. In addition, two whole-cell biosensors were constructed through the immobilization of the above yeast cells on electrodes, for electrochemical detection of glucose and cholesterol. The assay time was 8.5 s for the glucose biosensors and 30 s for the cholesterol biosensors. Under optimal conditions, the cholesterol biosensor exhibited a linear range from 2 to 6 mmol·L-1. The glucose biosensor responded efficiently to the presence of glucose at a concentration range of 20-600 mg·dL-1 (1.4-33.3 mmol·L-1) and showed excellent anti-xylose interference properties. Both biosensors exhibited good performance at room temperature and remained stable over a three-week storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310012, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Dong Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China;
| | - Quanchao Zhu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310012, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Weiwang Dou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310012, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (W.D.)
| | - Wenjun Guan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310012, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (W.D.)
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Wu Y, Peng D, Qi Z, Zhao J, Huang W, Zhang Y, Liu C, Deng T, Liu F. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Ligand Replacement Strategy for Chemical Luminescence Determination of Cholesterol. Front Chem 2020; 8:601636. [PMID: 33304887 PMCID: PMC7693431 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.601636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of serum cholesterol (Chol) is important for disease diagnosis, and has attracted great attention during the last few decades. Herein, a new magnetic nanoparticle-based ligand replacement strategy has been presented for chemical luminescence detection of Chol. The detection depends on ligand replacement from ferrocene (Fc) to Chol through a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-based host-guest interaction, which releases Fc-Hemin as a catalyst for the luminol/hydrogen peroxide chemical luminescence system. More importantly, the luminescence signal can be captured by the camera of a smartphone, thus realizing Chol detection with less instrument dependency. The limit of detection of this method is calculated to be 0.18 μM, which is comparable to some of the developed methods. Moreover, this method has been used successfully to quantify Chol from serum samples with a simple extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Wu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Peng
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Qi
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Onochie AU, Oli AH, Oli AN, Ezeigwe OC, Nwaka AC, Okani CO, Okam PC, Ihekwereme CP, Okoyeh JN. The Pharmacobiochemical Effects of Ethanol Extract of Justicia secunda Vahl Leaves in Rattus Norvegicus. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:423-437. [PMID: 33173354 PMCID: PMC7646487 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s267443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the biochemical effects of ethanol leaves extract on Wistar rats and also shed light on its constituents and phytonutrients. METHODS The ethanolic extract of J. secunda leaves was prepared using conventional methods. Then, proximate and phytochemical analyses of the extracts were carried out using several methods previously reported in the literatures. The biochemical studies were also carried out as reported in previous literatures. RESULTS The ethanolic leaves extract contains appreciable quantities of phytonutrients and micronutrients as well as phytochemical constituents. The LD50 of the extract was determined to be 3800mg/kg body weight. There was a dose-dependent elevation of the blood sugar in comparison with the control. There was no significant increase on the bilirubin and liver enzymes levels or on the haematological parameters of the lab animals. The extract significantly elevated the lipid profile (P value < 0.0001), the glomerular filtration rate (increased creatinine and blood urea levels - P value < 0.0001), the serum electrolytes and the animals' weight. There was a significant decrease in the anion gap (P value < 0.01). CONCLUSION The ethanol leaf extract of Justicia secunda has negative cardiac and renal effects on Wistar rats, causing increased lipid profile values, creatinine and blood urea levels in the experimental animals compared with control. The LD50 is below the safety level. Caution should be exercised as the biochemical profiles of cardiac and renal effects do not seem to be promising and the LD50 is below the safety level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony U Onochie
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Adaobi Helen Oli
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
- HIV Lab, HIV Care Unit, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Angus Nnamdi Oli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Obiajulu Christian Ezeigwe
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Andrew C Nwaka
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwudi O Okani
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Amaku, Awka420108, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Princeston Chukwuemeka Okam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chibueze P Ihekwereme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Jude Nnaemeka Okoyeh
- Department of Biology and Clinical Laboratory Science, Division of Arts and Sciences, Neumann University, Aston, PA19014-1298, USA
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Holkar A, Ghodke S, Bangde P, Dandekar P, Jain R. Fluorescence-Based Detection of Cholesterol Using Inclusion Complex of Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin and l-Tryptophan as the Fluorescence Probe. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Md Noh MF, Gunasegavan RDN, Mustafa Khalid N, Balasubramaniam V, Mustar S, Abd Rashed A. Recent Techniques in Nutrient Analysis for Food Composition Database. Molecules 2020; 25:E4567. [PMID: 33036314 PMCID: PMC7582643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Food composition database (FCD) provides the nutritional composition of foods. Reliable and up-to date FCD is important in many aspects of nutrition, dietetics, health, food science, biodiversity, plant breeding, food industry, trade and food regulation. FCD has been used extensively in nutrition labelling, nutritional analysis, research, regulation, national food and nutrition policy. The choice of method for the analysis of samples for FCD often depends on detection capability, along with ease of use, speed of analysis and low cost. Sample preparation is the most critical stage in analytical method development. Samples can be prepared using numerous techniques; however it should be applicable for a wide range of analytes and sample matrices. There are quite a number of significant improvements on sample preparation techniques in various food matrices for specific analytes highlighted in the literatures. Improvements on the technology used for the analysis of samples by specific instrumentation could provide an alternative to the analyst to choose for their laboratory requirement. This review provides the reader with an overview of recent techniques that can be used for sample preparation and instrumentation for food analysis which can provide wide options to the analysts in providing data to their FCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia; (R.D.-N.G.); (N.M.K.); (V.B.); (S.M.); (A.A.R.)
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Kolarič L, Šimko P. Determination of Cholesterol Content in Butter by HPLC: Up-to-Date Optimization, and In-House Validation Using Reference Materials. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101378. [PMID: 33003413 PMCID: PMC7650802 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work deals with up-to-date optimization of cholesterol content determination when saponification and extraction procedures as well as HPLC conditions were studied. As found, optimal conditions for saponification process were identified by 15 min heating in the presence of 0.015 L of methanolic KOH solution with a concentration 1 mol/L with subsequent 0.015 L n-hexane–chloroform binary mixture (1:1, v/v) double extraction. HPLC separation consisted of isocratic elution with flow rate of 0.5 mL/min mobile phase composed of acetonitrile/methanol 60:40 (v/v) and stationary phase Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column 2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm particle size diameters with detector wavelength 205 nm. The method passed through in-house validation criteria and its suitability was verified by analysis of butter reference materials. In final, the average content of cholesterol content in butter was determined at 2271.0 mg/kg. Thus, the method is suitable for the determination of cholesterol content in butter and probably also in other dairy products.
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Shaidarova LG, Chelnokova IA, Gafiatova IA, Gedmina AV, Budnikov HC. Sequential-Injection Amperometric Determination of Glucose, Insulin, Cholesterol, and Uric Acid on Electrodes Modified by Nickel and Cobalt Particles. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820090154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pinault M, Guimaraes C, Ben Hassen C, Gutierrez-Pajares JL, Chevalier S, Goupille C, Bernard-Savary P, Frank PG. Development of a Novel High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography-Based Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Clinically Relevant Lipids from Cells and Tissue Extracts. Lipids 2020; 55:403-412. [PMID: 32424826 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipids such as cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and fatty acids play important roles in the regulation of cellular metabolism and cellular signaling pathways and, as a consequence, in the development of various diseases. It is therefore important to understand how their metabolism is regulated to better define the components involved in the development of various human diseases. In the present work, we describe the development and validation of a high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method allowing the separation and quantification of free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, nonesterified fatty acids, and triacylglycerols. This method will be of interest as the quantification of these lipids in one single assay is difficult to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Goupille
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France.,Department of Gynecology, CHRU Hôpital Bretonneau, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
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Xu M, Legradi J, Leonards P. Evaluation of LC-MS and LC×LC-MS in analysis of zebrafish embryo samples for comprehensive lipid profiling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4313-4325. [PMID: 32347362 PMCID: PMC7320064 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, both conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography (1DLC) and comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HR-TOF MS) were used for full-scale lipid characterization of lipid extracts from zebrafish embryos. We investigated the influence on annotated lipids and different separation mechanisms (HILIC, C18, and PFP), and their different orders arranged in the first and the second dimensions. As a result, the number of lipid species annotated by conventional one-dimensional LC-MS was between 212 and 448. In contrast, the number of individual lipids species annotated by C18×HILIC, HILIC×C18, and HILIC×PFP were 1784, 1059, and 1123, respectively. Therefore, it was evident that the performance of comprehensive 2DLC, especially the C18×HILIC method, considerably exceeded 1DLC. Interestingly, a comparison of the HILIC×C18 and C18×HILIC approaches showed, under the optimized conditions, similar orthogonality, but the effective separation power of the C18×HILIC was much higher. A comparison of the HILIC×C18 and the HILIC×PFP methods demonstrated that the HILIC×PFP separation had superior orthogonality with a small increase on its effective peak capacity, indicating that the HILIC×PFP combination maybe a promising platform for untargeted lipidomics in complex samples. Finally, from the comprehensive lipid profiling respective, the C18×HILIC was selected for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jessica Legradi
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Leonards
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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