1
|
Zhu W, Xiong L, Oteiza PI. Structure-dependent capacity of procyanidin dimers to inhibit inflammation-induced barrier dysfunction in a cell model of intestinal epithelium. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103275. [PMID: 39059205 PMCID: PMC11327484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet is of major importance in modulating intestinal inflammation, as the gastrointestinal tract is directly exposed to high concentrations of dietary components. Procyanidins are flavan-3-ol oligomers abundant in fruits and vegetables. Although with limited or no intestinal absorption, they can have GI health benefits which can promote overall health. We previously observed that epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) dimers inhibit in vitro colorectal cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Inflammation-mediated intestinal barrier permeabilization can result in a chronic inflammatory condition and promote colorectal cancer onset/progression. Thus, this study investigated the structure-dependent capacity of ECG, EGCG and (-)-epicatechin (EC) dimers to inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and loss of barrier integrity in Caco-2 cells differentiated into an intestinal epithelial cell monolayer. Cells were incubated with TNFα (10 ng/ml), in the absence/presence of ECG, EGCG and EC dimers. The three dimers inhibited TNFα-mediated Caco-2 cell monolayer permeabilization, modulating events involved in the loss of barrier function and inflammation, i.e. decreased tight junction protein levels; increased matrix metalloproteinases expression and activity; increased NADPH oxidase expression and oxidant production; activation of the NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways and downstream events leading to tight junction opening. For some of these mechanisms, the galloylated ECG and EGCG dimers had stronger protective potency than the non-galloylated EC dimer. These differences could be due to differential membrane interactions as pointed out by molecular dynamics simulation of procyanidin dimers-cell membrane interactions and/or by differential interactions with NOX1. Results show that dimeric procyanidins, although poorly absorbed, can promote health by alleviating intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress and barrier permeabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Le Xiong
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44194, USA
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maffei ME, Salata C, Gribaudo G. Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins. Molecules 2022; 27:8353. [PMID: 36500445 PMCID: PMC9736452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A-type proanthocyanidins (PAC-As) are plant-derived natural polyphenols that occur as oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol monomers, such as (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, connected through an unusual double A linkage. PAC-As are present in leaves, seeds, flowers, bark, and fruits of many plants, and are thought to exert protective natural roles against microbial pathogens, insects, and herbivores. Consequently, when tested in isolation, PAC-As have shown several biological effects, through antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activities. PAC-As have been observed in fact to inhibit replication of many different human viruses, and both enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses proved sensible to their inhibitory effect. Mechanistic studies revealed that PAC-As cause reduction of infectivity of viral particles they come in contact with, as a result of their propensity to interact with virion surface capsid proteins or envelope glycoproteins essential for viral attachment and entry. As viral infections and new virus outbreaks are a major public health concern, development of effective Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) that can be rapidly deployable even against future emerging viruses is an urgent priority. This review summarizes the antiviral activities and mechanism of action of PAC-As, and their potential to be deployed as BSAAs against present and future viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diaconeasa Z, Știrbu I, Xiao J, Leopold N, Ayvaz Z, Danciu C, Ayvaz H, Stǎnilǎ A, Nistor M, Socaciu C. Anthocyanins, Vibrant Color Pigments, and Their Role in Skin Cancer Prevention. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E336. [PMID: 32916849 PMCID: PMC7555344 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Until today, numerous studies evaluated the topic of anthocyanins and various types of cancer, regarding the anthocyanins' preventative and inhibitory effects, underlying molecular mechanisms, and such. However, there is no targeted review available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of dietary anthocyanins on skin cancers. If diagnosed at the early stages, the survival rate of skin cancer is quite high. Nevertheless, the metastatic form has a short prognosis. In fact, the incidence of melanoma skin cancer, the type with high mortality, has increased exponentially over the last 30 years, causing the majority of skin cancer deaths. Malignant melanoma is considered a highly destructive type of skin cancer due to its particular capacity to grow and spread faster than any other type of cancers. Plants, in general, have been used in disease treatment for a long time, and medicinal plants are commonly a part of anticancer drugs on the market. Accordingly, this work primarily aims to emphasize the most recent improvements on the anticarcinogenic effects of anthocyanins from different plant sources, with an in-depth emphasis on melanoma skin cancer. We also briefly summarized the anthocyanin chemistry, their rich dietary sources in flowers, fruits, and vegetables, as well as their associated potential health benefits. Additionally, the importance of anthocyanins in topical applications such as their use in cosmetics is also given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zorița Diaconeasa
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Știrbu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Zayde Ayvaz
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Technology Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey;
| | - Corina Danciu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Huseyin Ayvaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey;
| | - Andreea Stǎnilǎ
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mǎdǎlina Nistor
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bakhytkyzy I, Nuñez O, Saurina J. Size Exclusion Coupled to Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography for the Characterization of Cranberry Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
5
|
Gabrišová L, Galbavá P, Szabóová Ž, Juriga M, Macho O, Blaško J, Kubinec R, Filipiak W, Kubincová J, Peciar M. HTGC–MS for determination of flavonol glycosides in nutritional supplement with extract from Vaccinium macrocarpon. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Bakhytkyzy I, Nuñez O, Saurina J. Determination of flavanols by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Application to the characterization of cranberry-based pharmaceuticals through profiling and fingerprinting approaches. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 156:206-213. [PMID: 29727782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new method based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD) was established for the determination of catechins and related oligomeric proanthocyanidins (PACs) in cranberry-based pharmaceuticals. Compounds were recovered by liquid extraction using methanol/water/hydrochloric acid (60:39:1, v:v:v) as the extraction solvent. The chromatographic separation was carried out using a core-shell C18 column under an elution program based on 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol as the components of the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.4 mL min-1 and the injection volume was 5 μL. Chromatograms were acquired at 280 nm by UV-vis absorption and at λex 280 nm and λem 347 nm by fluorescence spectroscopy. Compared to UV detection, FLD demonstrated both increased sensitivity and selectivity to avoid interfering signals from other phenolic compounds present in the samples. Data resulting from the analysis of cranberry-based products was exploited to tackle an exploratory characterization and classification using principal component analysis. Samples were clustered according to their compositions and those enriched with PACs with antibacterial activity were clearly distinguished from the others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inal Bakhytkyzy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Nuñez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Recinte Torribera, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Edifici de Recerca (Gaudí), E-08921, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain; Serra Húnter Fellow, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Javier Saurina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Recinte Torribera, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Edifici de Recerca (Gaudí), E-08921, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Zhang YY, Li XL, Li TY, Li MY, Huang RM, Li W, Yang RL. 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, a major microbial metabolite of procyanidin A2, shows similar suppression of macrophage foam cell formation as its parent molecule. RSC Adv 2018; 8:6242-6250. [PMID: 35540422 PMCID: PMC9078275 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13729j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of procyanidin A2 (PCA2) and its major colonic metabolite 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (HPPA) on the suppression of macrophage foam cell formation, and underlying mechanism, were investigated for the first time. The results showed that 12.5 μg mL-1 PCA2 and HPPA significantly reduced cellular lipid accumulation and inhibited foam cell formation. HPPA promoted macrophage cholesterol efflux by up-regulating mRNA expressions of ABCA1 and SR-B1, while PCA2 significantly increased SR-B1 and LXR-α mRNA expression levels. Moreover, PCA2 and HPPA significantly lowered the elevated levels of CD36 mRNA expression in ox-LDL-treated macrophage cells. Besides these, the ox-LDL-induced cellular oxidative stress and inflammation was also restricted by PCA2 and HPPA treatment via nuclear factor kappa-B pathways. In conclusion, PCA2 and its major microbial metabolite, HPPA, inhibited the conversion of macrophage into foam cells via regulating cellular lipid metabolism and suppressing cellular oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-85280270 +86-20-85283448
| | - Xiao-Le Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China +86-898-66193581 +86-898-66198861
| | - Tong-Yun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-85280270 +86-20-85283448
| | - Mei-Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-85280270 +86-20-85283448
| | - Ri-Ming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-85280270 +86-20-85283448
| | - Wu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China +86-898-66193581 +86-898-66198861
| | - Rui-Li Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86-20-85280270 +86-20-85283448
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiao J, Wei Y, Chen J, Chen X, Zhang Y. Anti-aging and redox state regulation effects of A-type proanthocyanidins-rich cranberry concentrate and its comparison with grape seed extract in mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
10
|
Redondo D, Arias E, Oria R, Venturini ME. Thinned stone fruits are a source of polyphenols and antioxidant compounds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:902-910. [PMID: 27219821 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thinned fruits are agricultural by-products that contain large quantities of interesting compounds due to their early maturity stage. In this work, the phenolic profile and the antioxidant activity of six thinned stone fruits (apricot, cherry, flat peach, peach, plum and nectarine) have been investigated, focussing on proanthocyanidins. RESULTS Thinned nectarine had the highest content of total phenols [67.43 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g-1 dry weight (DW)] and total flavonoids (56.97 mg CE g-1 DW) as well as the highest antioxidant activity measured by DPPH scavenging (133.30 mg [Trolox equivalents (TE) g-1 DW] and FRAP assay (30.42 mg TE g-1 DW). Proanthocyanidins were very abundant in these by-products, and the main phenolic group quantified in cherry (10.54 mg g-1 DW), flat peach (33.47 mg g-1 DW) and nectarine (59.89 mg g-1 DW), while hydroxycinnamic acids predominate in apricot, peach and plum (6.67, 22.04 and 23.75 mg g-1 DW, respectively). The low, mean degree of polymerisation of proanthocyanidins suggests that their bioavailability could be very high. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that thinned stone fruit extracts might be used as antioxidants in foods or as a source of compounds with health-related benefits that can be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Redondo
- Grupo de Investigación de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Arias
- Parque Científico Tecnológico Aula Dei, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa Oria
- Grupo de Investigación de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María E Venturini
- Grupo de Investigación de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee J. Rosaceae products: Anthocyanin quality and comparisons between dietary supplements and foods. NFS JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Lee J. Anthocyanin analyses of Vaccinium fruit dietary supplements. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 4:742-52. [PMID: 27625778 PMCID: PMC5011382 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinium fruit ingredients within dietary supplements were identified by comparisons with anthocyanin analyses of known Vaccinium profiles (demonstration of anthocyanin fingerprinting). Available Vaccinium supplements were purchased and analyzed, their anthocyanin profiles (based on high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] separation) indicated if products' fruit origin listings were authentic. Over 30% of the Vaccinium fruit (cranberry, lingonberry, bilberry, and blueberry; 14 of 45) products available as dietary supplements did not contain the fruit listed as ingredients. Six supplements contained no anthocyanins. Five others had contents differing from labeled fruit (e.g., bilberry capsules containing Andean blueberry fruit). Of the samples that did contain the specified fruit (n = 27), anthocyanin content ranged from 0.04 to 14.37 mg per capsule, tablet, or teaspoon (5 g). Approaches to utilizing anthocyanins in assessment of sample authenticity, and a discussion of the challenges with anthocyanin profiles in quality control are both presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Horticultural Crops Research Unit (HCRU) Worksite Parma Idaho 83660
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun J, Marais JPJ, Khoo C, LaPlante K, Vejborg RM, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T, Seeram NP, Rowley DC. Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) oligosaccharides decrease biofilm formation by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Funct Foods 2015; 17:235-242. [PMID: 26613004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The preventive effects of the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) against urinary tract infections are supported by extensive studies which have primarily focused on its phenolic constituents. Herein, a phenolic-free carbohydrate fraction (designated cranf1b-F2) was purified from cranberry fruit using ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed that the cranf1b-F2 constituents are predominantly oligosaccharides possessing various degrees of polymerisation and further structural analysis (by GC-MS and NMR) revealed mainly xyloglucan and arabinan residues. In antimicrobial assays, cranf1b-F2 (at 1.25 mg/mL concentration) reduced biofilm production by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073 strain by over 50% but did not inhibit bacterial growth. Cranf1b-F2 (ranging from 0.625 - 10 mg/mL) also inhibited biofilm formation of the non-pathogenic E. coli MG1655 strain up to 60% in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that cranberry oligosaccharides, in addition to its phenolic constituents, may play a role in its preventive effects against urinary tract infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jannie P J Marais
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., One Ocean Spray Drive, Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, 02349, USA
| | - Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., One Ocean Spray Drive, Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, 02349, USA
| | - Kerry LaPlante
- Departments of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA ; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Rebecca M Vejborg
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Givskov
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - David C Rowley
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Feliciano RP, Krueger CG, Reed JD. Methods to determine effects of cranberry proanthocyanidins on extraintestinal infections: Relevance for urinary tract health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1292-306. [PMID: 25917127 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequent extraintestinal infections caused by Escherichia coli (ExPEC). Cranberry juice has been used for decades to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrent UTI. The putative compounds in cranberries are proanthocyanidins (PAC), specifically PAC with "A-type" bonds. Since PAC are not absorbed, their health benefits in UTI may occur through interactions at the mucosal surface in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent research showed that higher agglutination of ExPEC and reduced bacterial invasion are correlated with higher number of "A-type" bonds and higher degree of polymerization of PAC. An understanding of PAC structure-activity relationship is becoming feasible due to advancements, not only in obtaining purified PAC fractions that allow accurate estimation, but also in high-resolution MS methodologies, specifically, MALDI-TOF MS. A recent MALDI-TOF MS deconvolution method allows quantification of the ratios of "A-type" to "B-type" bonds enabling characteristic fingerprints. Moreover, the generation of fluorescently labeled PAC allows visualization of the interaction between ExPEC and PAC with microscopy. These tools can be used to establish structure-activity relationships between PAC and UTI and give insight on the mechanism of action of these compounds in the gut without being absorbed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo P Feliciano
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christian G Krueger
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Complete Phytochemical Solutions LLC, Cambridge, WI, USA
| | - Jess D Reed
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Complete Phytochemical Solutions LLC, Cambridge, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Han KH, Kitano-Okada T, Seo JM, Kim SJ, Sasaki K, Shimada KI, Fukushima M. Characterisation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins of adzuki bean extracts and their antioxidant activity. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
16
|
Blueberry extract inhibits carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes and these inhibitory activities are not proanthocyanidin dependent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-015-0001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Lee J, Dossett M, Finn CE. Mistaken identity: clarification of Rubus coreanus Miquel (Bokbunja). Molecules 2014; 19:10524-33. [PMID: 25045891 PMCID: PMC6271795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the U.S., there has been a recent surge in Korean black raspberry products available and in the number of reports about this species appearing in the scientific literature. Despite this, the majority of products sold and the work carried out has been on Rubus occidentalis L., not R. coreanus Miquel. The importance of accurate recognition of all starting material is multiplied for research downstream, including genetics/genomics, plant breeding, phenolic identification, food processing improvements and pharmacokinetic investigations. An overview of distinguishing characteristics separating R. coreanus from R. occidentalis will be presented. Research conducted on correctly identified fruit will also be summarized to aid future studies that might showcase the unique qualities that bokbunja can offer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Horticultural Crops Research Unit (HCRU) Worksite, Parma, ID 83660, USA.
| | - Michael Dossett
- BC Blueberry Council (in partnership with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada-Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre), 6947 Hwy #7, P.O. Box 1000, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada.
| | - Chad E Finn
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit (HCRU), Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kang BH, Racicot K, Pilkenton SJ, Apostolidis E. Evaluation of the in vitro anti-hyperglycemic effect of Cinnamomum cassia derived phenolic phytochemicals, via carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme inhibition. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 69:155-160. [PMID: 24706251 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon) proanthocyanidins (PACs) are believed to have anti-hyperglycemic potential via stimulation of insulin sensitivity. The present study investigates the carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme inhibition of cinnamon PACs. Five grams of cinnamon bark powder were extracted in 100 mL acetone solution (CAE) (acetone: water: hydrochloric acid, 70:29.9:0.01) for 2 h at room temperature and in 100 mL deionized water for 30 min at 90 °C (CWE). PACs were purified from CAE using LH-20 (CAE-PAC) to be further evaluated. PAC contents were evaluated by 4-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) assay and yielded 795, 177 and 123 mg/g, for CAE-PAC, CAE and CWE respectively. The total phenolic contents of CAE and CWE were determined to be 152 and 134 mg/g respectively. All extracts were adjusted to the same PAC content (180, 90, 45 and 20 μg) and the inhibitory activity against rat α-glucosidase was determined. The CAE-PAC fraction had very low rat α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, CAE had the highest (IC50 0.474 mg/mL total phenolic (TP) basis) followed by CWE (IC50 0.697 mg/mL TP basis). The specific maltase and sucrase inhibitory activities were determined and CAE (IC50 0.38 and 0.10 mg/mL TP basis) had higher inhibition than CWE (IC50 0.74 and 0.37 mg/mL TP basis). Results suggest that the observed bioactivity is not PAC dependent and that CAE has a higher anti-hyperglycemic potential than CWE via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B-H Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Food Science, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee J. Marketplace analysis demonstrates quality control standards needed for black raspberry dietary supplements. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 69:161-167. [PMID: 24763926 PMCID: PMC4544477 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no standard for the minimum anthocyanin concentration a black raspberry dietary supplement must contain for legal sale in the US. All consumer available black raspberry products (n = 19), packaged as dietary supplements or otherwise prepared (freeze-dried whole and pre-ground powders), were purchased and analyzed for their anthocyanin composition and concentration. Seven of the 19 samples contained no anthocyanins from black raspberry fruit, while three of those seven (without black raspberry fruit) had no anthocyanins of any kind. There was a wide range of anthocyanin concentration within the remaining products (18.1-2,904.8 mg/100 g; n = 12). When expressed as per capsule or per ∼1 teaspoon, concentration ranged from 0.1 to 145.2 mg (average 28 mg; n = 12). Until US dietary supplement labeling comes under regulatory oversight similar to food guidelines, foods are a more dependable source for dietary phenolics than supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit Worksite, 29603 U of I Ln., Parma, ID, 83660, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee J. Establishing a case for improved food phenolic analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2014; 2:1-8. [PMID: 24804059 PMCID: PMC3951544 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Future phenolic research findings using a multidisciplinary approach will ensure profitability and sustainability of specialty crop industries, while also improving the nutritional and economic choices available to increasingly health- and environmentally conscious consumers. Recent examples of phenolics used in commercial and research scenarios, and new phenolic research discoveries are discussed. Despite being a heavily researched topic, there remains a need to identify, develop, and define analyses targeted for specific quality-related plant metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit Worksite Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureParma, Idaho, 83660, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Lee J, Skinkis PA. Oregon 'Pinot noir' grape anthocyanin enhancement by early leaf removal. Food Chem 2013; 139:893-901. [PMID: 23561187 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Complete cluster zone leaf removal of 'Pinot noir' was initiated at three separate pre-véraison growth stages (bloom, grain-pea size, and bunch closure) and maintained leaf free until harvest, for four growing seasons (2008-2011). Fruit anthocyanin composition was examined at harvest for the last two vintages (2010 and 2011) and compared to a control-no cluster zone leaf removal. Experiments were conducted at two commercially operating Oregon vineyards (site A=420 rootstock/'Pinot noir' 115 scion and site B=3309C rootstock/'Pinot noir' 777 scion). All clusters contained the five anthocyanins typically found in 'Pinot noir'. Leaf removal at bloom and maintained until harvest produced maximum anthocyanin accumulation in 'Pinot noir' grapes (site A=85.24 mg/100 g and site B=125.06 mg/100 g), compared to no leaf removal (control; site A=57.91 mg/100 g and site B=97.56 mg/100 g). Even leaf removal at bunch closure (last leaf removal initiation period) increased grape anthocyanin (site A=73.22 mg/100 g and site B=118.93 mg/100 g) compared to control, but total anthocyanins were lower than grapes from bloom leaf removal (first time period). Results differed slightly by vineyard site and rootstock/scion combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit Worksite, Parma, ID 83660, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|